What are the signs of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for the spontaneous conversion of a crystalline solid into a gas?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

ΔH>0, ΔS>0, and ΔG<0

Explanation:

Crystalline solid → Gas

ΔG < 0 T  as the reaction is Spontaneous The solid is converted into gas so the Entropy will increase as randomness is more in gas than solid, ΔS > 0

using Gibbs equation

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

as ΔG < 0 and ΔS > 0

ΔH - TΔS <0

ΔH < TΔS ⇒ΔH >0

This gives that ΔH will be Positive but it will be less than TΔS. So we need to provide some energy to convert crystalline solid into gas.


Related Questions

How many grams of Fe can be produced when 6.50 g of Fe2O3 reacts?

Answers

Answer:

Mass of Fe produced = 4.468 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of Fe produced = ?

Mass of Fe₂O₃ react = 6.50 g

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2Fe₂O₃        →     4Fe + 3O₂

Number of moles of Fe₂O₃ ;

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 6.50 g/159.69 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.04 mol

Now we will compare the moles of iron and ironoxide.

                    Fe₂O₃             :             Fe

                         2                :              4

                       0.04             :             4/2×0.04 = 0.08 mol

Mass of iron produced:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.08 mol × 55.85 g/mol

Mass = 4.468 g

which of these is a cost of using paper grocery bags

Answers

Answer:

15 cents where im from

Explanation:

On average what is the time between collisions of a xenon atom at 300 K and (a) one torr pressure; (b) one bar pressure.

Answers

Answer:

(a). 132 × 10^-9 s = 132 nanoseconds.

(b)..176.5 pico-seconds.

Explanation:

(a). At one torr, the first thing to do is to find the speed and that can be done by using the formula below;

Speed = [ (8 × R × T)/ Mm × π]^1/2.

Where Mm = molar mass, T = temperature and R = gas constant.

Speed= [ ( 8 × 8.314 × 300)/ 131.293 × π × 10^-3)^1/2. = 220m/s.

The next thing to do now is to calculate for the degree of collision which can be calculated by using the formula below;

Degree of collision = √2 × π × speed × d^2 × pressure/ K × T.

Note that pressure = 1 torr = 133.32 N/m^2 and d = collision diameter.

Degree of collision = √2 × π × 220 × (4.9 × 10^-10)^2 × 133.32/ 1.38 × 10^-23 × 300.

Degree of collision = 7.55 × 10^6 s^-1.

Thus, 1/ 7.55 × 10^6. = 132 × 10^-9 s = 132 nanoseconds.

(b). At one bar;

1/10^5 × 10^3 × 56.65 = 1.765 × 10^-10 = 176.5 pico-seconds.

Answer the question below ​

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation: I think

As a sample's temperature increases, which two factors also increase?
A. Particle speed
O.B. Particle boiling point
C. Particle kinetic energy
D. Particle size
Help please

Answers

Answer:

speed

energy

Answer:

particle speed and particle energy

Explanation:

i just took the quiz on a p e x

Please help I will give brainiest

Answers

Answer:

1. Least

2. Most

Answer:

1st one is less 2nd is greater

Explanation:

how many grams of diazine (N2H2) are there in 2.55 mol of the compound

Answers

Answer:

76.5g is present in 2.55mol of diazine

Explanation:

no. of mole equals mass over molar mass

molar mass of diazine equals 30g/mol.. then substitute to get the mass in grams which is 76.5g

Select the compound that is most likely to increase the solubility of AgCl when added to water.

a. MgBr2
b. KClO4
c. NH3
d. NaCl

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

The compound which increase the solubility of AgCl in water is determined on the basis of the process called common ion effect. The solubility of AgCl will be maximum in NH₃. The correct option is C.

What is common ion effect?

The process common ion effect can be defined as the suppression of the dissociation of a weak electrolyte (weak acid or weak base) by the addition of some strong electrolyte containing common ion.

The solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given solvent. Here AgCl dissociates into Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. Both KClO₄ and NaCl contain Cl⁻ ions and thus common ion effect takes place. So the solubility decreases.

When AgCl is dissolved in NH₃ it forms a complex [ Ag (NH₃)₂]⁺. So it is highly soluble in NH₃. It is also soluble in water but not more than NH₃.

Thus the correct option C.

