Given the demand for ice cream, Qp = -P + 15, and the supply of ice cream, Qs = P - 5, with an external cost of 2 per unit due to pollutants generated in the ice cream plant, we can plot the social supply curve.
The social supply curve takes into account the external cost associated with the production of ice cream. In this case, the external cost is 2 per unit due to pollutants generated in the ice cream plant. To plot the social supply curve, we need to adjust the supply curve by including the external cost.
The social supply curve represents the true cost of producing ice cream, including both the private cost and the external cost. In this scenario, the private cost is represented by the original supply curve, Qs = P - 5. To incorporate the external cost, we add the external cost of 2 per unit to the private cost. Therefore, the social supply curve would be Qs + 2 = P - 5 + 2, which simplifies to Qs + 2 = P - 3.
By plotting the social supply curve, we can visually represent the true cost of producing ice cream, accounting for the external cost associated with pollutants. The social supply curve will be parallel to the original supply curve but shifted upward by 2 units.
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Part 4 of 4 10 points 2 02:54:21 ellook Priet References Required information Problem 2-3A (Algo) Computing and recording job costs; preparing income statement and balance sheet LO P1, P2, P3, P4 [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Bergo Bay's accounting system generated the following account balances on December 31. The company's manager knows something is wrong with this list of balances because it does not show any balance for Work in Process Inventory. and the accrued factory payroll (Factory Wages Payable) has not been recorded. Debit Credit Cash $ 71,000 Accounts receivable 40,000 25,000 Rav materials inventory Work in process inventory Finished goods inventory 0 6,000 2,000 Prepaid rent Accounts payable $10,300 13,300 Notes payable Common stock 20,000 Retained earnings (prior year) 78,000 Sales 192,400 Cost of goods sold 108,000 Factory overhead 24,000 General and administrative expenses 38,000 Totals $ 314,000 $ 314,000 These six documents must be processed to bring the accounting records up to date. Materials requisition 10: Materials requisition 11: Materials requisition 12: Labor time ticket 52: $ 4,300 direct materials to Job 402 $ 7,900 direct materials to Job 404 $1,500 indirect materials $4,000 direct labor to Job 402 Labor tine ticket 53: $ 16,000 direct labor to Job 404 $5,000 indirect labor Labor time ticket 54: Jobs 402 and 404 are the only jobs in process at year-end. The predetermined overhead rate is 150% of direct labor cost. Print References Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Income Statement Balance Sheet Prepare an income statement. BERGO BAY COMPANY Income Statement For Year Ended December 31 Income Statement Balance Sheet > Required information the current year. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs belo- Income Statement Balance Sheet Prepare a balance sheet as of December 31. BERGO BAY COMPANY Balance Sheet As at December 31 Assets Inventories Total assets Liabilities Total liabilities Equity Total equity Total liabilities and equity
Net Income 101,700 Total Equity 199,700 Total Liabilities and Equity 165,700
Income Statement of Bergo Bay Company Income Statement Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) of Bergo Bay Company is determined as follows: Particulars Amount ($)Sales192,400Less: Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)Beginning Inventory (Work in Progress) 0Add: Direct Material Purchases4,3007,90012,200 Direct Material Consumed=Direct Material Purchases-Ending Inventory (Raw Materials) -0-12,200=0. Direct Labor Costs16,0005,00021,000 Factory Overheads (150%*Direct Labor Costs)31,500Total Cost of Work in Progress (Job 402+ Job 404)52,700COGS=Total Cost of Work in Progress + Beginning Inventory (Finished Goods)-0-52,700=52,700 Gross Margin=Sales-COGS192,400-52,700=139,700 Operating Expenses: Administrative Expenses38,000. Net Income= Gross Margin - Operating Expenses101,700. Income Statement of Bergo Bay Company is as follows: BERGO BAY COMPANY Income Statement For Year Ended December 31ParticularsAmount ($)Amount ($) Sales 192,400 Less: Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) 52,700 Gross Margin139,700Operating Expenses: Administrative Expenses38,000. Net Income101,700 Balance Sheet of Bergo Bay Company Balance Sheet. Assets of Bergo Bay Company is determined as follows: Particulars Amount ($)Current Assets:Cash71,000 Accounts receivable 40,000 Raw materials inventory Work in process inventory 52,700. Finished goods inventory 2,000 Prepaid rent0 Total Current Assets 165, 700 Total Assets 165,700 Liabilities and Equity of Bergo Bay Company is determined as follows: Particulars Amount ($) Current Liabilities: Accounts payable 10,300 Factory wages payable 21,000 Notes payable 13,300 Total Current Liabilities 44,600 Common stock 20,000 Retained earnings (prior year)78,000 Net Income101,700Total Equity199,700 Total Liabilities and Equity165,700Balance Sheet of Bergo Bay Company is as follows: BERGO BAY COMPANY Balance Sheet As at December 31 Particulars Amount ($)Amount ($)Assets Current Assets:Cash71,000Accounts receivable40,000Raw materials inventory Work in process inventory52,700Finished goods inventory2,000Prepaid rent0Total Current Assets165,700 Total Assets165,700Liabilities and Equity Current Liabilities: Accounts payable10, 300 Factory wages payable21,000Notes payable13,300 Total Current Liabilities 44,600 Equity Common stock 20,000 Retained earnings (prior year)78,000. Net Income101,700 Total Equity 199,700 Total Liabilities and Equity 165,700.
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Discounting a bond dealer in a bank, the principal value of which is due at the end of 6 months at an average interest of 10% annually, and it was found that the difference between the trade discount and the correct discount is 25 riyals. If you know that the interest rate the discount rate, calculate the following: I) The principal value of the bond. II) Trade discount and trade present value. Correct discount and correct present value. III)
The principal value of the bond is calculated to be 500 riyals, with a trade discount of 12.5 riyals and a correct discount of 25 riyals.
To calculate the principal value of the bond, we need to find the correct discount rate. The difference between the trade discount and the correct discount is given as 25 riyals. Since the correct discount is twice the trade discount, the trade discount can be calculated as 25 riyals divided by 2, which equals 12.5 riyals.
