The Winogradsky column is a long glass column that is used to grow different microorganisms. Different Microbes will be formed in different layers in this column, a layer in which a microbe formed resembles the environmental niche of that microbe.
Several layers of microbes are found in the column each has a different microorganism. Hence biodiversity found on earth can be demonstrated in terms of the niche they occupy using winogradsky column.
To grow microbes a long glass column is filled with pond mud, water, egg shells and egg yolk, and paper. After filling the column it should be placed in a natural light source for several months. This process creates an aerobic/anaerobic gradient in the column. The top region of the column will be aerobic bottom of the column will be more anaerobic. Usually, anaerobic bacteria will be found in the lower region of the column where mud is settled and aerobic bacteria will be in the upper layer. Hence different layers with different environmental conditions are developed inside the column. Microbes will only be in the layer which matches their natural niche.
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The ability of the arteries to withstand a sudden large increase in pressure is accomplished by the?.
The flexibility of the smooth muscles allows the arteries to sustain a rapid, significant rise in pressure.
What makes an artery resilient to pressure?They have an outer layer of collagen and a thick wall to prevent the artery from rupturing under the intense pressure. In order to maintain pulse flow, the artery wall also has an inner layer of muscle and elastic fibers.
What property makes arteries resistant to high pressure?The aorta and pulmonary arteries, which are the closest to the heart, are elastic arteries because they have much more elastic tissue in the tunica media than muscular arteries do. The elastic arteries' ability to maintain a relatively constant pressure gradient despite the heart's continuous pumping is due to this property.
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A plant can have either broad leaves (b) or narrow leaves (b). A plant with genotype bb is crossed with a plant with genotype bb. Which punnett square correctly represents this cross?.
Option C is the Punnett square that accurately depicts the hybridization of a genotype BB and a genotype Bb plant.
The genotypes of a specific cross or breeding experiment are predicted using a square diagram known as the Punnett square. It has the name of Reginald C. Punnett, who developed the strategy in 1905. The likelihood that a child will have a specific genotype is calculated by biologists using the diagram. The Punnett square is a table that lists all conceivable ways that paternal and maternal alleles might be combined.- These tables can be used to investigate the genotypical outcome probability of kids carrying a single trait (allele) or when multiple traits from the parents are crossed.
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Alleles for which pair of genes are most likely to act as though they are being inherited independently?.
The likelihood of two genes inheriting together increased depending on how close they were to one another on a chromosome.
What two alleles have the highest likelihood of inheriting each other?In close proximity to another allele is allele B. B is the right answer because alleles that are positioned close to one another on a chromosome are more likely to be inherited together.
Which parent's allele was inherited?A creature has one allele for each gene, which it receives from both parents. When both parents pass on the same allele of a gene, the resultant child is said to be homozygous (homo means "same") for that allele.
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all the influenza viruses shown in the phylogenetic tree are thought to have arisen in one group of host animals. which group of animals do you think is the original source of the virus, and why?
The group of host animals in which all influenza viruses arose are birds. All viruses isolated in different groups of animals (e.g. pigs, horses, etc) had all their origin in birds (as indicated by the blue lineages).
All influenza viruses originated in the group of host animals known as birds. All viruses discovered in various animal species (such as pigs, horses, etc.) originated in birds (as indicated by the blue lineages).
Flu virus proteins are probably present in the nucleus, host cell membrane, and cytoplasm during an influenza virus infection. The genome type of an animal virus mostly determines the type of life cycle it has. A prophage can be formed by a lambda phage; a retrovirus would be a similar animal virus type. Some hosts manufacture interferons to protect themselves from animal viruses.
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What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on earth?.
Answer:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Explanation:
3. which colors are reflected and absorbed when you look through the different filter papers. which color is reflected by chlorophyll?
The colors you see on an object's surface are reflected by chlorophyll, while all other visible spectrum colors are absorbed by green when you look through the different filter papers.
Supplement makers claim that chlorophyll is full of enthusiasm entirety, boosts cardinal ancestry containers, helps with burden misfortune, cures broken skin, counteracts poisons, cuts redness, and averts malignancy. It's an influential list, but few of the claims are supported by controlled evidence.
Filter paper is a semi-penetrable paper impediment established standing to a liquid or airflow. It is used to separate fine dimensional pieces from fluids or smoke. Filter paper is too consistently named chromatography paper. Chromatography paper is clean white. Filter paper has many various types: synthetic study clean paper, qualitative drain paper, ashless winnow paper, air permeate paper, transformer lubricate penetrate paper, fuel filter paper, etc.
