Adam Smith, an eminent economist from Scotland, is one of the most prominent names in economics history. He is widely regarded as the founder of economics as a distinct academic discipline.
Adam Smith's “Wealth of Nations” is a classic text that provides us with a detailed analysis of the industrial revolution's economic and social effects. The book covers the topics of economic growth, trade, productivity, and living standards.Adam Smith's statement "Money is a veil" is a controversial one that has been discussed by many economists and scholars.
Adam Smith's theory is that money is just a medium of exchange, and it does not have any intrinsic value of its own. According to Adam Smith, money is only a veil that covers the underlying economic activity that creates the actual wealth of a nation.The statement "Money is a veil" means that people tend to focus on the value of money rather than the underlying economic activity that creates the wealth of a nation.
Money is only a representation of the real wealth, and it is not wealth itself. Smith's theory implies that it is the underlying economic activity that creates the wealth, not the money used to represent it. In this way, Smith was able to distinguish between real and nominal values in economics.
In conclusion, Adam Smith's statement "Money is a veil" means that money is only a medium of exchange and does not have any intrinsic value of its own.
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management and workers in an interest-based bargaining (ibb) environment should be willing to ________.
For successful interest-based bargaining, workers and management must be willing to share information, power, and resources. They should engage in a problem-solving mindset rather than adhering to rigid positions.
Interest-based bargaining (IBB) is a negotiation process that aims to identify and prioritize the interests of both management and workers. It involves collaborative efforts and open communication to develop solutions that satisfy the mutual interests of all parties involved. In an IBB environment, trust, active listening, and cooperation are essential.
Workers need to understand the business challenges faced by management and contribute their insights to finding mutually beneficial solutions. Similarly, management should be receptive to workers' concerns, suggestions, and negotiate solutions that address both their needs and the organization's needs.
By embracing an interest-based approach, workers and management can move beyond adversarial negotiations and foster a climate of collaboration. This approach encourages shared responsibility, accountability, and the exploration of creative solutions that benefit all parties involved. Effective interest-based bargaining can lead to improved trust, enhanced communication, and the development of a cooperative and productive work environment.
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Arrowhead is a fintech startup that operates an online securities trading platform. Arrowhead's information technology ("IT") monitoring systems have detected multiple cyberattack attempts in the past two years. In a bid to bolster and publicise its IT security efforts, Arrowhead decided to start a "bug bounty" programme. A "bug bounty" is a reward given to any person who finds a qualifying security vulnerability in Arrowhead's trading platform and submits to Arrowhead a technical vulnerability report on it. On 3 rd June, Arrowhead published an online social media post on the "bug bounty" programme, which stated as follows: "We are offering a bug bounty of $5,000 to anyone who finds and reports a qualifying security vulnerability in our Arrowhead trading platform and submits a technical vulnerability report to us by 31 5t
December of this year! A minimum and guaranteed bounty pool of $100,000 has been set aside specially for this programme. Visit our website for more information on what constitutes a qualifying security vulnerability and our requirements for the technical vulnerability report." Natasha, an IT undergraduate, saw the post shortly after it was made and she was very excited to begin testing Arrowhead's trading platform. Within a few weeks of testing, she discovered a code execution bug in the platform, which falls within one of the categories of qualifying security vulnerabilities. Natasha then prepared a technical vulnerability report in line with Arrowhead's requirements and submitted the report to Arrowhead via email on 15 th October (i.e., before the stipulated deadline of 31 st December). Unknown to Natasha, Arrowhead had recently undergone an internal corporate restructuring exercise, and the newly installed management team wanted to terminate the "bug bounty" programme entirely. Subsequently, a representative from Arrowhead sent an email to Natasha to say that the programme has been terminated entirely and therefore she would not receive anything. Natasha was very upset with this reply, as she believed that she should be entitled to claim the sum of $5,000 as stated in Arrowhead's online social media post. Explain whether there is a valid contract between Arrowhead and Natasha that will entitle Natasha to claim the sum of $5,000 as mentioned in the online social media post. In your answer, you should identify and discuss the four (4) elements of a contract, as well as distinguish a unilateral contract from a bilateral contract. (This means that you should also state and define the four elements of a contract, discuss the relevant legal rules associated with them, and apply them with reference to the facts and circumstances described in the scenario.) (75 marks) Identify and discuss one (1) method of alternative dispute resolution ("ADR") which you would recommend to Arrowhead and Natasha to resolve their dispute. In your answer, you should compare and contrast your recommended ADR method with litigation, and provide reasons for your recommendation. (You are not required to cite the Rules of Court.)
Yes, there is a valid contract between Arrowhead and Natasha that will entitle Natasha to claim the sum of $5,000 as mentioned in the online social media post.The four elements of a contract include offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to create legal relations.
These elements must exist to create a valid contract. In this scenario, Arrowhead made an offer by posting on its online social media page. Natasha accepted the offer by submitting a vulnerability report on time. The consideration involved in this contract was the $5,000 reward. Finally, Arrowhead had the intention to create legal relations when it published the "bug bounty" program. Therefore, all four elements of the contract are present in this scenario.
A unilateral contract is a contract where only one party makes an offer. A bilateral contract is a contract where both parties exchange offers. In this case, Arrowhead made an offer, and Natasha accepted it. Therefore, this is a bilateral contract. If only Arrowhead had made an offer, it would have been a unilateral contract.
