Which is the solubility product expression for pbcl2(s)

Answer:

Troposphere

Explanation:

The troposphere is the lowest layer in the atmosphere, and where all the weather occurs. After the troposphere, there's the stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

I hope this helps!

Answer:

Troposphere is the lowest layer of the earths atmosphere.

Explanation:

Answer:

The displacement reactions are regarded as redox reactions because they involve the formal transfer of electrons from one chemical specie to the other

2) The series of reactivity of the metals in the order of increasing reactivity are;

           ↓

           ↓

Explanation:

1) Redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction is a chemical reaction involving the loss and gain of electrons from one chemical species to another, where the chemical species that undergoes oxidation, loses electrons and is termed the reducing agent, while the other chemical species that undergoes reduction, gains electrons, and is termed the oxidizing agent

2) The redox reaction can being based on the affinity for electrons depends on the positions of the reactants in the electrochemical series as well as the chemical reactivity of the metals with zinc being a stronger reducing agent and more chemically reactive than copper and magnesium being a stronger reducing agent and more chemically reactive than zinc

Least  reactive (Cu)  <     (Zn)        < Mg Most reactive

Copper                     <      Zinc       < Magnesium.

Answer:

Mineral water> Bitter gourd juice> Orange juice> Hydrochloric acid

Explanation:

pH is referred to as the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. The pH scale is arranged from 0-14. Substance with a pH of 0-6.9 are acid, a pH of 7 indicates neutrality while a pH of 8-14 indicates alkalinity.

Mineral water is usually slightly acidic with a pH between 5-6. The pH of bitter gourd juice is between 4.24-4.45. The pH of orange juice ranges between 3.3 to 4.2 lastly, the pH of hydrochloric acid is about 3.01.

The pH values itemized above informed the arrangement of decreasing pH values shown in the answer box.

Answer:

The statement "The total mass of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide will result in the same total mass of sodium chloride and water." is true due to the Law of Conservation of Mass which states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed.

The correct answer to the question is: The total mass of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide will result in the same total mass of sodium chloride and water.

Chemical equation is backed up by the law of conservation of matter (mass) which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one form to the other.

Thus,

The total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of products.

For example: let us consider the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to produce water

2H₂ = 2(2×1) = 2(2) = 4 g

O₂ = 2 × 16 = 32 g

2H₂O = 2[(2×1) + 16]

= 2[2 + 16]

= 2[18]

Thus,

From the above illustration, we can conclude that the total mass of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide will result in the same total mass of sodium chloride and water.

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Answer:

mushroom

mold

spore cases

hyphae

fungus

Answer:

The required volume of water the student needs is 4.9 litres of water

Explanation:

From the diagram related to the question, we have;

The dimensions of the tank are;

Length of tank = 24.0 cm = 0.24 m

Width of tank = 21.0 cm = 0.21 m

Depth of tank = 13.0 cm. = 0.13 m

Allowance provided between the top of the tank and the top of the water = 2.0 cm

Diameter of the round bottom flask, D = 10.5 cm = 0.105 m

Therefore, the radius of the round bottom flask, r = 0.105/2 = 0.0525 m

Therefore we have;

Depth of water in the tank = Depth of tank - Allowance provided between the top of the tank and the top of the water

∴ Depth of water in the tank = 13.0 - 2.0 = 11.0 cm = 0.11 m

Given that the flask is immersed in the water contained in the tank to raise the tank water level, we have;

Volume of water + Volume of flask in the tank = Length of tank × Width of tank × Depth of water in the tank

Volume of water + Volume of flask in the tank =  0.24 × 0.21 × 0.11 = 0.005544 m³ = 0.005544 m³× 1000 l/m³ = 5.544 l

The volume of the spherical flask = 4/3·π·r³ = 4/3·π·0.0525³ = 6.06×10⁻⁴ m³ = 6.06×10⁻⁴ m³ × 1000 l/m³ = 0.606 l

The required volume of water the student needs , V = Volume of water + Volume of flask in the tank - The volume of the spherical flask = 5.544 l - 0.606 l = 4.9 l.