To know more about solubility, visit;

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g Lactate dehydrogenase is a tetrameric enzyme (144kDa) that catalyzes conversion of pyruvate into lactate to regenerate NAD in oxygen depleted muscles. a) Why in anaerobic conditions, is NADH oxidized by lactate dehydrogenase

Answers

Answer:

Kindly check the explanation.

Explanation:

NADH is oxidized anaerobic conditions by lactate dehydrogenase because in order to transform or change Pyruvate into Lactate it has to happen in an anaerobic condition that is where we hardly find oxygen(in the presence of no oxygen).

The chemical compound or say the enzyme known as lactate dehydrogenase gets its proton from NADH( in a REDOX type reaction). After getting the proton from NADH, it uses that to convert Pyruvate into Lactate.

NB: the conversion can also be done in aerobic condition but more ATP will be produced. With anaerobic condition, less ATO is produced and there is re-oxidation.

What evidence should Mitchell collect to BEST support the second law of thermodynamics?

Answers

Answer:

The Second Law of Thermodynamics poses an insurmountable problem for ... More time will make things worse for the Darwinist, not better. ... error fail-safe and proof-reading devices utilized for quality control, assembly ... No one really supports the idea that the sun + non life = life

Explanation:

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe is conserved but the entropy of the universe is continuously increasing.

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

The second law of thermodynamics put some restrictions on the direction of heat transfer and attainable efficiencies of heat engines. This law stated that any spontaneously happening process will lead to an escalation in the entropy (S) of the universe.

This law explains that the entropy of an isolated system will never decrease with time. Mathematically, the 2nd law of thermodynamics:

ΔS (universe) > 0

where ΔS of the universe is the change in the entropy of the universe.

The second law of thermodynamics provides the criterion for the feasibility of any physical or chemical process. A physical or chemical process cannot take place unless it must follow both the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics.

Learn more about second law of thermodynamics, here:

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PLEASE HELP!! I WILL MARK THE 1st ONE BRAINLIEST!

Answers

Answer:

2 3 and 6

Explanation:

A gas has a density of 1.57 g/L at 40.0 °C and 2.00 atm of pressure. What is the identity of the gas?

Answers

Answer:

Neon

Explanation:

Step 1: Given and required data

Density of the gas (ρ): 1.57 g/LTemperature (T): 40.0°CPressure (P): 2.00 atmIdeal gas constant (R): 0.08206 atm.L/mol.K

Step 2: Convert T to Kelvin

We will use the following expression.

K = °C + 273.15 = 40.0 + 273.15 = 313.2 K

Step 3: Calculate the molar mass of the gas (M)

For an ideal gas, we will use the following expression.

ρ = P × M/R × T

M = ρ × R × T/P

M = 1.57 g/L × 0.08206 atm.L/mol.K × 313.2 K/2.00 atm

M = 20.17 g/mol

The gas with a molar mass of 20.17 g/mol is Neon.

In Chemistry, the gas with a molar mass of 20.18 g/mol is neon (Ne) and this is the identity of the gas.

Given the following data:

Density of gas = 1.57 g/LTemperature = 40.0°CPressure = 2.00 atm

Scientific data:

Ideal gas constant, R = 0.0821 L⋅atm/mol⋅K

Conversion:

Temperature = 40.0°C to K = [tex]273 +40=313\;K[/tex]

To determine the identity of this gas, we would apply the ideal gas law equation;

[tex]MM = \frac{R\rho T}{P}[/tex]

Where;

P is the pressure.MM is the molar mass of a gas.R is the ideal gas constant.T is the temperature.[tex]\rho[/tex] is the density of a gas.

Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;

[tex]MM=\frac{0.0821 \times 1.57 \times 313}{2} \\\\MM=\frac{40.35}{2}[/tex]

Molar mass = 20.18 g/mol.

In Chemistry, the gas with a molar mass of 20.18 g/mol is neon (Ne).

Read more: https://brainly.com/question/20317432

What mass is contributed by Br-79?