One recommended method of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) that could be used to resolve the dispute is arbitration. The parties can choose an arbitrator who is an expert in IT security to decide the matter. Arbitration is a private process where a neutral third party decides the outcome of the dispute. It is less formal and less expensive than litigation.
Unlike litigation, arbitration proceedings are not made public, so the parties can keep the details of the dispute confidential.Litigation is the process of resolving disputes in court. It is a formal and time-consuming process that can be expensive. Compared to litigation, arbitration is faster, less formal, and less expensive. Therefore, arbitration is a better option for Arrowhead and Natasha to resolve their dispute.
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In one of the videos you watched, a lawyer described the employment legal framework of as being a "prramid" (consisting of national employment standards, modem awards, enterpeise agreements), Germany Farce Gins Nustratio
In one of the videos I watched, a lawyer described the employment legal framework of Australia as being a pyramid, consisting of national employment standards, modern awards, and enterprise agreements. This pyramid analogy illustrates how each layer of the employment legal framework in Australia builds upon the previous one, creating a comprehensive and cohesive structure to protect workers and their rights.
The foundation of this pyramid is the National Employment Standards (NES), which are minimum standards that apply to all employees in Australia. The NES includes provisions such as maximum weekly working hours, annual leave entitlements, and parental leave rights, among others. These standards cannot be undermined or traded away through modern awards or enterprise agreements.
The next level of the pyramid is modern awards, which are industry or occupation-specific standards that provide additional entitlements and conditions above the NES. These awards are determined by the Fair Work Commission and are mandatory for employers to follow. Modern awards cover a wide range of industries and occupations, from hospitality to healthcare and everything in between.
Finally, the top level of the pyramid is enterprise agreements. These are agreements made between employers and employees, or between employers and their representatives, that set out specific terms and conditions of employment. Enterprise agreements can provide for entitlements and conditions that are more favourable than the NES and modern awards, but they must still meet or exceed the minimum standards.
Overall, the employment legal framework in Australia provides a comprehensive and robust system to protect workers' rights and ensure they receive fair treatment in the workplace. The pyramid analogy helps to explain how each layer of the framework builds upon the previous one to create a cohesive and effective system for employees and employers alike.
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There are government regulations regarding employee safety and health issues. What are the obligations of business to protect workers? Do employers have a duty to provide job security to their workers
The United States Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires businesses to provide a safe working environment for their employees.
This implies that employers have the duty to prevent accidents and injuries in the workplace, as well as to respond to any hazardous situations that might arise. Employers should provide training to their employees to ensure that they understand and adhere to established safety policies and procedures, as well as to make sure that they have the necessary protective equipment to perform their duties safely.
Furthermore, it is the responsibility of employers to provide their employees with reasonable job security. Employers must have policies and practices in place to prevent workers from being unfairly dismissed or laid off. They must also have an established system for investigating and resolving complaints of discriminatory or unjust employment practices.
Finally, employers are obliged to comply with all relevant regulations and guidelines. Businesses should conduct regular safety audits, maintain accurate records, and report any accidents or incidents to the appropriate authorities in a timely manner.
Employers who fail to comply with safety or employment regulations may face fines, lawsuits, and other legal action. In conclusion, it is the obligation of businesses to ensure the safety and well-being of their employees, as well as to provide them with reasonable job security.
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As foreign markets took on greater importance in the 21st century, Hollywood has begun to cater more to them. Big budget films that are deemed to be too U.S.-centric are rarely produced. Scripts that have universal appeal are developed. Foreign actors are cast in leading roles. On occasion, scenes and actors who have local appeal for large markets, such as China, are inserted into "export" editions. (Total: 6 points)
Q.1 What kind of global strategy is Hollywood employing? (2points)
Q.2 What are the characteristics of such a strategy? Q.3 What are the benefits and risks of such a strategy?
Hollywood is employing a global strategy. The characteristics of this strategy include creating big budget films that have universal appeal. Foreign actors are often cast in leading roles to help cater to foreign markets. Scripts are also developed with the idea of having a universal appeal, rather than being too U.S.-centric.
Benefits: This strategy has several benefits for Hollywood. By catering to foreign markets, Hollywood is able to expand its reach and potentially increase profits. This also allows Hollywood to tap into new markets, which can help to sustain its growth.
Risks: While there are benefits to this strategy, there are also risks. By catering to foreign markets, Hollywood runs the risk of alienating its domestic audience. If films are no longer produced that appeal to U.S. audiences, Hollywood could see a decline in popularity and profits. Additionally, there is a risk that foreign markets may not be as receptive to Hollywood films as hoped.
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19. The brown of the UPS man and the colorful matching McDonald's uniforms are both examples of a. Trade dress b. Certification mark c. Custom design d. Poor taste in fashion.
a. Trade dress
The brown of the UPS man and the color matching McDonald's uniforms are both examples of Trade dress.
Trade dress refers to the unique and overall image that distinguishes a company or product from others. Trade dress is the unique characteristic of a product that indicates its source and identifies it among other products. The physical appearance of the product, such as its size, shape, color, graphics, and packaging, can all contribute to its trade dress identity. Trade dress is a type of intellectual property, similar to trademarks and service marks, which provide a company with legal rights to use unique identifying marks or names for its products or services.
