What is the "corporate governance"? Discuss the two different
corporate governance models. (shareholders- stakeholders)

The variance contributing most to the year's favorable results for Preston Industries is the sales volume variance for operating income.

This variance measures the difference between the actual operating income and the flexible budgeted operating income based on the actual sales volume. It indicates how much the operating income deviated from what was expected due to changes in sales volume.

The favorable sales volume variance for operating income was caused by selling fewer units than budgeted. Since the actual sales volume was lower than predicted, the company's costs, particularly variable costs and fixed costs, were also lower than anticipated. As a result, the operating income exceeded the flexible budgeted amount.

Preston Industries Flexible Budget Performance Report For the Year Ended December 31, 2018:

1. Sales Revenue:

2. Variable Costs:

3. Contribution Margin: (Sales Revenue - Variable Costs)

4. Fixed Costs:

(1) - (3) = Sales Volume Variance: $26,100 F (Favorable)

(3) - (5) = Flexible Budget Variance for Operating Income: $24,470 F (Favorable)

To complete the report through the operating income line and compute total variances, additional information is needed.

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Assuming you purchased a share of Northstar Sports for $101.68 and expect to receive a dividend of $4.75 in one year, with the expected price after the dividend being $103.83, you can calculate the total return you expect to earn over the year.

To calculate the total return, you need to consider both the dividend yield and the capital gain rate.

Dividend Yield:

The dividend yield is the dividend per share divided by the stock price at the time of purchase. In this case, the dividend yield would be:

Dividend Yield = Dividend / Stock Price

= $4.75 / $101.68

= 0.0467 or 4.67%

Capital Gain Rate:

The capital gain rate represents the increase in the stock price over the year. It can be calculated as:

Capital Gain Rate = (Price after dividend - Stock Price) / Stock Price

= ($103.83 - $101.68) / $101.68

= 0.0211 or 2.11%

Total Return:

The total return is the sum of the dividend yield and the capital gain rate. Therefore, the expected total return over the year would be:

Total Return = Dividend Yield + Capital Gain Rate

= 4.67% + 2.11%

= 6.78%

Hence, you expect to earn a total return of 6.78% over the year.

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Uncertainty can provide an argument for a fixed exchange rate system due to the stability and predictability it offers in international trade and investment.

Here are some key points to consider:

1. Price stability: A fixed exchange rate system provides stability in international prices by eliminating or minimizing fluctuations in exchange rates. This stability helps businesses plan and make long-term investment decisions without the risk of sudden changes in the value of their currency.

2. Trade facilitation: Fixed exchange rates promote international trade by reducing uncertainty in the cost of imported and exported goods. Businesses can negotiate contracts and set prices with confidence, knowing that exchange rate fluctuations will not significantly impact their profitability.

3. Investment attraction: A fixed exchange rate system can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) by providing a stable environment for investors. They can assess and project returns on their investments without the added risk of exchange rate volatility, which can discourage investment in countries with unpredictable currency values.

4. Confidence and credibility: A fixed exchange rate system can enhance a country's reputation and credibility in the global economy. It signals a commitment to sound monetary policies and can build trust among international partners, investors, and lenders.

However, it is important to note that maintaining a fixed exchange rate system requires strong monetary and fiscal policies, as well as sufficient foreign exchange reserves to defend the fixed rate. Additionally, a fixed exchange rate system may limit a country's ability to respond to domestic economic shocks and adjust its currency value to restore competitiveness. Thus, the decision to adopt a fixed exchange rate system should consider the specific economic conditions and goals of the country in question.

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The company prepares a pro forma balance sheet to show its assets, liabilities, and equity as of a certain point in time, such as the end of the third quarter

To determine the amount of accounts receivable that the company will report on its third quarter pro forma balance sheet, the company will use its pro forma financial statement. The pro forma financial statement is a projected statement that the company makes to present its financial statements when certain assumptions are considered and to forecast future cash flows. It gives an idea of what the company's financial position would look like if certain transactions occur in the future, such as an acquisition, a merger, or an expansion of the company's operations.
. The pro forma balance sheet is a projection based on the company's assumptions about its future transactions. The amount of accounts receivable the company will report on its third quarter pro forma balance sheet depends on its sales during the third quarter, the company's credit policies, and the payment terms agreed between the company and its customers.
If the company sells on credit, it will have accounts receivable. Accounts receivable represent the amount of money owed to the company by its customers for goods sold or services rendered. The amount of accounts receivable on the pro forma balance sheet will depend on the sales made during the third quarter and the company's collection policies. The company should consider its past collection history and the creditworthiness of its customers when forecasting the amount of accounts receivable it will report on the pro forma balance sheet.
In conclusion, the amount of accounts receivable that the company will report on its third quarter pro forma balance sheet depends on the company's sales and collection policies during the third quarter. To determine the amount of accounts receivable, the company should use its pro forma financial statement.

