Electron Pair Geometry determines the spatial arrangement of a molecule's bonds and lone pairs. The electron pairs repel each other whether or not they are in bond pairs or in lone pairs. Thus, electron spread themselves as far as possible to avoid repulsion.
What is electron pair geometry of NF3, H2O, NOBr and GeH4 ?
NF3 (Nitrogen trifluoride)
Electron pair geometry is tetrahedral
There is one lone pair. Geometry would be then pyramidal
NOBr (Nitrosyl Bromide)
Electron pair geometry is triangular planar
One lone pair then geometry will be bent or angular
H2O (water)
Electron pair geometry is Tetrahedral
Two lone pair then geometry will be bent or angular
GeH4 (Germanium Hydride)
Electron pair geometry is Tetrahedral
Zero lone pair then geometry will be Tetrahedral
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When the temperature of a 3. 0-l sample of a gas is dropped from 200°c to 100°c, what will be the final volume of the gas sample?.
The new volume will be, 6.0 L
[tex]P \propto \frac{1}{V}[/tex]
or,
[tex]P_1 V_1=P_2 V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure = P
[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure = 2P
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume = 3.0 L
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume = ?
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:
[tex]200P \times 3.0 L=100 P \times V_2[/tex]
[tex]V_2=6.0 \mathrm{~L}[/tex]
Thus, the new volume will be, 6 L
What is volume?
Volume is a basic physical amount. Volume is a derived amount and it expresses the three dimensional extent of an item. Volume is usually quantified numerically denote the SI derived unit, the cubic meter.
The new volume will be, 6.0 L
[tex]P \propto \frac{1}{V}[/tex]
or,
[tex]P_1 V_1=P_2 V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure = P
[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure = 2P
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume = 3.0 L
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume = ?
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:
[tex]200P \times 3.0 L=100 P \times V_2[/tex]
[tex]V_2=6.0 \mathrm{~L}[/tex]
Thus, the new volume will be, 6 L
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Why is air cooled before nitrogen and oxygen are obtained
Answer:
The main reason why air is cooled before nitrogen and oxygen are obtained is because these two gases are much more soluble in cold air than in warm air. As a result, if air were not cooled before these gases were separated, they would simply mix back together again.
assuming no changes, what effect on the rate would simultaneously doubling the concentration of both 1-bromobutane and koh have?
It would increase the rate by four times.
The charge of a chemical response is described because the exchange within the concentration of a reactant or a product over the alternate in time, and attention is in moles per liter, or molar, and time is in seconds. So we express the fee of a chemical reaction in molar according to second.
Reactant concentration, the bodily nation of the reactants, and surface area, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst are the 4 principal elements that affect response charge.
There are four factors that affect the price (pace) of a chemical response: temperature, concentration, particle length, use of a catalyst.
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The activity series ranks metallic ions from most reactive to least reactive.
In addition to metallic ions, we should consider the halogens. The elements in the
halogen family are ranked from most active to least as we move down the column.
That means a halogen at the top of the column will replace the elements below
them on the periodic table but not the other way around.
Based on this information determine which reaction will not occur?
Due to the activity series that is given in the image, the reaction that will not take place is FeCl₂ + Br₂ , thus, option A is correct.
What is the equation about?From the nature of the question above, we must infer the response that won't happen and as such:
2NaI + Cl₂
Because chlorine can replace iodine, this reaction will take place. Chlorine is higher on the activity series, which explains why.
Sn + H₂SO₄
Due to the fact that tin (Sn) can dispense hydrogen from the acid, this reaction will take place.
FeCl₂ + Br₂
So, since Chlorine cannot be replaced by Bromine, this reaction won't take place. This is due to Bromine's lower position on the activity series than Chlorine.
Fe(NO₃)₃ + Al
Aluminum's ability to replace iron will cause this reaction to take place. This is so that Aluminum (Al) ranks higher than Iron in the activity series (Fe).
Therefore, one can say that the reaction is thus: FeCl₂ + Br₂ ,
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in one experiment, 23.91 ml of the 0.1403-m ce4 solution is required to react completely with 20.00 ml of the fe2 solution. calculate the concentration of the fe2 solution.
Concentration of the original fe₂ solution is 0.16772 M.
What is Concentration?
