Answer:
Which atomic number corresponds to the element which is most stable?
01
03
28
36
36 is your answer.
2. Adelia holds a shiny steel spoon with its back (convex surface) facing her eyes at a distance
of approximately 30 cm. She sees an upright image of herself. However, when the spoon
is changed so that the front (concave surface) of the spoon is facing her eyes, an inverted
image is observed.
(a) Explain this situation.
(b) Why is an upright image not seen on the front surface of the spoon at that distance?
Answer:
(a) The convex mirror image, is always upright at all positions, while images formed by concave mirrors are always inverted when the object distance from the mirror is more than the mirrors focal length.
(b) An upright image is not seen for object at a distance from a concave mirror further than the focal length of the mirror, which is the spoon in the question
Therefore, the location of her eyes of approximately, 30 cm, from the mirror is more than the mirror's focal length
Explanation:
A scientist studies how air blowing on plants affects their growth. He uses fans to create different amounts of wind and measures the growth of the plants. What would make this experiment more repeatable?
Answer:D.Keeping track of the exact amount of wind on each plant
why do objects located further away from pivot have a greater moment?
Answer:
because us equal to the anticlockwise moment about that pivot.If the object are balanced:clockwise.
Explanation:
This is when an object placed on something narrow object that can act as a pivot too fir example a plank placed on a brick.Finally the edges or the curve
Answer:
Moment about a point= force × perpendicular distance
When an object is further from the pivot, the perpendicular distance of the object from the pivot increases. Since moment is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance, when the perpendicular distance increase, the moment increases too. Thus, objects located further away from the pivot have a greater moment.
Suppose high tide is at midnight, the water level at midnight is 3 m, and the water level at low tide is 0.5 m. Assuming the next high tide will occur 12 hours later (at noon), find the time, to the nearest minute, when the water level is at 1.125 m for the second time after midnight.
We have that the time, to the nearest minute, when the water level is at 1.125 m for the second time after midnight is
[tex]t=10.0hours[/tex]
From the Question we are told that
Maximum height [tex]h_{max}=3m[/tex]
Minimum height [tex]H_{min}=0.5m[/tex]
Time for next high tide will occur[tex]T=12 hours =>720 min[/tex]
Generally Average Height
[tex]h_{avg}=\frac{3+0.5}{2}\\\\h_{avg}=1.75[/tex]
Therefore determine Amplitude to be
[tex]A=h_{max}=j_{avg}\\\\A=3-1.75\\\\A=1.25[/tex]
Generally, the equation for Time is mathematically given by
At t=0
[tex]h(x)=Acos(Bx)+h_{avg}[/tex]
Where
[tex]B=\frac{2\pi}{P}\\\\B=\frac{2\pi}{720}\\\\B=8.73*10^{-3}[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]h(t)=Acos8.73*10^{-3}(t)+h_{avg}[/tex]
Hence the Time at [tex]T=1.125[/tex] is
[tex]1.125(t)=1.25cos(8.73*10^{-3})(t)+1.75[/tex]
[tex]-0.1249t=1.75[/tex]
[tex]t=10.0hours[/tex]
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what happen to the weight of a body when it is falling freely under the action of gravity?
Answer:
Explanation:
where W-weight, m-mass of the object and g-acceleration produced due to the earth's gravity. ... This happens because the normal reaction force exerted on the object in the lift is equal to zero, and normal force equals to mg, which in turn equals the weight of the object.
Marco is conducting an experiment. He knows the wave that he is working with has a wavelength of 32.4 cm. If he measures the frequency as 3 hertz, which statement about the wave is accurate?
This question is incomplete; here is the complete question:
Marco is conducting an experiment. He knows the wave that he is working with has a wavelength of 32.4 cm. If he measures the frequency as 3 hertz, which statement about the wave is accurate?
A. The wave has traveled 32.4 cm in 3 seconds.
B. The wave has traveled 32.4 cm in 9 seconds.
C. The wave has traveled 97.2 cm in 3 seconds.
D. The wave has traveled 97.2 cm in 1 second.
The answer to this question is D. The wave has traveled 97.2 cm in 1 second.
Explanation:
The frequency of a wave, which is in this case 3 hertz, represents the number of waves that go through a point during 1 second. According to this, if the frequency of the wave is 3 hertz this means in 1 second there were 3 waves. Moreover, if you multiply the wavelength (32.4cm) by the frequency (3) you will know the distance the wave traveled in 1 second: 32.4 x 3 = 97.2 cm. This makes option D the correct one as the distance in 1 second was 97.2 cm.