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Marketing is a field that is in high demand, and it offers many opportunities for those who are interested in pursuing a career in the industry.

1)Studying marketing can provide you with a range of skills and knowledge that can be applied in various industries and career paths.Some of the benefits of studying marketing include developing communication skills, learning how to analyze data and research, understanding consumer behavior, and gaining experience with various marketing strategies and techniques. Additionally, marketing is a field that is constantly evolving, so studying marketing can help you stay up-to-date with current trends and developments in the industry.In terms of career opportunities, studying marketing can prepare you for a wide range of roles such as marketing manager, public relations specialist, advertising executive, market research analyst, and more.

2. Marketing can be defined in many ways. In your own words, describe marketing to someone who has not read this chapter.Marketing is the process of creating, delivering, and promoting goods and services to consumers in order to satisfy their needs and wants. It involves a range of activities such as market research, advertising, product development, pricing, and distribution. The goal of marketing is to create value for both the business and the consumer by understanding and meeting the needs of the target market.Marketing is an essential function of any business as it helps to build brand awareness, attract new customers, and retain existing ones. It requires a deep understanding of consumer behavior, market trends, and industry developments in order to create effective marketing strategies and tactics. Overall, marketing plays a critical role in the success of businesses and the satisfaction of consumers.

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To choose between the two alternative projects involving machinery investments, we need to compare their initial investments.

Project 1 requires an initial investment of $135,000, while Project 2 requires an initial investment of $98,000. This means that Project 1 requires a higher initial investment than Project 2.

To make an informed decision between the two alternative projects involving machinery investments, we need to consider various factors such as the expected return on investment, the risk involved, and the time horizon of the investment. However, one of the most critical factors is the initial investment required for each project. Project 1 requires an initial investment of $135,000, which is significantly higher than Project 2's initial investment of $98,000. This means that Project 1 will require more funds upfront, which could impact the business's cash flow. It is essential to ensure that the business has enough cash reserves to cover the initial investment or can obtain financing at a reasonable cost .

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The future worth of her retirement fund after 16 years is $1,217,430.23.

The civil engineer planning for her retirement places 8% of her salary each year into a high-technology stock fund. If her salary this year (end of year 1) is $170,000 and she expects her salary to increase by 4% each year.

The future worth of her retirement fund will be $1,217,430.23.

Let's calculate it:

Given,

Current salary = $170,000

Expected growth rate = 4%

Rate of interest = 9%

Contribution percentage = 8%

To find,

The future worth of her retirement fund after 16 years.

As we know, FV = PV(1 + i)n + PMT[(1 + i)n - 1 / i], where,

PV = Present Value

i = Rate of interest

n = Number of years

PMT = Payment made per year

We have,

Initial investment (PMT) = 0.08 * 170,000 = $13,600

Present Value (PV) = $0

Future Value (FV) = ?

Number of years (n) = 16

Rate of Interest (i) = 9%

Expected salary in the first year = $170,000

Expected salary in the second year = $170,000 * 1.04 = $176,800

Expected salary in the third year = $176,800 * 1.04 = $183,872

Expected salary in the fourth year = $183,872 * 1.04 = $191,324.48And so on up to the 16th year, which is:

Expected salary in the sixteenth year = $341,558.49

To calculate future value (FV), we need to calculate the payment made per year (PMT).

PMT = 0.08 * 170,000 = $13,600

The future value of the investment after 16 years,

FV = PV(1 + i)n + PMT[(1 + i)n - 1 / i]

FV = $0(1 + 0.09)16 + $13,600 [(1 + 0.09)16 - 1 / 0.09]

FV = $1,217,430.23

Therefore, the future worth of her retirement fund after 16 years is $1,217,430.23.

