what was the common name for the governmental program that handed out money to people (that many considered shameful) during the great depression?

The federal law that defines the basic statutory requirements for protecting federal computer systems is 1987 Computer Security Act.

Computer Security Act - The Computer Security Act of 1987 was a United States federal law established to protect federal computers and data. It required that federal agencies develop security plans to safeguard sensitive information. The Act necessitated the establishment of computer security programs and the formation of a Computer System Security and Privacy Advisory Board to assist federal agencies in complying with the Act's provisions.

In a nutshell, the law aims to improve the security and privacy of sensitive information in federal computer systems by regulating and creating guidelines for information security management practices.

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The person who went on to found the Red Cross after serving as a nurse in Union battlefield units during the Civil War was Clara Barton.

Clara Barton was a dedicated nurse who provided aid and care to wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Inspired by her experiences and witnessing the need for organized humanitarian efforts, she founded the American Red Cross in 1881, which later became part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Clara Barton played a crucial role in establishing the Red Cross as a humanitarian organization dedicated to providing assistance during times of war, natural disasters, and other emergencies.

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The person who went on to found the Red Cross after serving as a nurse in Union battlefield units during the Civil War was Clara Barton.

Clara Barton was a dedicated nurse who provided aid and care to wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Inspired by her experiences and witnessing the need for organized humanitarian efforts, she founded the American Red Cross in 1881, which later became part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Clara Barton played a crucial role in establishing the Red Cross as a humanitarian organization dedicated to providing assistance during times of war, natural disasters, and other emergencies.

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African American slavery in the United States was racially based, chattel slavery characterized by extreme brutality and dehumanization, where enslaved individuals were considered property, had no legal rights, and their status was typically hereditary;

Slavery in the ancient world, such as in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, Greece, or Rome, was more diverse and varied, with slaves being captured through warfare, debt, or as punishment, and while conditions varied, they were not solely defined by race and had some legal protections.

African American slavery in the United States was a system that specifically targeted people of African descent, exploiting them as property for economic gain. Enslaved individuals were considered legal property, with no rights or protections, and their status was often inherited, leading to generations of enslaved people. They were subjected to extreme brutality, dehumanization, and systematic oppression.

In contrast, slavery in the ancient world was not solely based on race. Slaves in ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, Greece, or Rome could be acquired through various means such as warfare, debt, or as punishment for crimes. While conditions for slaves varied across different societies and time periods, they were not universally subjected to the same level of dehumanization and brutality seen in African American slavery.

Additionally, the roles and jobs assigned to slaves differed. In the United States, enslaved individuals performed various tasks, both in the fields and within households. However, there was a distinction between house slaves and field slaves, with house slaves generally having better living conditions and potentially more opportunities for advancement.

In the ancient world, the roles of slaves were also diverse. They could work as agricultural laborers, artisans, household servants, or even hold administrative positions. Slavery in ancient societies often had a more nuanced social hierarchy, with some slaves occupying higher positions and having more opportunities for social mobility.

Regarding gender, both African American slavery and ancient slavery saw men and women enslaved. However, the specific roles and experiences of enslaved women differed. In the United States, enslaved women were often subjected to sexual exploitation and forced reproduction, with their children also being enslaved. In ancient societies, while women could also face sexual exploitation, their roles could extend beyond reproduction, and they could be employed in various labor-intensive tasks.

During the Civil War in the United States, enslaved individuals faced uncertainty and peril. Some sought refuge with Union forces, hoping for freedom, while others were used by the Confederacy to support their war efforts. Their lives were marked by constant fear, the threat of violence, and the desire for emancipation.

Comparatively, in Roman culture, slaves had more opportunities for manumission (being freed) and social mobility. Some slaves in Rome were able to accumulate wealth, gain education, and eventually secure their freedom, often through acts of loyalty or impressive skills. However, it is important to note that these opportunities were not available to all slaves, and the majority still faced harsh living conditions and limited rights.