Answer:Is D!
Explanation:TEAT(Sorry) -_-*
A force of 20N is directed at an angle of 60° above the x-axis. A force of 20N is directed at an angle below the x-axis. What is the vector sum of the two forces?
NB:Use graph paper to find your answer.
check the pictures(2 pictures)check the pictures(2 pictures)check the pictures(2 pictures)
The vector sum of the two forces is 20 and the magnitude of the resultant is 20 towards positive x-axis.
What is a vector?A vector is a quantity or phenomena with magnitude and direction that are independent of one another. The phrase also refers to a quantity's mathematical or geometrical representation.
If no vector can be written as a linear combination of the others, a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent.
The vector representation for the forces F and F are:
[tex]\rm \vec F_1 = 20 COS 60^0 \vec i + 20 SIN 60^0 \vec j\\\\ F_1 =20 \times \frac{1}{2} \vec i+20 \times \frac{\sqrt{3} }{2} \vec j \\\\ \vec F_1 = 10 \vec i+ 10 \sqrt{3} \vec J[/tex]
[tex]\rm F_2 = 20 cos 60^0 \vec i+20 sin(-60) \vec j \\\\ F_2 = 20 \times \frac{1}{2} \times \vec i+20 \times \frac{\sqrt{3} }{2} \vec j \\\\ \vec F_2 = 10 \vec I -10\sqrt{3} \vec J[/tex]
The vector sum of the two forces are;
[tex]\rm \vec R = \vec F_1+\vec F_2\\\\ \vec R = 10 \vec i+ 10 \sqrt{3} \vec J+10 \vec i-10\sqrt{3} \vec J\\\\ \vec R =20 i[/tex]
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what happens to the displacement vector when the spring constant has a higher value and the applied force remains constant? It remains the same it increases magnitude it changes direction it decreases magnitude
1. Which example best describes a restoring force?
B) the force applied to restore a spring to its original length
2. A spring is compressed, resulting in its displacement to the right. What happens to the spring when it is released?
C) The spring exerts a restoring force to the left and returns to its equilibrium position.
3. A 2-N force is applied to a spring, and there is displacement of 0.4 m. How much would the spring be displaced if a 5-N force was applied?
D) 1 m
4. Hooke’s law is described mathematically using the formula Fsp=−kx. Which statement is correct about the spring force, Fsp?
D)It is a vector quantity.
5. What happens to the displacement vector when the spring constant has a higher value and the applied force remains constant?
A) It decreases in magnatude.
Need help with this!!!
15 points!!!!
Answer:
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Explanation:
Please help me , I also have to show work on paper
Answer:
Choose B
Explanation:
Hope Can I help you
Pls help promise to mark as brainlist
Answer:
The answers to your questions are given below
Explanation:
A. Definition of momentum.
Momentum of an object can be defined as the product of the mass of the object and its velocity. Mathematically, it expreessed as:
Momentum = mass x Velocity
From the above equation, we can derive the SI unit of momentum as follow:
Mass is measured in Kilogram (Kg)
Velocity is measured in meter per second (ms¯¹).
Momentum = mass x Velocity
Momentum = Kg x ms¯¹
Momentum = Kg•ms¯¹
Therefore, the SI unit of momentum is Kg•ms¯¹.
Bi. Determination of the force of the body from O to A.
Mass (m) = 5 kg
Velocity (v) = 40 ms¯¹
Time (t) = 2 secs.
Force (F) =?
Next, we shall determine the acceleration of the body.
Acceleration (a) = Velocity (v) /Time (t)
a = v /t
Velocity (v) = 40 ms¯¹
Time (t) = 2 secs.
Acceleration (a) =.?
a = v/t
a = 40/2
a = 20 ms¯²
Now, we can obtain the force as follow:
Mass (m) = 5 kg
Acceleration (a) = 20 ms¯²
Force (F) =?
Force (F) = mass (m) x Acceleration (a)
F = ma
F = 5 x 20
F = 100 N
Therefore, the force of the body from O to A is 100 N.
Bii. Determination of the force of the body from B to C.
Mass (m) = 5 kg
Velocity (v) = 40 ms¯¹
Time (t) = 10 – 6 = 4 secs.
