which component of an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is modeled as having internal reversibilities

A lab technician uses laser light with a wavelength of 640 nm to evaluate a diffraction grating, and this particular grating has 195.31 lines per millimeter.

Its wavelength is 640 nm.

L=40.8 cm The distance between the grating and the screen

The first dazzling fringe is six centimeters away from the centre of the order for laser light. According to the deduced results from Young's experiment, which tie the order of bright fringes to the central order,

With the approach of laser light is small-angle approximation, y = m(wavelength)(L)/d and d = m()(L)/y

Using the value d= 1*640*10^-9*0.48/0.06m = 5.120*10^-9 as a starting point

The line density is 1/d = 1/5.120*10^-9, or 195.31 lines per millimeter.

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The work required to stretch the spring from 12 cm to 19 cm is 0.91 J

When an object is moved across a specific distance by an external force, work is the quantity of energy that is transmitted to the object.

According to the given information

Natural length = 12 cm

Stretched length = 26 cm

Change in length ( x ) = 26 - 12 = 14 cm = 0.14 m

Force required = 26 N

It is known to us that spring force F = K x

K = [tex]\frac{F}{x}[/tex]

K = [tex]\frac{26}{0.14}[/tex]

K = 185.7 N/m

This is the stiffness of the spring

Now the Force that is required to stretch the spring F = K[tex]x_{1}[/tex]

[tex]x_{1}[/tex] = change in length of the spring = 19 - 12 = 7 cm = 0.07 m

F = 185.7 × 0.07

F = 13 N

Now the work that is done in stretching the spring W = F × [tex]x_{1}[/tex]

W = 13 × 0.07

W = 0.91 J

The work required to stretch the spring from 12 cm to 19 cm is 0.91 J

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The electron is subjected to a magnetic field accelerates at a rate of 3.0 E18 m/s.

The magnets are attracted to or repelling one another as a result of this force. A compass, a motor, magnetic magnets that hold items in refrigerators, railroad tracks, and modern roller coasters are examples of objects that use magnetic force. A magnetic field is created by all moving charges, and any charges that move across its regions feel a force.

F=qvBsinθ

F=1.6×10−19 C×8.0×106m/s×2.5T×sin60∘

F=2.8×10−12 N

A magnet exerts a magnetic pull on particular materials like metal, steel, nickel, and cobalt. This force can work from a distance, making it a sort of non-contact force. It does not needed that the objects be in direct contact. We learnt how to utilize a magnet to draw coins in the example above.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Kepler's First Law Describes the Shape of an Orbit

The orbit of a planet around the Sun (or of a satellite around a planet) is not a perfect circle. It is an ellipse—a “flattened” circle. The Sun (or the center of the planet) occupies one focus of the ellipse.

Electromagnetic waves for sunlight is  966.48  V/m

a) We know that the intensity of light

                 I = (1/2)ε0cEm2

From the above equation we can write

                Em = √(2I / ε0c)

                      = √2 * 1.24 x 103 / 8.85 x 10-12 * 3 x108

                      = 966.48  V/m

When an electric field and a magnetic field vibrate together, electromagnetic waves, or EM waves, are produced. Thus, magnetic and electric fields oscillate to form electromagnetic waves (EM waves). When an electric field and a magnetic field interact, electromagnetic waves are produced. It follows that they are referred to as "electromagnetic" waves. An electromagnetic wave's electric and magnetic fields are parallel to one another and form a right angle. In addition, they are parallel to the EM wave's direction.

In vacuum, the speed of electromagnetic waves is constant at 3.00 x 108 ms-1. Neither the electric nor magnetic fields can deflect them. On the other hand, they can exhibit diffraction or interference.

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Answer:

False

Explanation:

gravitational potential energy = mgh

10*10*1 = 100 joules

The size of a wave is equivalent to half its top to valley distance, which is the solution to the question.