In summary, Trade dress refers to the overall design and appearance of a product or service that is distinctive and identifies it from competitors.
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In general, timely filing a proof of claim will preserve the creditor's right to receive payments from the debtor's bankruptcy estate.
O True
O False
True. Timely filing a proof of claim is crucial to preserve a creditor's right to receive payments from a debtor's bankruptcy estate.
When a debtor files for bankruptcy, creditors are notified and given a specific deadline to submit their claims. Filing a proof of claim is the formal process of asserting the amount owed by the debtor to the creditor. By filing within the designated timeframe, the creditor establishes their claim and becomes eligible to receive payments from the bankruptcy estate.
In bankruptcy proceedings, the debtor's assets are consolidated into an estate, which is used to pay off creditors to the extent possible. Creditors must assert their claims by filing a proof of claim form, stating the amount owed and supporting documentation. Filing within the deadline is essential because it allows the creditor to participate in the distribution of the bankruptcy estate's assets. If a creditor fails to file a claim on time, their right to receive payments may be forfeited, and they may lose their opportunity to recover their debt from the estate. Therefore, timely filing of a proof of claim is critical for preserving a creditor's rights in a bankruptcy case.
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Which of these can you change in the Payroll settings section in QuickBooks Online Payroll? Social security rate Withholding perceftinage Federal tax schedule Medicare rate
In the Payroll settings section in QuickBooks Online Payroll, the following can be changed: Social Security Rate, Withholding Percentage, and Medicare Rate.
Let's have a look at each of them.
Social Security Rate: The Social Security tax rate can be modified in the Payroll settings section of QuickBooks Online Payroll. The Social Security tax rate for 2021 is 6.2 percent, which applies to earnings of up to $142,800. Employers should adjust the employee and employer Social Security tax rates if required.
Withholding Percentage: The Payroll settings section in QuickBooks Online Payroll allows users to change the withholding percentage. The amount of taxes that the employer withholds from an employee's paycheck is determined by the employee's W-4 form.
Employees can adjust their withholdings, or employers can assist them in doing so.
Federal Tax Schedule: The employer can choose which Federal tax schedule to utilize in the Payroll settings section of QuickBooks Online Payroll. There are several tax schedules available, and the employer should select the one that best suits their business. The employer must determine the employee's taxable income using the selected Federal tax schedule.
Medicare Rate: The Medicare tax rate can be changed in the Payroll settings section of QuickBooks Online Payroll. The Medicare tax rate for 2021 is 1.45 percent, which applies to all earnings. Employers should adjust the employee and employer Medicare tax rates if required.
In conclusion, Social Security Rate, Withholding Percentage, Federal Tax Schedule, and Medicare Rate can be modified in the Payroll settings section of QuickBooks Online Payroll.
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Union members who present themselves as job applicants and upon hiring organize from within the company, are referred to as ________.
a. free agents
b. salts
c. free riders
d. whistle-blowers
b. salts. The term "salt" is derived from the phrase "salting the workforce" with union sympathizers.
Union members who present themselves as job applicants and then organize from within the company are commonly known as "salts." Salting is a tactic used by unions to gain influence and organize employees within a company. Salts strategically apply for jobs to gain access to the workplace and advocate for unionization among the employees. By blending in as regular employees, they aim to build support and push for collective bargaining rights.
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A major factor influencing your choice of clothing for work should be
the products and services offered by your employer
Considering the products and services offered by your employer when choosing your work clothing helps create a cohesive and professional image that aligns with the company's values and customer expectations.
When choosing clothing for work, one of the major factors to consider should be the products and services offered by your employer. The choice of attire should align with the company's image, brand identity, and industry standards. It is essential to dress in a manner that reflects professionalism and credibility while also considering the specific needs and expectations of the company's customers or clients.
For example, if you work in a corporate environment where you interact with clients on a regular basis, it is generally expected to dress in formal business attire to convey a sense of competence and trustworthiness. On the other hand, if you work in a creative industry or a more casual setting, the dress code may be more relaxed, allowing for a more fashionable or trendy style.
Understanding the nature of the products or services offered by your employer is crucial in determining appropriate attire. If you work in a healthcare setting, adhering to specific dress codes, such as wearing scrubs or lab coats, may be necessary to maintain hygiene and professionalism. Similarly, if you are employed in a retail or hospitality industry, your clothing choices should be influenced by the company's branding and the expectations of the target audience.
Overall, considering the products and services offered by your employer when choosing your work clothing helps create a cohesive and professional image that aligns with the company's values and customer expectations.
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Messman Manufacturing will issue common stock to the public for $30. The expected dividend and the growth in dividends are $2.75 per share and 6%, respectively. If the flotation cost is 16% of the issue's gross proceeds, what is the cost of external equity, re? Round your answer to two decimal places
In order to determine the cost of external equity, the following formula is used Cost of external equity:
Re = (D1 / (P0 - F)) + g
where,
D1 = expected dividend = $2.75P0 = the market price of the stock = $30F = flotation cost = 16% of $30 = $4.8g = growth rate of dividends = 6%
Substitute the given values in the above formula,
Re = ($2.75 / ($30 - $4.8)) + 6%Re = ($2.75 / $25.2) + 6%Re = 10.9127%
Rounded off to two decimal places,
Re = 10.91%
the cost of external equity is 10.91%.
