• What is the future value at end of year 5 for $4K payments made at the beginning of the preceding 5 years? (i = 10%) 0 4k 1 2 3 4 5 4k 4k 4k 4k

Answers

Answer 1

The future value at the end of year 5 for $4,000 payments made at the beginning of the preceding 5 years, with a 10% interest rate, is approximately $24,420.40.

To calculate the future value of $4,000 payments made at the beginning of the preceding 5 years, with an interest rate of 10%, we need to find the accumulated value of each payment and sum them up. The future value of each $4,000 payment made at the beginning of the preceding 5 years can be calculated using the formula for future value of a series of payments. The formula is given by:

FV = P * [(1 + r)ⁿ - 1] / r,

where FV is the future value, P is the payment amount, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.

In this case, P = $4,000, r = 10% (or 0.10), and n = 5. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

FV = 4000 * [(1 + 0.10)⁵ - 1] / 0.10,

FV = 4000 * (1.10⁵ - 1) / 0.10,

FV ≈ 4000 * (1.61051 - 1) / 0.10,

FV ≈ 4000 * 0.61051 / 0.10,

FV ≈ 24,420.40.

Hence, the future value at the end of year 5 for $4,000 payments made at the beginning of the preceding 5 years, with an interest rate of 10%, is approximately $24,420.4

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Related Questions

You are asked to do a disaster plan for an adult learning centre. ‘Learn More’ evening adult school has 20 adult students and the total staff isasenior and a junior teacher, an OJT (on the job trainee), a tealadyand a security guard . The school is on the second floor of a 6 floor building and occupy the whole floor. There is a single door access. Thereisasmall basement car park for staff and a larger openparkingareaforstudents across the road. The disaster suggestedis a fire inthebuilding.(a)What are the essential components of a disaster plan(b) Indicate the players and their roles The plan must provide for all in theschool plus all who may arrive in the event of adisaster includingrelatives, police, fire and ambulance if required.

Answers

a)  The essential components of a disaster plan for a fire include emergency communication, evacuation procedures, an emergency response team, staff and student training, and a system for ongoing evaluation and improvement. b) The players involved in the disaster plan are staff, students, emergency services (police, fire, and ambulance), and relevant authorities.

a) In the event of a fire, effective emergency communication is crucial to quickly notify all individuals involved. Clear evacuation procedures should be established, including designated evacuation routes and assembly points. An emergency response team, consisting of the senior and junior teachers, security guard, and tealady, should be designated with specific roles and responsibilities. Staff and student training should be conducted to ensure everyone understands fire safety protocols and evacuation procedures. Regular evaluation of the disaster plan is important to identify areas for improvement and ensure its effectiveness. (b) The players involved in the disaster plan for a fire include staff, students, emergency services (police, fire, and ambulance), and relevant authorities. Staff members are responsible for implementing evacuation procedures, guiding students, and conducting headcounts. Students should follow instructions and cooperate during the evacuation process. Emergency services will provide assistance, ensure safety, and control the situation. Relevant authorities may coordinate the response and provide additional support. The plan should account for the inclusion of all individuals present, including staff, students, relatives, emergency services, and relevant authorities.

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When it comes to the transparency of a fund's investment holdings, hedge funds typically provide greater transparency than ETFs and mutual funds.
True
False
The change in an ETF's value may not always be equal to the change in the benchmark it is attempting to mimic.
This is known as ____

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True. Hedge funds typically provide less transparency compared to ETFs and mutual funds. Tracking error. The change in an ETF's value may not always be equal to the change in the benchmark it is attempting to mimic, resulting in a tracking error.

Hedge funds, ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds), and mutual funds are all investment vehicles that offer different levels of transparency. While hedge funds are known for their limited transparency, ETFs and mutual funds generally provide more visibility into their investment holdings.

Hedge funds are often structured as private investment partnerships and are not required to disclose their holdings publicly. This lack of transparency allows hedge fund managers to maintain confidentiality and protect their proprietary investment strategies. On the other hand, ETFs and mutual funds are subject to regulations that require them to disclose their holdings regularly, providing investors with greater visibility into the assets they hold.

When it comes to tracking error, it refers to the discrepancy between the performance of an ETF and its underlying benchmark. Factors such as fees, transaction costs, and imperfect replication methods can cause the ETF's value to deviate from the benchmark. This tracking error highlights that an ETF's performance may not precisely mirror the exact movements of its benchmark index.

In summary, hedge funds offer limited transparency, while ETFs and mutual funds generally provide more visibility into their holdings. Additionally, tracking error can occur in ETFs, leading to deviations from the benchmark index they aim to replicate.

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Let U(x,y) = ax + by represent the consumer's utility function. In this case, Goods x and y are considered "economic bads" since the consumer maximizes utility by allocating her income equally among both goods
True
False

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The given statement "Goods x and y are considered 'economic bads' since the consumer maximizes utility by allocating her income equally among both goods" is False.

In this case, the utility function U(x, y) = ax + by represents the consumer's utility function. The consumer maximizes utility by allocating her income in a way that maximizes the total utility obtained from consuming goods x and y. This means that the consumer will allocate her income in such a way that maximizes the sum of ax + by.
Since there is no information given about the values of a and b, we cannot determine whether goods x and y are considered "economic bads" or not. The terms "economic bads" typically refer to goods that are considered to have negative utility or that are undesirable.

However, in this case, without further information, we cannot make any conclusions about whether goods x and y are economic bads or not based solely on the given utility function.

Therefore, the statement is false.

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Six Sigma is a business process for improving quality. It is favorable for reducing costs and increasing customer satisfaction. DMAIC (pronounced Dah-may-ic) is a problem-solving process of Six Sigma. Define the 5 steps of DMAIC and discuss their importance.

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DMAIC is a problem-solving process used in Six Sigma methodology. It stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control.

1. Define:

The Define phase involves clearly defining the problem, project goals, and customer requirements. It is essential to establish a well-defined project scope, identify key stakeholders, and set measurable objectives.

2. Measure:

In the Measure phase, the focus is on gathering data and quantitatively measuring the current process performance. This involves identifying relevant process metrics, collecting data, and establishing a baseline. .

3. Analyze:

The Analyze phase involves analyzing the collected data to identify the root causes of the problem and potential opportunities for improvement. Various tools and techniques, such as process mapping, statistical analysis, and cause-and-effect diagrams, are utilized to identify patterns, trends, and potential sources of variation.

4. Improve:

In the Improve phase, potential solutions are generated, evaluated, and implemented to address the identified root causes. This step involves brainstorming ideas, selecting the most promising solutions, and conducting small-scale experiments or pilots to validate their effectiveness.

5. Control:

The Control phase focuses on establishing controls and systems to sustain the improvements achieved. It involves developing and implementing monitoring mechanisms, documenting standard operating procedures, and establishing control plans.

The importance of following the DMAIC steps lies in their systematic approach to problem-solving. By defining the problem clearly, measuring the current state, analyzing data, implementing improvements, and establishing control measures, organizations can effectively identify and address process-related issues. DMAIC provides a structured framework for continuous improvement, enabling organizations to reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, and enhance overall process performance.

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An Individual Retirement Account (IRA) has $20,000 in it, and the owner decides not to add any more money to the account other than interest earned at 8% compounded daily. How much will be in the account 30 years from now when the owner reaches retirement age? There will be $ in the account. (Round to the nearest cent. Use a 365-day year.)

