Answer: True
Explanation:
The independent variable is the one which can be changed or manipulated in an experiment. The independent variable exerts its influence on the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the result of the experiment.
The amount of sunlight, can be regulated or changed in an experiment, thus it is an independent variable. The effect of sunlight on different plants is the dependent variable.
During lab, students mixed two solutions of soluble ions in a ceramic well to determine if a precipitate forms.
Write the dissolution reaction for the ionic solids below. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer.)
(a) Ca(NO3)2
(b) Na3PO4
The two solutions, when mixed, will have two cations and two anions.
(c) Based on your lab results, enter the cation and anion for which a precipitate will form. (Separate substances in a list with a comma.)
(d) Write the net precipitation reaction that occurs. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer.)
Answer:
(a) [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2(s)\rightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)[/tex]
(b) [tex]Na_3PO_4(s)\rightarrow 3Na^++PO_4^{3-}[/tex]
(c) [tex]Ca^{2+} \ and \ PO_4^{3-}[/tex]
(d) [tex]3Ca^{2+}(aq)+2PO_4^{3-}(aq)\rightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s)[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the balanced dissolution reactions are:
(a) [tex]Ca(NO_3)_2(s)\rightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)[/tex]
(b) [tex]Na_3PO_4(s)\rightarrow 3Na^++PO_4^{3-}[/tex]
Moreover, when calcium nitrate and sodium phosphate react a double displacement reaction occurs, forming calcium phosphate, which is actually the precipitate due to its low solubility in water, and sodium nitrate:
[tex]2Na_3PO_4(aq)+3Ca(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 6NaNO_3(aq)+Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s)[/tex]
Thus, the precipitate is formed by:
(c) [tex]Ca^{2+} \ and \ PO_4^{3-}[/tex]
Finally, the net precipitation reaction shows the involved cation, anion and final product:
(d) [tex]3Ca^{2+}(aq)+2PO_4^{3-}(aq)\rightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s)[/tex]
Regards.
Enter an abbreviated electron configuration for magnesium: Express your answer in complete form, in order of increasing energy. For example, [He]2s22p2 would be entered as [He]2s^22p^2.
Answer:
[Ne]3s²
Explanation:
Mg
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 or [Ne]3s²
Abbreviated electronic configuration of magnesium is [Ne]3 s² and in complete form it is 1 s² 2 s² 2 p⁶ 3 s².
What is electronic configuration?Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.
Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.
Elements undergo chemical reactions in order to achieve stability. Main group elements obey the octet rule in their electronic configuration while the transition elements follow the 18 electron rule. Noble elements have valence shell complete in ground state and hence are said to be stable.
Learn more about electronic configuration,here:
https://brainly.com/question/13497372
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Given the following Fischer projection: Fischer projection for an entantiomer of 2-bromo-2,3-dihydroxypropanal with the bromine oriented horizontally to the left and the hydroxide group oriented horizontally to the right. draw the perspective formula of the molecule. Be sure to correctly indicate stereochemistry in your answer.
Answer:
Explanation:
Stereoisomers are two or more atoms that have the same bonding order of atoms but there is a difference spatial arrangement of the atoms in space.
A plane of symmetry divides a molecule into two equal halves.
A chiral stereoisomer are not superimposed on a mirror image , Hence they do not posses a plane of symmetry.
As a result to that. these non-superimposable mirror images are said to be Enantiomers.
However, a Fischer Projection emanates from a two - dimensional figure which is used for presenting a three - dimensional organic molecules.
From the given question;
Fischer projection for an enantiomer of 2-bromo-2,3-dihydroxypropanal with the bromine oriented horizontally to the left and the hydroxide group oriented horizontally to the right.
we can sketch the way the enantiomer of 2-bromo-2,3-dihydroxypropanal can be seen like the one shown below:
CH₂OH
|
|
|
Br -------------|----------------OH
|
|
|
CHO
The objective of this question is to drawn the perspective formula of the molecule.
So , from the attached file below; we can see the perspective formula of the molecule in a well structured 3-D format.