The trade discount is the difference between the face value (principal) and the present value of the bond. The correct discount is the difference between the face value and the correct present value. Since the trade discount is half the correct discount, the correct discount can be calculated as twice the trade discount, which equals 25 riyals.
Finally, to find the principal value of the bond, we subtract the trade discount from the face value: Principal value = Face value - Trade discount = Face value - 12.5 riyals. Since the difference between the trade discount and the correct discount is given as 25 riyals, the principal value can be calculated by subtracting the correct discount from the face value: Principal value = Face value - Correct discount = Face value - 25 riyals.
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Economists represent a good/service which has a fixed
size/amount with a vertical (linear) supply curve—no matter how the
market price may change, the amount of the good does not. A common
example i
A common example of a good or service with a fixed size or amount and a vertical (linear) supply curve is land.
Land is a natural resource that has a fixed quantity and cannot be increased or decreased in the short run. Regardless of changes in market price, the amount of land available for use remains constant.
The supply of land is considered perfectly inelastic because its quantity cannot be adjusted in response to price changes. Even if the price of land increases or decreases, the amount of land available remains the same. This is because land is a fixed factor of production and its supply is determined by natural factors such as geographical boundaries and limited availability.
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In order for anything to function as money it must meet three
basic requirements. List them and briefly describe each one.
To function as money, anything must meet the following three basic requirements - Medium of exchange , store of value and unit of account.
1. Medium of exchange: Money must serve as a medium of exchange for it to function as money. In simpler terms, this implies that money is used to purchase or sell goods and services, with the value of goods or services being measured in terms of money. When money acts as a medium of exchange, it removes the need for the barter system, which was used in ancient times.
2. Store of value: This refers to the ability of money to retain its worth over time. In other words, money must be used to store value over time. When an individual saves money, they expect that it will retain its value in the future and that they will be able to purchase products or services that they want. Money that is stored in bank accounts or financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, or certificates of deposit are examples of store of value.
3. Unit of account: In order to function as money, it must serve as a unit of account or measure of value. This entails the use of money as a way of measuring the worth of goods and services, as well as other financial transactions. In order for transactions to be processed, each party must agree on the money value of the goods or services being exchanged. The unit of account in the United States is the dollar.
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Assume a company incurs $194,000 of customer service salaries. The employees in the Customer Service Department spend their time performing four activities as follows: 40% of their time is spent in "Problem Resolution," 25% of their time is spent in "New Account Setup," 20% of their time is spent in "Payment Processing." and 15% is spent in "Other activities. In the company's activity-based costing system, how much of the customer service salaries would be allocated to the "New Account Setup" activity? Multiple Choice $126,100 $38.800 $48,500 $77,600
The accurate answer is: $38,800.
25% of $194,000 is allocated to the "New Account Setup" activity.
Therefore, the amount allocated to "New Account Setup" is $38,800.
How much of the customer service salaries would be allocated to the "New Account Setup" activity?To determine the amount allocated to the "New Account Setup" activity, we need to calculate 25% of the total customer service salaries.
Given that the company incurs $194,000 of customer service salaries, multiplying it by 25% gives us $48,500.
Therefore, $48,500 would be allocated to the "New Account Setup" activity.
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Many employees of an international bank feel that their salary raises and bonus they receive are not fair. They insist that some colleagues get more salary raises and bonus without any valid reason. Furthermore, their company never disclose any guideline and procedures for their decision making in bonus allocation and salary raises. Furthermore, many employees complain that the jobs assigned to them are too challenging. Finally, there is a rising number of employees who become disengaged. On the other hand, the CEO of this bank also discovers that the employees’ engagement level continues to decline. The CEO asks the HR director, John, to implement certain practices to empower employees for higher engagement. After careful consideration about the current organization atmosphere, John advises the CEO that there are certain engagement risks in the current situation. It is better not to ask for more engagement from employees at this moment.
Answer the following questions base on the case
(a) Identify and explain TWO types of fairness which are related to the employees’ dissatisfaction. Provide examples from the case content to support your answers.
(b) What are the risks associated with employee engagement in this international bank in which the CEO should be aware of? (250words)
(c) What are the kinds of employees disengagement that exist in the above case? (150words)
The two types of fairness which are related to the employees' dissatisfaction are distributive fairness and procedural fairness.
Distributive fairness refers to the employees' belief that the rewards or outcomes they receive are just. According to distributive fairness, people are motivated to put in more effort when they feel that they are being compensated fairly. Employees are dissatisfied with their salary raises and bonuses because they believe that some colleagues receive more salary raises and bonuses than they do without any valid reason. They believe that their company is not following distributive fairness, and they feel that the bonuses and salary raises are not being allocated fairly.
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Nash Industries purchased the following assets and constructed a building as well. All this was done during the current year.
Assets 1 and 2: These assets were purchased as a lump sum for $280,000 cash. The following information was gathered.
Please explain every steps
Thank YOU
Description
Initial Cost on
Seller’s Books
Depreciation to
Date on Seller’s Books
Book Value on
Seller’s Books
Appraised Value
Machinery $280,000 $140,000 $140,000 $252,000 Equipment 168,000 28,000 140,000 84,000 Asset 3: This machine was acquired by making a $28,000 down payment and issuing a $84,000, 2-year, zero-interest-bearing note. The note is to be paid off in two $42,000 installments made at the end of the first and second years. It was estimated that the asset could have been purchased outright for $100,520.
Asset 4: This machinery was acquired by trading in used machinery. (The exchange lacks commercial substance.) Facts concerning the trade-in are as follows.
Cost of machinery traded $280,000
Accumulated depreciation to date of sale 112,000
Fair value of machinery traded 224,000
Cash received 28,000
Fair value of machinery acquired 196,000
Asset 5: Equipment was acquired by issuing 100 shares of $22 par value common stock. The stock had a market price of $31 per share.
Construction of Building: A building was constructed on land purchased last year at a cost of $420,000. Construction began on February 1 and was completed on November 1. The payments to the contractor were as follows.