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how is the structure of an arteriole different from that of an artery
the structure of an arteriole different from an artery is that Arteries are composed of thicker muscular walls whereas Arterioles are composed of comparatively thinner muscular walls.
what is an arteriole?
Arterioles are tiny blood veins that branch off of arteries. Arterioles have a smaller diameter than arteries. This diameter is changed to control blood flow. The wall thickness is likewise smaller than that of arteries.
what is an artery?
Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart. The heart uses pressure to pump blood. As a result, arteries contain high-pressure blood so arteries are composed of thick muscular walls to tolerate the pressure. Arteries have a comparatively higher diameter than arterioles.
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imagine you are an ecologist studying population growth and decline in a species of rabbits. you decide to set up an experiment to observe how a rabbit population grows and changes when there are no predators. as preparation, you plant a secluded forest meadow with a species of flowers that the rabbits eat and then fence it off to protect the rabbits from predators. you release a small population of rabbits into the meadow and, over the next few years, record how their population changes over time. at first, the rabbits eat the flower and grasses in the meadow and reproduce. eventually, the population of flowers and grasses declines. then, the population of rabbits declines. after the number of rabbit decreases, grasses and flowers begin the grow again, and are eaten by the rabbits. neither the rabbit nor flower and grass populations return to their highest levels, but both continue to exist. what appears to be the limiting factor in the growth of this rabbit population?
The limiting factor in the growth of this rabbit population here is the food supply.
What are growth limiting factors in a population?
Lack of a certain resource is a common expression for limiting circumstances. For instance, food becomes a limiting constraint if there are not enough prey species in a forest to sustain a large number of predators.
Here we can see that the population of rabbits decrease when the food available in the environment as competition for food increases with increase in the population of the rabits,and decrease in population of seen of the rabbits.
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Eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants are classified in a catch-all category called.
Answer:
protist
Explanation:
A protist is a category of eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungi.
Following delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine fundus and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because:
Select one:
A. a portion of the placenta was retained in the uterus.
B. these actions simulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction.
C. uterine massage increases blood flow to the uterus.
D. breastfeeding causes uterine blood vessels to dilate.
After massaging the uterine fundus and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops as these actions stimulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction. The correct option to this question is B.
The discharge of blood and mucus that begins after birth is referred to as vaginal postpartum hemorrhage or lochia. Bleeding after giving birth is common and natural: Your body is removing all the additional blood, mucus, and tissue it accrued over your pregnancy. You will consequently suffer postpartum bleeding whether you had a vaginal delivery or a C-section.
Lochia often weighs more and lasts longer than a menstrual cycle. Additionally, it contains some elements that you won't find in a typical menstrual period, such as uterine mucus and tissue, primarily from the area where the placenta was attached.
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Before the cell can divide again, it must grow and synthesize proteins during the.
G1 is accompanied via way of means of S segment (synthesis), at some stage in which DNA replication takes area. The final touch of DNA synthesis is accompanied via way of means of the G2 segment (hole 2), at some stage in which mobileular increase maintains and proteins are synthesized in training for mitosis.
To divide, a mobileular have to whole numerous essential obligations: it have to grow, reproduction its genetic material (DNA), and bodily break up into daughter cells. Cells carry out those obligations in an organized, predictable collection of steps that make up the mobileular cycle.
The 2nd increase segment begins off-evolved to put together the cells with newly replicated DNA for access into the mitosis segment via way of means of installing area the important organelles for mitosis. The mobileular cycle is a crucial a part of the ongoing patience of all eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
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During an intense workout, martin is pretty sure his body released endorphins. Why is he most likely to reach this conclusion?.
most likely to reach this conclusion.He felt content and at ease because endorphins are happy and calming.
Your body produces endorphin-related compounds when you exercise. These endorphins interact with the brain's pain-relieving receptors to lessen your experience of discomfort. They are produced in your brain, spinal cord, and many other sections of your body, and are released in reaction to chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters.Three endogenous opioid peptides—-endorphin, -endorphin, and -endorphin—make up the endorphin class. The precursor protein proopiomelanocortin is the source of all endorphins, and all of them have the Met-enkephalin motif Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met at their N-terminus. The proteolytic cleavage of -endorphin between the residues Thr(16)-Leu(17) and Leu(17)-Phe(18), respectively, yields -endorphin and -endorphin. The sequence of -endorphin is the shortest, and -endorphin is the longest.
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neutrophils and macrophages) signaled where to leave the circulation and enter the infection site? g
They accomplish this through a process called diapedesis, in which the leukocyte travels in an ameboid fashion through closely spaced endothelial borders (paracellular transmigration), and occasionally even through the endothelial cell itself.