Force (F) =?
Next, we shall determine the acceleration of the body.
Acceleration (a) = Velocity (v) /Time (t)
a = v /t
Velocity (v) = 40 ms¯¹
Time (t) = 4 secs.
Acceleration (a) =.?
a = v/t
a = 40/4
a = 10 ms¯²
Now, we can obtain the force as follow:
Mass (m) = 5 kg
Acceleration (a) = 10 ms¯²
Force (F) =?
Force (F) = mass (m) x Acceleration (a)
F = ma
F = 5 x 10
F = 50 N
Therefore, the force of the body from B to C is 50 N.
Tita= 55°
Answer and proper explanation pls in English
Answer:
the photo is a bit blur
If you told a policeman about a car traveling 44.704 m/s (100 mph) that was traveling in an eastward direction, you would be describing the car's ___.
Answer:
Velocity
Explanation:
You would be describing the velocity of the car.
Velocity in physics is defined as Vector quantity that describes the displacement of an object with respect to the time it takes to attain it. Displacement is the addition of direction to the speed of an object. The displacement is noted in the question, "traveling eastward". While it is stated that the car travels at 44.704 m/s. Ordinarily, it would have been tagged speed, if not for the direction added to it which makes it velocity.
I hope you understand.
Identifying Maller
In your own words, describe how matter is identified.
Answer:
Matter can be identified through its properties. One clue to helps us identify matter is magnetism. Magnetism is the ability of a material to be attracted by a magnet. Only certain materials are attracted to magnets, like iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Explanation:
we can identify matter by: physical properties and
chemical properties
A 250 watt electric bulb is lighted for 5 hours daily and four 6 watt bulbs are lighted for 4.5 hours daily. Calculate the energy consumed (in kWh) in the month of February.
Answer:
38.024 KWh
Explanation
250 watts multiplied with 5 hours daily multiplied with 28 days monthly equals 35000 Watt hours. Divided by a 1000 to get the KWh equals 35 KWh.
= 250×5hrs× 28days
= 35000watts
= 35000/1000
= 35KWh
Four 6 watt lightbulbs equals 24 watts 4x6=24
Hence, 24×4.5hrs×30days
= 3024watts
= 3024/1000
= 3.024KWhr
The total amount of energy consumed in the month of February = 35 KWh + 3.024 KWh = 38.024 KWh
Note that I had to use 28days since we are considering the month of February.
a car start to move from the rest with an acceleration of 0.25 metre per second square find the final velocity after 3 min
Using 1st equation of kinematics
[tex]\\ \bull\sf\longmapsto v=u+at[/tex]
[tex]\\ \bull\sf\longmapsto v=0+0.25(180)[/tex]
[tex]\\ \bull\sf\longmapsto v=45m/s[/tex]
⇛Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s
⇛Acceleration (a) = 0.25 m/s²
⇛Time (t) = 3 minutes
⇛Final velocity (v) = v
Converting 3 minutes into seconds
1 minute = 60 second3 minutes = 60 × 33 minutes = 180 Seconds☛ Using 1st equation of motion[tex] \Large\begin{gathered} {\underline{\boxed{ \rm {\red{v \: = \: u \: + \: at}}}}}\end{gathered}[/tex]
☛ Substuting the values[tex] \bf \large \longrightarrow \: \: v \: = \: 0 \: + \: 0.25 \: \: (180)[/tex]
[tex]\bf \large \longrightarrow \: \: v \: = \:45 \: m/s[/tex]
what is SI unit System ? why has SI system been developed ? Give reasons
Explanation:
SI is the international system of units
It was developed to express magnitudes and quantities
Matter must have two physical properties 1. Have mass, and 2
∆ Must move
∆ Use energy
∆ Take up space
∆ Be measure
able
Answer:
Take up space
Explanation:
Actually we know this by the definition of matter which states that "matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume."
hope it helped you:)
The number of tickets purchased by an individual for Beckham College's holiday music festival is a uniformly distributed random variable ranging from 4 to 10.
Answer:
The mean is 4.5 and the standard deviation is 1.44. Step-by-step explanation: An uniform probability is a case of probability in which each outcome is equally as likely. For this situation, we have a lower limit of the distribution that we call a and an upper limit that we call b. The mean of the uniform probability distribution is: The standard deviation of the uniform probability distribution is: Uniformly distributed random variable ranging from 2 to 7. This means that . So The mean is 4.5 and the standard deviation is 1.44.