A wave sensor's length, which corresponds to the distance between two identical locations (next crests) in successive cycles, determines whether it is sent through space or via a wire. In wireless systems, this length is often specified in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeter (mm) (mm). The duration can be calculated as the distance between two contiguous wave front peaks or waves propagating compressions. It is often represented in meters. Such waves have a relationship between their energy and wavelength. Waves with a shorter wavelength have had more energy than waves with a longer wavelength of the same intensity.

A = 1/2* distance

A = 1/2* 5.8

A = 2.9m

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The complete question is-

From Peak To Trough A Wave On The Ocean Measures 5.8 M And Has A Wavelength Of 22.5 M. What Is The Amplitude Of The Wave?

Answer:

The speed of a and b will be same about 3.333 m/s after collision.

Explanation:

In a perfectly inelastic collision the bodies gets attached to each other after collision .

In this type of collision the final  kinetic energy gets lowered than the initial one. Whereas the momentum before and after the collision still remains constant.

Thus we apply the theory of conservation of momentum.

M1V1+ M2V2 = (M1+M2)V

Thus V= 40/12 =3.33 m/s

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The position of the object thrown upward with an initial velocity of 64 feet per second at an initial height of 80 feet from the ground after 10 seconds from the ground is 709.38 m

According to equation of motion,

s = u t + 1 / 2 a t²

s = Displacement

u = Initial velocity

t = Time

a = Acceleration

u = 64 ft / s

u = 19.5 m / s

t = 10 s

s = ( 19.5 * 10 ) + ( 1 / 2 * 9.8 * 10² )

s = 195 + 490

s = 685 m

Total distance from the ground,

d = h + s

h = 80 ft = 24.38 m

d = 24.38 + 685

d = 709.38 m

The final position of the object from the ground is 709.38 m

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Radius of the planet's orbit is 2.15 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m

Radius of the orbit can be calculated by applying Kepler's third law, which  compares the motion characteristics of different planets, i.e. it compares the orbital period and the radius of the orbit.

Where

T = Time period = 300Days ( Period)

r = radius

G =   Gravitational constant = 6.67 * [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] m³/Kgs

M =  Mass of the object, sun in this case = 1.99 * [tex]10^{30}[/tex] kg

Then, rearranging the Kepler's equation,

[tex]R^{3} = GMT^{2} /4\pi ^{2}[/tex]

R³ = 100 * [tex]10^{-19}[/tex]

R = 2.15 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m

The radius of the planet which is reported to orbiting for 300 days is 2.15 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m

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The resistance of the resistor r so maximum current is 40.9 mA.

A Resistor and inductor are connected to a 9.0 v battery by a switch as shown. the moment the switch is closed, current flows through the circuit. the resistor has a resistance of r.

Calculation:-

Maximum current imax = V/R

= 9/220

= 40.9 mA.

Resistors are used for many purposes. a few examples consist of restricting electric powered cutting-edge, voltage division, warmth generation, matching and loading circuits, benefit manage, and setting time constants. they may be commercially available with resistance values over various extra than nine orders of magnitude.

A circuit is a entire circular direction that energy flows via. A easy circuit includes a modern supply, conductors and a load. The time period circuit may be utilized in a preferred sense to consult any fixed route that energy, records or a sign can travel via.

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The highest position the car reaches above the bottom of the hill is 20.9m.

Solution:

U = mgh

K= 1/2 mv2

Ki+Ui = Uf

750(0.5)(400)+750(9.8)(5)=(750)(9.8)h

200+4.9=9.8h

h = 20.9 m

Frictional force refers to the force created by two surfaces contacting and sliding against each other. Several factors affect frictional forces: These forces are primarily affected by surface textures and the forces that drive them together.

Scientists don't know exactly what causes friction. However, it is thought to be caused by interactions when small bumps on the surface rub against each other. The ridges on each surface flex and exert forces on each other making the surfaces less slippery against each other.

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The Gravitational Force, Fgrav on the satellite is 1.548 x 10⁴  N.