In conclusion, while there are similarities and differences between African American slavery and slavery in the ancient world, the former was characterized by racial-based chattel slavery with extreme brutality and dehumanization, while the latter had a more varied and complex nature, with slaves being acquired through different means and having some legal protections. The experiences of enslaved individuals during the Civil War and in Roman culture also exhibited both shared struggles and divergent opportunities for mobility.

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Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C. during the reign of Jehoiakim, king of Judah. Therefore, the correct option is "Jehoiakim".

King Jehoiakim was appointed by Pharaoh Necho of Egypt, after Josiah his predecessor had been slain in battle in 609 BC. Jehoiakim was placed on the throne as a vassal king. He reigned for eleven years from 609 BC to 598 BC. During his reign, he committed sins and refused to listen to the word of God from the prophet Jeremiah.

As a result, God brought the Babylonians upon the kingdom of Judah. They came in three waves and carried off captives. The first wave took place in 605 BC when Daniel and some of the young nobles were taken into captivity. This was the period that Daniel was taken into Babylon.

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The true statement about US Indian Policy during the 1820s-1830s is: The Supreme Court ruled that individual states had sovereignty over the Indian tribes living inside their state borders. Option C is the correct answer.

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a distinct political community with the right to self-governance and that Georgia's extension of state laws over the Cherokee territory was unconstitutional. Chief Justice John Marshall's decision affirmed the sovereignty of Indian tribes and their right to self-government.

The US government did remove the Cherokee Nation despite their efforts to assimilate. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the forced removal of thousands of Native Americans from their ancestral lands, including the infamous Trail of Tears.

Social reform movements born out of the Second Great Awakening, such as the abolitionist movement, did advocate for Indian rights and opposed the removal policy. Figures like William Lloyd Garrison and Theodore Dwight Weld were vocal critics of Indian removal.

White Americans did not universally support Indian removal. While some politicians and settlers supported the policy for various reasons, there were also significant opposition and protests against Indian removal by individuals and organizations who believed in protecting Native American rights and lands. Option C is the correct answer.

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Answer:

Explanation:

In the 1830s, a large portion of the Democratic Party in the United States held the following beliefs:

1. Limited government: Democrats generally favored a limited role for the federal government, emphasizing states' rights and a more decentralized form of governance.

2. Expansion of white male suffrage: Democrats supported the expansion of voting rights for white males, advocating for the removal of property ownership requirements and other restrictions on voting.

3. Agrarianism: Many Democrats championed the interests of farmers and rural communities, promoting policies that would support agricultural production and protect the agrarian way of life.

4. Laissez-faire economics: Democrats generally favored a hands-off approach to the economy, opposing government intervention and regulation. They believed in free trade and limited economic restrictions.

5. Opposition to a national bank: Democrats were typically opposed to the establishment of a national bank and advocated for the decentralization of banking and financial power.

6. Manifest Destiny: Democrats supported the concept of Manifest Destiny, which held that the United States had a mission to expand westward and occupy the continent from coast to coast.

It is important to note that political beliefs and platforms can evolve and change over time, and individual Democrats may have held a range of different views within the party.

The Bolshevik leader matched with descriptions of their roles in the early history of the Soviet Union: Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Bukharin.

The Bolshevik leaders matched with descriptions of their roles in the early history of the Soviet Union:

Vladimir Lenin: Leader and founder of the Bolshevik Party, instrumental in leading the October Revolution of 1917 and establishing the Soviet Union. Lenin became the first head of the Soviet government and played a crucial role in shaping the early policies and direction of the new socialist state.

Leon Trotsky: A prominent Bolshevik leader and military strategist, Trotsky played a key role in organizing and leading the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. He served as People's Commissar for War and was a close associate of Lenin. However, Trotsky eventually fell out of favor with other Bolshevik leaders and was later expelled from the Soviet Union.

Joseph Stalin: Initially a member of the Bolshevik Party and a close ally of Lenin, Stalin rose to power after Lenin's death in 1924. He played a central role in consolidating power within the party and establishing a totalitarian regime. Stalin's leadership was characterized by collectivization, rapid industrialization, and purges, leading to significant social, political, and economic transformation in the Soviet Union.