Concentration in chemistry is calculated by dividing a constituent's abundance by the mixture's total volume. Mass concentration, molarity, number concentration, as well as volume concentration are four different categories of mathematical description. Any type of chemical mixture can be referred to by the term "concentration," but solutes but also solvents in solutions are most frequently mentioned. There are different types of molar (amount) concentration, including normal concentration as well as osmotic concentration. Concentration is frequently described qualitatively in everyday, non-technical language by using adjectives like "dilute" for solutions with a low concentration as well as "concentrated" for solutions with a high concentration.
Here, we have given two solution with their conc. and volume.
So, formula used to calculate conc. is
M1V1 = M2V2
let,
M1 = molarity of fe2
V1 = volume of fe2 used
M2 = molarity of ce4
V2 = volume of ce4 used
now, M1 X 20 = 0.1403 x 23.91
M1 = 0.1403 X 23.91 / 20
M1 = O.16772
Hence, the concentration of fe2 is 0.16772 M.
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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with _____.
Fractional bond orders are frequently produced by partial bonding, such as when it's a component of a resonance hybrid.
Resonance: What does that mean?Excitation frequency in physics when an unseen force or a buzzing system causes another system close by to vibrate more intensely at a specific operating frequency.
In the actual world, what is resonance?Any system with a natural frequency has the potential to experience resonance. You've probably encountered a rattle or hum in your automobile that only happens when traveling at a specific pace. This is an illustration of resonant; when you alter your speed, the period of a cyclical driving force the tires provide changes.
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how should you react to questions you are unable to answer in the question-and-answer session of a presentation? group of answer choices simply tell them you don't know. close the question-and-answer session.
When asked a question during the question-and-answer portion of a presentation and you are unable to answer it, just say you don't know.
To recognize your distracting nonverbal habits, rely on your memories of your presentation activities. Accept the inquiry with a good response. Be clear and succinct in your explanation of why you don't know the answer. Affirm that you will look into it for them. Explain how you'll contact them again.
You can gain some breathing room for your ideas by asking the same question again and for clarity. You may occasionally require some time to gather your thoughts before answering to a question. You might be able to buy yourself some extra time to gather your thoughts before responding.
A possible response is, "That's a nice question; can I think about it for a moment and come back to you later?" or "wonderful question I can respond to some of it, but I'd like to give it some thought first." Make appropriate eye contact, take a deep breath, and smile.
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as a result of electron flow through complex iii, four protons (h ) are moved into the intermembrane space
The given statement is true.
One QH2 carrying two electrons, transfers one of the electrons to the 2Fe-2S clusters in the Riske proteins (I think? I'm not sure about this protein) which then transfers the one electron to the cytochrome c1 subunit of complex three which transfers a single electron to the mobile cytochrome c in the P side (intermembrane space)
The other electron carried by the QH2 is transferred to Heme bL and then Heme bH in the cytochrome b subunit which then transfers the electron to a Q making it a (dotQ-) a semiquinone radical. The original QH2 has been fully oxidized to Q at this point and released
Second QH2 docks and goes through the same process generating a second molecule of cytochrome c and fully reducing the semiquinone to the QH2.This means, in the overall process 2QH2 were oxidized to produce two cytochrome c but two of the electrons were used to generate 1QH2 so there was only a net of one QH2 to make those two cytochrome c
For each QH2 oxidized, the 2H+ carried by the coenzyme Q were transferred to the intermembrane space, so the Q cycle allows for four H+ to be transferred per net QH2 consumed rather than 2
How much H+ is pumped into the intermembrane space?
As the electrons pass from NADH to ubiquinone, energy is released and utilized by the complex to pump 4 H+ ions into the intermembrane space.
Therefore the given statement is true.
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Combustion of a 0.9827-g sample of a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produced 1.878 g of co2 and 1.153 g of h2o. what is the empirical formula of the compound?
The empirical equation is C4H11O2.
How do you locate empirical formulas?Mass of C=1.900g CO2×12.01 g C/44.01g CO2=0.5185 g C
Mass of H=1.070g H2O×2.016 g H/18.02g H2O=0.1197 g H
Mass of C + Mass of H =0.5185 g + 0.1197 g =0.6382 g
This is less than the mass of the sample.
The missing mass must be caused by O.
Mass of O = 0.9827 g - 0.6382 g = 0.3445 g
Now, we must convert these masses to moles and find their ratios.
we get, The empirical formula is C4H11O2.
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consider the lewis structure for pcl3 . the lewis structure for pcl3. the central p has a single bond to each cl atom and a lone pair. each cl atom has 6 valence electrons. what are the approximate bond angles?