Answers

The account will have approximately $174,494.06 in it when the owner reaches retirement age.

To calculate the future value of the IRA, we can use the compound interest formula:

FV = P * [tex](1 + r/n)^(^n^*^t^)[/tex]

Where FV represents the future value, P is the initial principal amount ($20,000), r is the annual interest rate (8%), n is the number of compounding periods per year (365 for daily compounding), and t is the number of years (30).

Substituting the values into the formula, we get:

FV = $20,000 * [tex](1 + 0.08/365)^(^3^6^5^*^3^0^)[/tex]

Calculating the expression, we find:

FV ≈ $174,494.06

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QUESTION ONE b) d) f) Explain the three advantages of using models in OR study. (6 marks) State Four advantages of OR study approach in decision making. (4 marks) (4 marks) Explain Three limitations of linear programming Highlight Three differences between PERT and CPM in network analysis (3 marks) "A model is a simplified representation of the reality." Highlight three qualities of a good model. (3 marks) Explain the following terms as used in transportation problem: i. Basic solution ii. Feasible solution Optimal solution i11. Explain the following terms as used in a Markov process: i) Transient state ii) Absorbing state (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks) (2 marks)

Answers

Advantages of using models in OR study:

1. Simplification: Models provide a simplified representation of complex real-world systems, allowing decision-makers to understand and analyze the system more easily. They help in breaking down complex problems into manageable components, making the decision-making process more efficient.

2. Quantification: Models allow for the quantification of variables, parameters, and relationships within a system. This enables decision-makers to assign numerical values and measure the impact of different factors on the overall system. Quantification provides a more objective and systematic approach to decision-making.

3. Scenario Analysis: Models facilitate scenario analysis by allowing decision-makers to simulate different scenarios and evaluate the potential outcomes of alternative actions. This helps in assessing the risks and benefits associated with different decision options and identifying the best course of action.

Advantages of OR study approach in decision making:

1. Optimization: The OR study approach utilizes mathematical techniques to optimize decisions. It helps in identifying the best possible solution by considering various constraints, objectives, and available resources. This results in improved efficiency, cost savings, and resource utilization.

2. Structured Approach: OR study provides a structured framework for decision-making, involving problem formulation, data collection, model development, analysis, and solution implementation. This systematic approach ensures a comprehensive and well-informed decision-making process.

3. Holistic Perspective: OR study takes into account the interdependencies and interactions among different elements of a system. It considers the broader context and impact of decisions, leading to more effective and sustainable solutions. It helps in avoiding suboptimal decisions that may arise from a narrow focus on isolated factors.

4. Evidence-Based Decision-Making: OR study relies on data-driven analysis and objective evaluation of alternatives. It promotes evidence-based decision-making by considering empirical evidence, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling. This enhances the reliability and credibility of the decision-making process.

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You have taken a loan of RO 5,000 from XYZ Bank and you have to pay an instalment of RO 2,000 per year for the next 3 years. Find the annual interest rate.

Answers

The annual interest rate on the loan is 6.67%.

To find the annual interest rate, we need to use the formula for calculating the interest rate on a loan. The formula is: Interest Rate = (Total Interest / Principal) * (1 / Number of Years) * 100

In this case, the principal is RO 5,000 and the number of years is 3. We need to calculate the total interest paid over the 3 years.

Total Interest = Total Payments - Principal

Total Payments = RO 2,000 * Number of Years = RO 2,000 * 3 = RO 6,000. Total Interest = RO 6,000 - RO 5,000 = RO 1,000

Now we can calculate the annual interest rate using the formula:

Interest Rate = (RO 1,000 / RO 5,000) * (1 / 3) * 100

Simplifying the equation: Interest Rate = (1/5) * (1/3) * 100

Interest Rate = 0.0667 * 100

Interest Rate = 6.67%. Therefore, the annual interest rate on the loan is 6.67%.

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Phoebe realizes that she has charged too much on her credit card and has racked up $5,000 in debt. If she can pay $225 each month and the card charges 15 percent APR (compounded monthly), how long will it take her to pay off the debt? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
Time to pay off the debt
months

Answers

The answer is , it will take her 31.11 months to pay off the debt.

How to find?

The card charges 15 percent APR (compounded monthly).We have to determine the time it will take Phoebe to pay off the debt.

Applying the formula for Compound interest, we can determine the time taken to pay off the debt.

Step-by-step solution:

The formula for calculating the Compound Interest is given by:

A = P (1 + r/n)nt

Where,

A = Final amount,

P = Principal, [tex]A = P (1 + r/n)nt[/tex]

r = Annual interest rate,

t = Time in years,

n = Number of compounding periods per year

Here, P = 5,000,

r = 15% per annum

= 0.15 per annum,

n = 12 (as interest is compounded monthly),

t = time in years (to be determined),

A = Amount payable.

Using the values, the formula becomes:

5000(1+0.15/12)^(12*t) = 225(1 - (1 + 0.15/12)^-nt)

We need to solve the above formula for t.

Using the values in a calculator, we get:

We get the value of t as 31.11 months. Rounding the value to two decimal places, we get

t = 31.11

≈ 31.11 months.

Therefore, it will take her 31.11 months to pay off the debt.

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How would you expect the price of a drone and the economic profit of a drone producer such as 3D Robotics to change in the long run

Answers

In the long run, we can expect the price of a drone and the economic profit of a drone producer, such as 3D Robotics,

To change in the following ways:

1. Price of a Drone: In a competitive market, the price of a drone is likely to decrease in the long run. This is because increased competition among drone producers would lead to efficiency improvements, economies of scale, and technological advancements. As more firms enter the market or existing firms expand their production capabilities, the increased supply of drones would put downward pressure on prices. Additionally, technological advancements may also contribute to cost reductions, further influencing the downward movement of prices in the long run.

2. Economic Profit of a Drone Producer: In a competitive market, economic profit tends to decrease in the long run. As the drone industry attracts more competitors and the market becomes saturated, firms face increased competition for customers. This leads to a narrowing of profit margins. New entrants and existing competitors may adopt similar production methods and technologies, which further reduces the potential for sustained economic profit.

However, it is important to note that the drone market may have unique factors that could influence these outcomes. Factors such as evolving regulations, consumer preferences, and technological advancements specific to the drone industry can impact the price and profitability dynamics. Market conditions and individual company strategies can also play a role in shaping the long-run changes in the price of drones and the economic profit of drone producers like 3D Robotics.

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Suppose Stock Price(S) = SAR 60, Exercise Price(X) = SAR 60, Su= SAR 69, Sd
=SAR 51. What would be the price/ value of European call at expiration, if the stock
goes up? Assume one period binomial model.
SAR 0
SAR 8
SAR 9
SAR 6
Please show the calculation using keyboard

Answers

The price/value of the European call at expiration, if the stock goes up, would be SAR 18.

