The following has the highest perceived value and importance in peer-reviewed publications among the options given, and is option c. original article.
Perceived value-
The amount that a customer is willing to pay for a product or service is referred to as perceived value. Perceived value is based on a number of factors, including quality, branding, customer service, and product design.
Original article-
A research paper that is based on original research findings and is typically published in academic or scholarly journals is known as an original article. The paper must have new and significant findings, as well as originality and novelty, in order to be classified as an original article.
In the peer-reviewed publication, the highest perceived value and importance-
The most essential peer-reviewed publication is the original article. Original research is considered more valuable than other types of literature in peer-reviewed journals because it provides new insights into the topic and adds to the body of knowledge on the subject.
An abstract is simply a brief summary of a research paper's key points, while a case report or clinical review article is a descriptive analysis of a patient's medical history and the treatment that was administered.
Therefore, an original article has the highest perceived value and importance among the given options.
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a risk assessment team should focus on critical areas. true false
True. A risk assessment team should focus on critical areas.
The purpose of a risk assessment is to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities within a system, process, or organization. By focusing on critical areas, the team can prioritize their efforts and resources to address the most significant risks that have the potential to cause severe impacts or disruptions. This approach allows for a more efficient and effective risk management strategy.
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Which ones identify the disadvantages of the payback rule? A. Very simple and easy to apply. B. Ignores the time value of money. C. The cutoff payback is arbitrary. All of the above. B and C of the above.
Payback rule refers to the period it takes for an investment to recover its initial cost. While it is a simple technique that is easy to use, there are several limitations to its application.
The disadvantages of the payback rule are as follows:
Ignores the time value of money
The payback rule does not account for the time value of money, which assumes that the value of money changes over time. It implies that the value of money obtained at different periods is not equal. As a result, using the payback rule can be deceptive since the rule ignores inflation and the interest rate.
The cutoff payback is arbitrary
The payback rule requires a specific payback period, which can be arbitrary. This means that different payback periods result in different profitability projections.
Thus, the cutoff payback period is subjective since different individuals may have varying expectations and may require different payback periods. All of the above represents the disadvantages of the payback rule.
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Industrial Revolution technologies post-COVID- 19 The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in South Africa's private sector as well. 4 th Industrial Revolution technologies are being implemented to varying degrees depending on the firms' capabilities. Those that could not deploy these technologies have either shut down or had to close temporarily. Although digitization and automation already began developing during the Third Industrial Revolution, we are now witnessing an increasing integration of such technologies in how we work and live. Source: (https://www.unido.org/stories/south- africas-capacity-deploy-fourth-industrial- revolution-technologies-post-covid- 19#: :text=The%204IR%20technologies%20that%20sav Question: 2.1 As the world moved from the first to the fourth (current) Industrial Revolution, various factors influenced organisations to change. List any five of these factors and describe how they caused organisations to adapt. ( 5×3=15 marks) You are the Minister of environmental Affairs of the Republic of South Africa. You've just been invited to talk to the final year students of EBAD411 at NMU's main campus about the topic and ministerial environmental portfolio. As part of your brief you were asked to name and define each of the elements of sustainable development. [6] QUESTION 1.2 Greta Thunberg and climate change are synonymous topics for a very specific reason. Briefly discuss who she is, how she became relevant in the context of this course and what she stands for? [3]
2.1 Factors that influenced organisations to change from first to fourth Industrial Revolution are:Industrialization - The first factor was the industrialization of Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The factory system, powered by steam engines, increased productivity and revolutionized transportation.
Companies have access to a wider market and resources.Automation - The fourth factor is automation. Automation refers to the use of machines or robots to perform tasks that were previously performed by people. Automation has resulted in increased productivity, reduced costs, and improved quality.Internet - The fifth factor is the internet, which has revolutionized communication and information-sharing, and transformed the way people work and live.QUESTION 1.2Greta Thunberg is a Swedish environmental activist who became well-known for her efforts to address climate change.
She rose to prominence in 2018 when she began a school strike for climate outside the Swedish Parliament. Since then, she has spoken at numerous events and rallies around the world to raise awareness about the need to take action on climate change.Thunberg became relevant to this course because she has been a prominent voice in the global conversation on climate change, and her activism has inspired many young people around the world to take action on environmental issues. She stands for urgent action to address climate change and has called on leaders around the world to take more decisive action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the planet.
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Write an Review about the Book Name - "Ultimate Guide to Social Media Marketing" - Eric Butow, Mike Allton, Jenn herman, Stephanie Liu, Amanda Robinson.
You have write
Your perspectives and opinions on the book
What you liked, or didn’t, what you found useful or not, etc.
Make your commentary relevant to the Marketing
If you didn’t like the book, don’t just say "I didn’t like this book,", but share exactly what you didn’t like
Conclusion
Would you recommend this book or not? If you recommend, why you will recommend this book?
Title: A Comprehensive Review of "Ultimate Guide to Social Media Marketing"
Introduction:
"Ultimate Guide to Social Media Marketing" is a collaborative effort by Eric Butow, Mike Allton, Jenn Herman, Stephanie Liu, and Amanda Robinson. With its promising title, the book aims to provide readers with extensive knowledge and insights into the world of social media marketing. In this review, I will share my perspectives and opinions on the book, highlighting both its strengths and weaknesses.
Perspectives and Opinions:
As a marketer myself, I found the book to be a valuable resource that covers a wide range of topics related to social media marketing. It offers a comprehensive overview of various platforms, strategies, and tactics that can be employed to maximize marketing efforts on social media. The book provides practical advice and actionable tips, making it accessible even to those who are new to the field.