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The statement "Data visualization help users see patterns and relationships that would be difficult to see in text lists" is true. Explanation: Data visualization is the representation of data through charts, graphs, and other graphical interfaces. It aids in data analysis by allowing users to see patterns and relationships that would be difficult to discern in text lists or tables.

Data visualization can help in the discovery of insights from a large dataset, and it can make complex data more accessible, understandable, and shareable. It can also assist in the communication of findings to others. As a result, data visualization is essential in data analysis and business intelligence, as well as in many other areas where data plays a critical role.

Data visualization help users see patterns and relationships that would be difficult to see in text lists. True False It can also assist in the communication of findings to others. As a result, data visualization is essential in data analysis and business intelligence, as well as in many other areas where data plays a critical role.

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The financial advantage or disadvantage if Birch closes its plant for two months can be calculated using the information provided as follows:The variable cost per unit is $10, therefore, contribution margin is $20 − $10 = $10 per unit. This implies that the contribution margin ratio is 50% ($10 / $20). If Birch closes its plant for two months, it will save $45,000 per month. Therefore, it would be more financially advantageous for Birch Company to close its plant for two months.

Question 2:Should Birch close the plant for two months?Yes, Birch Company should close its plant for two months, because if it closes its plant, it will incur an operating income of $6,600 during the strike period, whereas if it keeps the plant open, it will incur an operating loss of $93,000.

Question 3:At what level of unit sales for the two-month period would Birch Company be indifferent between closing the plant or keeping it open?Birch Company will be indifferent between closing the plant or keeping it open when the total cost of operating the plant is the same as the total cost of closing it and reopening it after two months.The cost of keeping the plant open for two months is as follows:Revenue ($20 × 22,000 units) = $440,000 Variable costs ($10 × 22,000 units) = $220,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead ($155,000 × 2) = $310,000 Fixed selling costs ($48,000 × 2) = $96,000 Total cost of keeping the plant open = $626,000 The cost of closing the plant and reopening it after two months is as follows:Revenue ($20 × 22,000 units) = $440,000 Variable costs ($10 × 22,000 units) = $220,000 Contribution margin = $220,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead ($155,000 × 2) − $45,000 = $265,000 Fixed selling costs ($48,000 × 2) − $4,800 = $91,200 Startup costs at the end of the shutdown period = $16,000 Total cost of closing the plant = $592,200 When the total cost of keeping the plant open is the same as the total cost of closing it, Birch Company will be indifferent between closing the plant or keeping it open. That is,$626,000 = $592,200 + x where x is the level of unit sales for the two-month period.The sales level can be calculated as follows:x = ($626,000 − $592,200) / $10x = 33,800 units Therefore, Birch Company would be indifferent between closing the plant or keeping it open if it sells 33,800 units during the two-month period.

If Birch Company closes its plant for two months, it will incur an operating profit of $6,600 during the strike period. Therefore, it would be more financially advantageous for Birch Company to close its plant for two months.

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According to the Real Business Cycle theory, an increase in government spending would have the following effect: a. Increases output without any effect on price.

In the Real Business Cycle (RBC) framework, changes in government spending are considered as exogenous shocks to the economy. According to RBC theory, an increase in government spending stimulates aggregate demand, leading to an expansion of output and employment in the short run.

Therefore, according to the Real Business Cycle theory, an increase in government spending would primarily lead to an increase in output without any significant effect on price levels. This view is rooted in the belief that market forces and price flexibility play a crucial role in adjusting the economy to various shocks, including changes in government spending.

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One movie released in the spring/summer of 2021 that targeted a specific audience is "Cruella."

This film, a prequel to Disney's "101 Dalmatians," is targeted to a diverse range of viewers, including:

Age: The movie targets both children and adults, with a focus on older children, teenagers, and young adults who are familiar with the original "101 Dalmatians" story.

Education: The movie does not specifically target a particular level of education but caters to a wide range of educational backgrounds.

Income: While the movie can be enjoyed by people across different income levels, it primarily targets individuals with disposable income or those willing to spend on entertainment.

Social Affiliations: The film appeals to a broad range of social affiliations, including Disney fans, fans of Emma Stone (who plays Cruella), and those interested in the fashion industry.