Nikolai Bukharin: A prominent Bolshevik theorist and economist, Bukharin was a leading figure in the party and played a significant role in the early years of the Soviet Union. He advocated for the New Economic Policy (NEP), which allowed for limited market reforms and private enterprise within the framework of socialism.

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The first Chinese cities developed on the North China Plain primarily because the North China Plain was protected from outside invasion. Option A is the correct answer.

One of the key factors was the presence of freshwater rivers, particularly the Yellow River (Huang He) and its tributaries, which supplied the plain with abundant water resources. The rivers provided irrigation for agriculture, enabling the cultivation of crops in the fertile and well-watered farmlands.

The availability of wide-open and fertile farmlands on the North China Plain attracted early settlers. The plain offered vast expanses of arable land suitable for farming, which could support a growing population and sustain the development of complex societies. The agricultural productivity of the region contributed to the formation of settled communities and the emergence of early urban centers.

Another factor that contributed to the development of cities on the North China Plain was the construction of the Grand Canal during the Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE). The Grand Canal served as a crucial waterway connecting the Yellow River and other rivers in the region, facilitating transportation, trade, and communication. Option A is the correct answer.

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During World War II, African American soldiers were forced to train in segregated camps, live in segregated barracks, and serve in segregated units.

The discriminatory practices and policies within the military continued throughout the war, with African American soldiers being subjected to various forms of segregation and discrimination. African American soldiers were not allowed to serve in combat units and were instead relegated to support roles.

They were often given the most dangerous and menial tasks, and their achievements and contributions were ignored and overlooked by the military leadership. African American soldiers were also denied access to many of the same facilities and services that their white counterparts enjoyed, such as medical care, housing, and recreational facilities.

The military leadership was slow to address these issues, and it was only after years of pressure from civil rights groups and African American leaders that some progress was made. The desegregation of the military did not happen until after World War II, when President Truman issued an executive order in 1948 that called for an end to segregation in the armed forces.

Despite the challenges and obstacles they faced, African American soldiers made significant contributions to the war effort and played a crucial role in helping to secure victory for the Allied powers.

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Answer:Critics of capitalism have pointed out various problems with the system, but one main problem they often highlight is income inequality. Income inequality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and resources among individuals within a society.

The critics argue that capitalism tends to concentrate wealth and power in the hands of a few, leading to a significant gap between the rich and the poor. They believe that this concentration of wealth leads to social and economic disparities, which can perpetuate poverty, hinder social mobility, and create social unrest.

Whether this problem has gotten better or worse over the years is a complex and debated topic. On one hand, proponents of capitalism argue that it has lifted millions of people out of poverty and created unprecedented economic growth, which they believe ultimately benefits society as a whole. They argue that the wealth created by capitalism can be redistributed through social welfare programs and policies to address income inequality.

On the other hand, critics argue that income inequality has been on the rise in many capitalist economies, with the rich getting richer and the poor struggling to make ends meet. They contend that structural issues within capitalism, such as unequal access to opportunities, tax loopholes, and the influence of corporate power, exacerbate income inequality.

Overall, the question of whether income inequality has gotten better or worse over the years is a matter of perspective and varies depending on the specific country and time period under consideration. It is an ongoing challenge that societies and governments continue to grapple with in order to strike a balance between economic growth and ensuring fair distribution of resources.

Explanation:

The illness that still results in occasional deaths but was a devastating pandemic in the 1300s, killing millions, is the plague. Specifically, it refers to the bubonic plague, which was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history.

The bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death, spread across Europe in the mid-14th century, originating in Asia and carried by fleas infesting rats. It caused widespread devastation and resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75-200 million people, decimating a significant portion of the population at the time. The plague had a severe impact on social, economic, and political structures, causing immense suffering and leaving lasting scars on affected regions.