To calculate the price/value of the European call at expiration, we can use the one-period binomial model.
Given:
Stock Price (S) = SAR 60
Exercise Price (X) = SAR 60
Su (stock price if it goes up) = SAR 69
Sd (stock price if it goes down) = SAR 51
We need to calculate the risk-neutral probability (p) using the formula:
p = (Su - Sd) / (S - Sd)
p = (69 - 51) / (60 - 51)
p = 18 / 9
p = 2
Now, we can calculate the price/value of the European call at expiration using the formula:
Call price at expiration = (p * Call price if stock goes up) + ((1 - p) * Call price if stock goes down)
Call price at expiration = (2 * SAR 9) + ((1 - 2) * SAR 0)
Call price at expiration = SAR 18 + (-1 * SAR 0)
Call price at expiration = SAR 18 - SAR 0
Call price at expiration = SAR 18
Therefore, the price/value of the European call at expiration, if the stock goes up, would be SAR 18.

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XYZ Corporation, located in the United States, has an accounts payable obligation of ₹750 million payable in one year to a bank in Tokyo. The current spot rate is ¥116/$1.00 and the one year forward rate is ¥109/$1.00. The anmual interest rate is 3 percent in Japan and 6 percent in the United States. XYZ can also buy a one-year call option on yen at the strike price of $0.0086 per yen for a premium of 0.012 cent per yen. The future dollar cost of meeting this obligation using the money market hedge is $6,450,000
$6,545,400
$6,653,833
$6,880,734

Answers

As we need JPY 750 Million Payable in Japan after one year, so we should invest an amount that will become JPY 750 million after 1 year from now. Amount need to repay in US after one year (As per money Market Hedge) = $6,653,833.28.Hence option C is correct.

Amount need to invest in Japan = Amount payable/(1+Japan interest rate)

                                                      = 750,000,000/1+3%

                                                      = 728,155,339.81

Amount to be borrowed from US = Amount required to invest in Japan/Spot rate

                                                   = 728155339.81/116

                                                    = 6,277,201.21

Amount need to repay  after in US= Amount borrowed from US * (1+US interest rate )

6277201.21(1+6%)

=6653833.28

Step: 2

Amount need to repay in US after one year (As per money Market Hedge) = $6,653,833.28

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Consider a retailing firm with a net profit margin of 3.8%, a total asset tumover of 1.74, total assets of $43.3 million, and a book value of equity of $18.6 million a. What is the firm's current ROE? a. What is the firm's current ROE? The ROE using the DuPont Identity is%. (Round to one decimal place.) b. If the firm increased its net profit margin to 4.3%, what would be its ROE? c. If, in addition, the firm increased its revenues by 24% (while maintaining this higher profit margin and without changing its assets or liabilities), what would be its ROE?

Answers

The firm's current ROE is approximately 14.6%. If the net profit margin is increased to 4.3%, the new ROE would be approximately 17.2%. To calculate the ROE after increasing revenues by 24%, we would need the specific revenue amount.a.

To calculate the firm's current Return on Equity (ROE) using the DuPont Identity, we can use the formula:

ROE = Net Profit Margin * Total Asset Turnover * Equity Multiplier

Given: Net Profit Margin = 3.8% or 0.038, Total Asset Turnover = 1.74,Total Assets = $43.3 million,Book Value of Equity = $18.6 million.

Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Book Value of Equity

Equity Multiplier = $43.3 million / $18.6 million

Equity Multiplier = 2.328

ROE = 0.038 * 1.74 * 2.328

ROE ≈ 0.1461 or 14.6% (rounded to one decimal place)

b. If the firm increased its net profit margin to 4.3%, we can calculate the new ROE using the same formula:

New ROE = 0.043 * 1.74 * 2.328

New ROE ≈ 0.1721 or 17.2% (rounded to one decimal place)

c. If the firm increased its revenues by 24% while maintaining the higher profit margin and without changing its assets or liabilities, we need to calculate the new net income and use it to calculate the ROE:

Current Net Income = Net Profit Margin * Revenues

Current Net Income = 0.038 * Revenues

New Net Income = 0.043 * (1 + 0.24) * Revenues

New Net Income = 0.0533 * Revenues

New ROE = New Net Income / Book Value of Equity

New ROE = (0.0533 * Revenues) / $18.6 million

Since the problem doesn't provide a specific revenue figure, we can't calculate the exact ROE in this case without knowing the revenue amount.

In summary, the firm's current ROE is approximately 14.6%. If the net profit margin is increased to 4.3%, the new ROE would be approximately 17.2%. To calculate the ROE after increasing revenues by 24%, we would need the specific revenue amount.

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Question 5. [6 points] Cassandra consumes scallops (s) and wine (w) and her preferences are repre- sented by the utility function U 2sw. Her income is £400, the price of scallops is £2 per portion and the price of wine is £1 per bottle. - a) [1 points] How many portions of scallops and bottles of wine should Cas- sandra consume in order to maximise utility? Write down the optimisation problem. b) [1 point] Suppose the price of scallops decreases to £1. Find the new optimal basket for Cassandra. c) [1 point] After the decrease in price, find the substitution effect for Cassan- dra. d) [1 point] After the decrease in price, find the income effect for Cassandra. f) [2 point] Find the equivalent variation for scallops (s) and interpret your result. [1 point calculations and 1 point interpretation] Question 6. [4 points] Consider a lottery where there is a 0.80 chance of receiving a payoff of £25 and a 0.20 chance of receiving a payoff of £400. Suppose your preferences are represented by the utility function U = √I+C, where is any real number. a) [2 points] Are you risk averse, risk neutral or risk lover? Show it using the concept of expected value, expected utility and utility of a certain offer. b) [2 point] Calculate the risk premium and interpret your results.

Answers

The risk premium is the difference between the expected value and the utility function of a certain offer, indicating risk aversion.

a) The streamlining issue to expand Cassandra's utility can be planned as follows:

Expand U = 2s * w subject to the financial plan limitation 2s + w = 400.

In this issue, U addresses Cassandra's utility capability, which is given as U = 2sw. The goal is to find the upsides of s and w that boost this utility capability, given the financial plan requirement. The factors s and w address the amounts of scallops and wine polished off, individually.

b) On the off chance that the cost of scallops diminishes to £1, the new streamlining issue can be planned as follows:

Augment U = s * w subject to the financial plan limitation s + w = 400.

For this situation, the utility capability continues as before, yet the cost of scallops changes. The goal is still to boost utility, yet presently the cost of scallops is lower, which might influence the ideal utilization group.

c) The replacement impact estimates the adjustment of utilization of one great (scallops) because of an adjustment of relative costs while keeping utility steady.

After the abatement in the cost of scallops, the replacement impact for Cassandra can be determined by looking at her ideal utilization group when the cost change. The adjustment of the amount of scallops consumed would mirror the replacement impact.

d) The pay impact estimates the adjustment of utilization of one great (scallops) because of an adjustment of pay while keeping relative costs steady. After the lessening in the cost of scallops, the pay impact for Cassandra can be determined by contrasting her ideal utilization group when the cost change, considering the adjustment of her pay.

f) The same variety estimates the adjustment of pay important to make a shopper detached between two different cost levels, while keeping up with a similar degree of utility.

For this situation, the same variety for scallops can be determined by finding the distinction in pay that would leave Cassandra similarly fulfilled when the cost change, given her ideal utilization pack. It addresses the financial worth of the utility addition or misfortune coming about because of the cost change.

Understanding: The same variety for scallops addresses how much pay that Cassandra would have to make up for the adjustment of the cost of scallops while keeping up with a similar degree of utility.