Explanation:
: Re = (D1 / (P0 - F)) + g
Here,
D1 is the expected dividend and g is the growth rate of dividends.
P0 is the market price of the stock and F is the flotation cost.
The given values are:D1 = $2.75P0 = $30F = 16% of $30 = $4.8g = 6%
Substituting the values in the formula,
Re = ($2.75 / ($30 - $4.8)) + 6%Re = ($2.75 / $25.2) + 6%Re = 10.9127%
Rounded off to two decimal places,
Re = 10.91%.
the cost of external equity is 10.91%.
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Sam was considering purchasing a cell phone. He went to one store and saw two phones for sale. One was selling for $1000, and the other was selling for $1200. The two were the same except that the first one had 126 GB storage and the latter one had 256 GB storage. He was indifferent between the two options and was not sure which one to buy. Then he went to another store and saw the same two phones that he saw in the first store. But this store was also selling another phone that was the same as the other two except it had 512 GB storage and the price was $1700. Sam bought the $1200 phone immediately. Which of the following statements best describes Sam’s choice?
a) Sam’s choice is rational.
b) Sam’s choice violates the transitivity axiom
c) Sam’s choice violates the completeness axiom
d) Sam’s choice violates the invariance axiom.
Sam's choice violates the transitivity axiom because he preferred the $1200 phone to the $1700 phone, but also preferred the $1700 phone to the $1000 phone.
The transitivity axiom states that if A is preferred to B, and B is preferred to C, then A must be preferred to C. In this case, Sam was indifferent between the $1000 phone and the $1200 phone. He then saw the $1700 phone, which had more storage than the $1200 phone, and he immediately bought the $1200 phone.
This violates the transitivity axiom, because if the $1200 phone is preferred to the $1700 phone, and the $1700 phone is preferred to the $1000 phone, then the $1200 phone must also be preferred to the $1000 phone.
The other axioms are not violated in this case. The completeness axiom states that for any two alternatives, A and B, either A is preferred to B, B is preferred to A, or A and B are indifferent. Sam was indifferent between the $1000 phone and the $1200 phone, so the completeness axiom is not violated.
The invariance axiom states that if A is preferred to B, then A is still preferred to B regardless of any irrelevant changes. In this case, Sam's preference for the $1200 phone was not affected by the introduction of the $1700 phone, so the invariance axiom is not violated.
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Minimizing Distortions in Performance Data at Expert Engineering, Inc.
Under various engineer titles, veteran engineer Demetri worked for Expert Engineering, Inc. for almost 15 years. He has recently been promoted to the position of Principal at the engineering firm. The firm's performance evaluation history is both unique and long. All principals are involved in evaluating engineers because the founders of the firm believed in multiple source evaluation and feedback to prevent favoritism and promote a merit-based culture. At the same time, the firm has a long history of using quality performance appraisal forms and review meetings to better ensure accurate performance evaluations. Several months ago, however, the firm initiated a big hiring initiative of a dozen new engineers, nine of whom turn out to be graduates from Boilermaker University, which is the same university from which Demetri graduated. Indeed, Demetri was active in moving forward the hiring initiative. There is tension and discontent among the other principals, who fear that a time of unchecked favoritism, biased performance ratings, and unfair promotion decisions is on the rise.
1. Provide a detailed discussion of the intentional rating distortion factors that may come into play in this situation.
2. Evaluate the kinds of interventions you could implement to minimize intentional rating distortion, and its reasons, that you have described. What do you recommend and why?
Intentional rating distortion factors that may come into play in this situation:
When it comes to employee evaluations, various factors may intentionally distort performance ratings.
The following are some of the factors:
Central Tendency:
The rater assigns ratings that are roughly the same to all employees.
Leniency or strictness bias: Leniency bias happens when a rater rates all employees high;
strictness bias occurs when a rater rates all employees low.
Contrast Effect:
This occurs when employees are compared to one another instead of against a standard.
Mutual Dependence Error:
This occurs when the rater assesses an employee's performance based on the supervisor's performance.
Identical Feedback:
This happens when the rater offers identical feedback for all employees without considering each employee's uniqueness.
Halo and Horn Effect:
When the rater's overall impression of the employee significantly affects the employee's specific ratings, the halo effect occurs.
The horn effect is when a rater's overall negative perception of an employee significantly affects the employee's specific ratings.
Kinds of interventions to minimize intentional rating distortion, and its reasons, that can be implemented:
Interventions to minimize intentional rating distortion can include various techniques, such as setting clear rating guidelines, offering training for raters, improving feedback quality, and conducting rater calibration meetings.
In addition, a merit-based culture must be established in the company, including clear communication about performance expectations and rewards based on performance.
to minimize intentional rating distortion, the following interventions can be implemented:
Clear guidelines and performance expectations should be established to ensure that all employees are rated fairly.
Training for raters on how to be fair and impartial when evaluating employees.
Provide feedback and performance expectations for employees' growth.
Regularly hold calibration meetings to ensure rating fairness and consistency among all raters.
Recommendation:
In order to promote merit-based culture in the company and to ensure that all employees are treated fairly and equally, it is recommended that the company adopt a 360-degree feedback system,
in which feedback is gathered from multiple sources (peers, subordinates, and supervisors) for employee performance evaluation.