The disease was characterized by fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes (buboes), and various other symptoms. It had different forms, including the bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague. The bubonic plague, transmitted by fleas, was the most common and caused painful swelling of the lymph nodes. The septicemic plague affected the bloodstream, and the pneumonic plague affected the lungs, making it highly contagious through respiratory droplets.

While modern medicine and advancements in hygiene have significantly reduced the impact of the plague, occasional cases still occur. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics have been effective in managing the disease. However, during the 14th century, when medical knowledge was limited and preventive measures were insufficient, the plague spread rapidly and caused devastating loss of life, leaving an indelible mark on history.

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Answer:In the 17th century, there were notable differences between American culture and European culture. Let's explore some of these differences:

1. Origins: American culture in the 17th century was primarily shaped by the colonizers who migrated from Europe, including the English, Dutch, French, and Spanish. These European settlers brought with them their own cultural traditions, languages, and religious beliefs. In contrast, European culture during this period was more diverse, encompassing various nations and regions, each with its own distinct customs and practices.

2. Indigenous Influence: American culture in the 17th century was also influenced by the indigenous peoples who inhabited the land before European colonization. Native American cultures had their own unique languages, traditions, and social structures, which influenced aspects of American culture. European culture, on the other hand, did not have such a significant indigenous influence.

3. Religion: Religion played a crucial role in shaping both American and European cultures during the 17th century. In America, the colonies were established by religious groups seeking freedom from persecution or looking to spread their own religious beliefs. For example, the Puritans who settled in New England sought to create a society based on strict religious principles. In contrast, Europe had a more diverse religious landscape, with various Christian denominations, such as Protestantism and Catholicism, coexisting alongside each other.

4. Economic Activities: Another difference between American and European culture in the 17th century was their economic activities. In America, the colonies were primarily focused on agriculture, with cash crops like tobacco and cotton being cultivated for export. European culture, on the other hand, was more industrialized and trade-oriented. Europe had well-established trade networks and developed industries, such as textiles, metalworking, and shipbuilding.

5. Social Structure: The social structure in both American and European cultures during the 17th century differed. In America, the colonies were more egalitarian compared to Europe, as they lacked the strict social hierarchies present in European societies. However, it's important to note that this varied among the different colonies, as some were more hierarchical than others. In Europe, social classes were well-defined, with nobility, clergy, and commoners occupying distinct positions in society.

It's essential to recognize that these are generalizations, and there were variations within both American and European cultures during the 17th century. Additionally, as time progressed, cultural exchange and adaptation occurred between the two regions, further blurring some of these distinctions

Explanation:

"Nathanson claims that the principle of lex talionis would give us no guidance in devising a punishment for d.r.u.n.k driving."

According to Nathanson, the principle of lex talionis, also known as "an eye for an eye," would not provide us with any clear guidance in determining an appropriate punishment for d.r.u.n.k driving. The principle of lex talionis suggests that the punishment should be equivalent to the harm inflicted. However, when it comes to d.r.u.n.k driving, the harm caused is not easily quantifiable.

It involves risks to public safety, potential injury or loss of life, property damage, and emotional trauma. Assigning a punishment based solely on the principle of equivalence would be insufficient in addressing these complex consequences. Therefore, Nathanson argues that alternative principles, such as deterrence, rehabilitation, and public safety, should be considered when devising appropriate punishments for d.r.u.n.k driving.

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The principle of lex talionis does not provide guidance for devising punishments for crimes that involve property destruction or theft without force or the threat of force.

The principle of lex talionis, also known as "an eye for an eye," states that the punishment for a crime should be proportionate to the harm caused. Thus, it is a legal principle or code of justice where punishment is to be equivalent to the harm or injury caused, ensuring a proportionate response for offences committed.

However, Nathanson argues that lex talionis would give us no guidance in devising a punishment for crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property but do not use force or the threat of force. These types of offences do not fit the traditional understanding of lex talionis, as they do not involve physical harm or injury to another person.