Newton's Gravitational Law - The force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and the force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

We use the Newton's Gravitational Law formula to find the Gravitational Force on the satellite :

F = G (m₁ m₂)/r²

where,

F = Gravitational Force

G = Universal Gravitational Constant = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ N.m²/kg²

m₁ = mass of earth = 5.97 x 10²⁴ kg

m₂ = mass of satellite = 2050 kg

radius of earth = 6.38 x 106 m

r = distance between the centre of earth and the centre of satellite

r = distance of satellite from the surface of earth + radius of earth

r = 880000 m + 6380000 m = 7260000 m

Therefore,

             (6.67 x 10-11  N.m²/kg²).(5.97 x 10²⁴ kg).(2050 kg)

    F  =  --------------------------------------------------------------------------

           (7260000 m)²

    F = 1.548 x 10⁴  N

The Gravitational Force, Fgrav on the satellite is 1.548 x 10⁴  N.

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The distance travelled by the car if had been travelling at a speed of 45 m/s is 180 m.

The distance travelled  by the car is calculated by applying the following kinematic equation as shown below.

v² = u² + 2as

where;

0 =  u² + 2as

-2as =  u²

a = -(u²)/2s

a = - (15²) / (2 x 20)

a = -5.625 m/s²

The distance travelled by the car if had been travelling at a speed of 45 m/s is calculated as;

v² = u² + 2as

0 =  u² + 2as

s = -(u²)/2a

s = -(45²) / (2 x - 5.625)

s = (45²) / (2 x 5.625)

s = 180 m

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the ladder, measured along the ladder, can a 600-n person climb before the ladder begins to slip is 0.488  m  

0.488  m  

If θ be the angle ladder makes with the plane

cos θ = 1.2 / 5

Tan θ = 4.04

Let the height a person of weight 600 N  can climb be h from the ground .Distance from the base point  where ladder touches the floor  = h / tanθ

= h / 4.04

Total reaction force = total downward force

R = 200 + 600

800 N

Frictional force = μ R

= .2 x 800

= 160 N

Taking moment of force about the point on the ladder  where it  touches the floor  and balancing them

200 x 1.2 x .5 + 600 x   h / tanθ  = μ R x  1.2 / tanθ ( reaction  at the top point of ladder where it touches the wall is  R₁ and

R₁ =μ R   )

= 200 x 1.2 x .5 + 600 x   h / tanθ  = 160 x 1.2 / tanθ

120  - 600 h / 4.04 = 47.52

120 - 47.52 = 600 h / 4.04

72.48= 148.51 h

h = 0.488  m  

=

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The second particle would therefore move at a speed of (-51.5) m/s.

Velocity is the directionally speed of an object in motion, as measured by a certain unit of time and seen from a particular point of reference.

According to the given information

Mass (m) = 100 gm

20 m/s is the speed.

Vertical velocity is zero at its maximum.

The system's horizontal momentum is conserved because there is no horizontal force acting on it.

[tex]m_{2}[/tex] = 100-72= 28g

[tex]m_{1}v_{1} + m_{2}v_{2}[/tex] = 0

[tex]v_{2} = -\frac{m_{1}v_{1} }{m_{2} }[/tex]

[tex]v_{2}[/tex] = (72×20)/(28)

[tex]v_{2}[/tex] = -51.5 m/s

The second particle would therefore move at a speed of (-51.5) m/s.

Negative signs point in the direction of rightward motion.

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The frequency of the waves is 0.48Hz and  their speed is 4.2m/s.

Define frequency.

The number of waves passing a fixed place in a unit of time is known as frequency.

Given ,

Time ,t is 2.1s

Frequency, F =1/t

                   F =1/2.1

                  F =0.48Hz

A periodic wave's wavelength, or the distance over which the wave's shape repeats, is its spatial period. It is the separation between neighboring wave points that correspond to the same phase, such as two adjacent crests, troughs, or zero crossings. It is a property of both traveling waves and standing waves as well as other spatial wave patterns. The spatial frequency is the wavelength's reciprocal. The Greek letter lambda ( λ) is frequently used to denote wavelength.

Speed ,v = λ / T.

            v = 8.8/2.1

            v  =4.2m/s

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A slinky is stretched by two forces. When the forces are removed, the slinky returns to its original length. The slinky has been permanently deformed.