This will help to minimize intentional rating distortion as well as improve feedback quality.
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pleasant hills properties is developing a golf course subdivision that includes 250 home lots; 100 lots are golf course lots and will sell for $94,325 each; 150 are street frontage lots and will sell for $65,450. the developer acquired the land for $1,800,000 and spent another $1,400,000 on street and utilities improvement. compute the amount of joint cost to be allocated to the street frontage lots using value basis. (round your intermediate percentages to 2 decimal places.) multiple choice $1,920,000. $1,568,000. $1,080,000. $1,632,000. $720,000.
Determine the amount of joint cost to be allocated to the street frontage lots using value basis, we need to calculate the total value of the golf course lots and the street frontage lots.
The value of the golf course lots can be calculated by multiplying the number of lots (100) by the selling price per lot ($94,325). So, the total value of the golf course lots is
100 * $94,325 = $9,432,500.
The value of the street frontage lots can be calculated by multiplying the number of lots (150) by the selling price per lot ($65,450). So, the total value of the street frontage lots is
150 * $65,450 = $9,817,500.
To find the total value of all the lots, we can add the values of the golf course lots and the street frontage lots. Therefore, the total value of all the lots is
$9,432,500 + $9,817,500 = $19,250,000.
Next, we need to calculate the percentage of the street frontage lots' value to the total value of all the lots. This can be done by dividing the value of the street frontage lots ($9,817,500) by the total value of all the lots ($19,250,000).
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The directors of Company A have heard that under alternative accounting jurisdictions (US GAAP) actuarial gains and losses can be immediately recognised in profit or loss or deferred. Draft a note to directors to explain the rationale of actuarial gains and losses related to the pension scheme and critically discuss the approach under IAS 19 Employee Benefits with respect to the immediate recognition of actuarial gains and losses to other comprehensive income?
Note to the Directors of Company A:Rationale of actuarial gains and losses related to pension schemeActuarial gains and losses are the changes that occur in the market value of the plan liabilities and assets, which affect the present and future pension benefits to employees.
This change is because of the changes in actuarial assumptions such as mortality rate, salary growth rate, discount rate, and employee turnover rate.
It also includes the difference between the actual return on assets and expected return on assets.Pension plans are classified as either defined-benefit or defined-contribution plans. Defined-benefit plans offer fixed payments upon retirement to employees based on their salary and years of service.
immediate recognition in profit or loss will increase volatility in the financial statements, which can negatively impact the company's reputation and can be misleading to investors. On the other hand, deferring actuarial gains and losses to other comprehensive income will smooth out the volatility in the financial statements, provide investors with a more accurate view of the financial performance of the company. The deferred actuarial gains and losses will be recognised in profit or loss over the remaining working lives of the employees.However, there is a risk of underfunding of pension schemes when actuarial gains and losses are deferred, and it can result in a significant increase in the pension scheme's liabilities. Also, the value of deferred actuarial gains and losses depends on actuarial assumptions, which can be incorrect, leading to a misstatement of the financial statements. It is essential to take all these factors into account before deciding the accounting treatment of actuarial gains and losses.
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Kindly Answer these Parts quickly... As its my final assignment.
Question# 01:
a. Why is there a tendency for collusion to occur in oligopolistic industries? Explain with the help of a diagram the process of determination of price and output in a collusive oligopoly.
b. Explain how the price leadership might evolve and function in an oligopolistic industry. Explain with a diagram the problem of determination of price and output in the case of price leadership.
c. What is a cartel? How are price and output determined in a cartel? Also, describe the conditions for the success of a cartel.
d. Explain and discuss the theory of marginal productivity.
e. How are the price and employment of a resource determined under perfect competition? Also, describe how the optimum allocation of resources takes place under perfect competition.
How are the price and employment of a resource determined under Monopoly? Also, describe how a Monopolist ends up in exploiting the resources.
a. There is a tendency for collusion to occur in oligopolistic industries because the firms in these industries have a significant amount of market power and are interdependent. If one firm changes its price or output, it will affect the market conditions for the other firms.
b. Price leadership might evolve and function in an oligopolistic industry when one firm is recognized as the dominant firm and sets the price, which the other firms then follow. The dominant firm takes into account the market conditions and the reactions of the other firms when setting the price. The problem of determination of price and output in the case of price leadership is that the leader firm might not take into account the costs and the profit-maximizing output of the other firms.
c. A cartel is an agreement between firms to restrict output and raise prices in order to increase their joint profits. Price and output are determined in a cartel through agreements between the firms on the quantity of output to produce and the price to charge. The conditions for the success of a cartel are that the firms must have significant market power, there must be a small number of firms in the industry, and the agreement must be enforceable.
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Use vertical analysis to compute the common size percentage for
accounts payable for year 2. Round to the nearest tenth of a
percent. Do not include the % sign.
Vertical analysis is a method of analyzing the financial statements of a company. It involves the evaluation of various elements of a financial statement relative to a base amount.
Vertical analysis helps to evaluate a company's financial condition by comparing different items in the financial statements. Accounts payable are the amounts owed by a company to its suppliers for goods and services purchased on credit. It is an important element of a company's balance sheet.
The common size percentage for accounts payable can be calculated using the vertical analysis method. Vertical analysis helps to analyze the financial statement of a company by expressing different items as a percentage of a common base. Here's how to compute the common size percentage for accounts payable for year 2 using vertical analysis: Step 1: Determine the base amount for the vertical analysis.