One of the standout aspects of this book is the inclusion of multiple authors. Each author brings their unique expertise and experience, resulting in a diverse range of perspectives and insights. This collaborative approach enhances the depth and breadth of the content, offering readers a well-rounded understanding of social media marketing.
I particularly appreciated the emphasis on the importance of analytics and measurement in social media marketing. The book provides valuable guidance on how to track and analyze social media metrics effectively, helping marketers make data-driven decisions to optimize their campaigns.
However, despite its strengths, there were a few areas where the book fell short. Firstly, the content can feel overwhelming at times, especially for beginners. Some topics could have been explained in a more simplified manner to cater to readers who are just starting their social media marketing journey.
Furthermore, given the rapidly evolving nature of social media, it would have been beneficial to have more up-to-date information and insights. The book's knowledge cutoff is mentioned as September 2021, and with the dynamic nature of social media platforms, some of the information may already be outdated.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, "Ultimate Guide to Social Media Marketing" is a commendable effort that provides a wealth of information for marketers seeking to enhance their social media presence. The collaborative approach, combined with practical advice and actionable tips, makes it a valuable resource. However, the overwhelming content and potential lack of up-to-date information are aspects that could be improved upon.
I would recommend this book to marketers who are looking for a comprehensive guide to social media marketing. The book offers a solid foundation and covers a wide range of topics, making it beneficial for both beginners and experienced professionals. Despite its shortcomings, the collective expertise of the authors and the practical insights shared throughout the book make it a worthwhile addition to any marketer's library.
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Imagine you are chief operations manager in a manufacturing organization in regional NSW. A large fire has just erupted in your company’s manufacturing plant; one employee died, three others were severely injured with serious burns. After the emergency services have been called, what actions should you take, In order to conduct an investigation and With regard to crisis communications? Also, how would you make sure that you maintain a good image in media and towards community?
As the chief operations manager in a manufacturing organization in regional NSW, the actions that should be taken with regard to crisis communications and conducting an investigation in the event of a large fire that has resulted in an employee’s death and severe injury.
Actions to take regarding investigation are as follows:
Secure the scene – Establishing a safe perimeter around the site to prevent further accidents and provide a safe environment for the investigation team to work.
Collect evidence - Conduct a thorough investigation to identify the cause of the fire and to gather all the information needed to ensure it doesn't happen again. Identify the source of the fire and look for clues to determine the cause of the accident.
Document the scene – The scene needs to be documented for investigative purposes, this will include taking photographs and drawing diagrams to record the location and extent of the damage.
Speak with witnesses – Obtain statements from all the employees who were present at the time of the accident and interview them individually to get their accounts of what happened.
Crisis Communications:- Immediately notify stakeholders - Ensure all stakeholders are notified of the incident as soon as possible, including employees, suppliers, customers, and shareholders, and provide them with regular updates throughout the process.
Appoint a spokesperson - A designated spokesperson will manage communications with the media and ensure that accurate information is being provided.
Communicate regularly - It is important to communicate regularly to keep stakeholders informed about the progress being made on the investigation and what is being done to prevent similar incidents from happening again.
Maintaining good media and community image:-
Express compassion - When speaking to the media and members of the community, express your condolences for the loss of life and any injuries that have been suffered.
Emphasize safety - Emphasize that the company is committed to safety and that it will take all necessary steps to prevent accidents in the future.
Follow through with commitments - Follow through with any commitments that have been made to the community and employees, and keep stakeholders updated on progress being made.
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During any given year, each stock in a portfolio will either increase in value or decrease in value (no stock will remain exactly even). Assume that each stock in the portfolio has a 56% chance of increasing in value. The portfolio contains six different stocks and the stock prices are independent of each other. (a) What is the probability that all of the stocks decrease in value during the year? (Round answer to four decimal places.) (b) What is the probability that at least one of the stocks will increase in value during the year? (Round answer to four decimal places.) (c) What is the probability that at least one of the stocks will decrease in value during the year? (Round answer to four decimal places.)
(a) Probability of all stocks decreasing = 0.0146, (b) Probability of at least one stock increasing = 0.9854, (c) Probability of at least one stock decreasing = 0.8926
To solve these probability questions, we need to use the concept of independent events. Let's calculate the probabilities for each scenario:
(a) The probability that a single stock decreases in value is 1 - 0.56 = 0.44. Since the stock prices are independent of each other, the probability that all six stocks decrease is the product of the individual probabilities: 0.44^6 = 0.0146 (rounded to four decimal places).
(b) The probability that at least one stock increases in value is equal to 1 minus the probability that all stocks decrease. So, it is 1 - 0.0146 = 0.9854 (rounded to four decimal places).
(c) Similarly, the probability that at least one stock decreases in value is 1 minus the probability that all stocks increase. Since the probability of a stock increasing is 0.56, the probability of all stocks increasing is 0.56^6 = 0.1074 (rounded to four decimal places).
Therefore, the probability that at least one stock decreases is 1 - 0.1074 = 0.8926 (rounded to four decimal places).
In summary, the probabilities are:
(a) Probability of all stocks decreasing = 0.0146
(b) Probability of at least one stock increasing = 0.9854
(c) Probability of at least one stock decreasing = 0.8926
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Gitanjali Rao is 15 years old. Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, Gitanjali Rao cannot work
a. for his parents.
b. in a hazardous occupation.
c. in the entertainment industry.
d. in the agriculture industry.
The option b is correct answer.
In a hazardous occupation is the correct answer.
Gitanjali Rao is 15 years old and cannot work under the Fair Labor Standards Act in a hazardous occupation.
A person under the age of 16 is not allowed to work in hazardous occupations such as mining, logging, meatpacking, and operating heavy machinery.