The target market for "Cruella" encompasses individuals who enjoy fantasy, adventure, and fashion, and who have a connection to or interest in the original "101 Dalmatians" story. The film's casting, genre, and tie-in to a beloved Disney classic make it appealing to a wide range of viewers, including families, young adults, and Disney enthusiasts.

Part 2: Regarding Matthew Kobach's quote, my reaction is positive. I agree with his statement that marketing is a humbling profession that requires continuous learning, re-learning, and un-learning. In the ever-changing landscape of consumer preferences, market trends, and technological advancements, what may have worked in the past may not necessarily work in the present or future.Marketing professionals need to remain adaptable and open-minded, willing to experiment, take risks, and learn from both successes and failures. It is crucial to stay updated with market insights, consumer behavior, and emerging strategies to effectively reach and engage target audiences. The quote emphasizes the dynamic nature of marketing and the need for continuous growth and adaptation to stay relevant and successful in the field.

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When Sacramento Public Library buys office supplies such as ink and paper to support its daily operation, the purchase occurs in the intermediate market and the library is an end-user.

When Sacramento Public Library buys office supplies such as ink and paper to support its daily operation, the purchase occurs in the intermediate market and the library is an end-user. The Sacramento Public Library purchases various items to support its day-to-day operations. Office supplies such as paper, ink, staples, pens, and pencils are among the most commonly purchased items. However, it is essential to note that the purchases can occur in either of two primary markets: consumer or intermediate markets.A consumer market is a market where the library is a final consumer of the items they purchase. The purchase occurs in the consumer market when the library needs office supplies for use in-house, such as when they buy books or videos to add to their collection or when they buy a coffee machine for their break room. The library does not resell the items purchased in the consumer market. However, an intermediate market is where the library purchases items that are part of their operational support but are not resold. Items purchased in the intermediate market are typically used to produce goods or provide services. The library purchases ink and paper to provide printing services to their clients in the intermediate market.Besides, the library is an end-user in the intermediate market, as they use the purchased items to provide services to their customers. As an end-user, the library buys supplies in smaller quantities than wholesalers in the intermediate market. This reduces the library's purchasing power, and they may end up paying more per unit of supplies. In summary, the Sacramento Public Library buys office supplies such as ink and paper to support its daily operations in the intermediate market, where it is an end-user.

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An increase in the quantity demanded is shown as a movement along the demand curve, which corresponds to option B.

When there is a change in the quantity demanded, it means that the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price has changed.

Movement along the demand curve occurs when there is a change in the price of the product, while other factors influencing demand remain constant. As the price decreases, for example, the quantity demanded tends to increase, and vice versa. This movement along the demand curve is depicted as a change from one point to another on the same curve.

On the other hand, a shift in the demand curve, either to the left or to the right, represents a change in demand due to factors other than price. Such factors could include changes in consumer preferences, income, prices of related goods, or population size. A leftward shift indicates a decrease in demand, while a rightward shift indicates an increase in demand.

Therefore, an increase in the quantity demanded is represented by a movement along the demand curve, not a shift in the demand curve.

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Answer:

To analyze the decision maker's choices and determine the optimal investment according to the utility perspective, we can calculate the expected utility, certainty equivalent, and risk premium for each investment option.

Explanation:

(a) Investment 1:

Expected value of the investment = 0.5 * (1 + 0.32 + 0.70) = 0.5 * (1 + 0.6) = 0.8

Utility of Investment 1 = U(0.8 * $80,000) = 1 - (0.8 * $80,000) / $40,000 = 1 - 2 = -1

Investment 2:

Expected value of the investment = 0.25 * (1 + 0.70.5 + 0.30) = 0.25 * (1 + 0.35) = 0.2875

Utility of Investment 2 = U(0.2875 * $80,000) = 1 - (0.2875 * $80,000) / $40,000 = 1 - 0.575 = 0.425

Comparing the utilities, Investment 2 has a higher utility (0.425) compared to Investment 1 (-1). Therefore, according to the utility perspective, the decision maker should pick Investment 2.

(b) Certainty Equivalent:

The certainty equivalent represents the amount of certain payoff that would make the decision maker indifferent between the risky investment and a certain outcome. To find the certainty equivalent, we equate the utility of the certain payoff to the utility of the risky investment.

For Investment 1:

U(certain) = U(0.5 * $80,000) = 1 - (0.5 * $80,000) / $40,000 = 1 - 1 = 0

The certainty equivalent for Investment 1 is $40,000.