A positive identical variety infers that Cassandra is in an ideal situation after the cost decline since she can accomplish similar degree of utility with a lower use on scallops.

On the other hand, a negative comparable variety would show that Cassandra is more terrible off after the cost decline, as she would require extra pay to accomplish a similar degree of utility as in the past.

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The following data was extracted from the records of DT Ltd on 28 February 2021, the end of their financial year:
R Share capital (900 000 shares at R2 par value) 1 800 000 Retained income 160 000 Non-Current Assets 1 750 000 Inventories 220 000
Receivables 600 000
Cash/Bank 300 000
Payables 730 000
Loans at 15% p.a. 180 000 Net profit after tax 765 000
Market price of share 270c Dividends per share 65c Required:
1.1. Calculate and comment on each of the following ratios:
1.1.1. Current ratio (last year 2.33 : 1) (4)
1.1.2. Acid test ratio (last year 1.58 : 1) (4)
1.2. Calculate the Price Earnings (PE) ratio and explain what a low PE ratio could mean. (4)
1.3. Calculate the earnings per share. Will shareholders be happy with this? Why? (4)
1.4. Calculate the market to book ratio and explain the significance of this ratio. (4)
1.5. Calculate and comment on the debt equity ratio. (3)
1.6. Calculate the retained for the year'

Answers

The data provided is shown below:Current Assets: Invetories + Receivables + Cash/Bank = R220,000 + R600,000 + R300,000 = R1,120,000Current Liabilities: Payables = R730,0001.1.1 Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities= R1,120,000 / R730,000 = 1.53:1

The company’s current ratio for 2021 is 1.53:1, a decrease from last year's ratio of 2.33:1. The decrease in the ratio indicates that the company's liquidity position has deteriorated, indicating a higher risk of insolvency. 1.1.2 Acid Test Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventories) / Current Liabilities= (R1,120,000 - R220,000) / R730,000 = 1.29:1The acid-test ratio in 2021 is 1.29:1, a decrease from the previous year's ratio of 1.58:1. This indicates that the company is less capable of meeting its short-term liabilities using its most liquid assets.1.2

Price Earnings Ratio = Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share= 270c / (765,000 / 900,000) = 3.2 times.A low P/E ratio could indicate that the company's shares are undervalued, or that the market has low expectations for the company's future growth prospects.1.3 Earnings per Share = Net Profit After Tax / Number of Shares= R765,000 / 900,000 shares = 85c.The shareholders will be pleased with the company's earnings per share because it is higher than the dividend of 65c per share.1.4 Market to Book Ratio = Market Price per Share / Book Value per Share= 270c / [(1,800,000 shares x R2) + R160,000] / 1,800,000 shares= 1.28 times.

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Advise us on the labour laws and industrial relations system in
Dubai please. (400 Words).

Answers

Dubai has established comprehensive labour laws and an efficient industrial relations system to protect the rights of workers and maintain harmonious relations between employers and employees. Here's an overview of the labour laws and industrial relations system in Dubai:

1. Employment Contracts: According to Dubai labour laws, all employees must have a written employment contract that outlines their terms and conditions of employment, including working hours, wages, leave entitlements, and termination procedures. These contracts help protect the rights of both parties and prevent any potential disputes.

2. Working Hours and Overtime: The maximum working hours for employees in Dubai are set at 8 hours per day or 48 hours per week, with a maximum of 6 working days. Any work done beyond these hours is considered overtime and should be compensated accordingly. Overtime pay is generally 150% of the regular hourly wage for weekdays and 200% for weekends and public holidays.

3. Wages and Benefits: Employers in Dubai are obligated to provide their employees with timely and fair payment of wages. The minimum wage requirement varies depending on the industry and job role, but it is generally around 1500 to 2000 UAE dirhams per month. In addition to wages, employees are entitled to various benefits such as annual leave, sick leave, maternity leave, and end-of-service gratuity.

4. Health and Safety: The Dubai labour laws prioritize the health and safety of workers. Employers must provide a safe and healthy work environment, ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety standards. They should also provide appropriate training, protective equipment, and medical insurance for their employees.

5. Dispute Resolution: In case of any disputes between employers and employees, the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratization (MOHRE) in Dubai plays a crucial role in resolving such issues. Employees can file complaints with the MOHRE, which then investigates and mediates between the parties involved to reach a fair resolution.

6. Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining: While trade unions are not legally recognized in Dubai, employees can form workers' committees to represent their interests. These committees serve as a channel of communication between workers and employers, discussing matters related to working conditions, wages, and other employment concerns.

In conclusion, Dubai has a well-defined labour laws and industrial relations system in place to safeguard the rights and well-being of workers. From employment contracts to dispute resolution mechanisms, the system aims to create a fair and conducive working environment for all. It is crucial for both employers and employees to understand and abide by these regulations to maintain healthy industrial relations.

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The labor laws and industrial relations system in Dubai aim to strike a balance between the rights of employees and the needs of employers. These laws provide a framework for fair employment practices, dispute resolution, and the protection of workers' rights. By understanding and adhering to these laws, both employees and employers can foster a positive and productive work environment.

The labor laws and industrial relations system in Dubai are designed to protect the rights and interests of both employees and employers. These laws play a crucial role in ensuring a fair and harmonious working environment. Here's a step-by-step explanation of the labor laws and industrial relations system in Dubai:

1. Employment Contracts: In Dubai, employment contracts are essential to establish the rights and obligations of both parties involved. These contracts should outline the terms of employment, including working hours, wages, benefits, and termination procedures.

2. Minimum Wage: Dubai does not have a specific minimum wage law. Instead, wages are typically determined through negotiation between the employer and employee. However, there are certain industry-specific wage regulations that set minimum standards for certain sectors.

3. Working Hours: The labor laws in Dubai stipulate that the maximum working hours for employees should not exceed eight hours per day or 48 hours per week. However, in some industries or during specific circumstances, employees may work longer hours, provided they receive overtime pay or compensatory time off.

4. Leave Entitlements: Employees in Dubai are entitled to various types of leave, including annual leave, sick leave, and maternity/paternity leave. Annual leave typically ranges from 21 to 30 days, depending on the length of service, while sick leave is generally granted for up to 90 days.

5. End of Service Benefits: When an employee's contract ends, they may be eligible for end-of-service benefits. These benefits are calculated based on the length of service and the employee's final salary. Typically, an employee is entitled to receive 21 days of basic salary for each year of service for the first five years, and 30 days of basic salary for each subsequent year.

6. Dispute Resolution: In the event of a dispute between an employer and employee, the labor laws in Dubai provide a mechanism for resolution. This includes mediation, conciliation, and arbitration services provided by the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation.

7. Trade Unions: Trade unions play a vital role in the industrial relations system in Dubai. They are responsible for representing the interests of workers and negotiating with employers on labor-related matters. However, the formation of trade unions is subject to certain regulations and approval from relevant authorities.