Date
Payment
2/1 $336,000 6/1 1,008,000 9/1 1,344,000 11/1 280,000 To finance construction of the building, a $1,680,000, 12% construction loan was taken out on February 1. The loan was repaid on November 1. The firm had $560,000 of other outstanding debt during the year at a borrowing rate of 8%.
Record the acquisition of each of these assets. (Round intermediate calculations to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places e.g. 58,971. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Acquisition of Assets 1 and 2
Acquisition of Asset 3
Acquisition of Asset 4
Acquisition of Asset 5
(To record acquisition of Office Equipment)
Acquisition of Assets 1 and 2 Machinery $252,000 Equipment $84,000 Cash $280,000 Acquisition of Asset 3 Machinery $100,520 Notes Payable $84,000 Cash $28,000 Down Payment $28,000.
Acquisition of Assets 1 and 2: The total cost of Assets 1 and 2 was $280,000, which is debited to Machinery ($252,000) and Equipment ($84,000), respectively.Acquisition of Asset 4: Asset 4 was acquired by trading in used machinery. The fair value of the machinery acquired is debited for $196,000. Acquisition of Asset 3: Asset 3 was acquired by making a $28,000 down payment (credited to Cash) and issuing a zero-interest-bearing note payable for $84,000.
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Which of the following is NOT an important factor to consider when preparing a sales forecast? Multiple Choice Changes in the insurance policy against hurricanes and fires. Actions taken by competitor
While competitor actions may not be a core component of sales forecasting, they remain relevant for overall business strategy.
The actions taken by competitors are NOT an important factor to consider when preparing a sales forecast.
While it is crucial to consider various factors when preparing a sales forecast, such as market trends, customer behavior, economic conditions, and changes in internal factors, the actions taken by competitors are not directly related to the organization's sales projections. Competitors' actions can certainly impact market dynamics and influence sales indirectly, but they are not a direct component of the sales forecast calculation.
However, it's worth noting that monitoring competitor activities is still valuable for gaining market insights and adjusting sales strategies accordingly. Keeping an eye on their pricing, product launches, marketing campaigns, and other initiatives can help businesses make informed decisions and respond effectively to changes in the competitive landscape. Therefore, while competitor actions may not be a core component of sales forecasting, they remain relevant for overall business strategy.
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Suppose that Brazil and Mexico both produce bananas, Brazil uses the real as their currency whereas Mexico uses the peso. The exchange rate between these two countries is 0.5 reals per peso [E reals/pesos = 0.5]. We also know that the peso dollar exchange rate is 10 pesos per dollar [E pesos/$ = 10]. In Mexico, bananas sell for 10 pesos per kilo of bananas. Suppose bananas sell for 10 pesos per kilo in Mexico. If LOOP holds, what is the price of bananas in Brazil? What is the price in the United States? Suppose the price of bananas in Brazil is 5.5 reals per kilo. At the same time, the price of bananas in the United States is $1.00 per kilo. Based on this information, where does LOOP hold? How will banana traders respond to the previous situation? In which markets will traders buy bananas? Where will they sell them? What will happen to the prices of bananas in Mexico, Brazil, and the United States? You can assume that the buying and selling will not affect the exchange rates, just the prices in the domestic markets.
LOOP (law of one price) is a financial theory that suggests that, in an efficient market, similar goods should have the same price. The theory assumes that exchange rates correctly reflect relative values between countries, that transportation costs do not restrict the international trade of goods, and that buyers can access and trade at the same prices in different markets.
As a result, LOOP applies to both domestic and international markets. In this context, if bananas sell for 10 pesos per kilo in Mexico, then 1 kilo of bananas should be equal to the cost of exchanging 10 pesos into reals (0.5 reals/pesos), which would be 5 reals per kilo (10 pesos/kilo * 0.5 reals/peso = 5 reals/kilo) in Brazil.
Similarly, if 1 kilo of bananas in the United States sells for $1, then the cost of exchanging 1 dollar into pesos (10 pesos/dollar) should also be equal to 10 pesos/kilo of bananas. Thus, 1 kilo of bananas in the United States should be worth 10 pesos, which is equivalent to 1 dollar, assuming LOOP holds.
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Need Help? Read It Master [-/2.56 Points] DETAILS LARPCALCLIMS 1.8.523 Find fog, gof, and go g. f(x)=x², g(x)=x-8 (a) fog (b) gof (c) gog 2.56 Points] DETAILS PREVIOUS ANSWER Find the zeros of the fu
A function is composed in mathematics when two functions, f and g, are used to create a new function, h, such that h(x) = g(f(x)).
Gof Gof(n) => g+(n) = g(f(x)) = x2 с
дo д 2 substituting x2 for ing(n)
• gogn gn gn
Using (2-8) in place of an in glm, 2-16 g (g(n)) = (x-8)=8.
The function of g is being applied to the function of x, in this case. Therefore, a function is essentially applied to the output of another function.
Generally speaking, a composite function is one that is embedded within another function. By inserting one function inside another, a function can be composed. For instance, the composite function of f (x) and g (x), f [g (x)], is a good illustration. "f of g of x" is how to read the composite function f [g (x)].
The function f with g is written as (fg)(x)=f(g(x)), and is understood as f of g of x. It implies that the function g(x) is used in place of every instance of an x in the function f. The set of all x in g's domain such that g(x) is in f's domain is known as the domain of fg.
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Suppose you have a choice between studying one more hour for your history exam or studying one more hour for your psychology exam. Your decision on what to study should be based on:
a) the additional benefits of studying for each class.
b) which class you like the most.
c) how much time you have already studied for each class.
d) your current average scores in each class.
The option (a) is the correct answer. Your decision on what to study should be based on the additional benefits of studying for each class.
If a student has to choose between studying one more hour for the history exam or studying one more hour for the psychology exam, his decision on what to study should be based on the additional benefits of studying for each class. Each class has its value, and the student should prioritize studying for the class that offers more benefits and relevance in their future career or studies.
For example, if the student intends to pursue a career in psychology, he should prioritize studying for the psychology exam. Similarly, if the student's future career or studies require a deep understanding of history, then he should prioritize studying for the history exam.