Neutrophils migrate quickly to infection sites in tissue, even though they are typically found in the bloodstream. It is possible for neutrophils to move directly through endothelial cells (the transcellular route) or between them during the trans-endothelial migration (TEM) process.
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which evidence supports the hypothesis that four-limbed animals came from fish? select all that apply.
Fish are the closest relatives of tetrapods, according to DNA study. - Before tetrapods appeared about 365 million years ago, the fossil record reveals an increasing number of fish with tetrapod-like characteristics. - Vertebrates include both fish and four-legged creatures.
DNA is the information molecule. It contains the instructions required to make proteins, another type of large molecule. These instructions, which are spread out over 46 extended structures known as chromosomes, are present in each of your cells. Each of these chromosomes is made up of several smaller pieces of DNA, called genes.
Tetrapods are a group of animals that includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and other creatures. Tetrapods include all living vertebrates on land today as well as several extinct terrestrial animals that currently have an aquatic lifestyle (such as whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, sea turtles, and sea snakes)
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what is name of the motif/domain that function to promote the dna-binding activity of many transcriptional activator proteins?
A zinc finger DNA-binding motif is common to many transcription factors in the human genome.
The first zinc finger motifs were identified in the structure of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA in 1985. This motif consists of a relatively short α-helix and a two-stranded antiparallel β-sheet.
Proteins has unique features, They binds to DNA as homodimers or heterodimers and recognize DNA through one of a small number of structural motifs. Their are other common motifs in transcriptional activator proteins that include the helix-turn-helix, the homeodomain, the leucine zipper, the helix-loop-helix, and zinc fingers of many types.
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Which serum value is a reflection of the effectiveness of the kidney’s ability to properly maintain serum metabolic ph?.
The capability of the kidney to sustain a healthy serum metabolic ph Bicarbonate (HCO3-).
Which blood number reflects how well the kidneys are able to maintain the right level of serum metabolic pH?
For each (H+) molecule produced into the renal tubular fluid during acid excretion, bicarbonate (HCO3-) is returned to the blood concurrently at the glomerulus.
How do the kidneys function to keep the blood's pH at a normal level?- The kidneys retain bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), which serve as an essential buffer for hydrogen ions (H+) in the blood, and expel a varying amount of hydrogen ions (H+) into the urine. These two actions assist in controlling blood pH.
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the forest-dwelling ogiek, who live outside the direct control of the government of kenya, formed a nongovernmental organization (ngo) to seek aid in protecting their rights to their land and way of life. they might be known as what kind of group?
The forest-dwelling ogiek, who live outside of the Kenyan government's direct supervision, defending their rights to their property and way of life. They could be classified as an ethnic group.
Native forest-dwelling people, commonly known as tribals, make up roughly half of those displaced by large projects despite making up only around 8% of India's population, according to the country's top tribal rights activist. According to Madhuri Krishnaswamy, also known as Madhuri Ben (sister), an ethnic group who has been fighting for the rights of tribal people in Barwani Peoples, the majority of tribal people are marginal farmers who cultivate land that is only fed by rainfall (lacks irrigation) and cannot sustain them for more than a few months out of the year.
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the kern river oil field has gone through periods of boom and bust, starting with the tar mined by the yokut people to the more recent extraction of millions of barrels of crude oil annually. each period of decline in oil production was revived by .
each period of decline in oil production was revived by new innovations, increased demand, and rising oil prices.
Although the terms innovation and invention have some semantic overlap, they are actually extremely different.
A deception, a discovery, a musical composition, or anything else created out of one's mind can all be considered inventions. The definition of invention that is most frequently mistaken for innovation is "a device, contrivance, or process originated after study and experiment," which typically refers to something that has never been done before.
For its part, innovation can refer to a brand-new item or a modification made to an already-existing concept, product, or industry. The first telephone was undoubtedly an invention, the first cell phone was either an invention or an innovation, and the first smartphone was undoubtedly an advancement.
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what amino acid sequence does the following dna nucleotide sequence specify? 3′−tacagaacggta−5′ express the sequence of amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations, separated by hyphens (e.g., met-ser-his-lys-gly).
The amino acid sequence for the following DNA sequence is Met-Ser-Cys-His.
The process of converting the genetic information contained in the DNA into messenger RNA is known as transcription (mRNA).
DNA's sense strand, which runs from 5' to 3' and conveys information, and an antisense strand, which runs from 3' to 5' and acts as a template.
E.g.: Antisense strand 3′−TACAGAACGGTA−5′
mRNA sequence 5’−ATGTCTTGCCAT−3’
The process of converting the information carried by an mRNA into an amino acid sequence is known as translation.
