Answer:
what is botany .and scope of botany
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Succession is the process of gradual change through adaptation from one community to another.
What is succession?Succession or ecological succession is the process whereby the community of plants and animals occupying a particular habitat gradually changes.
The community of plants and animals living in a particular habitat keeps changing because the habitat itself keeps changing. Thus, organisms living in the habitat have to keep adapting to the changing habitat.
However, if there are no major disruptions to the changing community, it eventually reaches a point whereby very little to no changes occur again. Such a community is known as a climax community.
Succession can be primary or secondary. Primary succession starts from the scratch in a place that has never held life before that just got newly colonized with life. Secondary succession happens when a community undergoing primary succession experiences a major disruption.
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Sequence and model each step in the replication of a DNA
molecule. Write about what happens, and draw a DNA molecule going through each step. In the last box, describe and draw the products of replication.
The sequence and model each step in the replication of a DNA
molecule are:
a) the DNA unzips
b) the nucleotides in the cell attach to the unzipped chains
How is DNA replicated?The act of replicating one double-stranded DNA molecule into two additional ones is known as replication. One of a cell's most fundamental functions is the replication of its DNA. Opening the double helix and separating the DNA strands, priming the template strand, and putting together the new DNA segment are the three main phases in the replication process.
The DNA double helix uncoils its two strands at a site known as the origin during separation. The strands are subsequently primed, or made ready, for replication by a number of proteins and enzymes. The construction of the new DNA strands is then orchestrated by a unique enzyme known as DNA polymerase.
The other steps involved are:
c) the molecule continues to unzip, and the nucleotides continue to join
d) two new DNA molecules form, each containing one parental and one new strand.
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Several body systems work together to regulate the pH of body fluids within a very narrow range. Click to select the problems that can occur when the pH of body fluids gets too high (alkalosis) or too low (acidosis). Reduced function of blood transport proteins Hypertension Fatigue Decreased rate of chemical reactions Dizziness Fishy body odor
Answer:yea
Explanation:
no
individuals iii-3 and iii-4 are expecting their first child when they become aware that they both have a family history of this recessive condition. as their genetic counselor, you can calculate the probability that they are carriers and that their child will be affected with the condition. complete each statement by dragging the correct label to the appropriate location. labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
The probability that they are carriers and that their child will be affected with the condition is 2/3, 1/2, 1/12
As you can see the below image you get clarity about the probability of child for individuals iii3 and iii4 .The probability of him inheriting an r from either parent is 1/2 .so that means 2/3 of the options involve him being a carrier.Only rr genotype is affected, so the probability is 1:4. However, there is only 1/2 probability that their mother is affected and 1/2 that their father is. To work out their probability based on this we have to multiply the probabilities: 2/3 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/12.
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the ear canal ends at a tightly stretched membrane called the cochlea. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
The tympanic membrane is also called the eardrum. Separates the outer ear from the middle ear. When sound waves reach the tympanic membrane, they cause it to vibrate.
The cochlea (auditory inner ear) transforms sound into a neural message. The function of the cochlea is to transform the vibrations of the cochlear fluids and associated structures into a neural signal. At the end of the ear canal is the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin membrane that separates the ear canal from the middle ear. The eardrum is attached to a part of the first hearing bone called the malleus. The ear canal and eardrum are covered with skin just like the skin on the outside of the body. The basilar membrane is a rigid structural element within the cochlea of the inner ear that separates two fluid-filled tubes that run along the spiral of the cochlea, the scala media and scala tympani.
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lacey conducted a study on how black bear activity is affected by the number of humans around the bears' habitat. she determined that the relationship had a weak, negative association. she concluded that more humans around caused the black bear activity to decrease. is her conclusion valid? explai
Lacey found a weak, negative connection. Thus, black bear activity is not directly related to human density. Human numbers might indirectly impact black bear behaviour by affecting other aspects. Bears may assault less if they have more food.
What are some of the limiting factors that a black bear encounters?Lacey found that there was a tenuous, unfavourable link between the two. This indicates that there is not a significant, direct correlation between the presence of people and the activity of black bears. This is due to the fact that an increase in human population may change other variables that directly or indirectly influence black bear activity.
The most important limiting variables for black bears are those that have an impact on the food supply, which might change both seasonally and yearly. The biological carrying capacity of environments close to people may sometimes sustain more black bears than the local population is ready to accept as neighbours.
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What is the most important reason a cell exhibits tight transcriptional control over the regulation of gene expression?.
Limiting the amount of mRNA that is generated from a specific gene regulates transcription. The translation of mRNA into proteins is regulated by post-transcriptional processes, which constitute the second level of regulation.