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True of false question. Please explain reasoning
1. (10 points) If the exchange rate between two currencies is equal to 1 then it must be the case that the nominal interest rates between the two countries are equal if there are no arbitrage possibilities

Answers

The statement is false because the equality of the exchange rate alone does not necessarily imply the equality of nominal interest rates between two countries.

false. the statement is known as the interest rate parity (irp) condition, which states that in the absence of arbitrage opportunities, the difference in nominal interest rates between two countries should be equal to the difference in their expected exchange rates. the irp condition is based on the concept of covered interest rate parity, which takes into account the forward exchange rate.

however, the statement in question does not specify whether there are any arbitrage possibilities. without considering arbitrage opportunities, it is not accurate to conclude that the nominal interest rates between the two countries are equal simply based on the exchange rate being equal to 1. other factors, such as inflation rates and market expectations, can affect the nominal interest rates independently of the exchange rate.

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Consider demand for gasoline in the short term. When price
increases by 30% demand for gasoline
falls by 15%. What is the price elasticity of demand for
gasoline?

Answers

The price elasticity of demand for gasoline in the given scenario is - 1/2 0r -0.5.

Price elasticity of demand = Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in price

We have percentage change in quantity demanded as 15% and percentage change in price as 30% and we have to put these values in formula to find the price elasticity of demand.

Price elasticity of demand = - 15 / 30 = - 1/2

= - 0.5

Price elasticity evaluates how responsively demand or force for a good is to a change in price. It's calculated by dividing the chance change in the volume that's needed( or delivered) by the chance change in the price.

Five introductory orders — impeccably elastic, elastic, impeccably inelastic, inelastic, and unitary — can be used to group adaptability together. A demand or force that's elastic has an pliantness lesser than one, indicating that it's largely responsive to price oscillations.

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what effect would each of the following events have on the total value of goods and services in the flow

Answers

The following events can have an impact on the total value of goods and services in the flow.

Various events can affect the total value of goods and services in the flow of an economy. For instance, an increase in consumer spending will lead to higher demand for goods and services, resulting in an increase in their total value. On the other hand, a decrease in consumer spending may lead to lower demand and a decrease in the total value of goods and services. Changes in government spending can also impact the total value of goods and services. An increase in government spending, such as on infrastructure projects, can stimulate economic activity and raise the total value. Conversely, a decrease in government spending can have the opposite effect. Additionally, changes in exports and imports can influence the total value of goods and services in the flow, as higher exports contribute to increased value while higher imports can reduce it.

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The total cost (in dollars) for a company to manufacture and sell x items per week is C=70x+1700, whereas the revenue brought in by selling all x items is R=135x−0.5x2. How many items must be sold to obtain a weekly profit of $400? Hint: Profit = Revenue − Cost. They need to sell Or items:

Answers

They need to sell approximately 42 items to obtain a weekly profit of $400.

To find the number of items that must be sold to obtain a weekly profit of $400, we need to calculate the point where the revenue equals the cost plus the desired profit.

Given:

Cost function: C = 70x + 1700 (in dollars)

Revenue function: R = 135x - 0.5x^2 (in dollars)

Desired profit: $400

We can calculate the profit by subtracting the cost from the revenue:

Profit = Revenue - Cost

Substituting the given revenue and cost functions, we have:

Profit = (135x - 0.5x^2) - (70x + 1700)

Profit = 135x - 0.5x^2 - 70x - 1700

Profit = -0.5x^2 + 65x - 1700

Now, we set the profit equation equal to the desired profit of $400 and solve for x:

-0.5x^2 + 65x - 1700 = 400

Rearranging the equation:

-0.5x^2 + 65x - 2100 = 0

To solve this quadratic equation, we can either factor it or use the quadratic formula. Factoring may not be possible in this case, so we'll use the quadratic formula:

x = (-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)) / 2a

In our equation, a = -0.5, b = 65, and c = -2100.

x = (-65 ± √(65^2 - 4(-0.5)(-2100))) / (2(-0.5))

Simplifying the equation further will give us two values for x. We discard the negative value since we are considering the number of items sold:

x = (-65 + √(65^2 - 4(-0.5)(-2100))) / (2(-0.5))

After calculating the expression, we find that x ≈ 42.03.

Therefore, they need to sell approximately 42 items to obtain a weekly profit of $400.

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Acci is a company that produces sweets. The company uses a machine to mix sugar pasta and produce sweets. In 2019 , the machine was replaced by a new one. With regard to the old machine, we know that Acci bought the machine on April 3 rd 2015 for 120000 C and started using the machine on April 9 th 2015. At this date, it was decided to depreciate the machine on a straight line basis over 5 years and the company's CEO estimated that afterwards it could be sold on the second hand market for 20000<. 1) On February 6th 2019 the old machine was sold. What is the carrying amount of this (disposed off) machine? 2) Considering that the selling price of the machine is 42000€, does Acci record a gain or a loss on disposal? Choose the right answer 3) What is the amount of this gain or this loss (in case of a loss, do not forget to put a - in front of the amount)? 4) On February 2 2nd 2019, Acci bought a new machine for 150000ϵ on account, ready to be used on February 15th 2019. Considering that the company plans to use this new machine over 4 years before selling it for 30000ϵ, calculate the depreciation of 2019 for this new machine.

Answers

In summary:
1) The carrying amount of the disposed-off machine on February 6th, 2019, is 28000 C.
2) Acci records a gain on disposal.
3) The amount of the gain on disposal is 14000 C.
4) The depreciation expense for the new machine in 2019 is 0 €.

1) To calculate the carrying amount of the disposed-off machine on February 6th, 2019, we need to determine the accumulated depreciation of the machine up to that date. Since the machine was purchased on April 3rd, 2015, and depreciated over 5 years, the total depreciation expense per year is 120000 C / 5 years = 24000 C. As of February 6th, 2019, the machine has been in use for 3 years and 10 months (since April 9th, 2015). Therefore, the accumulated depreciation is 24000 C x 3 years + 24000 C x (10/12) = 72000 C + 20000 C = 92000 C. The carrying amount of the machine is the original cost minus the accumulated depreciation, which is 120000 C - 92000 C = 28000 C.

2) To determine whether Acci records a gain or loss on disposal, we compare the selling price of the machine (42000 €) with its carrying amount (28000 C). As the carrying amount is lower than the selling price, Acci records a gain on disposal.

3) The amount of the gain on disposal is the selling price minus the carrying amount, which is 42000 € - 28000 C = 14000 C.

4) To calculate the depreciation for the new machine in 2019, we need to determine the annual depreciation expense. The new machine was purchased on February 22nd, 2019, for 150000 € and is planned to be used for 4 years before being sold for 30000 €. The total depreciation expense over the 4 years is the difference between the purchase cost and the expected resale value, divided by the number of years of use. The depreciation expense per year is (150000 € - 30000 €) / 4 years = 30000 € / year. Since the machine was purchased on February 22nd, 2019, and is ready to be used on February 15th, 2019, there is no depreciation expense for 2019.

In summary:
1) The carrying amount of the disposed-off machine on February 6th, 2019, is 28000 C.
2) Acci records a gain on disposal.
3) The amount of the gain on disposal is 14000 C.
4) The depreciation expense for the new machine in 2019 is 0 €.

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1) the carrying amount of the disposed-off machine is 40,000 C, 2) Acci recorded a gain on disposal, 3) the amount of this gain is 5,636.36 €, and 4) the depreciation of the new machine for 2019 is 30,000 €.