Considering the lewis structure for PCl₃, PCl₃'s bond angle is 103°.
PCl₃'s bond angle is less than 109°. The chemical formula for phosphorus trichloride is PCl₃, and it is a rare substance.
This indicates that the phosphorus atom is located in the middle of a triangle formed by the three chlorine atoms.
Because the angles of the bonds between each pair of atoms are all 120 degrees, this molecule is known as "triple-chlorine."
Since chlorine needs an electron and phosphorus has a metallic nature and is an easy electron donor, their bond in PCl₃ is covalent. Additionally, it has trigonal bi pyramidal structure, as per VSEPR.
So, the approximate bond angles between P and Cl is 103°.
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If equal masses of the following compounds undergo complete combustion, which will yield the greatest mass of CO2?
A) Benzene C6H6
B) Cyclohexane C6H12
C) Glucose C6H12O6
D) Methane CH4
The correct option is D) Methane (CH₄), which will yield the greatest mass of CO₂.
The combustion chemical reaction and stoichiometry for carbon dioxide are presented below for this situations possibilities, assuming a mass of 100 g for each compounds :
Option A. Benzene C₆H₆ :
C₆H₆ + [tex]\frac{15}{2}[/tex]O₂ → 6CO₂ + 3H₂O
Since m(CO₂) = 100gC₆H₆ × [tex]\frac{1 mol C6H6}{78g C6H6}[/tex] ×[tex]\frac{6 mol CO2}{1mol C6H6}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{44g CO2}{1 mol CO2}[/tex]
m(CO₂) = 347.4 g of CO₂
Option B. Cyclohexane C₆H₁₂
C₆H₁₂ + 9O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
m(CO₂) = 100gC₆H₁₂ × [tex]\frac{1 mol C6H12}{84 g C6H12}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{6 mol CO2} {1 mol C6H12}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{44g CO2}{1 mol CO2}[/tex]
m(CO₂) = 314.3 g CO₂
Option C. Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
m(CO₂) = 100gC₆H₁₂O₆ × [tex]\frac{1mol C6H12O6}{180g C6H12O6}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{6mol CO2}{1mol C6H12O6}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{44g CO2}{1mol CO2}[/tex]
m(CO₂) = 146.7 g CO₂
Option D. Methane CH₄
CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
m(CO₂) = 100gCH₄ × [tex]\frac{1mol CH4}{16g CH4}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{6mol CO2}{1mol CH4}[/tex] × [tex]\frac{44g CO2}{1mol CO2}[/tex]
m(CO₂) = 1650 g CO₂
As a result, D) Methane CH4 produces the greatest mass of carbon dioxide for equal masses.
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how many grams of water will be produced when 2.9 moles of ethanol (ch3ch2oh) are burned completely? enter a number only (no units) and express your answer using three significant figures.
The 156 gram of water produced from combustion of 2.9 moles of ethanol.
C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ ⇒2CO₂ + 3 H₂O
Given
Moles of ethanol taken = 2.9
Since 1 mole of ethanol produce water = 54gram
2.9 moles of ethanol produce water = 2.9 x 54 g
= 156 gram water produced
It should be emphasized that oxygen is necessary for the burning of ethanol. Although it won't happen right away, see carbon dioxide atmospheric residence time for more information on how quickly CO2 will be absorbed by plant matter. An exothermic reaction is one in which the burning of alcohol produces heat energy.
Hence, ethanol undergoes combustion to form carbon dioxide and water.
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which greenhouse gas listed here has the longest atmospheric lifetime? carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide all greenhouse gases have approximately the same atmospheric lifetimes
Nitrous oxide have longest atmospheric lifetime of 121 years.
What is atmospheric lifetime?
The period of time it takes for the atmosphere to return to equilibrium after a dramatic change in a species' atmospheric concentration is called its atmospheric lifetime.
The longest atmospheric life of nitrous oxide is 121 years.
Methane has approximately 12.4 years.
Due to its conversion into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide has even less energy.
Additionally, because carbon dioxide is not eliminated, its lifetime is not known.
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Calcite (caco3) is a crystal with abnormally large birefringence. The index of refraction for light with electric field parallel to the optical axis (called extraordinary waves or e-waves) is 1. 4864. The index of refraction for light with electric field perpendicular to the optical axis (called ordinary waves or o-waves) is 1. 6584.