The decision should not be based on which class the student likes the most or how much time they have already studied for each class or their current average scores in each class. These factors should be taken into account but should not be the basis for the decision.
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Question 1 - Globalisation (a) Critically discuss the impact of
globalisation on the individual state, society, and the
environment. [30 marks]
(b) Following from the discussion in the previous task,
Globalization refers to the process by which the world becomes more interconnected through technological advancement, international trade, and the creation of international institutions.
Globalization has had a significant impact on individual states, societies, and the environment. The essay discusses the impact of globalisation on the individual state, society, and the environment and provides a critical discussion on the same.(a) Impact of Globalisation on the individual stateGlobalisation has affected individual states in several ways. Some of the positive impacts of globalisation on individual states include improved economic performance and increased trade. This is because globalisation enables countries to specialize in certain goods or services, which increases the efficiency of production and leads to economies of scale. In addition, globalisation has led to increased foreign investment, which has helped some countries to achieve higher levels of economic growth.On the other hand, globalisation has had some negative impacts on individual states. For instance, globalisation has led to increased competition between countries, which can lead to the displacement of workers in some industries. Additionally, globalization has led to increased inequality in some countries. This has helped to reduce the negative impact of economic activity on the environment. On the other hand, globalisation has had some negative impacts on the environment. For instance, globalisation has led to increased consumption and the production of goods and services, which has led to increased greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of pollution. While globalization has brought about many benefits, it has also had some negative impacts that need to be addressed to ensure a sustainable and equitable future for all.
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C) Multiple Choices (15 points) Fill-in your answers in the table on the first page. 1. Hall Co. incurred research and development costs during 2020 as follows: Materials consumed in R&D projects. $45
Hall Co. spent $395,00 on research and development in total.
The Hall Co. incurred research and development costs during 2020 as follows:
Materials consumed in R&D projects. $45,000
Salaries and wages of laboratory personnel. $150,000
Costs of acquiring patents from others. $90,000
Costs of searching for patents. $35,000
Costs of developing a secret formula. $75,000
The total research and development cost incurred by Hall Co. is $395,000.
In the given scenario, Hall Co. has incurred the following research and development costs:
Materials consumed in R&D projects. $45,000
Salaries and wages of laboratory personnel. $150,000
Costs of acquiring patents from others. $90,000
Costs of searching for patents. $35,000
Costs of developing a secret formula. $75,000
To calculate the total research and development cost incurred by Hall Co., we need to sum up all of the expenses that have been mentioned in the problem. Therefore, the total research and development cost incurred by Hall Co. is $395,000.
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As demonstrated in class, for the purposes of estimating capacity requirements, to calculate labor requirements, one does not need to know
a) Number of workers required to staff each machine (piece of equipment)
b) Hourly wage per employee
c) Capacity of each machine or piece of equipment (in units) per unit time
d) Number of machines (pieces of equipment available
e) Product line forecast ün units) per time period
As demonstrated in class, for the purposes of estimating capacity requirements, to calculate labor requirements, one does not need to know the capacity of each machine or piece of equipment (in units) per unit time.
What is capacity?
Capacity refers to the maximum output rate that a machine or plant can achieve under ideal conditions. Production capacity can be expressed in units of time such as an hour, a day, or a week, and may also be expressed in terms of a total number of units produced within that period.
To calculate labor requirements and estimate capacity requirements, you must know the following: Number of workers required to staff each machine (piece of equipment) Hourly wage per employee Number of machines (pieces of equipment available Product line forecast in units per time period
Therefore, the answer is option C) Capacity of each machine or piece of equipment (in units) per unit time.
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Bob's Burgers needs a business loan. The bank is offering a 15-year loan at 5.65% APR. If Bob can afford to pay $15,000 per month, what is the largest loan he can get? a. $1,794,742.66 b. $1,818,038.63 C. $1,765,467.14 d. $2,623.851.19 Correct answer is B
The largest loan Bob can get is approximately $1,818,038.63, which corresponds to option b. To find the largest loan Bob can get, we will use the loan payment formula:
Loan Payment = (P * r * (1 + r)^n) / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
where P is the loan amount, r is the monthly interest rate, and n is the number of monthly payments. Solve for P.
Convert the APR to a monthly interest rate: r = (5.65% / 100) / 12 = 0.0565 / 12 = 0.004708333
Calculate the number of monthly payments: n = 15 years * 12 months/year = 180 payments
Substitute the values in the formula: $15,000 = (P * 0.004708333 * (1 + 0.004708333)^180) / ((1 + 0.004708333)^180 - 1)
Solve for P: P ≈ $1,818,038.63
So, the largest loan Bob can get is approximately $1,818,038.63, which corresponds to option b.
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ABC Company reported the following data pf product X. the variable cost equals 30% of the selling price and the fixed costs is 210,000$ if the Company aims to earn a profit equals to 70,000, how much should be the sales of ABC Company after the break even point to achieve this goal? O a. 400,000 b. 100,000 O c. 300,000 O d. 600,000 Oe. None of the answers is correct. Clear my choice
To achieve a profit of 70,000$, the sales of ABC Company after the break-even point should be 400,000$.
Calculation steps:
Given, Variable Cost = 30% of Selling Price
Fixed Cost (FC) = 210,000$
Profit = 70,000$
Sales required to get to the Break-Even point (BEP)
BEP = FC / (Selling Price - Variable Cost)210,000 / (1 - 0.3) = 210,000 / 0.7 = 300,000 $
Total Sales to achieve a profit of 70,000$To achieve a profit of 70,000$,
sales should be equal to
(Fixed Cost + Profit) / (1 - Variable Cost / Selling Price)(210,000 + 70,000) / (1 - 0.3) = 280,000 / 0.7 = 400,000 $
Therefore, the correct answer is option A, i.e., 400,000$.