Rank the following transitions in a hydrogen atom in order of increasing wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that could produce them. Answer this question without doing any calculations. Explain the order.
n=2 to n=4
n=6 to n=8
n=10 to n=12
n=14 to n=16
Answer:
n=2 to n=4 < n=6 to n=8 < n=10 to n=12 < n=14 to n=16
Explanation:
According to Neils Bohr, electrons in an atom are found in specified energy levels. Transitions are possible from one energy level to another when the electron receives sufficient energy usually in the form of a photon of electromagnetic radiation of appropriate frequency and wavelength. The energy of this photon corresponds to the energy difference between the two energy levels. Thus the higher the energy difference between energy levels, the greater the energy of the photon required to cause the transition and the shorter the wavelength of the photon.
High energy photons have a very short wavelength. It should be noted that as n increases, the energy of successive energy levels decreases and transitions between them now occurs at longer wavelengths. Hence, the highest energy and shortest wavelength of photons are required for transition involving lower values of n because such electrons are closer to the nucleus and are more tightly bound to it than electrons found at a greater distance from the nucleus.
Hence transition involving electrons at higher energy levels occur at a longer wavelength compared to transition involving electrons closer to the nucleus. This is the basis for the arrangement of wavelengths required to effect the various electronic transitions shown in the answer.
Nitrosyl bromide, NOBr, is formed from NO and Br2.
2 NO(g) + Br2(g) 2 NOBr(g)
Experiments show the reaction is second order in NO and first order in Br2.
How does the reaction rate change if the concentration of Br2 is changed from 0.0022 mol/L to 0.0066 mol/L?
a) the rate will double
b) the rate will remain unchanged
c) the rate will triple
Answer:
C ) The rate will triple
Hands moving on a battery-operated clock is an example of what kind of
energy conversion?
A. Kinetic energy being converted to chemical potential energy
B. Gravitational potential energy being converted to heat energy
C. Heat energy being converted to gravitational potential energy
O
D. Chemical potential energy being converted to kinetic energy
Answer: D. Chemical potential energy being converted to kinetic energy
Explanation: Batteries are chemical and that energy is converted into kinetic to make the hands on the clock move :) hope this helped!
How have safety concerns about chemicals changed over time?
A. Government officials rather than scientists decide what chemicals
are dangerous.
B. All nations have agreed to a set of safety standards, so testing
chemicals is no longer necessary.
C. As scientists have learned more about chemicals, they have
become more aware of their dangers.
D. Scientists are no longer as concerned about chemicals because
they are much safer today.
Answer:
C. As scientists have learned more about chemicals, they have become more aware of their dangers
Explanation:
Chemicals are substances with standard compositions, held together by chemical bonds. Chemicals can exist in different phases such as solid, liquid, and gaseous phases. Over time, with a growing understanding of chemicals, their composition, and their reaction methods, scientists now have a better knowledge of the dangers chemicals can pose. To that effect, they have created standard safety measures for those who have to work with these chemicals.
When these guidelines are strictly adhered to, the chances of suffering accidents, burns, and explosions with these chemicals are significantly reduced.
The first three excited states of the nucleus Au-199 (gold) are at 0.075 Mev, 0.320 Mev and 0.475 MeV. If all transitions between theses states and the ground state occurred, what energy/wavelength gamma rays would be observed?
Answer and Explanation:
The computation of the energy or wavelength gamma rays observed is shown below:
Since the energy of gamma rays is higher than 0.10 MeV.
Now We have to calculate transitions in between the given levels of energy that correspond to this energy.
As per the given question, we have the following information
Ground state = E where E < 0.075 MeV
For Level 1 = 0.075 MeV
For Level 2 = 0.320 MeV
For Level 3 = 0.475 MeV
Now we have to take the below transitions:
1. [tex]3 \rightarrow 2[/tex]
Difference of energy is
= 0.475 - 0.320
= 0.155 MeV
This represents a gamma radiation
2. [tex]3 \rightarrow 1[/tex]
Difference of energy is
= 0.475 - 0.075
= 0.4 MeV
This represents a gamma radiation
3. [tex]3 \rightarrow ground[/tex]
Difference of energy is
= 0.475 - E > 0.155 MeV
This represents a gamma radiation
4. [tex]2 \rightarrow 1[/tex]
Difference of energy is
= 0.320 - 0.075
= 0.245 MeV
This represents a gamma radiation
5. [tex]2 \rightarrow ground[/tex]
Difference of energy is
= 0.320 - E > 0.245 MeV
This represents a gamma radiation
6. [tex]1 \rightarrow Ground[/tex]
Difference of energy is
= 0.075 - E < 0.10 MeV
This represents not a gamma radiation
We can see that there are 5 transitions that contain gamma rays
The first solution will be an unbuffered sucrose solution. Calculate the amount of 0.1 M sucrose stock solution and the amount of dH2O needed to prepare 100 mL of unbuffered 20 mM sucrose.