Calcite (caco3) is a crystal with exceptionally significant birefringence when a light wave travels through one medium to another. The right responses to the question are 42.28 and 37.08 degrees.
What do crystals and examples mean?
A few examples of everyday objects that are crystals include table salt, also known as sodium chloride and halite crystals, sugar, sometimes known as sucrose, and snowflakes. Several gemstones, such as diamond and quartz, are composed of crystals. There are numerous compounds that resemble crystals but are actually polycrystals.
Is crystal a gem?
"A crystal can't be a gemstone, but a diamond can be a crystal." In contrast to sugar, which is a gemstone but not a crystal,
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the combustion of octane, c8h18,c8h18, proceeds according to the reaction shown. 2c8h18(l) 25o2(g)⟶16co2(g) 18h2o(l) 2c8h18(l) 25o2(g)⟶16co2(g) 18h2o(l) if 442 mol442 mol of octane combusts, what volume of carbon dioxide is produced at 33.0 ∘c33.0 ∘c and 0.995 atm?
The volume of the carbon dioxide is 89323.67 L.
Given,
Moles of octane = 442 moles
The balanced chemical reaction is given as,
2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂ → 16CO₂ + 18H₂O
2 moles of octane on reaction produces 16 moles of carbon dioxide
1 mole of octane on reaction produces 16/2 moles of carbon dioxide
442 moles of octane on reaction produces 8 × 442 moles of carbon dioxide
Moles of carbon dioxide = 3536 moles
Given:
Pressure = 0.995 atm
Temperature = 33.0 °C
The conversion of T( °C) to T(K) is shown as follows:
T(K) = T( °C) + 273.15
So,
T₁ = (33.0 + 273.15) K = 306.15 K
Using ideal gas equation as:
PV = nRT
where,
P is the pressure
V is the volume
n is the number of moles
T is the temperature
R is Gas constant having value = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol
Applying the equation as:
0.995 atm × V = 3536 mol × 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol × 306.15 K
⇒V = 89323.67 L
Hence, the volume of the carbon dioxide is 89323.67 L.
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Classify the carbohydrate tagatose by both the carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms.
ketohexose is the carbohydrate tagatose by both the carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms.
An atom is a particle to be counted that uniquely defines a chemical detail. An atom consists of a central nucleus which is surrounded with the aid of one or extra negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is definitely charged and incorporates one or greater especially heavy particles known as protons and neutrons.
The time period "atom" comes from the Greek phrase for indivisible as it was as soon the idea that atoms were the smallest matters within the universe and couldn't be divided.
An atom includes a critical nucleus that is surrounded by means of one or more negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is undoubtedly charged and incorporates one or greater extraordinarily heavy particles called protons and neutrons. Atoms are the simple building blocks of the count.
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arrange the following images of an aqueous base solution in order of decreasing base strength: rank images from strongest to weakest base. to rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
There were no image given in the statement hence providing information about strongest base to weakest base.
What is ?Strongest base:Any base which can be completely dissociated in an aqueous solution is termed as Strong base.
Some examples of strong base are:
Lithium Hydroxide.Sodium Hydroxide. Potassium Hydroxide.Rubidium Hydroxide.Cesium Hydroxide.Calcium HydroxideThe Strongest base is known as ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion.
Weak base:Any base which can't be completely dissociated in an aqueous solution is termed as Weak base . Some examples of weak base are:
Ammonia Aluminium hydroxideLead hydroxide Ferric hydroxide Copper hydroxideThe weakest base can be water.
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outline the best method for preparing the following ketone from an appropriate alcohol in one step. draw the starting alcohol and select the best reagent.
A ketone is a functional group in organic chemistry with the formula R-C(=O)-R', where R and R' can be any number of carbon-containing substituents. A carbonyl group, or C(=O)-, or carbon-oxygen double bond, is present in ketones.
What is reagent?
Reagents are substances or mixtures that are added to a system in order to start a chemical reaction or determine whether one has already happened. A reagent can be used to test for the presence of a certain chemical by generating a reaction with it.
Reagents can be substances or combinations. Small inorganic or organic molecules make up the majority of compounds in organic chemistry. The Grignard reagent, the Tollens reagent, the Collins reagent, the Fehling reagent, and the Fenton reagent are examples of reagents. To be used as a reagent, a chemical does not necessarily need to contain the word "reagent" in its name.