The term "codon" refers to the sequence of three nucleotides that make up the genetic code.
For instance, the start codon "ATG" codes for the amino acid methionine.
Here, mRNA sequence 5’−ATGTCTTGCCAT−3’
Amino acid sequence: Met-Ser-Cys-His
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traditional ecological knowledge and western science the case of the bowhead whale what is science? science is both a set of practices (way of knowing) and the historical accumulation of knowledge (body of knowledge). nearly g
Science is a method for comprehending the natural world and the corpus of information created by several scientists.
Traditional ecological knowledge provides information about climate change across generations as well as the geography of the area's actual residents. Traditional ecological knowledge emphasizes and places at the center of the information it carries information about the health and interactions of the environment.
Whales are near the top of the food chain and serve as important indicators of the marine environment's overall health. The bowhead whale is classified as "special concern" in Canada. They are currently recovering from years of commercial whaler overexploitation.
Science, also known as Western science, is a body of knowledge that is based on certain laws that have been established by applying the scientific method to phenomena in the world around us.
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Air has a higher concentration of oxygen molecules than does the cytoplasm of your lung cells. Where in your lungs will there be a net increase of oxygen?.
There is an overall rise in oxygen "within the lung cells."
Which is achieved by the body's transportation of both oxygen and carbon dioxide?The lungs and respiratory system enable breathing.They expel carbon dioxide and inspire oxygen into our body, which is referred to as inhalation (called expiration, or exhalation). The process of breathing involves exchanging carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Who supplies the body with its oxygen?Circulation in the lungs: Large artery that leaves the heart, the pulmonary artery is.It divides into two major branches, and the blood passes through them as it moves from the heart to the lungs. The blood breathes out carbon dioxide while absorbing oxygen from the lungs.
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An organism is born with a mutation that results in ATP synthase (See figure) being entirely hydrophilic. Which of the following is likely to result from this mutation?
- The mutation will result in a severe decrease in the production of ATP leading to death.
- The mutation will prevent glycolysis from occurring within the organism.
- All of the above
An organism is born with a mutation that results in ATP synthase being entirely hydrophilic, the mutation will result in a severe decrease in the production of ATP leading to death.
With some of its subunits being water soluble and others being essential membrane proteins, the ATP synthase is attached to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
F1 (factor 1) and Fo are the two distinct parts of the mitochondrial ATP synthase (a factor that confers sensitivity to oligomycin). A proton turbine (inside Fo) and a molecular machine (F1) that uses rotational energy to create ATP from ADP and phosphate make up the reversible molecular motor known as the ATP synthase. The flow of protons along a potential gradient across the mitochondrial membrane produced by the electron transport chain during respiration drives the proton turbine.
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what cell type remains after an adaptive immune response and is responsible for maintaining the steady-state level of pathogen-specific antibody in the circulation?
The cell type that remains after an adaptive immune response and is responsible for maintaining the steady-state level of pathogen-specific antibody in circulation is long-lived plasma cells.
Adaptive immunity is a kind of immunity that is made against infectious diseases.
This type of immunity produces a strong response against pathogens and hence is pathogen-specific. The plasma cells that are longed lived produce antibodies as well as memory cells against the specific microbes.
These plasma cells are longed lived so that they can recognize the specific pathogen whenever it invades the body.
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tubular re-absorption occurs from the nephron tubules into the . a. peritubular capillaries b. nephron loop c. renal corpuscle d. renal pyramid
Tubular reabsorption occurs from the nephron tubules into the peritubular capillaries.
The procedure that removes solutes and water from the filtrate and reincorporates them into your circulation is known as tubular reabsorption. Reabsorption describes the fact that they have already been absorbed once, when they originally entered the bloodstream from the digestive tract after a meal. Along with reabsorbing the substances you require, your nephrons have the ability to release undesirable substances from your bloodstream into the filtrate. The glomerular filtrate is transformed into urine by a combination of several processes.There are two stages to resorption Prior to entering the tubule, water and other dissolved materials must first move passively or actively from the fluid inside the tubule through the tubule's wall.
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why can the construction of wildlife corridors help maintain genetic diversity in a fragmented landscape?
Small and dispersed wild populations can increase gene flow with the help of wildlife corridors.
By conserving potentially vulnerable local populations in the wild, this is crucial for preserving biodiversity and has shown to significantly increase species richness. A "wildlife corridor" is a place in the environment that serves as a route for individuals to move between wild species in order to maintain connectedness between them. These passageways are frequently vegetated habitats that allow for movement while posing a lower risk of predator attack than open lands. The dimensions, shapes, lengths, and composition of wildlife corridors vary.