Answers

Answer:

Calculate the mass of BR -79? Bromine has 2 naturally occurring isotopes (Br-79 and Br-81) and has an atomic mass of 79.904 amu

Explanation:

if i get this wrong srry

Solid nickel reacts with aqueous lead (II) nitrate to form solid lead. What is the net ionic equation for this reaction? • Hint: In this reaction, nickel exhibits its most common oxidation state of +2. • Be sure to include the charge for each ion in the net ionic equation. Provide your answer below: (s) + (aq) → *(n)

Answers

Answer:

Pb²⁺(aq) --> Ni²⁺(aq)

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction is given as;

Ni(s) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) --> Pb(s) + Ni(NO₃)₂(aq)

In writing the ionic equation, we break the aqueous compound into ions. The solid and liquid compounds are ignored.

We have;

Pb²⁺(aq)  + NO₃²⁻(aq) -->  Ni²⁺(aq)  + NO₃²⁻(aq)

Canceling the spectator ions;

Pb²⁺(aq) --> Ni²⁺(aq)

Answer:

Ni(s)+Pb2+(aq)→Ni2+(aq)+Pb(s)

Explanation:

The complete ionic equation of this reaction is

Ni(s)+Pb2+(aq)+2 NO−3(aq)→Ni2+(aq)+2 NO−3(aq)+Pb(s)

The nitrate ions are spectator ions and can be removed from the equation, giving us

Ni(s)+Pb2+(aq)→Ni2+(aq)+Pb(s)

Peptides can be separated using an ion‑exchange column based on their isoelectric (pI) values. At which pH values would two different peptides, one with a pI of 5.3 and the other with a pI of 8.5 , bind to a cation‑ and anion‑exchange column? Each peptide may be capable of binding to each column at more than one pH value.

Answers

Answer:

At pH 3.5:

Peptide A with pI 5.1 and peptide B with pI 8.5 will both bind to the anion-exchange column.

At pH 6.5:

Peptide A with pI 5.1 will bind to the cation-exchange column, while peptide B with pI 8.5 will bind to the anion-exchange column.

At pH 10.8:

Peptide A with pI 5.1 and peptide B with pI 8.5 will both bind to the cation-exchange column.

Explanation:

Ion-exchange column chromatography is used for separating proteins and other molecules in a solution based on differences in net  charge. Negatively charged molecules bind to positively charged solid supports called the anion-exchange column, whereas, positively charged molecules bind to  negatively charged solid supports known as cation-exchange column.

A peptide can acquire a net charge if the pH of the medium is either above or below its isoelectric point,pI. At pH above pI, the peptide acquires a net negative charge and can bind to a positive support. At pH above pI, the peptide acquires a net positive charge and can bind to a negative support. The greater the difference between pH and pI, the tighter the peptide will bind to the column.

At pH 3.5:

Peptide A with pI 5.1 and peptide B with pI 8.5 will both bind to the anion-exchange column.

At pH 6.5:

Peptide A with pI 5.1 will bind to the cation-exchange column, while peptide B with pI 8.5 will bind to the anion-exchange column.

At pH 10.8:

Peptide A with pI 5.1 and peptide B with pI 8.5 will both bind to the cation-exchange column.

please helppp
which one??????????

Answers

The answer should be B
.
Hopes this helps :D

Question 1 of 7

Which sentence correctly explains the change that occurs when ice melts?
Ice melting is a physical change, and the state of the substance remains the same.
Ice melting is a physical change, and the mass of the substance remains the same.
оо оо
Ice melting is a chemical change, and the state of the substance remains the same.
Ice melting is a chemical change, and the mass of the substance remains the same.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:B ice melting is a phiyscal change and the mass of the substance remains the same

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Select the correct answer.
Which statement is always true about a reversible chemical reaction?
ОА.
The concentration of reactants is higher than that of the products.
OB. The products can form reactants, and the reactants can form products
roducts
OC. The concentrations of reactants and products are not constant.
D. The concentration of the products is higher than that of the reactants.

Answers

Answer:

B. The products can form reactants, and the reactants can form products.

Explanation:

Depending on whether products of a chemical reaction can form their reactants or not, a chemical reaction can be irreversible or reversible.

Irreversible chemical reactions occur in only one direction. The reactants can form products, but the products cannot change back to the reactants.

Reversible chemical reactions occur in both directions, which means that the products can change back to the reactants under certain conditions, as well. This is something that always applies to reversible chemical reactions, which is why option B is the correct one.