So, option b. in a hazardous occupation is the correct answer.
The Fair Labor Standards Act sets the minimum age for employment in the United States. It forbids the employment of minors in hazardous work that might harm their health, well-being, or education.
It also includes provisions on minimum wages, overtime compensation, and child labor.
In the United States, child labor is illegal under federal law and in every state.
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a. If I purchased a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, what would be the initial entry to record the purchase?
b. What is paramount to the role of Accounting?
c. Accounting standards are designed to enforce ______________ in organizations.
d. When customers don’t pay the amount due, we call that?
e. If I purchased a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, what would be the initial entry to record the purchase?
By using accounting standards, businesses can ensure that financial statements are reliable and accurate. It promotes transparency and increases the confidence of investors and other stakeholders in the organization.
a. When purchasing a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, the initial entry to record the purchase will be to debit the office equipment account for $11,699, and credit cash or accounts payable for $11,699. The office equipment account will be recorded in the balance sheet of the company.
b. The primary function of accounting is to offer a comprehensive overview of the company's financial information. This is necessary for business owners to make informed decisions about the future of their business. The role of accounting is critical in managing a company's financial health and well-being.
c. Accounting standards are designed to enforce consistency in organizations. They offer guidelines that businesses must follow to ensure that they accurately record financial transactions.
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Assume the true market risk premium is constant over time and that the CAPM holds. How should you choose the data sample when estimating the market risk premium if you have 100 years of data?
a. You should use all available data (100 years).
b. If the market has gone up for the last 20 years, but was not performing so well previously, you want to use only the last 20 years of data.
C. If the market has gone up for the last 20 years, but was not performing so well previously, you want to exclude the data from the last 20 years.
d. You want to exclude years with extreme negative or extreme positive returns, since they are not representative of typical market returns.
e. (b) and (d)
f. (c) and (d)
g. None of the above.
When estimating the market risk premium if you have 100 years of data and you assume that the true market risk premium is constant over time and that the CAPM holds, positive returns since they are not representative of typical market returns.
Thus, the correct answer is d. You want to exclude years with extreme negative or extreme positive returns, since they are not representative of typical market returns.
To estimate market risk premium using the CAPM method, the equity risk premium and the risk-free rate are combined. CAPM model is used for calculating the expected return on equity investments, considering the return on the market index as a benchmark. The formula for the CAPM model is shown below:
Ri = Rf + β (Rm - Rf)Where, Ri is the expected return on a stock or portfolio, Rf is the risk-free rate,β is the beta of the security or portfolio,Rm is the expected return of the market.
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Define job enrichment and job enlargement by providing examples. Job enlargement sounds like a good thing. Explore what to possible disadvantages of job enlargement might be for both employers and staff.
Job enrichment involves adding more meaningful and challenging tasks to a job to increase employee satisfaction and motivation. For example, a receptionist being given the additional responsibility of managing social media accounts for the company.
Job enlargement refers to expanding the scope of a job by adding more tasks of a similar level of complexity. For example, a cashier also being assigned inventory management duties.
Disadvantages of job enlargement for employers include potential employee resistance, increased training costs, and decreased specialization. For staff, disadvantages may include increased workload and stress, reduced job satisfaction, and limited opportunities for career growth.
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1. Name the two major Ontario statutes that address health and
safety in the Ontario workplace
2. What are the three laws that govern equity in the
workplace?
1. The two major Ontario statutes that address health and safety in the Ontario workplace are the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act (WSIA).
Ontario is Canada's most populated province, with more than 14 million residents. Ontario is also a major economic player in Canada. Manufacturing and service sectors are the two most significant employers in the province. The province has a large public sector, which includes healthcare, education, and public services.
In Ontario, there are two major statutes that address health and safety in the workplace: The Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act (WSIA). The OHSA aims to safeguard workers' health and safety by ensuring that businesses have proper procedures and equipment. It also creates regulations governing workplace inspections, investigations, and reporting procedures. The WSIA governs workers' compensation. It creates a system to pay compensation to workers who are injured or become sick as a result of their job.
2. The three laws that govern equity in the workplace are the Canadian Human Rights Act, the Employment Equity Act, and the Ontario Human Rights Code.
The Canadian Human Rights Act was passed in 1977 and prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, age, se-x, se-xual orientation, or disability in employment and other areas.
The Employment Equity Act was passed in 1986 and aims to promote equality in the workplace by requiring employers to take positive measures to ensure that members of four designated groups - women, Indigenous people, persons with disabilities, and visible minorities - are given equal access to employment opportunities.
The Ontario Human Rights Code was enacted in 1962 and it protects individuals from discrimination in employment, housing, services, and other areas based on various grounds such as race, creed, gender, s-exual orientation, marital status, and age.
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Examine a decision(s) by the CEO or managers at SAMSUNG and determine how internal and external factors impacted their choices.
Samsung has made numerous business decisions that have influenced its growth. For example, the corporation has made the decision to develop high-quality goods that are both technologically advanced and innovative.
Samsung has made several strategic business decisions that have influenced its growth, including the development of high-quality, innovative, and technologically advanced goods. Samsung has succeeded in this endeavor, and the firm is now the market leader in the electronics industry. Samsung's choice to concentrate on R&D is one of the factors that has influenced its success.
Samsung has developed a sophisticated R&D department, which has enabled the company to develop cutting-edge products and stay ahead of the competition. Samsung has been able to create and market some of the most innovative products due to this department, such as the Samsung Galaxy S8 and S9, which have become the company's most popular products. Samsung's decision to concentrate on design is another factor that has contributed to the company's success.