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how many times more energy comes from the nuclear reaction than the chemical reaction? if you did it right, this answer should be on the order of millions.
The times more energy comes from the nuclear reaction than the chemical reaction is more than 1,000,000 or greater than one million.
The nuclear reaction releases is greater than one million times than the chemical reaction. nuclear reactions are more energetic than the chemical reaction about a millions times. the mass difference in the nuclear reaction is large as compared to the chemical reaction. The nuclear reaction involves the energy level change to the neutrons and the protons. in the chemical reaction the energy level change to the electrons.
Thus, the nuclear reaction produce more energy than the chemical reaction of about greater than a million.
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If the bond angle between two adjacent hybrid orbitals is 120°, which is the hybridization?.
Three sp₂ hybrid spins that are aligned at a 120-degree angle to one another are produced when a s orbital is hybridized with p+ orbitals (p x and p y). Trigonal geometry is produced by Sp₂ hybridization.
How do you define hybridization?Atomic orbitals with the same energy are blended together in a procedure called hybridization is order to obtain the same quantity of a novel type of hybrid orbitals. This mix typically results in hybrid atomic nuclei with entirely different energies, topologies, etc.
What is sp2 hybridization?One s orbital and two p orbitals combine to generate three sp2 orbitals, each of which has 33% s character and 67% p character. This process is known as sp2 hybridization. Anytime an atom is surround by 3 groups of electrons, this kind of hybridization is necessary.
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to determine the total amount of gas it took to mow the lawn this past summer, erin multiplied the number of times she mowed the lawn, 24 , by the amount of gas it takes to mow the lawn each time, 3 8 of a gallon. what is the total amount of gas? responses 1 64 of a gallon 1 sixty-fourth of a gallon 1 9 of a gallon 1 ninth of a gallon 9 gallons 9 gallons 64 gallons 64 gallons
Answer: 9 gallons
Explanation:
3/8 = 0.375
0.375x 24 =
9 so answer is 9 gallons
fatty acids are subdivided into two major classes, based on the relative numbers of hydrogen and carbon atoms they contain. what are these two classes
Most of the herbal fatty acids have a fair wide variety of carbon atoms, because their biosynthesis involves acetyl-CoA, a coenzyme wearing a -carbon-atom institution.
As the quantity of carbons in a fatty acid chain increases, so does the melting point as illustrated in the determine below. thus, shorter chain fatty acids are more likely to be liquid, whilst longer chain fatty acids are more likely to be solid at room temperature (20-25ᐤC, 68-seventy sevenᐤF).
Fatty acids are categorised according to the presence and wide variety of double bonds of their carbon chain. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) comprise no double bonds, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) comprise one, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) comprise more than one double bond.
Fatty acids may be divided into four fashionable classes: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats. Saturated fatty acids and trans fat are related to an improved hazard of coronary heart ailment.
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5.provide an example of each of the following types of reactions: a.neutralization b.acid and metal c.acid and metal oxide
a. Neutralization: strong acid and strong bases and strong acid and weak bases b. Acid and metal: sulphuric acid and nitric acid c. acid and metal oxide: basic oxides and neutral oxides.
Give an example of a neutralizing reaction.Response to Neutralization: Strong acid and strong base reactions produce a salt that is neither acidic nor basic in nature, or neutral. For instance, sodium chloride and water are produced when HCl (hydrochloric acid), a powerful acid, combines with NaOH, a powerful base.
What does neutralizing an acid entail?The interaction of H+ ions and OH- ions produces water in a neutralization reaction, which occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.
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for each pair of compounds, pick the one with the higher boiling point. explain your reasoning. cs2 or cse2
Due to the cancellation of the two opposing dipoles within the molecule, CO2 is a nonpolar molecule. Consequently, the modest dispersion forces are its main intermolecular forces.
What are the forces between molecules?
Intermolecular forces are those that exist between molecules. It differs from an intramolecular force—that is, a force that exists within a molecule—because of this. A force within a molecule would therefore resemble a covalent bond. Intermolecular force is the name for the force that exists between molecules.
What are instances of intermolecular forces?
Intermolecular forces operate between molecules. In contrast, intramolecular pressures are produced by molecules themselves. Intermolecular forces are less powerful than intramolecular forces. Intermolecular forces include the London dispersion force, dipole-dipole interaction, ion-dipole interaction, and van der Waals.