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which of the following is known as the process of natural selection associated with a population well adapted to its environment? a. genetic polymorphism b. stabilizing selection c. balanced polymorphism d. frequency-dependent selection e. directional selection
e. directional selection the following is known as the process of natural selection associated with a population well adapted to its environment .
What did the process of natural selection become known as?Natural selection, commonly known as "survival of the fittest," is the more prolific reproduction of individuals with advantageous features who survive environmental change as a result of those traits. This results in evolutionary change, with the characteristic becoming prevalent within a population.
Natural selection requires four conditions to occur: reproduction, inheritance, change in fitness or organisms, and diversity in individual characteristics among population members.
Natural selection holds that qualities that may be handed down assist animals to adapt to their environment better than other creatures of the same species. .
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which diagnostic test is used for the direct visualization of ligaments, menisci, and articular surgaces of joints
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables a noninvasive, three-dimensional assessment of the entire joint, simultaneously allowing the direct visualization of articular cartilage.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to create images of the body's anatomy and physiological processes. MRI scanners generate images of the organs in the body by using strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves.
An MRI system is made up of four major components: a superconducting coil-based main magnet, gradient coils, radiofrequency (RF) coils, and computer systems. Each component is subject to safety checks.
MRI machines are classified into two types: closed bore and open bore. While closed bore MRI machines produce the best images, open bore MRI machines may be more comfortable to use due to the lack of an enclosed space.
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87) the transduction pathway that activates systemic acquired resistance in plants is initially signaled by a) antisense rna. b) pfr phytochrome. c) salicylic acid. d) abscisic acid. e) red, but not far-red, light.
The correct option is C : Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense hormone that is essential for both local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR).
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a type of induced resistance that occurs throughout a plant following exposure to elicitors from virulent, avirulent, or nonpathogenic microorganisms, as well as artificial chemical stimuli such as chitosan or salicylic acid (SA)
Plant immune systems rely on their capacity to identify adversary chemicals, transmit signals, and respond defensively via processes involving several genes and their products.
Pathogens aggressively try to dodge and disrupt response pathways, favoring a decentralized, multicomponent immune system.
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The simultaneous arrival of graded depolarization and a graded hyperpolarization of equal but opposite magnitude at a particular location on the dendritic membrane is likely to _____.
cancel each other out, making it appear as if there was no change in membrane potential
The simultaneous arrival of graded depolarization and a graded hyperpolarization of equal but opposite magnitude at a particular location on the dendritic membrane is likely to cancel the effects of each other, as if there was no change in membrane potential. The correct answer is C.
Graded depolarization caused by sodium or calcium ion penetration. Graded hyperpolarization caused by excretion of potassium ions or entry of chloride ions. Thus, when equal but opposite degrees of graded depolarization and hyperpolarization occur at a given dendrite of a neuron, the positive and negative charges neutralize each other and have little or no effect on the total membrane potential. .
Graded potential cause transient, subtle changes in membrane potentials associated with neuronal dendrites. The magnitude of the change induced depends on the magnitude and duration of the stimulus. These can be depolarized or hyperpolarized.
The magnitude of the change depends on the magnitude and duration of the stimulus.
They can be depolarized or hyperpolarized.
Gradual depolarization caused by sodium or calcium ion penetration. Gradual hyperpolarization caused by excretion of potassium ions or entry of chloride ions. Thus, when equal but opposite degrees of graded depolarization and hyperpolarization occur at a given dendrite of a neuron, the positive and negative charges neutralize each other and have little or no effect on the total membrane potential.
your question is incomplete, but the most probably your full question was
The simultaneous arrival of graded depolarization and a graded hyperpolarization of equal butopposite magnitude at a particular location on the dendritic membrane is likely to _____
a. Cause depolarization, because graded depolarizations are more important to neuron function
b. Cause hyperpolarization, because graded hyperpolarizations are more important to neuron function
c. Cancel each other out, making it appear as if there was no change in membrane potential
d. Cause the apoptosis of the neuron
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the process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called:
The process is called as absorption that generally causes the medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.
The maximum not unusual place mechanism of absorption for tablets is passive diffusion. This procedure may be defined via the Fick regulation of diffusion, wherein the drug molecule actions in step with the awareness gradient from a better drug awareness to a decrease awareness till equilibrium is reached.
Absorption is the procedure via way of means of which a drug enters the bloodstream. There are many feasible routes of administration, however the maximum not unusualplace are intravenous and oral. If a drug is run intravenously, the absorption section is skipped because the drug at once enters circulation.
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