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Using a decomposition model, we find the following relationship for trend and quarterly seasonality factors: TR= 1.5+ 2.2 t SN Q1 0.7 SN Q2 1.2 SN Q3 1.6 SN Q4 0.5 What is the forecasted demand for the "2nd" quarter of the fifth year? Hint: 1. t is the sequential period numbers. Find what is the value of t for the second quarter of the fifth year (if in doubt, you enumerate the quarters starting from the first year).
The value of t for the second quarter of the fifth year is TR = 1.5 + 37.4 + 0.7SN Q1 + 1.2SN Q2 + 1.6SN Q3 + 0.5SN Q4.
The forecasted demand for the second quarter of the fifth year can be determined using the given decomposition model. The model consists of a trend factor (TR) and quarterly seasonality factors (SN) for each quarter of the year.
The relationship is represented as TR = 1.5 + 2.2t + 0.7SN Q1 + 1.2SN Q2 + 1.6SN Q3 + 0.5SN Q4, where t represents the sequential period numbers.
To find the forecasted demand for the second quarter of the fifth year, we need to determine the value of t for that specific quarter. Since we are starting from the first year, the second quarter of the fifth year would correspond to the 17th quarter.
Plugging in t = 17 into the decomposition model, we can calculate the forecasted demand as follows:
TR = 1.5 + 2.2(17) + 0.7SN Q1 + 1.2SN Q2 + 1.6SN Q3 + 0.5SN Q4
Simplifying the equation gives:
TR = 1.5 + 37.4 + 0.7SN Q1 + 1.2SN Q2 + 1.6SN Q3 + 0.5SN Q4
The final forecasted demand for the second quarter of the fifth year can be obtained by evaluating the above equation with the corresponding values of the quarterly seasonality factors.
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What strategic implementation issues associated with the proposed alternative should Shake Shack consider given the company’s internal position and the state of its external environment?
What are the main strategic issues/problems Shake Shack must address and formulate a strategic alternative that you consider viable for Shake Shack’s future along with recommendations.
What entry modes for international expansion does Shake Shack utilize and what is the company’s international strategy?
To address the strategic implementation issues associated with the proposed alternative, research and development, and any potential risks or uncertainties in the external environment.
Some key considerations include:
Operational Capacity: Shake Shack needs to assess its internal operational capabilities and capacity to support the proposed alternative. This includes evaluating its supply chain, staffing, and infrastructure to ensure they can handle increased demand or any changes required for the alternative strategy.
Financial Resources: Shake Shack should evaluate its financial resources to determine if it has the necessary funds to implement the proposed alternative. This includes considering the costs associated with expansion, marketing, research and development, and any potential risks or uncertainties in the external environment that may impact financial stability.
Market Analysis: Shake Shack should conduct a thorough analysis of the external environment to understand market trends, consumer preferences, and competitive dynamics.
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2 Investment and Capital Stock (15 points) When disucssing the business cycles, and introducing the IS curve, we stated that investment demand is the most volatile part of expenditure. In this exercise, you are going to work through an example that helps explaining why investment might be so volatile, and sheds some light on how the IS curve is based on the actual optimizing decisions made by firms.
Consider a simple model of a representative firm, similiar to the one we discussed in Chapter 4. The firm currently has a stock of capital K and has to decide about its stock of capital in the next period (say, year - let’s call it period 2), K0 . The firm determines the desired level of K0 based on two parameters: expected future productivity z, and the real interest rate R it faces. Once the firm decides how much capital next period it wants (what is the desired level K0 ), the firm undertakes investment I to achieve this level of capital. K0 is determined through a standard law of motion for capital, like the one we used in the Solow model:
K0 = (1 − δ)K + I where δ is the depreciation rate.
Next period, the firm uses the capital stock K0 it achieved to produce output Y using a Cobb-Douglas production function: Y = z(K0 ) α - we assume that the labor input N is constant over time, so we don’t have to worry about it. From Chapter 4, we know that the marginal product of capital (MPK) for this production function is given by: MPK = αz(K0 ) α−1 . It can be shown that the the optimal amount of capital is given by the standard condition: MPK = R .
a. Use the optimality condition (MPK = R) to derive the optimal level of future capital K0 for this firm as a function of parameters and prices (K, α, z, R, and δ). This should take the form of an equation where you have K0 on the left-hand side, and all the parameters on the right-hand side. Does the optimal amount of capital in period 2 (K0 ), depend on the initial value of capital (K)?
The optimal level of future capital (K0) for the firm can be derived using the optimality condition (MPK = R) and the given parameters. The equation for K0 is [R / (αz)] ^ (1 / (α-1)). Additionally, the optimal amount of capital in period 2 (K0) does not depend on the initial value of capital (K).
What is the optimal level of future capital (K0) for the firm in the given model?
The optimal level of future capital (K0) for the firm can be derived using the optimality condition MPK = R, where MPK represents the marginal product of capital and R represents the real interest rate.
From the given production function Y = z(K0)α, we can calculate the MPK as αz(K0)α-1. Setting MPK equal to R, we have αz(K0)α-1 = R. Rearranging this equation, we can solve for K0:
K0 = [R / (αz)] ^ (1 / (α-1))
The optimal amount of capital in period 2 (K0) depends on the parameters α, z, and R, but it does not depend on the initial value of capital (K).
The decision for the firm regarding the desired level of capital in the next period is based on expected future productivity (z) and the real interest rate (R), rather than the current level of capital.
The firm's optimization is focused on maximizing its output given the expected productivity and interest rate, rather than considering the initial capital stock.
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"Bob, a representative at Company XYZ, headquartered in the USA has been tasked with helping XYZ expand abroad to capitalize on the emerging economies. However, bribery, kickbacks and corruption are commonplace. Bob has been told numerous times that to be successful he should expect to pay such necessary fees. "When in Rome do as the Romans" has been echoed to him."
What would you do if you were Bob?
Outline the issues at hand.
As Bob, is faced with the task of expanding his company abroad where bribery and corruption are prevalent, an ethical dilemma arises.
The main issues at hand include the conflict between adhering to ethical standards and cultural norms, the potential legal consequences, and the long-term reputation and sustainability of Company XYZ.