Samsung has invested heavily in design in recent years, hiring top designers and putting a lot of money into design and aesthetics. Samsung has been able to create some of the most visually stunning products on the market as a result of this, such as the Galaxy S8 and S9, which have received high praise for their design and appearance.
Overall, the internal and external factors that have influenced Samsung's business choices have been very successful, and the corporation has become a market leader in the electronics industry. Samsung's emphasis on R&D, design, and innovation has enabled the firm to succeed and stay ahead of the competition.
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XYZ is contemplating either the outright purchase today or a lease of a major piece of machinery and wants you to recommend which would be preferable – lease or buy. The following are the terms associated with each option:
Purchase Price Option = $1,000,000
Incremental Borrowing Rate = 5%
Estimated Life of Asset = 15 Years
Lease Payments = $90,000/year for 15 Years with a $1 Purchase Option at the end of the lease.
How does the analysis in Question 1 change if the purchase option is $100,000 at the end of the lease instead of $1?
How does the analysis in Question 1 change if the incremental borrowing rate is 10%?
XYZ is considering purchasing Struggle Industries. XYZ has a required internal ROI for considering target acquisitions of 15% over ten years for new additions. The following are some of the critical financial information of XYZ. Determine what purchase price XYZ would be willing to consider for Struggle Industries given the following future estimated financial information for Struggle.
In Question 3 above, determine what the purchase price would change if XYZ could reduce its overhead expenses by $100,000 per year due to acquiring Struggle.
In Question 3 above, determine how the results might change if Struggle was a foreign company and any generated earnings that XYZ would look to repatriate were subject to a 10% tax.
XYZ has a facility that requires HVAC expenses of $100,000/year. It can put in solar panels at $500,000, reducing this cost by $40,000/year. The solar panels should last for 25 years before they will need to be replaced. XYZ’s incremental borrowing rate is 5%. Is this something you would recommend?
In Question 7, assume XYZ has an alternative use of the funding that would grow its operations. It would invest much in marketing costs that it believes would result in increased revenues of $50,000/year in three years (i.e., Years 4 through 25 would see the benefit) after the initial investment. Is this a better use of the funds provided in Question 7?
XYZ has an operation that currently generates $250,000 in profits. It believes it can build a new factory for $1,000,000 to create earnings in the following stream over ten years.
Years 1-3 = $0
Years 2-6 = $150,000/year
Years 7-10 = $200,000/year
It can borrow the money it needs for this investment at 5%. Is this something it should do?
How would your answer change if an equity infusion will fund the money for this factory and the new stockholders require an ROI for any new investments of 7%?
Question 1:XYZ is contemplating either the outright purchase today or a lease of a major piece of machinery and wants you to recommend which would be preferable – lease or buy.
The following are the terms associated with each option:Purchase Price Option = $1,000,000Incremental Borrowing Rate = 5%Estimated Life of Asset = 15 YearsLease Payments = $90,000/year for 15 Years with a $1 Purchase Option at the end of the lease.How does the analysis in Question 1 change if the purchase option is $100,000 at the end of the lease instead of $1?If the purchase option is $100,000 at the end of the lease, the analysis in question 1 would change as follows:Lease:PV of lease payments= (1-(1/1.05^15)/0.05)*90,000=1,002,444.35PV of purchase option= 100,000/1.05^15=37,230.28
Total cost of lease= $1,002,444.35+$37,230.28=$1,039,674.63Purchase:PV of the purchase price= 1,000,000/1.05^15=$340,537.64Question 2:How does the analysis in Question 1 change if the incremental borrowing rate is 10%?If the incremental borrowing rate is 10%, the analysis in question 1 would change as follows:Lease:PV of lease payments= (1-(1/1.10^15)/0.10)*90,000=867,229.91PV of purchase option= 1/1.10^15*100,000=8,810.20Total cost of lease= $867,229.91+$8,810.20=$876,040.11Purchase:PV of the purchase price= 1,000,000/1.10^15=$94,902.98Question 3:XYZ is considering purchasing Struggle Industries. XYZ has a required internal ROI for considering target acquisitions of 15% over ten years for new additions. The following are some of the critical financial information of XYZ.
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The financial staff of Cairn Communications has identified the following information for the first year of the roll-out of its new proposed service:
Projected sales
$18 million
Operating costs (not including depreciation)
$7 million
Depreciation
$4 million
Interest expense
$3 million
The company faces a 25% tax rate. What is the project's operating cash flow for the first year (t = 1)? Enter your answer in dollars. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as $1,200,000. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
The project's operating cash flow for the first year (t = 1) is $8,250,000.
To calculate the operating cash flow, we need to subtract the operating costs, depreciation, and taxes from the projected sales.
Operating cash flow = Projected sales - Operating costs (not including depreciation) - Depreciation - Taxes
Given:
Projected sales = $18 million
Operating costs (not including depreciation) = $7 million
Depreciation = $4 million
Tax rate = 25%
Calculating the operating cash flow:
Operating cash flow = $18 million - $7 million - $4 million - (25% * ($18 million - $7 million - $4 million))
= $18 million - $7 million - $4 million - (25% * $7 million)
= $18 million - $7 million - $4 million - $1.75 million
= $8.25 million
Therefore, the project's operating cash flow for the first year is $8,250,000.