For Investment 2:

U(certain) = U(0.25 * $80,000) = 1 - (0.25 * $80,000) / $40,000 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

The certainty equivalent for Investment 2 is $40,000.

Interpretation: The certainty equivalent represents the amount that the decision maker would consider as equally preferable to the risky investment. In this case, the certainty equivalent for both investments is $40,000, indicating that the decision maker is indifferent between the risky investment and receiving a certain $40,000.

(c) Risk Premium:

The risk premium measures the additional amount of payoff that the decision maker requires to take on the risk of the investment. It is the difference between the expected value of the investment and the certainty equivalent.

For Investment 1:

Risk Premium = Expected value - Certainty equivalent = 0.8 - $40,000 = -$39,999

For Investment 2:

Risk Premium = Expected value - Certainty equivalent = 0.2875 - $40,000 = -$39,999.7125

Interpretation: The negative risk premiums indicate that the decision maker would require a negative additional payoff to bear the risk of these investments. This implies that the decision maker is risk-averse and willing to pay to avoid risk.

(d) To calculate the maximum amount the decision maker is willing to pay for insurance, we need to determine the expected value of the loss from the bank safe being burglarized and multiply it by the risk tolerance.

Expected loss = 0.01 * $80,000 = $800

The maximum amount the decision maker is willing to pay for insurance is equal to the risk tolerance, which is $40,000

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Answer: A. New York and Alabama will be better off if people are allowed to trade freely.

Explanation:

This statement is generally true. Free trade allows for the specialization of production based on comparative advantage, leading to increased efficiency and economic growth. By engaging in trade, both New York and Alabama can benefit from access to a wider range of goods and services, increased market opportunities, and potential cost savings. Trade allows for the exchange of resources, encourages competition, and fosters economic development.

In summary, statement A is true, while statements B, C, and D are not necessarily true and may not accurately capture the complexities and potential benefits of trade between New York and Alabama.

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The given question is about a company's estimated sales for eight months ending 30-11-2021. The total sales for eight months of the company are 93000 units. The moving average forecast method will be used to forecast the company's sales for December 2021. The estimated sales for December are 10000 units.

The total sales for eight months of the company are 93000 units. The average sales for the eight months will be calculated by adding the sales of all the months and dividing them by eight. The moving average forecast method will be used to forecast the sales for December 2021 by taking the average of the previous three months i.e. September, October, and November. The estimated sales for December are 10000 units. The moving average forecast method is one of the statistical techniques used to forecast future sales and demand. It involves taking the average of the previous three months of sales and using it as an estimate for the next month's sales. This method is useful when there is a trend in sales, and it helps to smooth out fluctuations in sales due to seasonality or other factors. In this case, the company's sales have been fluctuating over the past eight months, but by using the moving average forecast method, we can estimate the sales for December 2021. The estimated sales for December are 10000 units.

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Macroeconomics focuses on decision making in the aggregate rather than individual consumers and producers.

The correct answer to the question is "Decision making in the aggregate." Macroeconomics is concerned with the overall behavior and performance of an economy. It examines variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), national income, employment levels, inflation, and government policies. Macroeconomists study how these factors interact and influence the economy as a whole.

In contrast, microeconomics focuses on individual economic units such as households, consumers, and firms. It explores how individual consumers make decisions based on their budget constraints and preferences. Microeconomics also examines the supply and demand dynamics in specific markets, analyzing factors like price elasticity and market equilibrium.

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Rational decision-making is a multi-step process that is typically used in organizations. In this method, decision-making is divided into stages, each of which must be completed before moving on to the next stage.

In the case of CEO Tauriq Keraan there are six stages to rational decision-making, which are as follows:

Define the problem: The first step in rational decision-making is to identify the problem that needs to be resolved. In the case of CEO Tauriq Keraan's decision to launch an account for small businesses, the problem may be that small businesses have difficulty obtaining credit.

Research: The second stage is to gather information that is relevant to the problem. For example, the CEO should investigate the market conditions for small businesses and consumer lending. He should also investigate the potential risks of offering unsecured credit and the legal and regulatory requirements of such an offering.

Evaluate alternatives: The third step is to assess the various options available to resolve the problem. In this scenario, the CEO may consider several alternatives, such as expanding the lending criteria for small businesses, offering secured credit or not offering credit at all. He must then evaluate the pros and cons of each alternative.