Answer:
20mL of the stock solution and dilute to 100mL
Explanation:
20mM = 0.020M is the concentration of the diluted solution. As you want to prepare this solution from a 0.1M solution, dilution factor is:
0.1M / 0.020M = 5
That means you need to dilute the stock solution 5 times to obtain the 20mM sucrose solution.
As you want to prepare 100mL, you need to add:
100mL / 5 =
20mL of the stock solution and dilute to 100mLWrite the complete balanced equation for the neutralization reaction that occurs when aqueous hydroiodic acid, HI, and sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3, are combined. Include physical states.
Answer:
[tex]HI_(_a_q_)~+~NaHCO_3_(_a_q_)~->~NaI_(_a_q_)~+~H_2O_(_l_)~+~CO_2_(_g_)[/tex]
Explanation:
In this case, we will have a neutralization reaction. We have a base ([tex]HI[/tex]) and a base ([tex]NaHCO_3[/tex]). Additionally, we have a strong acid and a strong base, therefore both will be soluble on water, so we will have an aqueous state for these compounds. If we will have a neutralization reaction, we will have as a salt as a product. With this in mind the reaction would be:
[tex]HI_(_a_q_)~+~NaHCO_3_(_a_q_)~->~NaI_(_a_q_)~+~H_2O_(_l_)~+~CO_2_(_g_)[/tex]
All the sodium salts are soluble in water, therefore we will have an aqueous state. Water is a liquid and carbon dioxide is a gas.
I hope it helps!
What is the standard cell notation of a galvanic cell made with zinc and gold
Answer: Zn (s) |Zn2+ || Au1+| Au(s)
Explanation:
Which metal will spontaneously react with Zn2+
(aq),
but will not spontaneously react with Mg2+
(aq)
according to the activity series
The options of the question is not given so the options are;
(1) Mn(s)
(2) Cu(s)
(3) Ni(s)
(4) Ba(s)
Answer: Mn(s)
Explanation:
The spontaneous reaction depends on the Eo value. The positive Eo value are spontaneous and the negative Eo values are not spontaneous.
so, here the Eo values are:
Eo Zn2+/Zn = -0.763v
Eo Mg2+/Mg = 2.37v
Eo Mn2+/Mn = -1.18v
Therefore, Eo cell (with Zn as one of the half-cell) = Eo Zn2+/Zn - Eo Mn2+/Mn
= -0.763 - (-1.18)
= 0.417v
Whereas, Eo cell (with Mg as one of the half-cell) = Eo Mg2+/Zn - Eo Mn2+/Mn
= -2.37 - (-1.18) = -1.19v
Thus, Mn(s) metal will spontaneously react because it has a positive Eo value and Zn2+(aq), but will not spontaneously react with Mg2+(aq) because it has negative Eo value.
Pre-Lab Study Questions / 9
1. Where are the valence electrons in an atom?
valen
2. How are positive and negative ions fomed?
3. Why are electrons shared in molecular compounds?
Answer:
See detailed answer with explanation below.
Explanation:
Valence electrons are electrons found on the outermost shell of an atom. They are the electrons in an atom that participate in chemical combination. Recall that the outermost shell of an atom is also referred to as its valence shell. Let us consider an example; if we look at the atom, sodium-11, its electronic configuration is 2,8,1. The last one electron is the valence electron of sodium which is found in its outermost or valence shell.
Positive ions are formed when electrons are lost from the valence shell of an atom. For instance, if the outermost electron in sodium is lost, we now form the sodium ion Na^+ which is a positive ion. Positive ions possess less number of electrons compared to their corresponding atoms.