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Santa Claus is based on a combination of different historical figures and legends. One of the main inspirations for the modern-day Santa Claus is Saint Nicholas, a 4th-century Christian bishop from Myra, which is now modern-day Turkey. Saint Nicholas was known for his generosity and gift-giving.

Another significant influence on Santa Claus is the Dutch figure Sinterklaas, who was a mythical figure associated with the celebration of Saint Nicholas' feast day on December 6th. Sinterklaas wore a red bishop's robe and traveled on a white horse, delivering presents to children. In addition to Saint Nicholas and Sinterklaas, there are other cultural influences on the character of Santa Claus.

For example, the British figure Father Christmas and the German figure Christkind both played a role in shaping the modern image of Santa Claus. The image of Santa Claus that we are most familiar with today was popularized in the 19th century through various stories, poems, and illustrations. One influential figure in shaping the modern-day Santa Claus is the American author Clement Clarke Moore, who wrote the famous poem "A Visit from St. Nicholas," also known as "The Night Before Christmas."

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Title: Analyzing Clare Boothe Luce's Rhetorical Choices in "The Role of American Women in Wartime"

Thesis: In her address "The Role of American Women in Wartime," Clare Boothe Luce effectively conveys her message that women needed to prepare for increased sacrifices in the war effort through her strategic use of persuasive techniques, emotional appeals, and vivid imagery.

Luce strategically employs persuasive techniques to convey her message. She utilizes rhetorical questions such as, "Do women really appreciate that sacrifice is asked of them?" to engage her audience and prompt them to reflect on their own commitment to the war.

By posing these questions, Luce encourages women to consider the importance of their sacrifices and motivates them to continue their efforts.

Moreover, Luce employs emotional appeals to evoke a sense of duty and patriotism in her audience. She appeals to their sense of empathy by highlighting the hardships faced by soldiers on the front lines and emphasizes that women have a responsibility to support them.

For instance, she states, "Our men are giving up everything...we can give up a little of our freedom, a little of our pleasure, a little of our time." This emotional appeal evokes a sense of guilt and duty, compelling women to make further sacrifices.

Furthermore, Luce's effective use of vivid imagery helps reinforce her message. She vividly describes the grim reality of war, painting a picture of sacrifice and struggle. By describing the "ragged boys on Bataan" and the "dying men in Burma," Luce creates a visual representation of the hardships faced by soldiers, making it clear that women must be prepared to endure additional sacrifices to support the war effort.

In conclusion, Clare Boothe Luce skillfully utilizes persuasive techniques, emotional appeals, and vivid imagery to convey her message that women needed to prepare for increased sacrifices during the war.

Her strategic rhetorical choices effectively engage the audience, evoke emotions, and emphasize the gravity of the situation. Through this powerful address, Luce successfully motivates women to continue their vital contributions to the war effort.

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The Progressive movement was known for advocating social and political reforms to address issues such as corruption, economic inequality, and social injustice in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The Progressive movement emerged in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to the social and political challenges brought about by industrialization and urbanization. Progressives sought to address the issues of corruption, economic inequality, and social injustice through various reforms.

They aimed to increase government intervention to regulate big businesses, improve labor conditions, and expand social welfare programs. Progressives also advocated for political reforms, such as direct primaries, women's suffrage, and the initiative and referendum processes, to empower ordinary citizens and curb the influence of powerful interests. Their efforts led to significant changes in areas such as child labor laws, worker safety regulations, antitrust legislation, and the expansion of voting rights.

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increase.

The Royal Proclamation of 1763, issued by the British Crown, indeed restricted the westward migration of colonists beyond the Appalachian Mountains in North America.

By limiting settlement in these areas, the available supply of land for colonists decreased. Assuming all other factors remain constant, a decrease in the supply of land would lead to an increase in the equilibrium price of land.With a reduced supply of land, the demand for land among colonists would still exist or even increase due to population growth, agricultural expansion, or other factors.

As a result, the scarcity of available land would drive up its price as individuals and groups competed for the limited resources. Thus, the equilibrium price of colonist land would rise in response to the restriction imposed by the Royal Proclamation of 1763.