Select the best alternative: In the fourth stage, the CEO selects the best alternative based on the analysis of the previous step. Based on the evaluation, he might conclude that the most promising option is to launch an account for small businesses, responsibly offering consumers unsecured credit.

Implement the decision: The fifth stage is to put the selected alternative into action. In this case, the CEO should begin creating a business plan for the new product and putting in place the resources and processes necessary for its launch.

Evaluate the decision: The final stage is to evaluate the results of the decision-making process. In this step, the CEO needs to determine if the new product has been successful in meeting the needs of small businesses while responsibly offering consumers unsecured credit. The CEO should also assess whether there are any legal or regulatory issues that need to be addressed.

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The decision to engage in negotiations with a potential acquirer represents a strategic move by LayerHay Ltd.'s board of directors to explore the possibility of a merger or acquisition and assess the potential benefits and risks associated with such a transaction.

In this scenario, the directors of LayerHay Ltd. have made a decision to enter into negotiations with a large public listed company that is interested in acquiring their business.

The decision to engage in negotiations with a potential acquirer is a significant step for LayerHay Ltd. as it presents an opportunity for the company to explore the potential benefits and implications of a merger or acquisition. This decision reflects the board's willingness to consider external opportunities for the future of the company.

By engaging in negotiations, LayerHay Ltd. can assess the terms and conditions of the proposed acquisition, including the valuation of their business, the structure of the deal, and any potential synergies or benefits that may arise from the merger. These negotiations will involve discussions regarding the purchase price, potential integration plans, legal considerations, and other relevant aspects.

Engaging in negotiations with a large public listed company indicates that LayerHay Ltd. recognizes the potential value and growth opportunities that may arise from joining forces with a larger and more established organization. However, it is important for the board of directors to approach these negotiations with careful consideration and seek professional advice to ensure the best interests of the company and its stakeholders are protected throughout the process.

Overall, the decision to engage in negotiations with a potential acquirer represents a strategic move by LayerHay Ltd.'s board of directors to explore the possibility of a merger or acquisition and assess the potential benefits and risks associated with such a transaction.

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1. To create the network diagram, the following tasks are considered:Task Length Type Precedent (week) ActivityA. High level analysis 1 Sequential B. Selection of hardware platform 1 Sequential A Parallel 2 B C.

Installation and commissioning of hardware D. Detailed analysis of core modules 2 Sequential A 2 Sequential D E. Detailed analysis of supporting modules F. Programming of core modules 2 Sequential D G. Programming of supporting modules 3 Sequential E H. Quality assurance of core modules 1 Sequential F I. Quality assurance of supporting modules 1 Sequential G J. Core module training 1 Parallel C,H K. Development and QA of accounting reporting 1 Parallel E 1 Parallel E L. Development and QA of management reporting M. Development of Management Information System 1 Sequential L N. Detailed training 1 Sequential I, J, K, M Below is the AON network diagram with the activity number in the upper left corner, the description of the task, and the duration of the task.2.

The Network Paths of the project are as follows:1- A-C-D-F-H-J-K-M-N2- A-C-D-F-H-J-K-L-M-N3- B-E-G-I-J-K-M-N4- B-E-G-I-J-K-L-M-N5- B-E-G-I-J-K-L-M-O-P-N6- B-E-G-I-J-K-M-O-P-N3. The critical path is Path 1 which has a duration of 13 weeks. 4. The Gantt chart is as shown below:5. The project will be completed on April 2, 2021.

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The equilibrium level of GDP in this economy is $5500.

To find the equilibrium level of GDP, we need to set aggregate demand equal to aggregate supply. In this case, aggregate demand (AD) is represented by C + I + G, where C is consumption, I is investment, and G is government spending. Aggregate supply (AS) is represented by Y, which is GDP. The equation C - 1500 + 0.75(Y - T) represents consumption, where T is taxes. The equation T = 2000 represents government taxes, and G - 700 represents government spending.

To find the equilibrium GDP, we set AD equal to AS:

C - 1500 + 0.75(Y - T) + G - 700 = Y

Substituting the given values:

C - 1500 + 0.75(Y - 2000) + 300 - 700 = Y

Simplifying the equation:

C - 2200 + 0.75Y - 1500 + 300 - 700 = Y

Combining like terms:

C - 4100 + 0.75Y = Y

Rearranging the equation:

0.25Y = C - 4100

Since we don't have the value of consumption (C), we can't find the exact equilibrium GDP.