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Question 2 [24 marks]. An investor is considering investing into the shares of a start-up company. The investor's approach to share valuation is to discount future expected dividends at a rate of 5.0% per annum. The company is an online food delivery service that is expected to start paying annual dividends of 6p per share in 3 years' time. Dividends are expected to remain constant for 5 years and then start increasing at a rate of 10% per year for the next 20 years before the dividend growth rate reverts to 3.5% per annum. (a) Show that a fair price for the company's shares is approximately £16.84 per share. [12] (b) Explain what happens to the share valuation if the discounting rate is changed from 5% to 3% per annum. (c) After 7 years the investor sells the company's shares for £22.50 per share. [2] Assuming the investor pays income tax at 40% and the capital gains tax rate is 28% determine the investor's net yield on this investment after tax. [10]
In order to determine the fair price of the shares, the following steps need to be followed:
Step 1:
Calculation of dividends for the first 5 years:
Year 1 - 3:
No dividends are expected.
Year 4:
Dividend expected = 6p per share
Year 5:
Dividend expected = 6p per share
The present value of the above dividends is as follows:
Year
Present Value 4 5(6/(1+0.05 )^4) = 4.69(6/(1+0.05)^5 ) = 4.45
Step 2:
Calculation of dividends for the next 20 years:
The first year in which dividend growth occurs is in year 6.
Hence, growth occurs from year 6 to year 25.
Dividend in year 6 = 6.6p per share.
Dividend in year 7 = 7.26p per share.
Dividend growth rate = 10%Step 3:
Calculation of terminal value:
The growth rate of dividends after year 25 is 3.5% per annum.
The present value of dividends is calculated till year 25.
After year 25, we need to find the terminal value.
Terminal Value = Dividend at year 26 / (discount rate - growth rate) = 96.5p per share/(0.05 - 0.035) = 579.48p per share
Present value of the terminal value = 579.48/(1+0.05)^25 = 123.91p per share
Total present value of dividends = 4.69 + 4.45 + Σ PV of dividends from year 6 to 25 + 123.91= 145.05p per share
Approximate fair price of the share = Present value of dividends / (1+discount rate)^
n= 145.05p
per share / (1+0.05)^3= £16.84 per shareb)
If the discount rate is reduced from 5% to 3% per annum, the fair price of the shares will increase.
The new fair price of the shares can be calculated using the following formula:
New approximate fair price of the share = Present value of dividends / (1+discount rate)^n= 145.05p per share / (1+0.03)^3= £19.17 per sharec)
The initial investment is £16.84 per share and the selling price is £22.50 per share.
apital gain per share = £22.50 - £16.84 = £5.66 per share.
The investor paid income tax at 40% and capital gains tax at 28%.
Net yield on investment after tax = (capital gain - capital gain tax) * (1 - income tax rate)= (£5.66 - 0.28 * £5.66) * (1 - 0.4) = £1.98 per share.
The net yield on investment after tax is £1.98 per share.
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Growth rate in sales (g)=20%; Sales (S0)=1000 million Profit margin (M)=5% Assets (A0∗)=800 million Payout ratio (POR)=30% Spontaneous liabilities (L0∗)=80 million What is the AFN? 95 million 102 million 110 million 85 million
The Additional funds needed (AFN) is a financial equation that shows how much additional capital a business requires to cover the financing gap and grow at a given percentage rate. It is calculated by subtracting the company's predicted new assets from its expected liabilities and equity.
The formula for calculating AFN is:
AFN = (A1 – A0) – (L1 – L0) (M)(1 – POR)
Where; A1 = the anticipated level of assets for the year
.L1 = the expected level of spontaneous liabilities and equity.
M = profit margin of the company.
POR = payout ratio.A0 = the previous year’s level of assets.
L0 = the previous year's level of spontaneous liabilities and equity.
According to the formula above, substituting in the values:
Growth rate in sales (g) = 20%Sales (S0) = 1000 million
Profit margin (M) = 5%Assets (A0∗) = 800 millionPayout ratio (POR) = 30%
Spontaneous liabilities (L0∗) = 80 million
AFN = (1,000,000,000 × 0.2) × (1 – 0.05) – (800,000,000 × 0.8) × (1 – 0.3) × 0.05= 110 million
Therefore, the AFN is 110 million.
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Tiger Bank currently owns $2.5 million in U.S. Treasury bonds that mature in the year 2035. The bank has plans of selling the securities in one year’s time and is concerned about future interest rates increasing. (1) What kind of risk is this bank exposed to? (2) Explain how Tiger Bank can use forward contracts to hedge this risk. (3) How does the counterparty in this transaction benefit?
Treasury bonds from Tiger Bank at the predetermined price. If interest rates do fall, the counterparty can sell the bonds at a profit. If interest rates rise, the counterparty loses money on the transaction.
(1) Interest rate risk is the risk that an investment's value will change due to a change in the interest rate. Higher interest rates result in lower bond values. Conversely, when interest rates fall, the value of a bond investment rises. Bonds with longer terms and lower coupon rates are more sensitive to interest rate changes.
2) Forward contracts are agreements between two parties to purchase or sell a specific asset at a fixed future date and price. The forward contract is a type of derivative that enables two parties to secure a future transaction at a predetermined price.
3) Tiger Bank can use a forward contract to lock in a predetermined price for the sale of their U.S. Treasury bonds. To do so, the bank would enter into a contract to sell the bonds at a fixed price on a future date that matches the bank's expected selling date. The forward contract will ensure that the bank receives the predetermined price, even if interest rates change between the date the contract is signed and the date the bonds are sold. This eliminates the bank's interest rate risk and provides them with price certainty.
4) A counterparty in this transaction is an individual or firm that takes the other side of a financial transaction. The counterparty in this transaction is betting that interest rates will fall. They can profit by entering into a forward contract to purchase the U.S.
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What are an auditor's documentation requirements concerning an entity's internal
control system and the assessed level of control risk?