What does transcriptional regulation refer to?A crucial biological mechanism known as transcriptional regulation enables a cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular inputs, determine a cell's identity throughout development, maintain it over the course of its existence, and coordinate cellular activity.
What transcriptional activity is there?These genetic alterations generate a luciferase gene that has been destabilized and contains an ARE sequence for mRNA instability and a PEST sequence for proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
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in the e-test, the zone of inhibition is elliptical around the plastic strips impregnated with antibiotics. what information do you get when you know the point at which the bacterial growth touches the strip?
The information that we get when we know that the point at which the bacterial growth touches the strip is you know the concentration of a chemical that bacteria are resistant to.
According to the e-test, when the bacterial growth touches the strips then this means that they are growing in the zone of inhibition. Only those bacteria can grow in the zone of inhibition that is resistant to the particular antibiotic.
Hence, when the bacterial growth touches the strip we get to know the concentration of bacteria that have moved to the zone of inhibition and still managed to grow. This causes the bacteria to grow in resistant environments.
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the increase in girth associated with production of wood and bark in trees occurs as a consequence of a) indeterminate growth. b) primary growth. c) secondary growth. d) apical meristem growth
The girth associated with production of wood and bark in trees occurs as a consequence of increases are c) secondary growth.
There are many vascular flowers, secondary increase is the end result of the pastime of the 2 lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium. Arising from lateral meristems, secondary increase will increase the girth of the plant root or stem, as opposed to its length. So, an appropriate solution is 'Lateral meristem'.
Secondary increase is characterised via way of means of an boom in thickness or girth of the plant. It is due to mobileular department withinside the lateral meristem. Herbaceous flowers frequently go through number one increase, with little secondary increase or boom in thickness.
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3) the seed coat's most important function is to provide a) a nonstressful environment for the megasporangium. b) the means for dispersal. c) dormancy. d) a nutrient supply for the embryo. e) desiccation resistance.
The function of the seed coat is to protect the inner workings of the seed hence, the answer is e) desiccation resistance.
The outer coating that protects a seed is known as the seed coat. Numerous varieties of seeds are included by the definition of seed coat. Distinct types of seeds have different seed coats that can seem different. Seed coatings can be more robust and thick or more delicate and thin depending on the type of seed. For instance, coconut seeds have a lot thicker, more durable seed coat than bean seeds, which have a much thinner seed coat. Seeds come in both light and dark shades. Cream, black, green, yellow, and brown are among the colours. The interior seed structures receive information about environmental stressors from the seed coat as well. Typically, when seeds identify the ideal circumstances for water, light, moisture, and temperature, the seed coat cracks. The embryo appears from the seed once it has opened.
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If animals that are normally seasonal are kept in a laboratory and receive no information about changes in day length or temperature (i.e. housed in constant dark), their circannual rhythms will
become free-running
The correct option is B ; become free running , If animals that are normally seasonal are kept in a laboratory and receive no information about changes in day length or temperature become free running .
The circadian rhythm typically consists of a 24-hour cycle for most people. Some people's endogenous or natural rhythms, however, do not correspond to this 24-hour period.
For instance, those who are blind and unable to distinguish between natural and artificial light frequently experience free-running sleep patterns.
The typical effects of exposure to heat or cold are an increase in wakefulness and a decrease in slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep. Thermoregulation, which affects the mechanism regulating sleep, is strongly correlated with these effects of the thermal environment on sleep stages.
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Full Question
If animals that are normally seasonal are kept in a laboratory and receive no information about changes in day length or temperature (i.e. housed in constant dark), their circannual rhythms will
a. persist, with a period of 365 days.
b. become free-running.
c. disappear.
d. persist, but only in females.
Which change would cause a shift to the left in the oxygen-hemoglobin binding curve?.
Factors like a decrease in temperature and a CO2 increase in pH could cause a shift to the left in the oxygen-hemoglobin binding curve.
An enhanced oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is shown by a left shift, reducing the amount of oxygen that is available to the tissues.
The curve swings to the left as pH rises. This happens as a result of a shift in amino acid residues brought on by a higher hydrogen ion concentration, which stabilizes deoxyhemoglobin in a state (the T state) with a decreased affinity for oxygen.
The curve moves to the left as CO2 levels drop; CO2 has two effects on the curve. First, as CO2 builds up, carbamino molecules are produced. These compounds bind to oxygen to form carbaminohaemoglobin. Deoxyhaemoglobin is stabilized in the T state by carbaminohaemoglobin.
The curve shifts to the right when the temperature rises and to the left when the temperature falls. Thermostats do not have a significant impact, but hypothermia and hyperthermia cases also show the effects.