Answer:

You are not supposed t9 be cheating

Explanation:

Answer:

ΔT = 0.116 °C

Explanation:

Using Formula

Q = mc ΔT

Where Q = 0.360, c = 4.184 and m = 0.7402

ΔT = Q/mc

ΔT = 0.360/ (4.184)(0.7402)

ΔT = 0.360 / 3.097

ΔT = 0.116 °C

So, The change in Temperature/Increase in Temperature is 0.116 °C

Answer:

B and BBr3

Explanation:

1) 3HBr + B = BBr3 + H2 (double all equation because H2)

2) 6HBr + 2B = 2BBr3 + 3H2

Answer:  A. 28

If we aren't talking about an isotope, then the number of neutrons and the number of protons in the nucleus are the same. Each proton weighs one atomic unit, and the same can be said about a neutron as well. So half of the weight is from the protons and half is from the neutrons. The electrons are extremely small relative to the protons that their weight is negligible.

Answer:

(i) rusting is caused by the reaction of oxygen and water on the surface of metals(iron).

(ii) rusting of iron makes it weak and dangerous for buildings since their foundation is made of iron, rusting renders cars useless, rusting can cause accidents.

(iii) by galvanizing iron

and by coating it.

Explanation:

hope it helps .

Answer:

1.68 atm.

Explanation:

Given:

P1 = 4.23atm

V1 = 1870 mL

T1 = 293K

P2 = ?

V2 = 6.01 L = 6010 mL

T2 = 373 K

Assuming number of moles and R is constant:

[tex]\frac{P1V1}{T1} = \frac{P2V2}{T2}[/tex]

⇒ P2 = [tex]\frac{P1V1T2}{T1V2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{2,950,467.3}{1,760,930}[/tex]

= 1.68 atm.

Answer:

-169°C to -104°C

Explanation:

Ethene, also known as ethylene exists in solid, liquid and gaseous states. Ethene is an aliens with condensed structural formula C2H4. Athens is a colourless gas. It is flammable and is also a sweet smelling gas in its pure form. It is the monomer in the production of polyethylene which is of great importance in the plastic industry. In agriculture, it is used to induce the ripening of fruits. It can be hydrated in order to produce ethanol.

The liquid range of ethene refers to the temperatures at which ethene is found in the liquid state of matter. It is actually the difference between the melting point and the boiling points of ethene. Hence the liquid range of ethene is -169°C to -104°C

Answer:

Sodium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula Na2S, or more commonly its hydrate Na2S·9H2O. Both the anhydrous and the hydrated salts are colorless solids. They are water-soluble, giving strongly alkaline solutions. When exposed to moist air, Na2S and its hydrates emit hydrogen sulfide, which smells like rotten eggs. Some commercial samples are specified as Na2S·xH2O, where a weight percentage of Na2S is specified. Commonly available grades have around 60% Na2S by weight, which means that x is around 3. Such technical grades of sodium sulfide have a yellow appearance owing to the presence of polysulfides. These grades of sodium sulfide are marketed as 'sodium sulfide flakes'.

Contents

1 Structure

2 Production

3 Reactions with inorganic reagents

4 Uses

4.1 Reagent in organic chemistry

5 Safety

6 References

Structure

Na2S adopts the antifluorite structure,[2][3] which means that the Na+ centers occupy sites of the fluoride in the CaF2 framework, and the larger S2− occupy the sites for Ca2+.

Production

Industrially Na2S is produced by carbothermic reduction of sodium sulfate often using coal:[4]

Na2SO4 + 2 C → Na2S + 2 CO2

In the laboratory, the salt can be prepared by reduction of sulfur with sodium in anhydrous ammonia, or by sodium in dry THF with a catalytic amount of naphthalene (forming sodium naphthalenide):[5]

2 Na + S → Na2S

Reactions with inorganic reagents

The sulfide ion in sulfide salts such as sodium sulfide can incorporate a proton into the salt by protonation:

S2−

+  H+ → SH−

Because of this capture of the proton ( H+), sodium sulfide has basic character. Sodium sulfide is strongly basic, able to absorb two protons. Its conjugate acid is sodium hydrosulfide (SH−

). An aqueous solution contains a significant portion of sulfide ions that are singly protonated.

S2−

+ H

2O {\displaystyle {\ce {<=>>}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {<=>>}}} SH−

+  OH−

(1)

SH−

+ H

2O {\displaystyle {\ce {<<=>}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {<<=>}}} H

2S +  OH−

(2)

Sodium sulfide is unstable in the presence of water due to the gradual loss of hydrogen sulfide into the atmosphere.