An auditor's documentation requirements regarding an entity's internal control system and assessed level of control risk include documenting the understanding of the system and the evaluation of its effectiveness.
In more detail, the auditor is responsible for assessing and documenting the entity's internal control system. This involves understanding the design and implementation of the controls, evaluating their effectiveness, and assessing the level of control risk. The auditor needs to document their understanding of the system by preparing narratives, flowcharts, or other forms of documentation. Additionally, the auditor must document their assessment of the level of control risk. This includes evaluating the likelihood and potential impact of control deficiencies on the financial statements. The documentation should include the auditor's judgments, findings, conclusions, and any recommendations for improvements. By documenting the entity's internal control system and the assessed level of control risk.
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____ inflation and current account _____ will lead to currency crises. Group of answer choices High; deficit Low; surplus High; surplus Low; deficit
High inflation and current account deficit will lead to currency crises.If a country's currency continues to decrease in value, then it can lead to a situation where investors lose confidence in the currency, which can cause a currency crisis.
Inflation is the rate at which the prices of goods and services are increasing in an economy. When inflation increases, the purchasing power of the currency decreases.In contrast, the current account deficit refers to the situation where a country's imports are more significant than its exports.
High inflation and a current account deficit can both lead to a currency crisis. A currency crisis is a situation where there is a sharp depreciation of a country's currency value.
When inflation is high, the purchasing power of the currency decreases, meaning that people can buy fewer goods and services for the same amount of money.
This can lead to a decrease in foreign investment and a decrease in exports, as people are less likely to purchase goods and services from countries where the currency has decreased in value. A current account deficit can also lead to a currency crisis.
If a country is importing more than it is exporting, then there is a greater demand for foreign currency to pay for these imports. As a result, the value of the country's currency can decrease.
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Which of the following term refers to the process of reducing the severity of vulnerabilities in vulnerability management life cycle?
Remediation
Vulnerability Assessment
Verification
Risk Assessment
The term that refers to the process of reducing the severity of vulnerabilities in vulnerability management life cycle is Remediation.
Remediation is the process of fixing or mitigating a vulnerability. This can be done by applying a patch, updating software, or changing configurations. The goal of remediation is to reduce the severity of a vulnerability so that it no longer poses a risk to the organization.
Vulnerability assessment is the process of identifying and classifying vulnerabilities. This is done by scanning systems and applications for known vulnerabilities. The goal of vulnerability assessment is to identify vulnerabilities that need to be remediated.
Verification is the process of ensuring that a vulnerability has been remediated. This is done by rescanning systems and applications to confirm that the vulnerabilities have been patched or updated.
Risk assessment is the process of evaluating the likelihood and impact of a vulnerability. This is done by considering the nature of the vulnerability, the assets that are at risk, and the potential impact of a successful attack. The goal of risk assessment is to identify vulnerabilities that pose the greatest risk to the organization.
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Under the Statute of Frauds, an oral promise to take on the debts of another is enforceable in some states. Can you think of any other activities that might be legally acceptable despite the fact that they are not in writing?
Under the Statute of Frauds, there are some activities that might be legally acceptable even though they are not in writing.
An oral promise to take on the debts of another is enforceable in some states.
Additionally, other activities that might be legally acceptable even though they are not in writing include:
Oral employment contracts. In some states, oral employment contracts that are less than a year long are legal.
Leases.
Short-term leases of one year or less do not require a written lease to be considered legal.
Agreements that cannot be performed within a year.
If an agreement cannot be performed within one year, it must be in writing.
Promissory Estoppel.
Promissory estoppel occurs when a promise is made without any written documentation.
This type of legal situation might arise when a person makes a promise to a business partner or a supplier.
This promise can be enforceable if the recipient relied on the promise and changed his position based on it.
Good faith and fair dealing.
Many states have laws in place that require parties to act in good faith and fair dealing in their business relationships.
This requirement does not require a written contract but rather an obligation to act with honesty and integrity.
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Some security consultants working in the financial domain are currently advising a client who is investigating a potential money-laundering scheme. The investigation thus far has indicated that n suspicious transactions took place in recent days, each involving money transferred into a single account. Unfortunately, the sketchy nature of the evidence to date means that they don’t know the identity of the account, the amounts of the transactions, or the exact times at which the transactions took place. What they do have is an approximate time-stamp for each transaction; the evidence indicates that transaction i took place at time ti ± ei, for some "margin of error" ei. (In other words, it took place sometime between ti – ei and ti + ei.) Note that different transactions may have different margins of error. In the last day or so, they’ve come across a bank account that (for other reasons we don’t need to go into here) they suspect might be the one involved in the crime. There are n recent events involving the account, which took place at times x1, x2, . . . , xn. To see whether it’s plausible that this really is the account they’re looking for, they’re wondering whether it’s possible to associate each of the account’s n events with a distinct one of the n suspicious transactions in such a way that, if the account event at time xi is associated with the suspicious transaction that occurred approximately at time tj, then |tj − xi| ≤ ej. (In other words, they want to know if the activity on the account lines up with the suspicious transactions to within the margin of error; the tricky part here is that they don’t know which account event to associate with which suspicious transaction.) Give an efficient algorithm that takes the given data and decides whether such an association exists. If possible, you should make the running time be at most O(n2). Kindly explain the procedure step by step with an algorithm
There is an efficient algorithm that takes the given data and decides whether such an association exists. If possible, you should make the running time be at most O(n2).
The problem can be solved using the greedy approach, and the algorithm can be designed to run at O(nlogn) time. We can start by sorting the transactions in ascending order and mapping the account activity to each transaction. After that, we can use the greedy approach to find the best mapping for each transaction.