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The Titanic was not the first ocean-crossing ship to use a wireless apparatus to request emergency assistance. It was first used 13 years earlier by the Cunard liner the SS Lucania.

In December 1901, Guglielmo Marconi sent a message from Cornwall, England to St. John's, Newfoundland, marking the first-ever radio communication across the Atlantic.The Titanic disaster happened in April 1912. Titanic's wireless operators had sent out a distress signal to nearby ships, but they were all too far away to reach before Titanic sank. The wireless apparatus played a significant role in Titanic's tragedy as it was primarily used to send commercial messages and personal telegrams.

The fact that Titanic didn't have enough lifeboats for all of its passengers and crewmembers, and its watertight compartments weren't sufficient, also contributed to the high loss of life.When the Titanic hit an iceberg, the wireless operators Jack Phillips and Harold Bride began sending out a distress signal in the hope of finding nearby ships. They didn't receive a response until the Carpathia responded and sailed to rescue Titanic's survivors.

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Renato Rosaldo, an anthropologist, explored the relationship between language and culture in his work. In his book "Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis," Rosaldo discussed how language shaped his reality and played a transformative role in his emotional state.

Rosaldo's engagement with the language and cultural practices of the Ilongot people in the Philippines deeply influenced his understanding of the world. Through immersing himself in the Ilongot language, he gained insights into their unique concepts, expressions, and ways of experiencing the world. Language allowed him to perceive and interpret reality through the cultural lens of the Ilongot people.

The expansion of language for Rosaldo went beyond mere communication; it facilitated a profound emotional transformation. As he learned more about the Ilongot language and its nuances, he gained a deeper appreciation for their cultural values, beliefs, and emotions. This expanded understanding helped him to develop empathy, connect with others on a more profound level, and challenge his own preconceived notions and biases.

Rosaldo's emotional state underwent a transformation as he became more proficient in the Ilongot language. The expanded linguistic repertoire allowed him to express and articulate emotions and experiences that were previously inaccessible to him. It broadened his emotional range and provided him with new tools to navigate and make sense of the world.

Language, therefore, played a significant role in shaping Rosaldo's reality by providing him with a cultural and emotional framework through which he could engage with the Ilongot people. The expansion of language not only deepened his understanding of their culture but also transformed his own emotional state, allowing him to form meaningful connections and fostering personal growth in the process.

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The statement that reflects planter paternalism is: "The black man poses a threat to the white man, so he must be carefully restrained." So, option d is correct.

Planter paternalism refers to a belief system prevalent among some slaveholding plantation owners in the American South. It was characterized by the notion that slaveholders had a moral and social responsibility to care for and manage their enslaved individuals as if they were dependent children. This ideology justified the institution of slavery by asserting that African Americans were incapable of self-governance and required the guidance and control of white slaveholders.

The statement reflects planter paternalism by suggesting that the black man poses a threat to the white man and needs to be carefully restrained. It implies that African Americans are viewed as inherently dangerous or inferior and requires white control to prevent any potential harm. This viewpoint aligns with the paternalistic belief that slaves needed the supervision and management of their white masters for their own well-being and the stability of society. So, option d is correct.

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During the Age of the Apostolic Fathers, in A.D. 100-150, frequent references were made to the Gospels and Epistles.

The Age of the Apostolic Fathers refers to the period in early Christianity from approximately A.D. 70 to 150. It is characterized by the writings of the early Christian leaders who lived during or shortly after the time of the apostles. These writings are known as the Apostolic Fathers because they were considered to have a direct connection to the apostles.

During this period, frequent references were made to the Gospels and Epistles, which are the books of the New Testament that contain the teachings and letters of Jesus and the apostles. The Gospels, including Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, record the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus. The Epistles, such as the letters of Paul, Peter, James, and John, provide instructions, teachings, and guidance to the early Christian communities.