1) The carrying amount of the disposed-off machine can be calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the original cost. The machine was bought for 120,000 C on April 3rd, 2015, and started being used on April 9th, 2015. It was depreciated on a straight-line basis over 5 years. To find the annual depreciation expense, we divide the difference between the cost and estimated residual value (20,000 C) by the useful life (5 years): (120,000 C - 20,000 C) / 5 = 20,000 C. The depreciation for each year is 20,000 C. On February 6th, 2019, the machine was sold, meaning it was used for almost 4 years (from April 9th, 2015, to February 6th, 2019). Thus, the accumulated depreciation is 20,000 C * 4 = 80,000 C. Therefore, the carrying amount of the disposed-off machine is 120,000 C - 80,000 C = 40,000 C.

2) To determine if Acci recorded a gain or loss on disposal, we compare the selling price of the machine (42,000 €) with its carrying amount (40,000 C). As the carrying amount is in C and the selling price is in €, we need to convert the carrying amount to €. Assuming the exchange rate is 1 € = 1.1 C, the carrying amount in € is 40,000 C / 1.1 = 36,363.64 €. Since the selling price is higher than the carrying amount, Acci recorded a gain on disposal.

3) The amount of gain on disposal is the difference between the selling price and the carrying amount: 42,000 € - 36,363.64 € = 5,636.36 €.

4) To calculate the depreciation of the new machine for 2019, we divide the difference between the cost and estimated residual value (30,000 €) by the useful life (4 years): (150,000 € - 30,000 €) / 4 = 30,000 €.

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CASE ON AMAZON
Amazon.com, Inc.’s ability to satisfy stakeholders supports organizational growth in the e-commerce industry. In Archie Carroll’s model of corporate social responsibility (CSR), stakeholders are individuals or groups linked to the organization based on their stake in what the business does. Corporate social responsible (CSR) is a current field of study within business schools. It is reported that Amazon follows a CSR pyramid as a guideline for the sustainability . Below are the list of activities
- During covid the Amazon added 400,000 jobs this year to handle the surge in online shopping.
- The health and safety of our employees and contractors around the world continues to be our top priority. meeting every day to consider the evolving situation and are consulting with medical experts to ensure we are doing all we can to keep our teams healthy
- housing for homeless families, contributing large sums to the University of Washington’s computer science program, and supporting a mass transit initiative.
- Tens of thousands of nonprofits and non-governmental organizations worldwide use AWS to increase their impact and advance mission goals.
- Amazon founder Jeff Bezos earmarked $1 billion of his $10 billion environmental philanthropy to protect 30 percent of the Earth’s land and sea
- Amazon provides both full and part-time workers with competitive benefits, offering medical, dental, and vision coverage
- The average warehouse worker at Walmart makes just under $40,000 annually, while at Amazon would take home about $24,300 a year.
- employees pushed to meet extremely high targets
- Amazon is taking legal action against four companies it has accused of deliberately flooding its shopping platform with fake reviews.
- Effective advertising is crucial for sellers to generate sales.
- a seller may invest thousands of dollars researching the best keywords to advertise a product
Direction : Read the above scenario of Amazon and answer the below questions
a. CSR Pyramid is followed by all the branded companies . In relation to the above case , Formulate a CSR pyramid for Amazon by considering all the factors (Pyramid with details 5 Marks )
b. Imagine your self as the sale person for the Amazon , evaluate the above situation , list out all the legal procedures will be followed to develop and advertise the products. ( 5Points x 1 Marks= 5 Marks )
c. Amazon has done a lot of support for the society but there are certain undefined status from the employees and society . Use a range of approached to list out the expectation of employees and society ( 5Points x 1 Marks= 5 Marks )
d. Amazon’s 2020 Sustainability Report pledges to save the climate. Report also includes our work on a wider range of Amazon commitments and initiatives to support our employees. Evaluate the role of the owner and employees towards the climate ( 5Points x 1 Marks= 5 Marks )
e. Compare the financial statement of Amazon to any of the competitors of
- Gross margin ratio ( Formula 1 Marks , Computation 1 Marks, Comparison 0.5 Marks = 2.5 Marks )
- Price-earnings ratio ( Formula 1 Marks , Computation 1 Marks, Comparison 0.5 Marks = 2.5 Marks )

Answers

a. CSR Pyramid for Amazon:

- Economic Responsibility: Adding 400,000 jobs, providing competitive benefits, and supporting educational programs.

- Legal Responsibility: Taking legal action against fake reviews and following legal procedures for product development and advertising.

- Ethical Responsibility: Ensuring employee health and safety and protecting the environment.

- Philanthropic Responsibility: Supporting housing, non-profits, and land and sea conservation.

b. Legal procedures for product development and advertising: Complying with product safety, labeling, intellectual property, advertising, and consumer protection laws.

c. Expectations of employees and society: Fair wages, safe working conditions, career opportunities, transparent communication, environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and ethical practices.

d. Role of owner and employees towards climate: Owner invests in sustainability initiatives, employees embrace eco-friendly practices, and participate in reducing the company's carbon footprint.

e. Financial comparison: Unable to provide a comparison without specific financial data for Amazon and a competitor.

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Suppose r QF

=6%,r M

=10%, and b i

=1.5. a. What is n, the required rate of return on Stock i? Round your answer to one decimal place. % b. 1. Now suppose ras increases to 7%. The slope of the SML remains constant. How would this affect ry and n ? I. Both n and n will remain the same. II. Both n and n will increase by 1 percentage point. IIt. m will remain the same and n will increase by 1 percentage point. IV. ry will increase by 1 percentage point and n will remain the same. v. Both r m

and n will decrease by 1 percentage point. 2. Now suppose rar decreases to 5%. The slope of the 5ML remains constant. How would this affect rm and n ? I. ry will decrease by 1 percentage point and n will remain the same. II. n will remain the same and n will decrease by 1 percentage point. III. Both ry and n will increase by 1 percentage point. IV. Both m and n will remain the same. V. Both fy and n will dechease by 1 percentage point. c. 1. Now assume that r n

remains at 6%, but r y

increases to 11%. The slope of the SML does not remain constant. How would these changes affect n ? Round your answer to one decimal place. The new n will be %. 2. Now assume that ru remains ot 6%, but ry falls to 9%. The slope of the SML does not remain constant. How would these changes affect n? Round your answer to one decimal place. The new n will be

Answers

The new n will be affected by the increase in QF to 11% and the change in the slope of the SML.

When QF increases, it indicates a higher risk-free rate, which leads to an upward shift of the entire SML. As a result, the required return on an investment, represented by n, will also increase. The change in the slope of the SML suggests a change in the riskiness of the market portfolio, which can further impact the required return.

To calculate the new n, you would need additional information about the market risk premium and the beta of the investment in question. However, given the provided information, it is not possible to determine the exact value of the new n.

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The cross-over point for two types of machine-producing widgets is 25,000 units. Machine A has a fixed cost of P100,000 and a variable cost of P8 per widget. Machine B has a fixed cost of P250,000. What is the variable cost of Machine B?
Group of answer choices
P10.00
P4.00
P2.00
P20.00
P12.00

Answers

The cross-over point for two types of machine-producing widgets is 25,000 units. Machine A has a fixed cost of P100,000 and a variable cost of P8 per widget.  