The greedy approach works by assigning the account activity to the nearest transaction that has not been assigned yet. If we find a transaction that is too far from the nearest account activity, we mark it as unassigned and move on to the next transaction. If all transactions have been assigned, we have found a valid mapping. If we can’t assign all transactions, we do not have a valid mapping. The pseudocode for the algorithm is as follows:
Algorithm: Let T = {t1, t2, … tn} be the set of suspicious transactions and A = {a1, a2, … am} be the set of account activities. 1. Sort T and A in ascending order. 2. For each transaction ti in T, do the following: a. Find the account activity aj that is closest to ti, and such that aj is not already assigned to another transaction. b. If |ti – aj| ≤ ei, then assign aj to ti. Otherwise, mark ti as unassigned and move on to the next transaction. 3. If all transactions are assigned, return true. Otherwise, return false.
Example:
Let T = {t1, t2, t3} and A = {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5}.
Suppose the transactions took place at times: t1 = 2, t2 = 4, and t3 = 7.
Suppose the account activities took place at times: a1 = 1, a2 = 3, a3 = 6, a4 = 7, a5 = 8.
Suppose the margins of error are: e1 = 1, e2 = 1, and e3 = 2.
We can sort T and A as follows:
T = {t1, t2, t3} → {2, 4, 7}
A = {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5} → {1, 3, 6, 7, 8}
We can then find the best mapping for each transaction as follows:
For transaction t1, the closest account activity is a2. Since |t1 – a2| ≤ e1, we can assign a2 to t1.
For transaction t2, the closest account activity is a3. Since |t2 – a3| ≤ e2, we can assign a3 to t2.
For transaction t3, the closest account activity is a4. Since |t3 – a4| ≤ e3, we can assign a4 to t3.
Since all transactions have been assigned, we have found a valid mapping. Thus, the algorithm returns true.
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which of the following economic issues led to rebellions in most states, including the famous shays' rebellion?
Economic issues such as high taxes, debt, currency devaluation, and lack of government regulation led to rebellions in most states, including Shays' Rebellion.
The economic issues that led to rebellions in most states, including the famous Shays' Rebellion, were:
High taxes: The Articles of Confederation gave the federal government very little power to tax, so most of the taxes were levied by the states. These taxes were often high and burdensome, especially for farmers.
Debt: Many farmers were deeply in debt after the American Revolutionary War. They had borrowed money to buy land and supplies, and they were now struggling to repay their loans.
Currency devaluation: The value of the American currency was declining in the years after the war. This made it difficult for farmers to sell their crops and repay their debts.
Lack of government regulation: The Articles of Confederation gave the federal government very little power to regulate the economy. This led to speculation and fraud, which further hurt farmers and debtors.
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All else equal, an increase in the volatility of the underlying asset will cause call premiums to and cause put premiums to decrease; increase decrease; decrease increase; decrease increase; increase
When there is an increase in the volatility of the underlying asset, it results in an increase in the premiums for both call options and put options. This is due to the fact that as the volatility increases, the probability of the price of the underlying asset going up or down increases as well. However, due to the leverage provided by options, call premiums increase at a faster rate than put premiums.
This is because call options provide the option buyer with the right to buy the underlying asset at a fixed price, which can result in significant gains if the price of the asset increases significantly. Therefore, the increase in call premiums is a reflection of the increased likelihood of such gains. On the other hand, put options provide the option buyer with the right to sell the underlying asset at a fixed price, which results in significant gains if the price of the asset decreases significantly. As a result, the increase in put premiums is lower than that of call premiums as the probability of such significant gains is lower. Hence, an increase in the volatility of the underlying asset will cause call premiums to increase more than put premiums.
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Sofie was injured when his Shopsmith combination power tool threw off a piece of wood that struck her in the head. SHe sued the manufacturer, claiming that he had followed the product instructions and that the product must be defective. Would tort law applies here? Explain. NOTE: Support your answer with a minimum of three paragraphs.
Tort law would apply in this case as Sofie suffered an injury due to a defective product. To prove her case, Sofie would need to establish that the product was defective and that she had used the product in the manner intended by the manufacturer.
To prove her case, Sofie would need to establish that the Shopsmith combination power tool was defective and that this defect caused her injury. She would also need to prove that she had used the product in the manner intended by the manufacturer, as stated in the product instructions. If Sofie can establish these elements, she may be entitled to damages under tort law.
The manufacturer of the Shopsmith combination power tool may be liable for Sofie's injury if it can be shown that the product was defective in some way. This could include a design defect, a manufacturing defect, or a failure to warn of potential risks associated with the product. If the manufacturer knew or should have known of the defect and failed to take appropriate action to address it, they may be found liable under tort law.
In conclusion, Sofie has a valid claim under tort law if she can prove that her injury was caused by a defect in the Shopsmith combination power tool and that she had used the product in the manner intended by the manufacturer. The manufacturer may be held liable if it can be shown that they were aware of the defect and failed to take appropriate action to address it.
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Refer to Figure: Consumer. Suppose that a consumer is originally at point R. Then the price of good X decreases. Which of the following represents the substitution effect of the price decrease? a. the movement from point R to point S b. the movement from point R to point T c. the movement from point T to point S d. None of the above is correct.
The correct answer is b. The movement from point R to point T represents the substitution effect of the price decrease.
The substitution effect refers to the change in consumption patterns that occurs when the price of a good changes while the consumer's real income remains constant. In this scenario, the consumer is originally at point R and the price of good X decreases.
To determine the substitution effect of the price decrease, we need to identify the movement from point R to another point on the graph.
- Option a: The movement from point R to point S represents the income effect, not the substitution effect. The income effect occurs when the consumer's real income changes due to a change in price.