Answer:

The products can form reactants, and the reactants can form products

Explanation:


A neutral atom becomes a positive ion when it

Answers

Answer:

Neutral atoms can be turned into positively charged ions by removing one or more electrons.

Explanation:

If there is an atom that has 9 protons and 9 electrons, removing an electron from the atom will gain a postive charge.

when an electron is loss

The diagram shows currents that form as water is heated. Which would most likely contain this same type of current? the air above a wildfire a carton of milk in a refrigerator a snowdrift on a shady mountainside a boulder in a hot desert

Answers

Answer:

the answer is A

Explanation:

edg 2020

Answer:

the air above a wildfire/A

Explanation:

What is the relationship between temperature and pressure

Answers

The pressure is given an amount of gas held at constant volume is directly to the temperature, with an increase in temperature the pressure will go up.

Hope this helped;)

A 7-kg bowling ball is rolled down a lane while a 10-kg cart remains at rest. Which has the greatest inertia?

Answers

Im sorry but I have the same question tell me when you figure it out please

10 The rate of the reaction between hemoglobin (Hb)
and carbon monoxide (CO) was studied at 20°C.
The following data were collected with all
concentration units in u mol/L. (A hemoglobin
concentration of 2.21 u mol/L is equal to
2.21 x 10 mol/L.)
[Hblo [CO),
Initial Rate
(u mol/L) (u mol/L) (u mol/Ls)
2.21
1.00
0.619
4.42
1.00
1.24
4.42
3.00
3.71
(a) Determine the orders of this reaction with
respect to Hb and CO.
(b) Determine the rate law.
(c) Calculate the value of the rate constant.
(d) What would be the initial rate for an
experiment with [Hb]o =3.36 u mol/L
[CO] =2.40 4 mol/L?​

Answers

Answer:cookie

Explanation:

7) If the mass of an object is 20 g and its volume is 25 L. What is the density of this object? 1 8) What is the difference between accuracy and precision? Copy and paste a picture of something that accurate but not precise and also something that is precise, but not accurate. 9) What is the formula for percent error?



this is due under 30 mins, please help​

Answers

sorry i have a test and need points love u

Answer:

Accuracy is the closeness of a measured value to the accepted or exact value. The precision of a tool is the smallest unit of measure the tool provides. The smaller the units a tool can measure, the more precise the tool. A measurement can be precise and not be accurate.

Explanation:

What type of compound is disulfur dichloride?
a. organic compound
b. acid (ionic compound)
c. covalent compound
d. ionic compound

Answers

Answer:

Covalent compound

Explanation:

It is formed by covalent bonds, in which the atoms share a pair of valence electrons

Hello I was wondering if anyone knew how to draw the molecular geometry of fentanyl. I already did the Lewis structure.

Answers

Answer:

i dont

Explanation:

Which of the following is a problem caused by dams?
O A. They can be used to generate electricity.
B. They provide water for the irrigation of crops.
.
O C. They impede fish migration and spawning.
O D. They collect and store water for human use.

Answers

C. because the dam blocks fish from traveling ahead of the dam
They impede on fish migration and spawning (it’s the only negative answer and the question is looking for a problem, not a benefit)

Describe how simple distillation is used to separate water from an aqueous solution of sodium
sulfate.

Answers

Answer:

hbyiy

Explanation:

Ram has power of 550 watt.What does it mean?​

Answers

Answer:

for electricity, watts as in back to the future "1.21 jigga watts"!

Explanation:

Predict and write the charges and symbols of the monatomic ions formed by the following atoms: bromine rubidium

Answers

Answer: The monoatomic ions formed by bromine and rubidium are [tex]Br^-[/tex] and [tex]Rb^+[/tex] respectively.

Explanation:

When an atom accepts an electron negative charge is created on atom and is called as anion.  When atom loses an electron positive charge is created on atom and is called as cation.

The atomic number of bromine and rubidium is 35 and 37 respectively. So, the number of electrons is equal to 35 and 37 respectively. Bromine will gain one electron and rubidium will lose one electron to attain stable electronic configuration to form [tex]Br^-[/tex] and [tex]Rb^+[/tex] respectively.

[tex]Br:35:1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^5[/tex]

[tex]Br^-:36:1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^6[/tex]

[tex]Rb:37:1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^63s^1[/tex]

[tex]Rb^+:36:1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^6[/tex]

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