When heated with oxygen and carbon dioxide, sodium sulfide can oxidize to sodium carbonate and sulfur dioxide:

2 Na2S + 3 O2 + 2 CO

2 → 2 Na2CO3 + 2 SO2

Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide gives sodium sulfate:[6]

Na2S + 4 H2O2 → 4 H

2O + Na2SO4

Upon treatment with sulfur, polysulfides are formed:

2 Na2S + S8 → 2 Na2S5

Uses

Sodium sulfide is primarily used in the kraft process in the pulp and paper industry.

It is used in water treatment as an oxygen scavenger agent and also as a metals precipitant; in chemical photography for toning black and white photographs; in the textile industry as a bleaching agent, for desulfurising and as a dechlorinating agent; and in the leather trade for the sulfitisation of tanning extracts. It is used in chemical manufacturing as a sulfonation and sulfomethylation agent. It is used in the production of rubber chemicals, sulfur dyes and other chemical compounds. It is used in other applications including ore flotation, oil recovery, making dyes, and detergent. It is also used during leather processing, as an unhairing agent in the liming operation.

Reagent in organic chemistry

Alkylation of sodium sulfide give thioethers:

Na2S + 2 RX → R2S + 2 NaX

Even aryl halides participate in this reaction.[7] By a broadly similar process sodium sulfide can react with alkenes in the thiol-ene reaction to give thioethers. Sodium sulfide can be used as nucleophile in Sandmeyer type reactions.[8] Sodium sulfide reduces1,3-dinitrobenzene derivatives to the 3-nitroanilines.[9] Aqueous solution of sodium sulfide can be refluxed with nitro carrying azo dyes dissolved in dioxane and ethanol to selectively reduce the nitro groups to amine; while other reducible groups, e.g. azo group, remain intact.[10] Sulfide has also been employed in photocatalytic applications.[11]

Explanation:there you go

When sodium combines with sulphur, it formed sodium sulphide. When it interacts with sulfur, polysulfides are produced. Additionally, heat causes sodium sulfide to oxidize fast. Sulfur dioxide and sodium carbonate are the end products.

Chemical element sulfur has the letter S and atomic number 16. It is multivalent, nonmetallic, and plentiful. Sulfur atoms normally combine to create cyclic octatomic molecules, which have the chemical formula S₈.

At room temperature, elemental sulfur is a crystalline solid that is brilliant yellow. It is employed in the production of fertilizer, water treatment, mineral extraction, oil refining, and automobile batteries.

Other uses for compounds based on sulfur include vulcanizing rubber, bleaching paper, and producing goods like cement, detergents, and insecticides.

Thus, When sodium combines with sulphur, it formed sodium sulphide.

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Answer: Light

Explanation:

The environment abiotic factors like sunlight, water, air, and soil are important for the growth of the plants. A wildflowers is a plant that grows in wild. It was not intentionally seeded or planted.

The light is one of the important environmental factor. As the wildflowers are blooming earlier than the large trees. Thus the wildflowers are receiving the light earlier than large trees.

Answer:

Noble gases are a unique set of elements in the periodic table because they don't naturally bond with other elements.

Explanation:

HAVE A GOOD DAY!

Answer:

The answer is Noble Gases!!

Explanation:

Hope i helped yall! Have a super fantastic day!! Play Among Us! (Of course when your done with school) lol, jk, but u can!! Byes yall!

Answer:

320.23g of CH3OH.

Explanation:

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:

CO(g) + 2H2(g)—> CH3OH(l)

Next, we shall determine the masses of CO and H2 that reacted and the mass of CH3OH produced from the balanced equation. This is illustrated below below:

Molar mass of CO = 12 + 16 = 28g/mol

Mass of CO from the balanced equation = 1 x 28 = 28g

Molar mass of H2 = 2x1 = 2g/mol

Mass of H2 from the balanced equation = 2 x 2= 4g

Molar mass of CH3OH = 12 + (3x1) + 16 + 1 = 32g/mol

Mass of CH3OH from the balanced equation = 1 x 32 = 32g

From the balanced equation above,

28g of CO reacted with 4g of H2 to produce 32g of CH3OH.

Next, we shall determine the the limiting reactant. This is illustrated below:

From the balanced equation above,

28g of CO reacted with 4g of H2.

280.2g of CO will react with =

(280.2 x 4)/28 = 40.03g of H2.

From the calculations made above, we can see that only 40.03g out of 50.5g of H2 is required to react completely with 280.2g of CO.

Therefore, CO is the limiting reactant and H2 is the excess reactant.