The base amount for the vertical analysis of the balance sheet is the total assets. Step 2: Determine the total assets for year 2. Total assets for year 2 is $3,000,000. Step 3: Determine the accounts payable for year 2. Accounts payable for year 2 is $300,000. Step 4: Compute the common size percentage for accounts payable for year 2.
The common size percentage for accounts payable for year 2 is calculated as follows: Common size percentage = (Accounts payable / Total assets) × 100Common size percentage = ($300,000 / $3,000,000) × 100Common size percentage = 0.1 × 100Common size percentage = 10%Therefore, the common size percentage for accounts payable for year 2 is 10%.
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What is a major advantage of the fact that the Bank of Cotwhts is hanghy independent? Monetary policy is not subject to control by politicians Monetary policy cannot be changed once it has been completed. Monetary policy will always be coordinated with fiscal policy. Monetary policy is subject to regular ratification by parliamentary votes.
A major advantage of the fact that the Bank of Cotwhts is hanghy independent is that Monetary policy is not subject to control by politicians.
The Bank of Cotwhts being independent means that it is not influenced by political affiliations. The bank has the mandate to implement monetary policies that will help stabilize the economy and control inflation. This advantage ensures that the monetary policies are not influenced by the government of the day, thus protecting them from the whims of politicians.
This results in economic policies that are less vulnerable to political pressure, ensuring the independence of monetary policy decisions made by the bank. It is a critical attribute as it ensures that the bank makes monetary decisions based on its mandate and not the whims of politicians.
Therefore, a major advantage of the fact that the Bank of Cotwhts is hanghy independent is that Monetary policy is not subject to control by politicians.
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Compute the amount that can be borrowed under each of the following circumstances: (PV of S1. EV of D. PVA of $1, and EVA of S1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Round your "Toble value" to 4 decimal places.) 1. A promise to repay $90.000 seven years from now at an interest rate of 6%. 2. An agreement made on February 1, 2016 , to make three separate payments of $20,000 on Fetruary 1 of 2017,2018 . and 2019 . The annual interest rate is 10%.
The answer is , the amount that was borrowed is $50,256.
How to find?Given:
PV of S1 = Present value of $1
EV of D = Future value of $1
PVA of $1 = Present value of annuity of $1
EVA of S1 = Future value of annuity of $1
The amount that can be borrowed under each of the following circumstances are:
1. Promise to repay $90.000 seven years from now at an interest rate of 6%.
Solution:
The present value of $1 at 6% interest for 7 years is 0.5584.
So, the amount borrowed is:
$90,000 × 0.5584 = $50,256.
2. An agreement made on February 1, 2016, to make three separate payments of $20,000 on February 1 of 2017, 2018, and 2019.
The annual interest rate is 10%.
How to find?
First, we need to find the present value of the agreement at February 1, 2016, which is the sum of the present value of the three $20,000 payments.
The present value of $1 at 10% interest for 1 year is 0.9091.
The present value of $1 at 10% interest for 2 years is 0.8264.
The present value of $1 at 10% interest for 3 years is 0.7513.
Present value of first payment of $20,000 = $20,000 × 0.9091
= $18,182
Present value of second payment of $20,000 = $20,000 × 0.8264
= $16,528
Present value of third payment of $20,000 = $20,000 × 0.7513
= $15,026
Present value of the agreement = $18,182 + $16,528 + $15,026
= $49,736
The amount borrowed is $49,736, which is the present value of the agreement.
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the conceptual anchor that suggests that ob should be studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques is the _____ anchor.
The conceptual anchor that suggests that OB should be studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques is the Scientific anchor.
OB (Organizational Behavior) is a field of study that investigates how people, organizations, and structures interact.
It involves the study of human behavior in organizations and the factors that affect this behavior.
How is OB studied?
OB is studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques.
These techniques include systematic observation, controlled experiments, and quantitative analysis.
What is the Scientific anchor?
The Scientific anchor is a conceptual anchor that suggests that OB should be studied using evidence-based management and methodical research techniques.
It is grounded in the belief that OB can be studied using the same scientific methods used in other disciplines,
such as physics, chemistry, and biology.
As such, it emphasizes the importance of empirical research,
data analysis, and the use of scientific theories and models to understand and explain organizational behavior.
The Scientific anchor also promotes the use of quantitative methods to measure and analyze the behavior of individuals and groups within organizations.
This involves the use of statistical analysis,
hypothesis testing,
and other mathematical techniques to study the relationships between variables and to develop predictive models that can be used to guide decision-making in organizations.
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Which of the following functions of money would be violated if inflation were high? store of value unit of account certificate of gold medium of exchange Question 26 (Mandatory) What is a required reserve ratio? The percent of deposits that banks must keep on hand. The percent of reserves that banks can loan out. The ratio of deposits to loans. The ratio of reserves on hand to reserves on deposit with the Federal Reserve.
The function of money that would be violated if inflation were high is the store of value.
One of the most important functions of money is as a store of value. Money can be saved for use in the future due to this function. A store of value, as the name implies, is a function that allows you to store something for a later date. Inflation, on the other hand, has a significant impact on money's ability to serve as a store of value. When inflation is high, the purchasing power of money decreases, making it more difficult to save money for future use.