What causes permanent deformed?

When a material is subjected to stresses that are greater than its yield strength and cause it to elongate, compress, buckle, bend, or twist, this permanent distortion is known as plastic deformation.

Plastic deformation occurs when a metal is sufficiently stressed to permanently alter its shape. A few atomic bonds are broken during plastic deformation, as was covered in the section on crystal defects, as a result of the movement of dislocations.

When a structural part of a rail vehicle experiences permanent deformation, its shape changes.

Therefore, A slinky is stretched by two forces. When the forces are removed, the slinky returns to its original length. The slinky has been permanently deformed.

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Poisson brackets are powerful and sophisticated tool in the Hamilton formalism of classical mechanism.

The nonverbal code that most explicitly deals with movements and motion-based behaviors is known as kinesics.

Kinesics in Poisson bracket describes the way our hands, arms, faces, and bodies move to express meaning. It's our body language throughout a discussion or how we appear when we're speaking. This might show that we are interested in the interaction and are confident in it.

Poisson bracket refers to a broad range of visual codes involving the movement of the human body. Among these codes are gestures, posture, eye gaze, and facial expressions. Artifacts represent the various ways that we adorn or manipulate the body to communicate cultural or personal meanings.

Therefore, these Poisson bracket also shows a link between quantum and classical mechanism.

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Two balls having different speeds roll off the edge of a horizontal table at the same time, both will hit the floor at the same time.

Velocity is defined in physics as a vector measurement of direction and velocity of motion. More specifically, the velocity of an object can also be defined as the rate of change of the object's position with respect to the reference frame and time. Simply put, the term velocity describes how fast an object moves in a particular direction. Indicates whether something is moving slowly or quickly. Let's look at an example where two objects are moving. If two objects are moving in the same direction, it's easy to tell which is moving faster. However, it is very difficult to determine which object is faster when both are moving in opposite directions. Considering such difficulties and ways to overcome them, our scientists developed the concept of velocity to make it easier for observers to identify faster or slower objects.

Both balls will hit the ground simultaneously. This is because both balls were moving parallel to the ground when they left the table (remember the table is horizontal). Both balls have 0 velocity in the direction of interest, both accelerate at the same velocity and land at the same time.

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when heating is at the minimum rate. The applied voltage is 220 V. The current in each case is 271.60 (approx)

P = VI   V is voltage and I is current

then,

I = P/V

when heating is at maximum

current:

I = 420W/220V

=1.9(approx)

resistance:

R = V/I

= 220V/1.9A

=115.78(approx)

when heating in minimum

current:

I = P/V

= 180W/220V

= 0.81 (approx)

resistance:

R = V/I

=220V/0.81A

=271.60 (approx)

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3D lasers scanner: uses laser projector and cameras to determine part dimensional coordinates to high degree of accuracy, high cost.

Scales: similar to a ruler used for linear measures with "eyeball" accuracy, traditional, affordable, and occasionally insufficiently exact.

Measurements are fairly accurate thanks to the caliper's ability to expand to fit the part being measured.

Coordinate measuring machine: uses probe to touch part and senses x, y, and z coordinate locations that record information into memory (also known as digitizing model), accuracy in the 0.001 mm range, larger volumes greatly increase system cost

No of the size or surface details of the object being scanned, 3D laser scanner uses either phase-based or LIDAR technology to reliably and effectively gather 3-dimensional data. 3D laser scanning generates clear and accurate digital records of present conditions without actually touching what is being measured. The scan generates countless numbers of measurement points known as "coordinates." "Point clouds" are collections of points that together represent raw data. An x, y, and z value is contained in each coordinate in a point cloud. These values are often referred to as northing (y), easting (x), and elevation (z). These points have such fine precision that it is possible to measure exactly from one point to any other point in the point cloud.

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Capacitive reactance is measured in Ohms, just like resistance. 1,000,000 divided by 6.28 times 60 hertz times 106.1 microfarads, or 25 ohms, is the capacitive reactance.