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which can result from aldosterone hypersecretion or renal failure? multiple choice question. hypovolemia dehydration hypotonic hydration volume excess
hypovolemia can cause result from aldosterone hypersecretion or renal failure
A state of low extracellular fluid volume known as hypovolemia is typically caused by coupled salt and water loss. To maintain homeostasis, all living things must keep their fluid balances in check. At about 50% to 60% of the total weight, water is the most prevalent fluid in the body. The extracellular fluid (ECF), which makes up about 25–45% of total body water, and the intracellular fluid (ICF), which makes up 55%–75% of total body water, are further divided. The intravascular and extravascular (interstitial) spaces make up the remainder of the ECF. ECF is the component that can be measured more easily because arterial blood pressure can be used to estimate it.
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Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms can combine to form
a monosaccharide. Many monosaccharides can combine
to form a large carbohydrate.
Which sentence is true?
A. The monosaccharides are macromolecules, and the large
carbohydrate is a monomer.
B. The monosaccharides are monomers, and the large carbohydrate
is a macromolecule.
C. The monosaccharides are atoms, and the large carbohydrate is a
monomer.
D. The monosaccharides are monomers, and the large carbohydrate
is an atom.
According to the research, the correct answer is Option B. The monosaccharides are monomers, and the large carbohydrate is a macromolecule.
What are monomers?They are molecules that have a low molecular mass and are joined through chemical bonds to form a polymer, which is a macromolecule.
In this sense, monosaccharides, meanwhile, are the monomers of carbohydrates.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, monosaccharides are the monomers of so-called carbohydrates, which are also known as polysaccharides.
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q3.2. do you think this population of snails will evolve as predators start eating them? why or why not?
No, the population will not evolve toward thicker shells, because there is no variation in shell thickness. so there weren't any snails that were more or less difficult to eat.
The term "population" refers to all citizens who are either permanently residing in a nation or are just temporarily absent from it. This indicator displays the population of a given area on a regular basis. Growth rates are the yearly changes in population brought on by births, deaths, and net migration. The mean calculated from the total group, distribution, or population.
In broad terms, a snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most frequently used to refer to land snails, which are pulmonate gastropod molluscs. When used in this broad meaning, the word "snail" refers to many different kinds of freshwater and marine snails in addition to land snails.
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Carbohydrates are a type of biological macromolecules required to carry out life functions.
The Carbohydrates are a type of biological macromolecules required to carry out life functions is true.
There are five primary competencies of carbohydrates withinside the human body. They are strength production, strength storage, building macromolecules, sparing protein, and supporting in lipid metabolism.
Carbohydrates are a hard and fast of macromolecules which is probably a vital strength deliver for the mobileular, provide structural resource to many organisms, and can be placed on the ground of the mobileular as receptors or for mobileular recognition. A carbohydrate is an herbal compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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a mixture of ddntps and dntps is used in sanger sequencing. which of the following statement is correct?
When added to a growing chain, dNTPs prevent DNA synthesis because they lack a hydroxyl group in the 3' position.
What is Sanger sequencing?
The "chain termination method," often known as Sanger sequencing, is a technique for figuring out the nucleotide sequence of DNA. The Sanger Sequence is a technique that was created in 1977 by two-time Nobel laureate Frederick Sanger and his colleagues.
The Sanger sequencing process consists of three key phases.
DNA SEQUENCE FOR ENDING CHAIN PCR
Chain-termination PCR is a unique form of PCR that uses the DNA sequence of interest as a template. While chain-termination PCR functions similarly to normal PCR, it differs significantly in that modified nucleotides (dNTPs) known as dideoxy ribonucleotides are added (ddNTPs).
ELECTROPHORESIS OF GEL TO SEPARATE SIZE
The second stage involves separating the chain-terminated oligonucleotides by size using gel electrophoresis. The oligonucleotides will be drawn toward the positive electrode on the other side of the gel in gel electrophoresis because DNA is negatively charged. DNA samples are placed into one end of a gel matrix and an electric current is applied.
DNA SEQUENCE DETERMINATION & GEL ANALYSIS
The final step consists of simply reading the gel to ascertain the input DNA sequence. Each terminal ddNTP will match a specific nucleotide in the original sequence as DNA polymerase only creates DNA in the 5' to 3' direction beginning at a supplied primer.
Hence, When added to a growing chain, dNTPs prevent DNA synthesis because they lack a hydroxyl group in the 3' position.
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what part of the inner ear houses the receptor organ of hearing, the spiral organ (organ of corti)? what part of the inner ear houses the receptor organ of hearing, the spiral organ (organ of corti)? a b c d
The cochlea contains the inner ear organ known as the Organ of Corti, which aids in hearing.