Bob finds himself in a challenging situation where he must navigate between adhering to his company's ethical standards and the cultural norms of the foreign country. On one hand, succumbing to bribery and corruption goes against the principles of fairness, integrity, and transparency that his company upholds. Engaging in such practices may also violate international anti-corruption laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) or the UK Bribery Act.
On the other hand, disregarding cultural expectations and refusing to pay bribes might hinder the company's success in the foreign market. It could lead to difficulties in obtaining necessary permits, licenses, or business partnerships. However, participating in bribery can damage the reputation of Company XYZ, hinder its long-term sustainability, and potentially result in legal consequences.
To address this ethical dilemma, Bob should prioritize adhering to his company's ethical standards and complying with applicable laws. He should consider alternative strategies such as building relationships based on trust and transparency, seeking local legal advice, and exploring ethical business practices that can help Company XYZ succeed in the foreign market without resorting to bribery. It is crucial for Bob to communicate with his superiors and colleagues, discussing the potential risks and exploring ethical approaches that align with the company's values and goals.
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How many companies are ISO 9000 certified globally and in the U.S.? What are QS 9000, TS 16949, AS 9000, TL 9000, and TE 9000?
As of the latest data available, there is no accurate information on the total number of companies that have been ISO 9000 certified globally and in the United States. The number is continuously changing as companies are either getting or losing their certification.
ISO 9000 certification is an international standard that sets out the requirements for a quality management system. The purpose of this certification is to help companies ensure that their products and services meet the needs of their customers and stakeholders while also complying with legal and regulatory requirements. It applies to all types of organizations, from manufacturing to service industries.
It involves a comprehensive assessment of an organization's quality management system to ensure that it meets the requirements of ISO 9000. QS 9000 is a quality management system (QMS) that was developed by a group of automobile manufacturers in North America to ensure that their suppliers met their quality requirements. QS 9000 was originally based on ISO 9000 but included additional requirements specific to the automotive industry. It has now been superseded by IATF 16949:2016, which is a global quality management standard that combines the requirements of ISO 9000 with those of the automotive industry. TS 16949 is the automotive quality management system (QMS) standard developed by the International Automotive Task Force (IATF) to ensure the quality of products and services provided by automotive suppliers. It is based on ISO 9001 but includes additional requirements specific to the automotive industry. AS 9000 is a quality management system (QMS) that was developed by the aerospace industry to ensure that their suppliers met their quality requirements. It is based on ISO 9001 but includes additional requirements specific to the aerospace industry. TL 9000 is a quality management system (QMS) that was developed by the telecommunications industry to ensure that their suppliers met their quality requirements. It is based on ISO 9001 but includes additional requirements specific to the telecommunications industry. TE 9000 is a quality management system (QMS) that was developed by the defense industry to ensure that their suppliers met their quality requirements. It is based on ISO 9001 but includes additional requirements specific to the defense industry.
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"1. Total cost functions
a. Cannot be in log log form
b. Can be in log linear log form
c. Cannot be in nonlinear log form
d. Can be in natural log form
3. The R squared value measures
a. the coefficient
b. The ratio between the coefficient and standard error
c. The ratio between the standard error and
d. How close the data points around the fitted line
4. In statistics, data points
a. Do not mean a sampling size
b. Mean total number of parameter estimates
c. Mean total number of cases in a study
d. Mean total number of variables
5. Studying economics of nonprofit information institutions is the same as studying for-profit organizations except for
a. Improving organizations’ customer market shares
b. Improving organizational lucrativeness
c. Improving organizational efficiency"
Total cost functions: d. Can be in natural log form
Total cost functions can be represented in various forms, including log-linear or natural log form.
These forms allow for more flexibility in modeling the relationship between costs and other variables.
The R squared value measures: d. How close the data points are around the fitted line
The R-squared value, also known as the coefficient of determination, measures the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variables in a regression model. It indicates how well the fitted line represents the actual data points. A higher R-squared value indicates a better fit, meaning the data points are closer to the fitted line.
In statistics, data points: c. Mean total number of cases in a study
In statistics, data points refer to the individual observations or cases in a study. They represent the specific units or subjects from which data is collected and analyzed. Data points can refer to various aspects, such as measurements, responses, or characteristics of the cases under study.
Studying economics of nonprofit information institutions is the same as studying for-profit organizations except for:
c. Improving organizational efficiency
The study of economics for nonprofit information institutions is similar to studying for-profit organizations in many aspects. However, one distinguishing factor is that the objective of nonprofit institutions is not focused on improving organizational lucrativeness or customer market shares. Instead, nonprofit institutions often prioritize improving organizational efficiency to achieve their social or mission-oriented goals.
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Stephanie purchased 100 shares of Novell stock for $12 a share on September 10, 2019. On August 28, 2020, the price had fallen to $9. Concerned that the price might decline further, Stephanie sold all her shares that day. She later regretted this move, and on September 24, 2020, she repurchased the stock when it was $11 a share. What is Stephanie's 2020 capital gain or loss on these transactions? No gain or loss. $100 short-term loss. $300 short-term loss. O $300 long-term loss.
Stephanie incurred a $300 short-term loss on her 2020 capital gain transactions.
Stephanie initially purchased 100 shares of Novell stock for $12 per share on September 10, 2019. On August 28, 2020, she sold all her shares when the price dropped to $9 per share. The selling price per share was lower than her purchase price, resulting in a loss of $3 per share. Since Stephanie sold the shares within a year of purchasing them, this loss qualifies as a short-term loss.
However, Stephanie repurchased the stock on September 24, 2020, when the price was $11 per share. Since she sold and repurchased the shares within a short period, the repurchased shares are considered a "wash sale." According to tax regulations, losses from wash sales are disallowed for tax purposes.
Considering these transactions, Stephanie incurred a $300 short-term loss. This loss is calculated by multiplying the number of shares (100) by the difference in purchase and selling prices per share ($12 - $9 = $3), resulting in a loss of $300. As the loss occurred within a year, it is categorized as a short-term loss rather than a long-term loss.