Machine B has a fixed cost of P250,000. What is the variable cost of Machine B? The variable cost of Machine B is P12.00. Variable cost refers to the costs that are incurred by a company during the production of goods or services, which can fluctuate depending on the volume of production. The formula for calculating the variable cost is:

Variable cost = (Total cost – Fixed cost) / Number of units produced From the given information, we know that the cross-over point for the two types of machine-producing widgets is 25,000 units. Let's find the total cost of both machines and then use the formula to calculate the variable cost of Machine B. The total cost of Machine A is:

Total cost of Machine A = Fixed cost of Machine A + Variable cost of Machine A × Number of units produced

Total cost of Machine A = 100,000 + 8 × 25,000

Total cost of Machine A = 300,000

The total cost of Machine B is:

Total cost of Machine B = Fixed cost of Machine B + Variable cost of Machine B × Number of units produced

Total cost of Machine B = 250,000 + Variable cost of Machine B × 25,000

We know that the cross-over point for both machines is 25,000 units, so we can set the total cost of Machine A equal to the total cost of Machine B:

Total cost of Machine A = Total cost of Machine B 300,000 = 250,000 + Variable cost of Machine B × 25,000

Variable cost of Machine B = (300,000 - 250,000) / 25,000 Variable cost of Machine B = 50,000 / 25,000Variable cost of Machine B = P12.00. Therefore, the variable cost of Machine B is P12.00.

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Try-In-Save Inc. has 1,200 bonds outstanding that are selling for $1,060 each. The company also has 5,000 shares of preferred stock at a market price of $32 each. The common stock is priced at $26 a share and there are 100,000 shares outstanding. What is the common stock weighting that should be used when calculating the firm's weighted average cost of capital?

Answers

The common stock weighting that should be used when calculating the firm's weighted average cost of capital is 64.46%. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is the cost of capital a firm must pay for every dollar it raises and puts into service. It is a blend of the cost of debt and the cost of equity. This is used to value the company's project.

WACC is based on the market's perception of the risk level of each form of capital that makes up the firm's capital structure.

The formula for WACC is as follows:

WACC = E/V x Re + D/V x Rd x (1-T)where,

E = Equity Value

V = Total Value of Debt and Equity

Re = Cost of Equity

D = Total Debt Value

Rd = Cost of Debt

T = Tax Rate

To solve for the common stock weighting that should be used when calculating the firm's weighted average cost of capital, let's first solve for the company's total value.

Total value = Value of Bonds + Value of Preferred Stock + Value of Common Stock

Value of Bonds = 1,200 x $1,060 = $1,272,000

Value of Preferred Stock = 5,000 x $32 = $160,000

Value of Common Stock = 100,000 x $26 = $2,600,000

Total Value = $4,032,000

To find the weight of the common stock, divide the value of common stock by the total value of the firm.

Common Stock Weighting = Value of Common Stock / Total Value

Common Stock Weighting = $2,600,000 / $4,032,000 = 0.6446 or 64.46%.

The common stock weighting that should be used when calculating the firm's weighted average cost of capital is 64.46%.

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Icebreaker Company (a U.S.-based company) purchases materials from a foreign supplier on December 1, 2020, with payment of 14,000 dinars to be made on March 1, 2021. The materials are consumed immediately and recognized as cost of goods sold at the date of purchase. On December 1, 2020, Icebreaker enters into a forward contract to purchase 14,000 dinars on March 1, 2021. Relevant exchange rates for the dinar on various dates are as follows: Date Spot Rate Forward Rate (to March 1, 2021) December 1, 2020 $ 3.20 $ 3.275 December 31, 2020 3.30 3.400 March 1, 2021 3.45 N/A a-1. Assuming that Icebreaker designates the forward contract as a cash flow hedge of a foreign currency payable, prepare journal entries for the import purchase and foreign currency forward contract in U.S. dollars. a-2. What is the impact on 2020 net income? a-3. What is the impact on 2021 net income? a-4. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods? b-1. Assuming that Icebreaker designates the forward contract as a fair value hedge of a foreign currency payable, prepare journal entries for the import purchase and foreign currency forward contract in U.S. dollars. b-2. What is the impact on net income in 2020 and in 2021? b-3. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods?

Answers

Net income is not affected. The impact on net income in 2021 is $0. The impact on net income in 2020 is $175.

(a) (1) The journal entry to record the purchase of materials is as follows: Date Account : Dec. 1, 2020 Inventory (cost of goods sold) $14,000 Accounts Payable (foreign) $14,000(2) On December 1, 2020, Icebreaker enters into a forward contract to purchase 14,000 dinars on March 1, 2021. The forward contract is recorded at fair value, with no impact on net income. The fair value of the forward contract on December 1, 2020, is zero. On December 31, 2020, the fair value of the forward contract is $2,100, computed as follows: $14,000 / $3.4 = $4,117.65 - $4,000 = $117.65 / .0568 (91/365) = $2,065.22, rounded to $2,10.

(b) (2) The impact on net income in 2020 is $175. This amount is recognized in OCI instead of net income. Therefore, net income is not affected. (b) (3) The impact on net income in 2021 is $0. No amounts are included in net income. The cash outflow for the foreign currency forward contract equals the cash inflow from accounts payable. (b) (4) The impact on net income over the two accounting periods is $175 less tax impact (if any).

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Economic theory from this unit suggests that national governments can achieve a target level of carbon emissions by setting a carbon tax (per unit of CO2) at the appropriate level. In line with this theory, between 2012 and 2014, Australia introduced a carbon tax starting at 23 AUD/tonne of CO2, with the intention of increasing it over time until reaching the desired level of carbon emissions. Following the introduction of the policy, the most affected industries in Australia lobbied on the grounds that the added pressure on their profit would force them to shut down with consequences for unemployment. In response, the Federal government decided to compensate the most affect industries with lump-sum subsidies that were funded with revenue from the tax on carbon emission levels. Considering this background, do you consider this statement to be true or false: "At the end of the day, nothing changes with the introduction of the carbon tax. Because the industry receives back the money that they pay, they will continue to emit the same level of CO2. "

Answers

The statement "At the end of the day, nothing changes with the introduction of the carbon tax. Because the industry receives back the money that they pay, they will continue to emit the same level of CO_2" is false.

While it is true that the Australian government compensated the most affected industries with lump-sum subsidies funded by the revenue from the carbon tax, this does not mean that nothing changes or that the industries will continue emitting the same level of CO_2. Here's why:

1. Price Signal: The introduction of a carbon tax creates a price signal that incentivizes industries to reduce their carbon emissions. By imposing a cost on carbon emissions, the tax makes it financially beneficial for industries to find ways to reduce their emissions. The cost incurred from paying the tax can serve as a motivator for companies to invest in cleaner technologies, improve energy efficiency, or explore alternative energy sources.

2. Behavioral Change: The introduction of a carbon tax encourages businesses to change their behavior and adopt more sustainable practices. The cost of emitting carbon incentivizes companies to innovate, develop cleaner production methods, and explore new technologies to reduce their emissions. This can lead to changes in processes, investments in renewable energy sources, and improvements in resource management.

3. Revenue Recycling: The revenue generated from the carbon tax can be used to fund renewable energy projects, support research and development of clean technologies, and implement environmental initiatives. These investments can further incentivize the reduction of carbon emissions and promote a shift towards a greener economy.