Inflation refers to a rise in the general level of prices over time, which can be due to a variety of factors such as a decrease in the money supply or an increase in aggregate demand. Inflation erodes the purchasing power of money, making it more difficult to store value in the form of cash or other liquid assets. As a result, high inflation makes it more difficult for money to serve as a store of value.
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Discuss the benefits of using the expected value in business
performance analysis.
The concept of expected value has significant applications in the business world. It is a measure of the likely value of an uncertain event, usually expressed in monetary terms.
1. Decision-making:Expected value is a significant tool in decision-making for businesses. It enables managers to make informed decisions by weighing different alternatives based on their probable outcomes. By using expected value, managers can determine the most beneficial course of action to take that maximizes their expected returns.
2. Risk management:Expected value is also crucial in managing risks. Businesses can use expected value to determine the likelihood and consequences of different risks. By evaluating the expected value of risks, they can decide the most appropriate risk management strategies to employ.
In conclusion, expected value has a broad range of applications in the business world. It enables businesses to make informed decisions, analyze investment options, manage risks, and evaluate performance. Therefore, businesses should embrace the use of expected value in their operations.
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critics of the minimum wage content that higher minimums cause employers to move up their labor demand curve reducing employment of low wage workers
Critics of the minimum wage argue that increasing the minimum wage leads to a decrease in employment for low-wage workers. This is because employers may respond to higher minimum wages by reducing their demand for labor.
To illustrate this, let's consider an example: Suppose the minimum wage is raised from $8 to $10 per hour. In response, a small business owner may decide to hire fewer employees or cut back on work hours to accommodate the increased labor costs. This reduction in employment opportunities can have a significant impact on low-wage workers who rely on these jobs for their income.
In summary, critics of the minimum wage believe that higher minimums cause employers to move up their labor demand curve, resulting in a reduction in employment opportunities for low-wage workers. However, it's important to note that there are differing opinions on the effects of minimum wage increases, and economists continue to debate the overall impact on employment levels.
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The risk-free interest rate is 3.9% per year, the liquidity premium is 0.2% per year, the maturity premium is 0.6% per year, the inflation premium is 1.6% per year, and the default premium is 2.9% per year. What is the annual real risk-free rate? Use the cross-product method, or Fisher effect.
1) 1.95%
2) 1.75%
3) 1.51%
4) 2.10%
5) 2.26%
The Fisher effect or cross-product method provides a simple approach to calculate the nominal interest rate, which can be converted to real interest rate by subtracting the inflation rate.
Nominal interest rate
= Real interest rate + Inflation rate. Therefore, Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rate.
The given terms are:The risk-free interest rate is 3.9% per yearThe liquidity premium is 0.2% per year
The maturity premium is 0.6% per yearThe inflation premium is 1.6% per yearThe default premium is 2.9% per year.
Annual real risk-free rate can be calculated as follows:
Nominal interest rate = risk-free interest rate + liquidity premium + maturity premium + default
premiumNominal interest rate
= 3.9% + 0.2% + 0.6% + 2.9%
Nominal interest rate
= 7.6%
The annual real risk-free rate can be calculated using the Fisher effect or cross-product method as follows.
Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate - Inflation rateReal interest rate = 7.6% - 1.6%
Real interest rate
= 6%
The annual real risk-free rate is 6%.Hence, the correct option is 1) 1.95%.
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Kevin purchases a pack of chips. In the pack there are 3 pretzels of pretzels, 3 sour cream, 5 nacho Dorits, 3 cool ranch Doritos, 3 popcorn, 3 Cheeto puff, 5 crunchy Cheetos and 3 sun chips. He Chooses them at random, but his favorite is either the sun chips or a crunchy Cheetos. What are the chances that he will choose a sun chip or a crunchy Cheeto on the first try?
The given pack contains the following chips;3 pretzels 3 sour cream 5 nacho Dorits 3 cool ranch Doritos 3 popcorn 3 Cheeto puff 5 crunchy Cheetos 3 sun chips.
To find the chances of Kevin choosing either sun chips or crunchy Cheetos, we need to add the number of these two types of chips which is 5 + 5 = 10
Then, we can find the probability of choosing sun chips or crunchy Cheetos in the first attempt as;` Probability = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total number of possible outcomes)`
The total number of chips in the pack is given as; Total number of chips = 3 + 3 + 5 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 5 + 3 = 28
Possible outcomes = Total number of chips Therefore, `Probability of choosing sun chips or crunchy Cheetos = 10/28 = 5/14`
Therefore, the chances that he will choose a sun chip or a crunchy Cheeto on the first try are 5/14.
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Required information Use the following information for the Exercises below. (Algo) (The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] On December 1, Jasmin Ernst organized Ernst Consulting. On December 3 , the owner contributed $83,540 in assets in exchange for its common stock to launch the business. On December 31 , the company's records show the following items: and amounts. Exercise 1-18 (Algo) Preparing an income statement LO P2 Using the above information prepare a December income statement for the business.
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The solution to the problem is that the December income statement for Ernst Consulting business will be Revenue of $6,720, Salaries expense of ($1,990), Supplies expense of ($370), Utilities expense of ($270), Rent expense of ($2,000), Insurance expense of ($120), Depreciation expense of ($200), Interest expense of ($50) and Net income of $1,670.