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Exported Goods: Goods that are exported to another country are typically zero-rated for tax purposes. For example, if a company sells electronic devices to a foreign buyer and exports them,

the sale may be zero-rated for tax purposes.

Basic Food Items: In some jurisdictions, certain basic food items such as fruits, vegetables, bread, and milk are zero-rated. This is done to ensure that essential food items are more affordable for consumers.

Prescription Medicines: Prescription drugs or medicines prescribed by a licensed healthcare professional are often zero-rated to make healthcare more accessible and affordable.

Education and Training: Educational services provided by schools, colleges, or training institutions can be zero-rated. This includes tuition fees for primary, secondary, or higher education, as well as vocational training courses.

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Based on the calculations, a recommendation can be made regarding which machine Joey Plc should select. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the three investment techniques are discussed.

To calculate the payback period, the cumulative cash flows are determined until the point when the initial investment is recovered. The machine with the shorter payback period is generally considered more favorable as it recovers the investment faster.

The net present value is computed by discounting the future cash flows using a 14% discount rate and subtracting the initial investment. A positive NPV indicates profitability, while a negative NPV suggests a potential loss.

The internal rate of return is found by determining the discount rate that makes the NPV zero. Interpolation is used to estimate this rate.

After performing these calculations for both machines, a comparison is made to determine the more favorable option based on the payback period, NPV, and IRR.

In the discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the three investment techniques, the strengths and limitations of each method are evaluated. This includes considering factors such as simplicity, time value of money, risk assessment, and decision-making criteria.

By considering the results of the calculations and weighing the advantages and disadvantages, a recommendation can be made regarding which machine Joey Plc should select for investment.

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What's the difference between primary and secondary market research? What can you typically learn from each of these?

Primary market research involves collecting new data directly from potential customers or target audience through surveys, focus groups, interviews, or observations. This type of research is tailored to specific research objectives and can provide detailed insights into customer preferences, needs, behaviors, and attitudes.

Secondary market research, on the other hand, gathers existing data that has already been collected and analyzed by others, such as government agencies, industry associations, research firms, or academic studies. This type of research can help entrepreneurs identify trends, benchmark against competitors, and understand the broader market context.

What is a Minimal Viable Product? How does the entrepreneur use one or more?

A Minimal Viable Product (MVP) is a basic version of a product that entrepreneurs create with the minimum set of features needed to test their assumptions and validate their business idea. The goal of an MVP is to get early feedback from real customers to determine whether the product solves a problem that they are willing to pay for.

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To find the 2018 financial statements for Nike and Under Armour, visit each company's website, navigate to the "investors" or "investor relations" section, and look for the "2018 annual report."

To access the 2018 financial statements for Nike, visit Nike's official website and look for the "Investors" or "Investor Relations" section. Once there, search for the "2018 Annual Report" or a similar document that contains the financial statements for that year. The annual report typically includes the financial statements such as the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, along with additional information on the company's performance, operations, and strategies.

For Under Armour, follow a similar process by visiting the company's official website and navigating to the "Investors" or "Investor Relations" section. Look for the "2018 Annual Report" or a similar document that provides access to the financial statements for that year. The annual report should include comprehensive financial information, including the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, as well as relevant notes and management discussions.

It's important to note that the structure and accessibility of the financial statements may vary between companies. Some companies may provide downloadable PDFs of the full annual report, while others may have the financial statements embedded within the report or available in separate sections on their website. By carefully exploring the investor relations section of each company's website, you should be able to locate and access the 2018 financial statements for Nike and Under Armour.

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The coronavirus pandemic has affected the supply chain of many companies in various industries. One such company that has faced supply chain interruption due to Covid-19 is Apple Inc.

The company's supply chain has been impacted by the closure of its factories in China, which is a major supplier of components for Apple products. As a result of the disruption, Apple had to delay the launch of its iPhone 12.

Market: The impact of the supply chain issue has been felt within the market as Apple's competitors have taken advantage of the delay in the launch of the iPhone 12. Samsung, Apple's main competitor, released its flagship Galaxy S20 in March 2020, a few months before the iPhone 12 was launched. This gave Samsung a head start in the market as it was able to attract customers who would have otherwise purchased the iPhone 12.