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a) [3 marks]: Construct a slicing tree and matrix for the following layout given below: 3 3 8 1 5 6 4 4 7 2 b) [3 marks]: Construct an alternative slicing tree for the layout given in part (a)
Constructing a slicing tree Initially, the length and width of the matrix are multiplied together to determine the total number of cells. Since there are 3 rows and 3 columns, the total number of cells is 9 (3 x 3). After that, the values in the layout are arranged in ascending.
The next level of the tree is divided in half, with 3 and 4 being placed on the left-hand side and 6, 7, and 8 being placed on the right-hand side. The final level of the tree is made up of individual values. The following is the slicing tree for the layou The main answer is a slicing tree, which is a type of binary tree. It is used in computer science to represent sequential data that is sorted into different categories. Slicing trees are used in a variety of applications, including database indexing, web search algorithms, and computer graphics Since the layout has 9 cells, a 3 x 3 matrix is created. The following is the matrix for the layout:
The first row of the matrix contains the values 3, 3, and 8.The second row of the matrix contains the values 1, 5, and 6.The third row of the matrix contains the values 4, 4, and 7.The slicing tree has been created in the following order: 5, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 1, 4, 3. These values are placed in the matrix in ascending order. Constructing an alternative slicing tree :If we select 4 as the root node in the alternative slicing tree, we can obtain the following layout The main answer is an alternative slicing tree, which is another way to sort sequential data. An alternative slicing tree can be used to sort data in a different order than the original slicing tree. The alternative slicing tree is shown below.4 is chosen as the root node, with values less than 4 on the left-hand side of the tree and values greater than 4 on the right-hand side of the tree. The slicing tree has the following structure: 4, 3, 3, 1, 2, 7, 5, 6, 8. These values are then placed in the matrix in ascending order to create the following layout:
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In Module Four, we will discuss how employees conduct membership drives. Managers often get into trouble by harassing, intimidating, and harming employees that attempt to organize their workplaces. As future managers, what kinds of things are you willing to do to maintain a positive relationship with your employees through this process? So issues that will come into play are: -Salting (and peppering) -24 hour rule -Certification cards -NLRB ratification Let's discuss these concepts
By maintaining open communication, respecting employee rights, and providing a supportive environment, future managers can establish positive relationships with employees during membership drives.
As future managers, it is crucial to maintain a positive relationship with employees during membership drives. Here are the actions I am willing to take to foster a positive environment:
Respect and support employee rights: I will uphold the principles of fairness and respect for employee rights to freely associate and organize.
I will ensure that employees have the freedom to express their opinions and make informed decisions about union membership without fear of harassment, intimidation, or harm.
Open communication channels: I will establish open and transparent lines of communication with employees.
By actively listening to their concerns, addressing their needs, and providing a supportive environment, I can create a culture of trust and collaboration.
Provide information and education: I will ensure that employees have access to accurate and unbiased information about unions and the collective bargaining process.
By offering educational sessions or materials, employees can make informed choices based on their interests and needs.
Avoid retaliation: I will strictly adhere to the principle of non-retaliation. Employees should feel safe and secure to exercise their rights without facing negative consequences.
Any claims or issues raised during the membership drive will be treated with fairness and without prejudice.
Salting (and peppering): Salting refers to the practice of union organizers seeking employment within a company to aid in unionizing efforts. This strategy allows organizers to gain firsthand knowledge of workplace conditions and facilitate communication with employees.
Peppering is a similar tactic where organizers work multiple jobs within the same industry to expand their reach. As a manager, I will respect the right of employees to engage in salting or peppering activities, provided they comply with company policies and guidelines.
24-hour rule: The 24-hour rule is a guideline established by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) that allows employers to communicate with employees about their views on unionization during the 24 hours before a representation election.
It provides an opportunity for employers to express their opinions while ensuring a fair and balanced environment. I will adhere to this rule, using the designated time to provide information and address any concerns employees may have in a respectful and unbiased manner.
Certification cards: Certification cards are signed documents indicating an employee's desire to be represented by a specific union. These cards are often used to demonstrate employee support during the union organizing process.
As a manager, I will respect the rights of employees to sign certification cards freely and without interference. I will also ensure that employees have access to accurate information about the implications and processes related to signing such cards.
NLRB ratification: NLRB ratification refers to the process where the NLRB verifies the results of an employee vote on union representation. Once the majority of employees vote in favor of representation, the NLRB certifies the union as the employees' official representative.
As a manager, I will fully cooperate with the NLRB during the ratification process, providing any necessary information or documentation required to ensure a fair and accurate outcome.
By maintaining open communication, respecting employee rights, and providing a supportive environment, future managers can establish positive relationships with employees during membership drives.
Adhering to the principles of fairness, transparency, and non-retaliation will contribute to a healthy work environment and foster trust between management and employees.
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As shown in the appendix to chapter 4, the Cobb-Douglas form of utility function, U(X,Y) = a log(X) + (1-a) log(Y), yields demand functions X = (a/Px)I and Y = [(1-a)/Py]l. These demand functions have some unique properties. One is that the cross-price elasticities are zero, as pointed out in the appendix, because neither demand depends on the price of the other good. Another unique property is that the own-price elasticities are constant and do not depend on the particular values of the prices and income. Using calculus, the price (Enter your response as real Px ax = elasticity of demand for good X can be calculated as Ep Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for good X equals X OP X number rounded to one decimal place.) The income elasticity of demand also does not depend on the values of prices and income. The income elasticity of demand for good X can be calculated as I ax (Enter your response as a real number rounded to one decimal place.) E₁ = The income elasticity of demand for good X is therefore X di One other unusual property of these demand functions is that the consumer spends a fixed proportion of income on each good regardless of the values of the prices and income. The fraction of income spent on good X is a 1/Px 1/2
To calculate the price elasticity of demand for good X using the Cobb-Douglas utility function, we need to differentiate the demand function for X with respect to its own price (Px).