What would happen to the
to the output force (F2)if the area
of the piston1 is made larger than that of piston2? plz help
Answer:
The output force would decrease since exerted force is inversely proportional to contact area.
Explanation:
F ∝ [tex]\frac{1}{A}[/tex] , Where 'F' is the exerted force and 'A' is the contact area.
SCIENCE
1-1 FORCE
What is gravitational force?
(गुरुत्वाकर्षण बल भनेको के हो?"
Write two factors that affect gravitation, (गुरुत्वाकर्षणलाई असर
Write one effect of gravitation that is seen in the sea. (गुरुत्वा
What is gravitational constant? (गुरुत्वाकर्षण अचर भनेको हो ?
Write the value of gravitational constant? (गुरुत्वाकर्षण अचरक
What is gravity? (गुरुत्व बल के हो?)
Vrite two factors that affect ravity. (गुरुत्व बललाई असर गर्ने
-2 FORCE
What is acceleration due to gravity? (गुरुत्व प्रवेग के हो)
rite the value of g at the poles and in the equator of the
त उल
Answer:
is a force that attracts any two objects with a mass
A jet plane is launched from a catapult on an aircraft carrier. In 2.0 s it reaches a speed of 42 m/s at the end of the catapult. Assuming the acceleration is constant, how far did it travel during those 2.0 s?
First find Acceleration
Initial velocity=u=0m/sFinal velocity=v=42m/sTime=t=2sDistance=sAcceleration=a[tex]\boxed{\sf Acceleration=\dfrac{v-u}{t}}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Acceleration=\dfrac{42-0}{2}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Acceleration=\dfrac{42}{2}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Acceleration=21m/s^2[/tex]
Using second equation of kinematics
[tex]\boxed{\sf s=ut+\dfrac{1}{2}at^2}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto s=0(2)+\dfrac{1}{2}(21)(2)^2[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto s=21(2)[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto s=42m[/tex]
HELP ME PLEASEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE A student uses a spring scale attached to a textbook to compare the static and kinetic friction between the textbook and the top of a lab table. If the scale measures 1,580 g while the student is pulling the sliding book along the table, which reading on the scale could have been possible at the moment the student overcame the static friction? 1,140 g 1,580 g 820 g 1,860 g
Answer:
1,860
Explanation:
An object is moving along a circular track of radius 7 m with constant speed 11 m/s. Its average velocity after 8 second of the start is
Answer:
0 m/s
Explanation:
Average velocity is displacement over time.
v_avg = Δx / Δt
Displacement is the distance between the start and the finish.
The circumference of the track is:
C = 2πr
C = 2π (7 m)
C ≈ 44 m
The distance covered by the object is:
d = vt
d = (11 m/s) (8 s)
d = 88 m
So the object travels 2 circumferences, meaning it ends back where it started. Therefore, the displacement is 0 m, and the average velocity is 0 m/s.
If a ball has a mass of 5 kg and 100 J of KE, what is its velocity?
[tex]{\fcolorbox{white}{lightgreen}{\bf{\textcircled{$\checkmark$}}{Verified\:answer}}}[/tex]
Mass of ball=m=5kgKinetic energy=KE=100JVelocity=v=?We know
[tex]\boxed{\sf K.E=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto 100J=\dfrac{1}{2}5\times v^2[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto v^2=100\times \dfrac{2}{5}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto v^2=20(2)[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto v^2=40[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto v=\sqrt{40}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto v=6.2m/s[/tex]
Answer:
6.2m/s
Explanation:
[tex]r=s^2/t^2[/tex] 1. If s is tripled and t stays constant, r is multiplied by... 2. If t is doubled, and s stays constant, r is multiplies by...
Answer:
9 and 4
Explanation:
The relation is:
● r = s^2 / t^2
Triplind s means multiplying it by 3. Since it's an equation we should multiply both sides by the same number
Let k be the number we should multiply by r
●k* r = (3s)^2 / t^2
●k* r = 9s^2 /t^2
We have multiplied s^2 by 9 so we should do the same for r.
k = 9
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
Doubling t means multiplying it by 2.
Let x be the number we shoukd multiply by r.
● x* r = s^2/(2t)^2
● x*r = s^2/ 4t^2
We have multiplied t^2 by 4 so we should do the same for r.
x= 4
A charge (uniform linear density = 8.8 nC/m) lies on a string that is stretched along an x axis from x = 0 to x = 3.1 m. Determine the magnitude of the electric field at x = 5.2 m on the x axis.