The writings of the Apostolic Fathers played a significant role in shaping early Christian doctrine and practices. They were highly regarded and considered authoritative by the early Christian communities. These writings not only referenced the Gospels and Epistles but also addressed various theological, ethical, and practical matters of the early Christian faith.

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In 1836, President Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which provided that the government would accept only gold and silver as payment for public lands.

The Specie Circular, issued by President Jackson in 1836, was an executive order that mandated that payment for federal lands could only be made in gold and silver. This order was in response to the nation's economic instability and the resulting problem of issuing paper currency that could not be exchanged for gold or silver. The government hoped that requiring payment in gold or silver would assist to stabilize the economy by increasing the circulation of those precious metals.

As a result of the Specie Circular, banks were compelled to contract their lending practices since they could no longer issue paper currency to settle payments with the government. This, along with a host of other factors, led to a financial crisis in 1837, which triggered a five-year depression known as the Panic of 1837.

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The order in which a dynasty gains and loses power in the Mandate of Heaven is as follows:

In the Mandate of Heaven, the concept is that a dynasty gains power when it successfully overthrows the previous ruling dynasty and establishes itself as the new ruling power. Once in power, the dynasty rules and enjoys the support of the people. However, over time, the dynasty may become corrupt, weak, or unable to effectively govern, causing dissatisfaction among the population.

As a result, the dynasty grows weak, losing its legitimacy and the support of the people. Eventually, the mandate of heaven is lost, leading to the rise of a new dynasty that is seen as having the divine right to rule.

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The universalizing religion that originated in India and was brought by missionaries into China, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Tibet, and Mongolia, where it became the dominant religion, is Buddhism.

Buddhism was founded in the 6th century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha. After attaining enlightenment, the Buddha began teaching his insights and spiritual teachings to others. Over time, Buddhism spread beyond its place of origin and reached various parts of Asia through the efforts of missionaries.

Southeast Asia, including countries like Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos, also embraced Buddhism. It became the dominant religion in these regions, and numerous temples and pagodas were constructed. In Tibet, Buddhism was introduced in the 7th century CE. Tibetan Buddhism developed its unique traditions and practices, blending elements of Indian Buddhism with local beliefs and rituals. Lastly, in Mongolia, Buddhism was introduced in the 13th century CE. It became the state religion under the Mongol Empire and had a significant influence on Mongolian culture and society.

In conclusion, Buddhism originated in India and spread to various parts of Asia through the efforts of missionaries. It became the dominant religion in China, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Tibet, and Mongolia, leaving a lasting impact on the cultural, social, and religious landscapes of these regions.

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A commune was a place where members of the hippie counterculture lived together without private property.

Communes were intentional communities where individuals sought to create alternative lifestyles based on principles of communal living, shared resources, and rejection of traditional societal norms. These communes emerged during the 1960s and 1970s as part of the larger hippie movement, which emphasized peace, love, and a rejection of mainstream consumerism and materialism.

Communes often aimed to create self-sufficient communities that promoted cooperation, egalitarianism, and non-hierarchical decision-making. They were seen as a way to escape the constraints of mainstream society and create alternative social structures based on communal values.

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Answer:

The correct answer is A. The Board of Minister.

Explanation:

The Parliament of Malaysia is composed of three components:

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), who is the head of state.

The Senate, which is the upper house of Parliament.

The House of Representatives, which is the lower house of Parliament.

The Board of Ministers is not a component of Parliament. It is the executive branch of the government, and is responsible for carrying out the laws that are passed by Parliament.

Here is a table that summarizes the three components of Parliament:

Component Description

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong The head of state of Malaysia. He is elected by the rulers of the 13 states.

The Senate The upper house of Parliament. It has 70 members, who are elected by the state legislatures and the federal territories.

The House of Representatives The lower house of Parliament. It has 222 members, who are elected by the people of Malaysia.

Chandra Gupta II conquered the western area along the Arabian Sea from about 380 to 415 CE. So, the correct choice is option ''the western area along the Arabian Sea''.