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in which area of the peirodic table are the elements with the strongest nonmetallic properties located
The elements with the strongest nonmetallic properties are located in the upper right side of the periodic table.
A non-metallic chemical element that may create anions, acid oxides, acids, and stable hydrogen compounds. Examples include boron, carbon, and nitrogen. It belongs to group 13 to 17.
Elements with 4, 5, or 7 electrons in their outermost shell are considered non-metals. Non-metals include things like carbon, oxygen, chlorine, etc.
Natural substances known as non-metals are brittle and thermally and electrically inert (can not be easily rolled, moulding, extruding or pressing). The non-metallic elements in the periodic table are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, arsenic, and selenium.
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sometimes a particle of radiation penetrates a substance and continues on its way, and sometimes it doesn’t. for the particles that don’t make it through a substance, what happened to them? at the atomic level, what did they hit? an atom, sure, but what part of the atom do you think they hit?
a.they are unstable and highly reactive molecules. sometimes a particle of radiation penetrates a substance and continues on its way, and sometimes it doesn’t. for the particles that don’t make it through a substance.
The definition of radiation is energy that emanates from a source and moves at the speed of light through space. This energy has wave-like characteristics and is surrounded by an electric and magnetic field. Electromagnetic waves are another name for radiation. Our cells' DNA can be harmed by radiation. High radiation doses can result in cutaneous radiation injuries (CRI) or acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Cancer later in life may also result from high radiation doses. Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy as waves or particles through a material medium or through space.
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Based on relative bond strengths , classify these reactions as endothermic (energy absorbed) or exothermic (energy released ).
Endothermic ;
Exothermic;
Strongest Bond A-B A-A B-B C-C B-C A-C Weakest Bond A2+C2 -> 2AC B2 +C2 -> 2BC A+BC -> AB+C A2+B2 -> 2AB AB+C -> AC+B
1. Endothermic
2. Exothermic
3. Endothermic
4. Endothermic
5. Exothermic
A reaction that emits heat and has a net negative standard enthalpy change is said to be exothermic. Any combustion procedure, iron rusting, and water freezing are a few examples. Exothermic reactions are those in which heat-based energy is released into the surrounding environment. If heat is absorbed by the system from the environment, the reaction or physical change is endothermic. As a result of the system absorbing heat from its surroundings during an endothermic process, the environment cools.
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Mg2+Draw the Lewis dot structure for Mg2+. Show the charge. To change the symbol of an atom, double-click on the atom and enter the letter of the new atom.
The Lewis dot structure of Mg²⁺ is shown in the attached image.
Mg atoms have two electrons in their outermost orbitals. An atom has the ability to lose two electrons and he becomes Mg²⁺.
Lewis structure, also called Lewis symbols, are used to represent electrons as dots. Two electrons are donated from the Mg atom to produce a magnesium ion or Mg²⁺.
The electronic configuration of Mg can be written as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2, whereas the electronic configuration of Mg²⁺ was found to be 1s2 2s2 2p6. Element number magnesium is 12.
To create a Lewis electron dot diagram, visualize the symbol for magnesium inside a box containing all core electrons. We then place the valence electrons so that each side of the box corresponds to the highest energy level orbital. The Mg²⁺ ion fills the vacancy in the second orbital with eight electrons.
Note here that this ion has a valence shell of 2 and the number of electrons in it is 8. Therefore, the Lewis structure has eight points, and since it is a charged species, the net charge must also be mentioned. Therefore, the Lewis structure of Mg²⁺
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4. Explain why diisopropylamine is a stronger base than aniline nh2 diisopropylamine aniline.
Answer: Cyclohexylamine is a stronger base than aniline because in aniline electron pair is involved in conjugation, which makes the electron pair unavailable, where as in cyclohexyl amine, the −NH
2
group is out side the ring and there is no resonance in the ring also, thereby the lone pair present on the nitrogen is freely available, resulting in a stronger base.
Explanation: I dont have one...
for a two-phase mixture at equilibrium at a given temperature and pressure, if both species are present in the two phases, the activity of each species must be spatially uniform throughout the two phases, true or false?
For a pure substance, two phases that are in thermodynamic equilibrium must share the same chemical potential. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which can be used to define the phase boundary between the phases, can be used for this.
At low temperatures and high pressure, the solid phase is preferred; at high temperatures and low pressure, the gas phase is preferred. The temperature and pressure ranges at which two phases can coexist in equilibrium are represented by the lines in a phase diagram.
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