4. Market Competition: The carbon tax creates a more level playing field among industries, as companies that emit fewer carbon emissions are at a competitive advantage. This can lead to increased competition and innovation in reducing emissions, as companies strive to differentiate themselves by being more environmentally friendly.

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Value-added tasks are:
A.Tasks that the customer is ready to pay for
B.Tasks that are done by no one else but your department due to
their special nature
C.Tasks that the company considers are parts o

Answers

Value-added tasks are tasks that the customer is ready to pay for.  The correct answer is A.Tasks that the customer is ready to pay for.

The value-added tasks are the tasks that are important for the customer and they are willing to pay for it. They enhance the product’s value and are significant in producing the end product that is in accordance with customer expectations. These tasks are essential in maintaining a customer base. Moreover, they assist the company in growing its business as consumers prefer to buy from businesses that offer better value, quality, and price. Value-added tasks are part of lean manufacturing, which focuses on producing quality products while minimizing waste.

In conclusion, value-added tasks are those tasks that are important for the customers, they are willing to pay for it, and they enhance the product’s value. They are an essential part of lean manufacturing and assist the company in retaining its customers by providing better value, quality, and price.

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Question two a. Mulolenji consumes goods x₁ and x2 such that u(x₁, x₂) = x² + 2x₂x₁ + x². i. Derive the optimal bundle for x if the prices of x₁ and x₂ are p₁ and P2 respectively, while the individual's income is m: Geometrically illustrate the optimal solution if p, = K2, P2 = K1, and m = K100 771 10p₁ b. Suppose that the consumer has a demand function for milk of the form x₁ = 10 +1 Originally his income is K120 per week and the price of milk is K3 per quart. Calculate the income and substitution effect if the price falls to K2

Answers

a. The optimal bundle for goods x₁ and x₂ can be derived by solving the consumer's utility maximization problem, considering the prices (p₁, p₂) and the income (m).

Geometric illustration with p₁ = K2, p₂ = K1, and m = K100 771 10p₁ shows the optimal solution.

To derive the optimal bundle, we need to maximize the consumer's utility function, subject to the budget constraint. In this case, the utility function is u(x₁, x₂) = x₁² + 2x₂x₁ + x₂². The budget constraint is given by p₁x₁ + p₂x₂ = m.

By solving the utility maximization problem using Lagrange multipliers, we can find the optimal bundle of goods x₁ and x₂. Geometrically illustrating the solution with specific prices and income helps visualize the consumer's optimal choice in the given scenario.

b. Given the demand function x₁ = 10 + 1 and the initial income of K120 per week and a price of milk at K3 per quart, we can calculate the income and substitution effects when the price falls to K2.

The income effect measures the change in the quantity demanded of milk due to the change in real income, while the substitution effect measures the change in quantity demanded due to the relative price change, holding real income constant.

To calculate the income effect, we compare the initial demand for milk with the new demand at the lower price, assuming the consumer's income remains unchanged. The difference in quantity demanded gives us the income effect.

To calculate the substitution effect, we compare the initial demand for milk with the new demand at the lower price, assuming the consumer adjusts their consumption to maintain the same level of utility. The difference in quantity demanded gives us the substitution effect.

By analyzing the changes in quantity demanded and considering the price change, we can determine the income and substitution effects when the price of milk falls to K2.

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2. By By 2030 it is expected that all girls and boys receives quality primary and secondary education. Evaluate the benefits of getting educated towards the sustainable development of the country ( 10

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The benefits of providing quality primary and secondary education to all girls and boys are crucial for the sustainable development of a country. Education plays a significant role in shaping individuals, communities, and nations, and its positive impact extends to various aspects of society.

First and foremost, education empowers individuals by equipping them with knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities. It enables children and youth to develop their potential, broaden their perspectives, and enhance their opportunities for personal and professional growth. Education cultivates a sense of curiosity, creativity, and innovation, fostering a skilled and knowledgeable workforce that can contribute to economic development and prosperity.

Furthermore, education promotes social inclusion and reduces inequality. It helps to break the cycle of poverty by providing individuals with the means to improve their livelihoods and access better opportunities. Education also promotes gender equality, as it empowers girls and women, ensuring their active participation in society and decision-making processes.

From a societal perspective, an educated population contributes to the overall development and well-being of a country. Educated individuals are more likely to make informed decisions, engage in civic participation, and contribute to the advancement of their communities. Education also plays a vital role in promoting peace, tolerance, and understanding among diverse cultures and fostering social cohesion.

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Simple company acquired new equipment for processing line to make plastic pipe. The equipment has an unadjusted basis of B =$400,000, a life of only 3 years, and a salvage value of 5% of B. The chief engineer asked the graduate engineer to provide an analysis of the difference between (1) the DDB method, which is the internal book depreciation and book value method used at the plant, and (2) the required MACRS tax depreciation and its book value. He is especially curious about the differences after 2 years of service for this short-lived, but expensive asset.
(a) Determine which method offers the larger total depreciation after 2 years.
(b) Determine the book value for each method after 2 years and at the end of the recovery period.
Hint: Show all necessary steps

Answers

After 2 years of service, the MACRS tax depreciation method offers a total depreciation of $311,120, while the DDB method offers a total depreciation of $355,556.

(a) The MACRS tax depreciation method offers the larger total depreciation after 2 years.

The MACRS (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System) is a tax depreciation method used by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States. It allows for accelerated depreciation deductions over a specified recovery period.

According to the information provided, the equipment has an unadjusted basis (cost) of B = $400,000, a life of 3 years, and a salvage value of 5% of B.

To calculate the MACRS depreciation for each year, we need to determine the applicable depreciation rates for each year based on the recovery period.

Using the MACRS recovery periods for 3-year property, the applicable depreciation rates are as follows:

Year 1: 33.33%

Year 2: 44.45%

Year 3: 14.81%

Calculating MACRS depreciation for each year:

Year 1 depreciation: B * Year 1 rate = $400,000 * 33.33% = $133,320

Year 2 depreciation: B * Year 2 rate = $400,000 * 44.45% = $177,800

The total MACRS depreciation after 2 years is the sum of Year 1 and Year 2 depreciation:

Total MACRS depreciation after 2 years = $133,320 + $177,800 = $311,120

Now let's calculate the DDB (Double Declining Balance) depreciation for comparison.

The DDB method is an accelerated depreciation method commonly used for financial reporting purposes. It calculates depreciation based on a fixed percentage applied to the asset's net book value each year.

The formula for DDB depreciation is: DDB depreciation = (2 / Life) * Net Book Value

The net book value at the beginning is the cost (B) minus any accumulated depreciation. Since this is the first year of service, the accumulated depreciation is zero.

Year 1 DDB depreciation: (2 / 3) * $400,000 = $266,667

Year 2 DDB depreciation: (2 / 3) * (B - Year 1 DDB depreciation) = (2 / 3) * ($400,000 - $266,667) = $88,889

The total DDB depreciation after 2 years is the sum of Year 1 and Year 2 depreciation:

Total DDB depreciation after 2 years = $266,667 + $88,889 = $355,556

After 2 years of service, the MACRS tax depreciation method offers a total depreciation of $311,120, while the DDB method offers a total depreciation of $355,556. Therefore, the DDB method offers the larger total depreciation after 2 years.

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