These demand functions have some unique properties. One is that the cross-price elasticities are zero, as pointed out in the appendix, because neither demand depends on the price of the other good. Another unique property is that the own-price elasticities are constant and do not depend on the particular values of the prices and income. Using calculus, the price (Enter your response as real Px ax = elasticity of demand for good X can be calculated as Ep Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for good X equals X OP X number rounded to one decimal place.) The income elasticity of demand also does not depend on the values of prices and income. The income elasticity of demand for good X can be calculated as I ax (Enter your response as a real number rounded to one decimal place.) E₁ = The income elasticity of demand for good X is therefore X di One other unusual property of these demand functions is that the consumer spends a fixed proportion of income on each good regardless of the values of the prices and income.
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"Blast it!" said David Wilson, president of Teledex Company. "We've just lost the bid on the Koopers job by $4,000. It seems we're either too high to get the job or too low to make any money on half the jobs we bid. Teledex Company manufactures products to customers' specifications and operates a job order costing system. Manufacturing overhead cost is applied to jobs on the basis of direct labor cost. The Department Fabricating Machining AssemblyTotal Plant $219,000 $109,500 $328,500 $ 657,000 Manufacturing overhead $383,250 $438,000 $ 98,550 $ 919,800 Direct labor Jobs require varying amounts of work in the three departments. The Koopers job, for example, would have required manufacturing costs in the three departments as follows: Department Direct materials Direct labor Manufacturing overhead labricating Machining /exKYnily .10.1 Mart $ 4,900 400 3,300 $ 8,600 $ 6,600 $ 700 8,100 $ 15,400
Teledex Company uses job costing system and manufactures products according to the clients' requirements. The production overhead cost is calculated on the basis of direct labor cost. The organization's Fabricating, Machining, and Assembly departments have direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs.
It's clear that the manufacturing overhead cost is higher than the direct labor cost, which may be an issue for Teledex Company. Additionally, if their overhead is too high, they won't win as many bids, which could harm the company's future. They must first determine the cause of their high overhead and take appropriate action to minimize it. The organization's overhead is $1,419,600, while its direct labor cost is $657,000. They should also look into their direct labor cost and ensure that it is as low as possible. They can also investigate the rates their competitors are offering for comparable services. Teledex may need to investigate the option of increasing their costs to clients or reducing their operating costs if they cannot make a profit on a job. Teledex Company should analyze the current cost structure and determine areas where cost savings can be made without compromising quality. Then, they can adjust their pricing strategy based on the data obtained from their analysis.
In conclusion, Teledex Company must concentrate on decreasing their manufacturing overhead while also keeping their direct labor costs under control. Additionally, they may need to consider increasing their prices if they are unable to lower their expenses. The company must analyze their current cost structure to make data-driven decisions, and they must also evaluate their competition to determine if their pricing strategy is correct.
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When housing prices of Hong Kong fall, the economic competitiveness of Hong Kong might increase because (1) it might lead to lower production costs. (2) it might lead to more income equality. (3) it might lead to less pollutions. A. (1) & (2) only. B. (1) & (3) only. C. (2) & (3) only. D. (1), (2) & (3)
When housing prices of Hong Kong fall, the economic competitiveness of Hong Kong might increase because it might lead to lower production costs; might lead to more income equality; and might lead to less pollutions. Therefore, the correct option is D. (1), (2) & (3).
Hong Kong is among the most prosperous territories in the world and has a rich capitalist economy with low taxation and free trade. It is one of the most popular investment destinations due to its low taxation, open market policy, and less strict policies regarding financial investments.The fall in housing prices in Hong Kong can lead to the increase in economic competitiveness of Hong Kong in the following ways:
Lower production costs: As housing prices fall, the production costs in Hong Kong fall as well. As a result, the cost of production of goods and services reduces. Lower production costs imply a decrease in the prices of goods and services, making them more affordable to consumers and more profitable to producers.
More income equality: The fall in housing prices would lead to more income equality as it makes affordable housing more accessible to low-income earners. This could reduce income inequality, as low-income earners would have an opportunity to purchase homes in more desirable areas.
Less pollution: The fall in housing prices would encourage more people to live in the city, thus reducing the pollution associated with commuting. This would lead to a cleaner and healthier environment for the residents of the city.
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1. Work team and Sport teams are very similar. True or False
2. An organization can form teams made up all its ____________
skills to meet goals and correct problems.
1. False. Work teams and sports teams have some similarities, but they also have significant differences. 2. An organization can form teams made up of various skills to meet goals and address problems.
Work teams and sports teams may share certain characteristics, such as collaboration, goal orientation, and the need for effective communication. However, they differ in terms of their purpose, structure, dynamics, and the nature of tasks they perform. Work teams focus on achieving organizational objectives and often involve diverse roles and responsibilities, while sports teams are primarily focused on winning games or competitions through specific athletic skills and strategies. Additionally, work teams typically operate in a professional setting, whereas sports teams are part of the sports industry.
An organization can assemble teams consisting of individuals with complementary skills to effectively address various goals and challenges. These teams can be cross-functional, combining different expertise and perspectives to tackle complex projects or solve problems. By bringing together individuals with diverse skill sets, organizations can foster innovation, collaboration, and synergy. These teams can be formed on a temporary or ongoing basis, depending on the specific needs and goals of the organization. The composition of the team will vary depending on the nature of the task at hand, with team members selected based on their relevant skills and knowledge.
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1:What would be the effect on the Unreserved Fund Balance at the
end of the current fiscal year of recording a $15,000 expenditure
for a new computer, assuming a $14,600 encumbrance had been
recorded
If a $15,000 expenditure for a new computer is recorded and a $14,600 encumbrance had already been recorded, the effect on the Unreserved Fund Balance at the end of the current fiscal year would be a decrease of $400.
An encumbrance represents a commitment to spend funds for a specific purpose, in this case, the purchase of a new computer.
When the actual expenditure is recorded, it reduces the encumbrance and decreases the Unreserved Fund Balance.
In this scenario, the $14,600 encumbrance would be reduced by the actual expenditure of $15,000, resulting in a decrease of $400 in the Unreserved Fund Balance.
The Unreserved Fund Balance represents the available funds that are not restricted or allocated for any specific purpose, and it reflects the financial position of the organization.
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