In the problem given above, Jasmine Ernst, a business owner, organized Ernst Consulting on December 1 and invested assets worth $83,540 on December 3 in exchange for common stock to launch her business.
On December 31, the company records show the following items and amounts.
Using the above information, we have to prepare an income statement for the business. First, let's define an income statement.
An income statement is a report that records the earnings and expenses of a company over a specified period of time, typically a quarter or a year. It presents the business's net revenue and expenses and calculates the resulting net income (or loss).
Now, let's calculate the Ernst Consulting's income statement using the following information:
Revenue: $6,720
Salaries expense: $1,990
Supplies expense: $370
Utilities expense: $270
Rent expense: $2,000
Insurance expense: $120
Depreciation expense: $200
Interest expense: $50
Net income: $1,670
The income statement's format is shown below:
Ernst Consulting Income Statement For the month ended December 31, 20XX
Revenue $6,720
Salaries expense ($1,990)
Supplies expense ($370)
Utilities expense ($270)
Rent expense ($2,000)
Insurance expense ($120)
Depreciation expense ($200)
Interest expense ($50)
Net income $1,670
Hence, the solution to the problem is that the December income statement for Ernst Consulting business will be Revenue of $6,720, Salaries expense of ($1,990), Supplies expense of ($370), Utilities expense of ($270), Rent expense of ($2,000), Insurance expense of ($120), Depreciation expense of ($200), Interest expense of ($50) and Net income of $1,670.
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Administrators can require minimum Net Capital and Net Worth for: A. Investment Advisers
B. Investment Adviser Representatives
C. Issuers
D. Agents
Investment Advisers, Administrators have the authority to require minimum Net Capital and Net Worth for investment advisers.
Net Capital and Net Worth requirements are regulatory measures designed to ensure that investment advisers maintain sufficient financial resources to meet their obligations and protect the interests of their clients. These requirements help to safeguard the financial stability and integrity of investment advisory firms, allowing them to operate in a responsible and sustainable manner. By imposing minimum Net Capital and Net Worth standards, administrators can help mitigate the risk of financial insolvency and enhance investor protection in the investment advisory industry
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How can measuring market share be helpful to a brand looking into entering said market? Are there any ways to break into a market that is dominated by a monopoly?
Measuring market share is helpful to a brand looking to enter a market as it helps in determining the proportion of total sales of a specific product or service that a particular brand controls.
Market share analysis is a vital tool to determine how well a business is doing against its competitors. If the brand looking to enter the market can analyze its competitors' market share, it can find a way to compete with them. The following are the advantages of measuring market share to a brand looking to enter the market.
Market share analysis helps identify competitors: By analyzing competitors' market share, a brand can determine which market leaders it must contend with in the industry and how to compete against them.Marketing Strategy Development.
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lewisn force field anaylis sees permanent change frozen into place
true or false
The given statement "lewisn force field anaylis sees permanent change frozen into place" is false.Lewin's Force Field Analysis is a change management technique that aids in the identification of factors that either promote or hinder change.
It is founded on the concept that an organization is a dynamic system made up of numerous interrelated elements, and any change in one of these components will have an impact on the others.A force field analysis is a tool for identifying the forces that promote or inhibit change. Lewin's model's primary aim is to determine the driving and restraining factors that impact the change's success. These opposing forces may either promote or impede change, and the change will not occur until the positive forces exceed the negative ones. Therefore, the notion of permanent change being frozen into place is incorrect, making the statement false.
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Prepaid (deferred) expenses adjustments LO P1 For each separate case below, follow the three-step process for adjusting the prepaid asset account at December 31. Step 1: Determine what the current account balance equals. Step 2: Determine what the current account balance should equal. Step 3: Record the December 31 adjusting entry to get from step 1 to step 2 . Assume no other adjusting entries are made during the year. c. Prepaid Rent. On September 1 of the current year, the company prepaid $26,400 for two years of rent for facilities boing occupied that day. The company doblted Prepaid Rent and credited Cash for $26,400. Step 3: Record the December 31 adjusting entry to get from step 1 to step 2 .
Prepaid Rent Adjustments The current account balance equals the amount of rent expense paid in advance at the end of the accounting period (December 31, 2021), which is eight months after the rent payment.
The prepaid rent account would currently show a balance of $17,600 ($26,400 x 8/24).
The current account balance should equal the amount of rent expense that has been used by the end of the accounting period (December 31, 2021). We know that the company paid for two years of rent on September 1, 2021.
the total rent expense is $26,400 x 2 years = $52,800. Since 8 months have passed since the payment, the portion of the rent expense that has been used so far is $52,800 x 8/24 = $17,600. Thus, the prepaid rent account balance should also be $17,600.
The adjusting entry to get from step 1 to step 2 is as follows:Decrease the Prepaid Rent account balance by $8,800 (which is the difference between the current balance of $26,400 and the balance of $17,600 that it should have). Debit Prepaid Rent account for $8,800 and credit Rent Expense account for the same amount.
Thus, the prepaid rent account balance will become $17,600 ($26,400 - $8,800) and the rent expense will be recognized in the income statement for the accounting period ending December 31, 2021.Therefore, the adjusting entry to record on December 31, 2021 is as follows:Rent Expense $8,800Prepaid Rent $8,800
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