- Option b: The movement from point R to point T represents the substitution effect. As the price of good X decreases, the consumer is now able to purchase more of good X relative to other goods. This leads to a movement along the indifference curve from point R to point T, showing the substitution effect of the price decrease.
- Option c: The movement from point T to point S represents the income effect, not the substitution effect.
Therefore, the correct answer is b. The movement from point R to point T represents the substitution effect of the price decrease.
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In an effort to increase employment by stimulating investment spending, policymakers would
a. sell bonds.
b. purchase US government bonds on the open market.
c. increase the federal funds rate.
d. increase government spending.
e. increase transfer payments.
The most relevant options for policymakers aiming to increase employment and stimulate investment spending would be to increase government spending (d) and increase transfer payments (e).
In an effort to increase employment by stimulating investment spending, policymakers would typically consider options such as:
d. Increase government spending: By increasing government spending on infrastructure projects, education, healthcare, or other sectors, policymakers can create job opportunities and stimulate investment in the economy. This can lead to increased economic activity and potentially higher employment levels.
e. Increase transfer payments: Increasing transfer payments, such as unemployment benefits, welfare programs, or social security payments, can provide individuals with additional income. This, in turn, can increase their spending power and stimulate demand for goods and services, thereby potentially boosting investment and employment.
Selling bonds (a) and purchasing US government bonds on the open market (b) are monetary policy tools rather than fiscal policy tools. While they can influence interest rates and the overall economy, they are not directly targeted at increasing employment.
Increasing the federal funds rate (c) is a monetary policy tool used by central banks to control inflation and manage the money supply. It is not specifically aimed at increasing employment or investment spending. In fact, increasing the federal funds rate may have the opposite effect by making borrowing more expensive and potentially reducing investment.
Therefore, the most relevant options for policymakers aiming to increase employment and stimulate investment spending would be to increase government spending (d) and increase transfer payments (e).
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Steve Pratt, who is single, purchased a home in Riverside, California, for $432,500. He moved into the home on February 1 of year 1. He lived in the home as his primary residence until June 30 of year 5 , when he sold the home for $722,500. Note: Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable. Required: a. What amount of gain will Steve be required to recognize on the sale of the home? b. Assume the original facts, except that the home is Steve's vacation home and he vacations there four months each year. Steve does not ever rent the home to others. What gain must Steve recognize on the home sale? c. Assume the original facts, except that Steve married Giuseppina on February 1 of year 3 and the couple lived in the home until they sold it in June of year 5 . Under state law, Steve owned the home by himself. How much gain must Steve and Giuseppina recognize on the sale (assume they file a joint return in year 5)? Celia has been married to Daryl for 69 years. The couple has lived in their current home for the last 20 years. In October of year 0 , Daryl passed away. Celia sold their home and moved into a condominium. What is the maximum exclusion Celia is entitled to if she sells the home on December 15 of year 1 ?
a) What amount of gain will Steve be required to recognize on the sale of the home Gain on sale of home: Sales price ($722,500) Less: Cost basis (432,500) Amount realized ($290,000)Less: Exclusion (250,000) Taxable gain$40,000b) Assume the original facts, except that the home is Steve's vacation home and he vacations there four months each year.
Steve does not ever rent the home to others. To calculate the taxable gain, we must determine the fraction of time the home was used as a vacation home. Here, the vacation home was used four out of 12 months, or 1/3 of the time. Gain on sale of home: Sales price ($722,500)Less:
Cost basis ($432,500)Amount realized ($290,000)Less: Exclusion (0)Taxable gain$290,000Taxable gain × Vacation home use fraction × Use test factor= $290,000 × 1/3 × 0.5= $48,333c) Assume the original facts, except that Steve married Giuseppina on February 1 of year 3, and the couple lived in the home until they sold it in June of year 5.
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In a country such as South Africa, the most important characteristic of the business world in which it operates includes. a. the freedom of individuals to establish any business of their choice b. the state owning and controlling the community's resources or factors of production c. the limited choice of products and services that the state offers d. the allocation of resources which are not affected by free markets
The country has a relatively free-market economy, which means that resources are allocated according to supply and demand and are not affected by the state
In a country such as South Africa, the most important characteristic of the business world in which it operates is the freedom of individuals to establish any business of their choice.
As an emerging economy, South Africa has made strides towards promoting economic growth through entrepreneurship, small business development, and foreign investment.
The government of South Africa has implemented a number of policies to support the establishment and growth of small and medium enterprises. These include the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA), which provides training, advisory services, and funding support to entrepreneurs.
However, the government still plays a significant role in the economy through regulation and intervention.
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which of the following is a risk management strategy where you place the responsibiility of loss due to a risk onto antoher
When assigning responsibilities for monitoring risk mitigation plans, the following criteria is most important: To properly assess the monitoring process, those doing the monitoring must hear from those close to the risks/controls. The correct option is A.
This criterion emphasizes the importance of obtaining input and feedback from individuals who are directly involved in or have knowledge of the risks and controls being monitored. By involving those close to the risks and controls, the monitoring process can gather valuable insights, identify potential issues or gaps, and ensure a comprehensive assessment of risk mitigation efforts.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
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The complete question might be:
When assigning responsibilities for monitoring risk mitigation plans, which of the following criteria is most important?
a. To properly assess the monitoring process, those doing the monitoring must hear from those close to the risks/ controls
b. Monitoring should focus on established, not emerging, risks
c. To insure an independent attitude, monitoring responsibility should be limited to higher levels rather than at levels where detailed processes occur
d. Those with monitoring responsibility can generally minimize consideration of cost-benefit analysis