Hearing is facilitated by the cochlea's Organ of Corti, an inner ear structure.The Organ of Corti is made up of three rows of outer hair cells and one row of inner hair cells.Stereocilia of these hair cells are bent by electromechanical vibrations caused by sound waves.The hair cells convert mechanical energy into electrical energy that is sent to the central nervous system via the auditory nerve in order to facilitate audition.On the surface of the basilar membrane, sensory hair cells are arranged in neat rows that generate nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.
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_________ is the heritable variation among individuals of a single population or within the species as
a whole.
A) Species diversity
B) Genetic diversity
C) Natural selection
D) Coevolution
E) Extirpation
Answer: Genetic Diversity
Explanation:
If bicoid mrna is injected at the anterior end of an egg from a bicoid mutant mother, what would the phenotype of the resulting larva be?.
The larva would be normal if bicoid mRNA was injected at the anterior end of an egg from a bicoid mutant mother.
A larva is a different juvenile form many animals go through before transformation into men. Bicoid (Bcd) controls rudimentary deoxyribonucleic acid expression by transcriptional incitement and translational constraint.
Both functions demand the homeodomain (HD), which identifies DNA patterns at aim gene enhancers and a particular order break in the 3' untranslated region of Caudal (CAD) mRNA. Bicoid protein represses the rewording of posterior mRNA and improves the transcription of beginning breach genes containing hunchback, orthodenticle, and buttonhead.
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Which of these RNA polymerases catalyze the synthesis of rRNA in eukaryotes?A) RNA polymerase IB) RNA polymerase IIC) RNA polymerase IIID) RNA polymerase IV
In eukaryotes, three RNA polymerases are involved in the transcription of nuclear genes: RNA polymerase (pol) I synthesizes large rRNA, pol II synthesizes mRNA, and pol III synthesizes tRNA and 5S rRNA.
Eukaryotic cells have three unique nuclear RNA polymerases that transcribe various gene types. RNA polymerase II transcribes protein-coding genes to produce mRNAs; RNA polymerases I and III transcribe ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs).
RNA Polymerase I is a ribosomal RNA transcription enzyme. RNA Polymerase II is an enzyme that transcribes mRNA precursors. RNA Polymerase III is a tRNA transcription enzyme. Except for the 5S rRNA component, it transcribes all rRNAs.
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the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus is the a. axon. b. dendrite. c. synapse. d. cell body.
The cell body is the portion of the neuron that houses the nucleus.
The oval-shaped, membrane-bound nucleus of a neuron is located in the soma, or body, of the neuron. It has the nucleolus and chromosomes, which are essential for the cell's programmed protein production. Ribosomes are made by the nucleolus of the nucleus. The lengthy strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which are used to make chromosomes, contain the genetic code for an organism. DNA is made up of two long strands that are linked together in a helical pattern. When a chromosome's subunits (genes) are activated, messenger ribonucleic acid is produced (mRNA). The information found in the gene is duplicated in the mRNA. A ribosome is where mRNA attaches after exiting the nucleus and acting as a template for the synthesis of a protein molecule.
Depending on their function and location, neurons differ in size, shape, and structure. A cell body, an axon, and dendrites are the three fundamental components of nearly all neurons.
Sensory and motor neurons that are myelinated are normally found in the peripheral nerves, whereas non-myelinated neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord. nerve ends or dendrites.
The right response is, therefore, option D.
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What might plant cells do with the sugars made during photosynthesis?
_____________________________
Plant cells are the basic unit of life in organisms of the kingdom Plantae. They are eukaryotic cells, which have a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out different functions. Plant cells have special organelles called chloroplasts, which create sugars during the process of photosynthesis.Plants use the energy of the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into a sugar called glucose. Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose and starch. Cellulose is used in building cell walls, meanwhile starch is stored in seeds and other plant parts as a food source.In conclusion to this, it is likely that once the plant cells have forged the sugars during photosynthesis, they will send the necessary amount of sugars to the mitochondria, where in which it will be broken down to produce energy (ATP).
^(NOTE)^: Mitochondrion (mi-to-chon-dri-on) is an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).________________________________________________________
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1. the glms ribozyme is a unique strategy for regulating the production of glcn6p. precisely what is the ribozyme controlling?
Glms ribozyme stands for glucosamine 6 phosphate riboswitch ribozyme. It is used in metabolic pathway and the ribozyme controlling is glucosamine 6 phosphate riboswitch.