Answer:
answer= 73.1256 [tex]i[/tex]
Explanation:
The electric charge linear density is equal to 8.8 x[tex]10^{-9}[/tex]
the length of the string is 3.1m
The magnitude of the electric field at the length of the string equal to 5.2 meters can be calculated with the formula ;
- E = λ / 4πε₀ [ [tex]l[/tex] / α ( α +
Solution:
E = 8.8 x[tex]10^{-9}[/tex] / 4πε₀ [ 3.1/ 5.2( 5.2 + 3.1) ] [tex]i[/tex]
= 1018.0995 [0.07183] [tex]i[/tex]
= 73.1256 [tex]i[/tex]
A 30-cm long string, with one end clamped and the other free to move transversely, is vibrating in its second harmonic. The wavelength of the constituent traveling waves is:
Answer:
[tex]\lambda[/tex] = 40 cm
Explanation:
given data
string length = 30 cm
solution
we take here equation of length that is
L = [tex]n \times \frac{1}{4} \lambda[/tex] ...............1
so
total length will be here
[tex]L = \frac{\lambda}{2} + \frac{\lambda}{4}\\[/tex]
[tex]L = \frac{3 \lambda }{4}[/tex]
so [tex]\lambda[/tex] will be
[tex]\lambda = \frac{4L}{3}\\\lambda = \frac{4\times 30}{3}[/tex]
[tex]\lambda[/tex] = 40 cm
Calculate the Schwarzschild radius (in kilometers) for each of the following.1.) A 1 ×108MSun black hole in the center of a quasar. Express your answer using two significant figures.2.) A 6 MSun black hole that formed in the supernova of a massive star. Express your answer using two significant figures.3.) A mini-black hole with the mass of the Moon. Express your answer using two significant figures.4.) Estimate the Schwarzschild radius (in kilometers) for a mini-black hole formed when a superadvanced civilization decides to punish you (unfairly) by squeezing you until you become so small that you disappear inside your own event horizon. (Assume that your weight is 50 kg.) Express your answer using one significant figure.
Answer:
(I). The Schwarzschild radius is [tex]2.94\times10^{8}\ km[/tex]
(II). The Schwarzschild radius is 17.7 km.
(III). The Schwarzschild radius is [tex]1.1\times10^{-7}\ km[/tex]
(IV). The Schwarzschild radius is [tex]7.4\times10^{-29}\ km[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
Mass of black hole [tex]m= 1\times10^{8} M_{sun}[/tex]
(I). We need to calculate the Schwarzschild radius
Using formula of radius
[tex]R_{g}=\dfrac{2MG}{c^2}[/tex]
Where, G = gravitational constant
M = mass
c = speed of light
Put the value into the formula
[tex]R_{g}=\dfrac{2\times6.67\times10^{-11}\times1\times10^{8}\times1.989\times10^{30}}{(3\times10^{8})^2}[/tex]
[tex]R_{g}=2.94\times10^{8}\ km[/tex]
(II). Mass of block hole [tex]m= 6 M_{sun}[/tex]
We need to calculate the Schwarzschild radius
Using formula of radius
[tex]R_{g}=\dfrac{2MG}{c^2}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]R_{g}=\dfrac{2\times6.67\times10^{-11}\times6\times1.989\times10^{30}}{(3\times10^{8})^2}[/tex]
[tex]R_{g}=17.7\ km[/tex]
(III). Mass of block hole m= mass of moon
We need to calculate the Schwarzschild radius
Using formula of radius
[tex]R_{g}=\dfrac{2MG}{c^2}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]R_{g}=\dfrac{2\times6.67\times10^{-11}\times7.35\times10^{22}}{(3\times10^{8})^2}[/tex]
[tex]R_{g}=1.1\times10^{-7}\ km[/tex]
(IV). Mass = 50 kg
We need to calculate the Schwarzschild radius
Using formula of radius
[tex]R_{g}=\dfrac{2MG}{c^2}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]R_{g}=\dfrac{2\times6.67\times10^{-11}\times50}{(3\times10^{8})^2}[/tex]
[tex]R_{g}=7.4\times10^{-29}\ km[/tex]
Hence, (I). The Schwarzschild radius is [tex]2.94\times10^{8}\ km[/tex]
(II). The Schwarzschild radius is 17.7 km.