The amount of charging a capacitor can accomplish depends on its capacitance. Capacitive reactance is a measurement of the capacitor's resistance to alternating current. The following formula can be used to determine a capacitor's capacitive reactance or impedance: The constant one million (or 106) divided by the product of 2p (or 6.28) times frequency times capacitance is known as capacitive reactance, abbreviated as x sub c (XC). where XC is the capacitance, expressed in ohms.

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A rope with the mass m and length L hangs from a ceiling. Show that the rope's wave speed at a distance of y above the lower end is v = gy.

What is the name for a wave's speed?

Wave speed is a feature of waves that can be used to describe the absolute value of phase velocity or the speed at which a wave phase moves at a specific frequency. group velocity, which differs from the phase velocity for dispersive waves, is the rate of propagation for the envelope of wave groups and frequently of wave energy.

What is a straightforward definition of wave velocity?

The distance a wave travels in a unit of time is measured by its wave velocity. It is the rate at which a particle is disturbed by something like a peak

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Answer:

The relation between acceleration due to gravity for both cases [tex]g_{1} = 9g_{2}[/tex]

Explanation:

What is acceleration due to gravity ?

Any object's acceleration when it is only being affected by gravity.

According to the given information

Acceleration due to gravity could be found by  [tex]\frac{GM}{r^{2} }[/tex]

Distance between satellite orbiting planet from center = r

Acceleration due to gravity for this case [tex]g_{1}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{GM}{r^{2} }[/tex]

Distance between satellite orbiting planet from center = 3r

Acceleration due to gravity for this case [tex]g_{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{GM}{(3r)^{2} }[/tex]

relation between the acceleration due gravity in each case

[tex]\frac{g_{1} }{g_{2} } =\frac{(3r)^{2} }{r^{2} } \\[/tex]

[tex]\frac{g_{1} }{g_{2} } =\frac{9r^{2} }{r^{2} } \\[/tex]

[tex]\frac{g_{1} }{g_{2} }[/tex] = 9

[tex]g_{1} = 9g_{2}[/tex]

The relation between acceleration due to gravity for both cases [tex]g_{1} = 9g_{2}[/tex]

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If the sun mysteriously gets twice as massive as it is right now, it's pull on Mars will be twice as much.

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The intrinsic catalytic characteristics of nanoscale electro catalysts requires quantification of the active site count and site-specific turnover frequency (TOF).

Understanding the intrinsic catalytic characteristics of nanoscale electro catalysts requires quantification of the active site count and site-specific turnover frequency (TOF).

The understanding of Ni-Fe (oxy)hydroxides' electro catalytic activity and stability is hampered by the lack of efficient methods for measuring the Fe active site number and the intrinsic turnover frequency per active Fe site (TOFFe), despite the fact that Fe has been proposed as one of the most active noble-metal-free electro catalysts for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

The direct in situ quantification of the electrochemically active Fe site number and associated TOFFe values of Ni-Fe (oxy)hydroxides using previously unstudied Fe2+/3+ redox electrochemistry in alkaline solutions is described in this article.

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The greatest distance that is measured from the  the pivot, that the center of gravity of an 600 kg piece of heavy machinery can be placed without snapping the rope is 1.37 m

We would have to solve for the tensile strength first.

The tensile strength is given as: T /A

The radius = diameter / 2

= 7 / 2

= 3.5

area = πr²

=We would have to solve for the maximum force from here

6 x 10⁷ x π *(3.5*10⁻³)² = 2309.1

Next we would have to solve for the greatest distance

The net torque is given as 0

Fmax x L = m*g*x

2309.1*3.5 = 600*9.8*x

8081.85 = 5880x

divide through to get the value of x

x = 8081.85 /  5880

= 1.37m

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Nasa’s Orion spacecraft, which left earth last week, flew within 81 miles of the surface of the moon on Monday .

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The emf induced in the coil is 4.0x10-4 V.

Given data :

The induced emf is ε = - d/dt (BA cos θ).

Apply the formula ,

induced emf is ε = - d/dt (BA cos θ).

= - 4.0x10-5 /  5x10-5 x 0.10 = 4.0x10-4 V.

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