Shortages: The supply chain disruption has resulted in shortages of components used in the production of Apple products, particularly the iPhone 12. The company has had to reduce its production targets as it has been unable to obtain the necessary components in sufficient quantities. This has resulted in a shortage of iPhone 12 units, which has affected the company's sales and revenue.

Why: The supply chain issue has caused a larger impact within the industry because of the interdependence of companies in the industry. Apple is a major customer of many suppliers, and any disruption in its production affects the suppliers' revenue and production targets. In addition, the delay in the launch of the iPhone 12 has affected Apple's partners, such as mobile network operators, who rely on new iPhone launches to attract customers.

In conclusion, the supply chain interruption faced by Apple due to Covid-19 has had a significant impact on the company and the industry. The disruption has resulted in shortages of components, reduced production targets, delayed launch of the iPhone 12, and loss of revenue. The impact of the disruption has been felt not only by Apple but also by its partners and competitors within the industry.

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The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be used to establish the four choreographers' relative weightings in terms of "originality."

We may determine the priority vector for each choreographer using AHP. The priority vectors for choreographers A, B, C, and D are respectively [0.198, 0.142, 0.547, 0.113], [0.369, 0.256, 0.309, 0.066], [0.063, 0.026, 0.870, 0.041], and [0.047, 0.015, 0.003, 0.935].

As a result, we can say that choreographer C, followed by choreographer B, choreographer A, and choreographer D, has the highest emphasis for uniqueness.

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When the replacement cost of installed capital is lower than the market value, firms do not need to buy more capital. This means that option (c), "firms do not need to buy more capital," is the correct answer.

When the replacement cost of installed capital is lower than the market value, it implies that it is more cost-effective for firms to maintain and utilize their existing capital rather than purchasing new capital. In this scenario, firms can continue to operate efficiently without the need to invest in additional capital. Therefore, option (c), "firms do not need to buy more capital," is the appropriate choice. The lower replacement cost suggests that the firm can allocate its resources elsewhere, such as in research and development, expansion into new markets, or improving existing processes, rather than acquiring additional capital.

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Answer:

These are the two techniques generally used in the time series econometrics. VEC is Vector Error Correction method and VAR is Vector Auto regression method. When two variables are cointegrated, then they must be presented by Error Correction mechanism. This tool proves the stability of the long run relationship.

Explanation:

VAR (Vector Autoregression) models capture short-term interactions among variables, while VEC (Vector Error Correction) models incorporate long-term equilibrium relationships.

VAR (Vector Autoregression) is an econometric model used to analyze the dynamic relationships among multiple time series variables. It is a widely used technique for understanding the interdependencies and forecasting future values of economic variables. In a VAR model, each variable in the system is regressed on its own lagged values and lagged values of other variables. This allows for capturing the short-term dynamics and feedback effects among the variables. VAR models are flexible and can handle both stationary and non-stationary variables. They provide valuable insights into the contemporaneous and lagged relationships among the variables, aiding in understanding complex economic systems and informing policy decisions.

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Walmart is a multinational retailer known for its wide range of products and competitive pricing. The 6 P's of Walmart's retailing mix include product, price, place, promotion, people, and physical evidence.

Walmart is a retail giant that operates a chain of discount department stores and grocery stores worldwide. To understand its retailing mix, we can examine the 6 P's:

   Product: Walmart offers an extensive range of products, including groceries, electronics, home goods, apparel, and more. It focuses on providing customers with a wide selection of items to meet their diverse needs.

   Price: Walmart is known for its competitive pricing strategy. It aims to offer low prices by leveraging its strong bargaining power with suppliers, optimizing operational efficiency, and economies of scale.

   Place: With thousands of stores globally, Walmart ensures its stores are conveniently located in both urban and rural areas. The retailer strategically chooses store locations to reach a broad customer base.

   Promotion: Walmart employs various promotion strategies to attract customers. This includes advertising campaigns through different media channels, such as TV, radio, and online platforms. In-store promotions, discounts, and special offers are also common to incentivize purchases.

   People: The "people" element refers to the employees who play a crucial role in Walmart's success. The retailer emphasizes customer service by training and empowering its staff to assist customers effectively.

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