(III). The Schwarzschild radius is [tex]1.1\times10^{-7}\ km[/tex]
(IV). The Schwarzschild radius is [tex]7.4\times10^{-29}\ km[/tex]
The energy conservation allows to find the Schwarschild radius for several bodies of different masses are:
1) Black hole quasar is: r = 2.9 10⁸ km
2) Blsck hole supernove is: r = 17.7 km
3) Mini black hole is: r = 1.1 10⁻⁷ km
4) Human body is: r= 7 10⁻²⁹ km
The schwarschild radius is defined as the distance from a black hole center at radius which the escape velocity is equal to the light speed, in some cases it is also called the event horizon.
Let's use Newton's second law where force is the universal law of attraction and acceleration is centripetal.
F = ma
F = [tex]G \frac{Mm}{r^2}[/tex]
Where F is the force, M the mass of the black hole, m the handle of the body, r the radius and v the speed of the body.
The energy of the gravitational field is
F = [tex]- \frac{dU}{dr }[/tex]
U = [tex]-G \frac{Mm}{r}[/tex]
Let's use conservation of energy
Em₀ = K + U = ½ m v² - [tex]G \frac{Mm}{r}[/tex]
In infinity the energy
Em_f = 0
energy is conserved
Em₀ = Em_f
½ m v² - [tex]G \frac{Mm }{r}[/tex] = 0
r = [tex]\frac{2GM}{v^2}[/tex]
From the definition of the Schwarschild radius this speed is equal to the light speed
v = c
r = [tex]\frac{2GM}{c^2 }[/tex]
They ask to calculate the radius for several cases of different mass, claculate the constant value
V = [tex]\frac{2 \ 6.67 \ 10^{-11} }{(3 \ 10^8) ^2 }[/tex]
V = 1.482 10⁻²⁷
1) A black hole of mass M = 1 10⁸ [tex]M_{sum}[/tex]
The tabulated mass of the sun is [tex]M_{sum}[/tex] = 1.989 10³⁰ kg
Let's substitute
r = 1.482 10⁻²⁷ 1 10⁸ 1.989 10³⁰
r = 2.94 10⁸ km
With two significant figures
r = 2.9 10⁸ km
2) A black hole of mass M = 6 [tex]M_{sum}[/tex]
r = 1.482 10⁻²⁷ 6 1.989 10-30
r = 17.7 km
3) a mini black hole with the mass of the moon
Tabulated mass of the moon M = 7.35 10²² kg
r = 1.482 10⁻²⁷ 7.35 10²²
r = 1.1 10⁻⁷ km
4) A person of M = 50 kg
r = 1.482 10⁻²⁷ 50
r= 7 10-29 km
In conclusion using the conservation of energy we can find the Schwarschild radius for several bodies of different masses are:
1) Black hole quasar is: r = 2.9 10⁸ km
2) Blsck hole supernove is: r = 17.7 km
3) Mini black hole is: r = 1.1 10⁻⁷ km
4) Human body is: r= 7 10⁻²⁹ km
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Astronomers can now report that active star formation was going on at a time when the universe was only 20% as old as it is today. When astronomers make such a statement, how can they know what was happening inside galaxies way back then
Answer:
First, as you may know, the light travels at a given velocity.
In vaccum, this velocity is c = 3x10^8 m/s.
And we know that:
distance = velocity*time
Now, if some object (like a star ) is really far away, the light that comes from that star may take years to reach the Earth.
This means that the images that the astronomers see today, actually happened years and years ago (So the night sky is like a picture of the "past" of the universe)
Also, for example, if an astronomer sees some particular thing, he can apply a model (a "simplification" of some phenomena that is used to simplify it an explain it) and with the model, the scientist can infer the information of the given thing some time before it was seen.
The astronomers could know what was happening inside galaxies way back then by the fact that;
they examine the spectra of galaxies (or the overall colors of galaxies) with the highest redshifts they can find
Astronomers Measure the wavelength of the light that is stretched, so the light is seen as 'shifted' towards the red part of the spectrum by using spectroscopy. This measure is also called redshift.
This invokes a ray of light through a triangular prism that splits the light into various components known as spectrum.
The way the astronomers could use this concept to know what was happening in the galaxies before is by examining the spectra of galaxies that have the highest redshifts.
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