Finally, we shall determine the mass of methanol, CH3OH produced from the reaction.

In this case, the limiting reactant will be used because it will give the maximum yield of the reaction since all of it is used up in the reaction. The limiting reactant is CO and the mass of methanol, CH3OH produced can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

28g of CO reacted to produce 32g of CH3OH.

Therefore, 280.2g of CO will react to produce = (280.2 x 32)/28 = 320.23g of CH3OH.

Therefore, 320.23g of CH3OH were produced from the reaction.

Answer:

) Molar concentration =1000*2.54/(127*250) ;since molarity=1000*W/M*V

=0.08 M here W=amount of solute in gm

M= molecular weight of solute

v=volume of solution in ml or cm3

2)% concentration (w/v) =(2.54/250)*100=1.016%

Explanation:

Answer: [tex]Zn+2Ag^+\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+2Ag[/tex]

Explanation:

Oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction is defined as the reaction in which oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously and the number of electrons lost is equal to the number of electrons gained.

Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. The oxidation state of the substance increases.

Anode : [tex]Zn\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+2e^-[/tex]

Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. The oxidation state of the substance gets reduced.

Cathode : [tex]2Ag^++2e^-\rightarrow 2Ag[/tex]

Thus the complete ionic equation will be :

[tex]Zn+2Ag^+\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+2Ag[/tex]

Answer:

reactants : before arrow sign

: CH4 and O2

product : after arrow sign

: CO2 and H2O

the answer is the second option

Answer:

The answer is lemonade.

Weaker acids are those which tend to have a higher pH from 4 to at least 6 stronger acids have low pH from 2 and below that's from 2 to 0.

Hope this helps

Hope

Answer:

Il of the above are part of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

Explanation:

Answer: Which of the following are part of kinetic-molecular theory?

Choices:

1. The particles in a solid do not move.

2. The particles in a liquid are moving past one another constantly.

3. The particles in gas move freely in all directions.

4. The particles in a solid vibrate in a fixed position.

5. The particles in a solid are far apart.

6. The particles in a gas have few attractions between them.

7. The particles in all states of matter are always moving.

Explanation: Which of the following are part of kinetic-molecular theory...

Answers:

2. The particles in a liquid are moving past one another constantly.

3. The particles in gas move freely in all directions.

4. The particles in a solid vibrate in a fixed position.

6. The particles in a gas have few attractions between them.

7. The particles in all states of matter are always moving.

Answer:

Genetic tagging, or the identification and tracking of individual animals using DNA, is a non-invasive method of conducting research that uses samples from shed hair, feathers, feces, or saliva. ... Genetic tagging approaches are complementary to traditional approaches and add a powerful tool to the ecologists' toolkit."

Explanation:

Answer:

234.9 grams

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Answer:

Chemical Change

Explanation:

Mixing these elements together creates a chemical change

Making of a salad dressing is a physical change  as there is no change in the chemical composition.

Physical changes are defined as changes which affect only the form of a substance but not it's chemical composition. They are used to separate mixtures in to chemical components but cannot be used to separate compounds to simpler compounds.

Physical changes are always reversible using physical means and involve a change in the physical properties.Examples of physical changes include melting,boiling , change in texture, size,color,volume and density.Magnetism, crystallization, formation of alloys are all reversible and hence physical changes.

They involve only rearrangement of atoms and are often characterized to be changes which are reversible.

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Answer:

P = 2,8,3

q = 2,8,6

Explanation:

Because the first shell contain 2 electron and the 2nd contain 8 electron and the last shell contain the electron which is left

Explanation:

p=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^1

q=1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^4

the quantum numbers are used in my answer.

there are 4 quantum numbers.

1.principal quantum numbers

2.angular momentum quantum numbers

3.magnetic quantum numbers

4.spin quantum numbers

In this case,the angular momentum quantum numbers is being used.it describes the unique quantum state of an electron and is designated by the letter L.this behaviour manifests itself as the shape of the orbital.electron shells have distinct shapes denoted by letters,s,p,d,f.

l can be numbers like,0,1,2,3

the maximum electrons in each letter is,

s=2

p=6

d=10

f=14

the shapes of the sub_shells

s sub_shell is spherical

p sub_shell is two dumb_bells

d sub_shell is four dumb_bells

f sub_shell is eight dumb_bells

Answer:

Iron is oxidized to form rust.