Based on the information provided, Chandra Gupta II, who is represented by the green shading on the map, conquered the western area along the Arabian Sea from approximately 380 to 415 CE.

It is important to note that the map does not provide specific details regarding the exact territories or cities conquered by Chandra Gupta II, but it indicates the general area of his expansion during the mentioned timeframe. So, the correct choice is option ''the western area along the Arabian Sea''.

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In the given sentence, the type of context clue that helps describe the meaning of the underlined term "arable land" is a definition or explanation clue.

A definition or explanation clue provides additional information or a specific definition of the word or term being used. In this case, the phrase "with arable land" is used to describe the type of land found in river valleys where most people live.

The phrase explains that the land in river valleys is arable, meaning it is suitable for farming and agriculture. It implies that the soil in these areas is fertile and can support the growth of crops.

By providing the definition or explanation of "arable land," the sentence helps the reader understand why most people prefer to live in river valleys rather than in desert areas with unfertile sands. It highlights the importance of fertile land for human settlement and sustenance.

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Answer: C: antonym or synonym

Explanation:

The decline of liberalism and the rise of the New Right can be attributed to several interconnected factors that unfolded over time.

These factors include social and cultural changes, economic shifts, and political strategies. Additionally, President Richard Nixon's Southern Strategy played a significant role in reshaping the political landscape.

Social and Cultural Changes: The 1960s and 1970s were characterized by a series of social and cultural upheavals, such as the civil rights movement, the women's liberation movement, and the countercultural movements. These movements challenged traditional norms and values, generating a backlash among conservative segments of society.

Economic Shifts: The 1970s witnessed economic challenges, including stagflation (a combination of stagnant economic growth and high inflation) and the oil crisis. These economic hardships created a sense of uncertainty and discontent, leading some individuals to question the effectiveness of liberal policies and institutions.

Political Strategies: Nixon's Southern Strategy was a deliberate political strategy aimed at appealing to white Southern Democrats who were disenchanted with the Democratic Party's support for civil rights and racial integration. Recognizing the racial divisions in the South, Nixon sought to attract these voters by emphasizing law and order, states' rights, and opposition to desegregation.

The Southern Strategy, coupled with broader conservative messaging, appealed to disaffected voters who felt threatened by social changes and sought a return to more traditional values. The Republican Party, particularly in the South, capitalized on these sentiments, successfully attracting conservative voters and reshaping the political landscape.

The rise of the New Right, sometimes referred to as the conservative movement, gained momentum in the 1980s with the election of President Ronald Reagan. This movement emphasized limited government, free-market economics, traditional social values, and a strong national defense. It sought to roll back the perceived excesses of liberalism and expand conservative influence in politics and policy.

Overall, the decline of liberalism and the rise of the New Right were driven by a combination of social, cultural, economic, and political factors. The Southern Strategy employed by Nixon and subsequent conservative mobilization played a significant role in reshaping the political dynamics, particularly in the South, and contributed to the broader realignment of American politics.

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Technological innovations during the Age of Exploration enabled sailors to navigate difficult waters, embark on longer voyages, map coastlines, and discover new lands. These advancements revolutionized navigation and played a pivotal role in expanding geographical knowledge and establishing trade routes across the globe.

Technological innovations played a crucial role in shaping the Age of Exploration in the following two ways:

1. They helped sailors navigate difficult waters and embark on longer voyages. New inventions such as the astrolabe and quadrant allowed sailors to determine their latitude and longitude, making it easier to navigate vast oceans. These tools, along with improvements in shipbuilding techniques, like the introduction of the caravel, enabled sailors to venture further and more confidently into unknown territories. By having the ability to accurately plot their course and avoid treacherous areas, sailors could explore new lands and establish trade routes.

2. They aided in the mapping of coastlines and the discovery of new lands. Technological advancements such as improved cartography and the development of more accurate compasses contributed to the creation of more detailed maps.

Explorers were able to chart coastlines, record geographical features, and accurately document their discoveries. This information was crucial in expanding knowledge of the world and facilitating future explorations.

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