Summary, the glmS ribozyme is a small-molecule-structured catalytic RNA this is substantial amongst Gram-superb bacteria, wherein it regulates a key metabolic pathway. It employs the small molecule GlcN6P now no longer to facilitate folding, however as a part of the lively site, as a cofactor or coenzyme.
The GlmS ribozyme is thought to take advantage of a fashionable acid-base catalytic mechanism withinside the presence of glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) to boost up self-cleavage via way of means of about six orders of magnitude. Glms ribozyme stands for glucosamine 6 phosphate riboswitch ribozyme.
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1) what is the nucleophile in the reaction catalyzed by dna polymerase? why is this significant for the initiation of dna synthesis?
if a mutation occurs in the somatic tissue, approximately how many of the gametes will carry the mutation?
None: Only those mutations that occur in the germ line and result in gametes will have a chance of being passed on to progeny. An alteration in DNA that occurs after conception.
Somatic mutations can occur in any of the body's cells except germ cells (sperm and egg) and are therefore not passed on to children. These alterations can (but not always) cause cancer or other diseases. Mutations in somatic cells are called somatic mutations. Because they do not occur in the cells that give rise to gametes, the mutation is not transmitted to the next generation sexually. Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes: 22 pairs and 2 sex chromosomes that may or may not form a pair. This is the 2n or diploid condition. Human gametes have 23 chromosomes, each of 23 unique chromosomes, one of which is a sex chromosome. Somatic cells are the cells in the body other than sperm and eggs (called germ cells). In humans, somatic cells are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. Mutations in a somatic cell occur in somatic cells and are transmitted by mitosis, resulting in cancer. However, mutations in a gamete are passed on by meiosis, resulting in mutated offspring. A genetic mutation occurs during DNA replication, and chromosomal mutations occur during meiosis.
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if an organic nerve toxin (acting at the neuromuscular junction) renders the ion channel of postsunaptic actetylcholine receptors permenently open, the toxin would most likely to
It causes prolonged depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are postsynaptic potentials that increase the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire an action potential in neuroscience. By allowing positively charged ions to enter the postsynaptic cell, ligand-gated ion channels open, causing a brief depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane potential. These are the opposite of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), which are often caused by the movement of either positive or negative ions into or out of cells. While IPSPs are occasionally brought on by an increase in positive charge outflow, EPSPs can also come from a reduction in positive charge outflow. Excitatory postsynaptic current is the ion flow that creates an EPSP (EPSC).
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When did scientists first begin transferring mrna from one species into the cells of a different species?.
In 1961, the scientists whilst Brenners first begin transferring mRNA from one species into the cells of a different species.
It began out in 1961, whilst Brenner and associates defined the presence of an volatile intermediate molecule that copies the statistics encoded via way of means of the DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins: RNA.
The institution round Brenner labored with virus-inflamed cells and analysed the gene expression. They concluded that the protein-encoding statistics isn't found in solid ribosomal RNA. Instead, a brief RNA molecule acts as a transcript of the genetic code. This RNA turned into termed messenger RNA (mRNA). Ribosomes synthesise proteins in step with the statistics dictated via way of means of mRNA (Brenner et al., 1961).
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During fermentation, most of the pyruvate produced during glycolysis is used to convert nadh to?.
Reduced NADH from glycolysis is utilized during fermentation to decrease pyruvate. Reduced pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol.
How does fermentation affect NADH?In the course of fermentation, the NADH + H+ produced during glycolysis will be recycled back into NAD+, allowing glycolysis to proceed. NAD+ is converted into NADH + H+ during the glycolysis process. Glycolysis won't be able to proceed if NAD+ isn't present.
What function does NADH, a byproduct of glycolysis, serve?NADH helps with the oxidation of glucose by contributing to oxidation in cell processes like glycolysis. In the process of aerobic cellular respiration, the TCA cycle provides the energy stored in this reduced coenzyme NADH, which fuels the electron transport activity in the membranes of mitochondria.
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Which reservoir receives most of the carbon from industrial combustion, the burning of fossil fuels?.
The oceans are, via way of means of far, the biggest reservoir of carbon, observed via way of means of geological reserves of fossil fuels, the terrestrial surface (plans and soil), and the atmosphere.
The biggest reservoir of the Earth's carbon is placed withinside the deep-ocean, with 37,000 billion heaps of carbon stored, while about 65,500 billion heaps are discovered withinside the globe. Carbon flows among every reservoir through the carbon cycle, which has sluggish and speedy components.
Rocks like limestone and fossil fuels like coal and oil are garage reservoirs that incorporate carbon from flowers and animals that lived tens of thousands and thousands of years ago. When those organisms died, sluggish geologic strategies trapped their carbon and converted it into those herbal resources.
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