Explanation:

Consider the reaction; 4Fe + 302------>2Fe2O3, we can see that iron is being oxidized to iron III oxide. Rust is the common name of iron III oxide.

Rusting is an electrochemical process, iron rusts when it comes into contact with air and water because electrochemical cells are set up at the surface of contact.

Iron usually functions as the anode in the electrochemical process. This process leads to the formation of iron III oxide. Rust is soft and breaks off easily thereby exposing the metal below the surface to further rusting.

Answer:

Iron is oxidized to form rust.

Explanation:

edge

Answer:

a. 0.02 moles  of NH₃, 0 moles of O₂, 0.08 moles of NO, 0.12 moles of H₂O

b. [tex]P_{NH_3}[/tex] = 12,576.5 Pa, [tex]P_{NO}[/tex] = 50,306.05 Pa, [tex]P_{H_2O}[/tex] =  74,459.1 Pa

c. The total pressure is 138,341.64 Pa

Explanation:

a. NH₃ + O₂  → NO + H₂O

The balanced chemical equation is first found to be

4NH₃ + 5O₂  → 4NO + 6H₂O

Therefore, we have;

4 moles of NH₃ reacts with 5 moles of O₂ to form 4 moles of NO and 6 moles H₂O

Dividing by the reactant with the highest number of moles which is 5 moles of oxygen gives;

4/5 moles  of NH₃ reacts with 5/5 moles of O₂ to form 4/5 moles of NO and 6/5 moles H₂O

Which is the same as 4/5 moles  of NH₃ reacts with 1 mole of O₂ to form 4/5 moles of NO and 6/5 moles H₂O

Multiplying by 0.100 gives;

0.1×4/5 moles  of NH₃ reacts with 0.1 mole of O₂ to form 0.1×4/5 moles of NO and 0.1×6/5 moles H₂O

The quantity of each gas in the container upon completion of the reaction is therefore;

(0.1 - 0.1×4/5) = 0.02 moles  of NH₃

0 moles of O₂

0.08 moles of NO

0.12 moles H₂O

b. Given that the temperature = 105°C, we have;

PV = nRT

P = nRT/V

Where:

n = Total number of moles = 0.02 + 0.08 + 0.12 = 0.22 moles

R = Universal gas constant = 8.3145 J/(mol·K)

T = Temperature = 105°C = 378.15 K

V = Volume = 5 litre = 0.005 m³

P = 0.22×8.3145×378.15/0.005 = 138,341.64 Pa

From Dalton's law of partial pressure, we have;

Partial pressure Pₓ = Xₓ × P

Where:

Xₓ = Mole fraction

Which gives for ammonia NH₃ with 0.02 moles;

Mole fraction = 0.02/0.22 = 1/11

[tex]P_{NH_3}[/tex] = 1/11 × 138,341.64  = 12,576.5 Pa

For the 0.08 moles of NO, we have

Mole fraction = 0.08/0.22 = 4/11

[tex]P_{NO}[/tex] = 4/11 × 138,341.64  = 50,306.05 Pa

For the 0.12 moles H₂O

P = 0.12×8.3145×378.15/0.005 = 74,459.1 Pa

Mole fraction = 0.12/0.22 = 6/11

[tex]P_{H_2O}[/tex] = 6/11 × 138,341.64  = 74,459.1 Pa

c. The total pressure = 12,576.5 Pa + 50,306.05 Pa + 74,459.1 Pa = 138,341.64 Pa.

The chemical equation for the given word equation is Ca(OH)[tex]_2[/tex](S) + 2HCI(I) → CaCl[tex]_2[/tex](aq) + 2H[tex]_2[/tex]0(1).   Therefore, the correct option is option D.

Chemical equations are symbols or chemical formulas that depict a chemical reaction symbolically. With a plus sign separating the entities in the reactants and products, the reactant objects are listed on the left as well as the result entities are listed on the right.

An arrow indicating the reaction's direction points in the path of the products. The chemical formulas could be mixed, symbolic, or structural. The critical values of a stoichiometric figures are shown as coefficients beside the symbols as well as formulas of the various entities. The chemical equation for the given word equation is Ca(OH)[tex]_2[/tex](S) + 2HCI(I) → CaCl[tex]_2[/tex](aq) + 2H[tex]_2[/tex]0(1).  

Therefore, the correct option is option D.

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Answer:

Coke, coal gas, gas carbon, ammonia liquor, and coal oil