Negative ions are formed when one or more electrons is added to the valence shell of an atom. A negative ion possesses more electrons than its corresponding atom. For example, chlorine(Cl) contains 17 electrons but the chloride ion (Cl^-) contains 18 electrons.
In molecular compounds, a bond is formed when two electrons are shared between the bonding atoms. Each bonding atom may contribute one of the shared electrons (ordinary covalent bond) or one of the bonding atoms may provide the both shared electrons (coordinate covalent bond). The shared pair may be located at an equidistant position to the nucleus of both atoms. Similarly, the electron may be drawn closer to the nucleus of one atom than the other (polar covalent bond) depending on the electro negativity of the two bonding atoms.
The electrons are shared in order to complete the octet of each atom by so doing, the both bonding atoms now obey the octet rule. For example, two chlorine atoms may come together to form a covalent bond in which each chlorine atom has an octet of electrons on its outermost shell.
Consider each of the following molecules in turn: (a) dimethyl ether, (CH3)2O; (b) trimethylamine, (CH3)3N; (c) trimethylboron, (CH3)3B; and (d) carbon dioxide (CO2). Describe the hybridization state of the central atom (i.e., O, N, B, or C) of each molecule, tell what bond angles you would expect at the central atom, and state whether the molecule would have a dipole moment.
Answer:
Consider each of the following molecules in turn: (a) dimethyl ether, (CH3)2O; (b) trimethylamine, (CH3)3N; (c) trimethylboron, (CH3)3B; and (d) carbon dioxide (CO2). Describe the hybridization state of the central atom (i.e., O, N, B, or C) of each molecule, tell what bond angles you would expect at the central atom, and state whether the molecule would have a dipole moment.
QUESTION 11
Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling poid?
O CH3CH2CH2COOH
O CH3OCH2CH2CH3
O CH3CH2CH2OH
O CH3CH2CH2CHO
Answer:
CH3CH2CH2COOH
Explanation:
Both carboxylic acids and alcohols posses hydrogen bonding. The difference between the two lies in the strength of the hydrogen bonding and the structure of the molecules.
Alcohols predominantly form linear hydrogen bonds in which the dipole of the -OH group of one molecule interacts with that of another molecule. This gives a linear arrangement of hydrogen bonded intermolecular interactions which significantly impacts the boiling point of alcohols.
However, the carboxylic acids posses the carbonyl (C=O) which is more polar and interacts more effectively with the -OH bond to form dimmer species. These dimmers have a much higher boiling point than the corresponding alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonds. Hence CH3CH2CH2COOH has a greater boiling point than CH3CH2CH2OH.
The other compounds in the options do not posses hydrogen bonds hence they will have much lower boiling points.
Calculate the missing variable. M1 = 4.0 M V1 = 450mL M2 = ? V2 = 800mL
Answer:7.1
Explanation:
m1=v1
m2=v2
let m2 be x
4.0=450
x=800
cross multiply
4.0 x 800=450x
3200=450x
x = 3200/450
x=m2=7.1
Enter your answer in the provided box. Before arc welding was developed, a displacement reaction involving aluminum and iron(III) oxide was commonly used to produce molten iron (the thermite process). This reaction was used, for example, to connect sections of iron railroad track. Calculate the mass of molten iron produced when 2.88 kg of aluminum reacts with 24.4 mol of iron(III) oxide.
Answer:
2.7255 kg Fe
Explanation:
Based on the reaction of the thermite process:
2 Al(s) + Fe₂O₃(s) → Al₂O₃(s) + 2 Fe(l)
2.88kg of Al (Molar mass: 26.98g/mol) are:
2880g ₓ (1mol / 26.98g) = 106.7 moles Al
For a complete reaction of these moles of Al are necessaries:
106.7 moles Al ₓ ( 1 mol Fe₂O₃ / 2 moles Al) = 53.35 moles Fe₂O₃
As you have just 24.4 moles of Fe₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ is limiting reactant.
1 mole of Fe₂O₃ produce 2 moles of Fe.
Thus, moles of Fe produced are 24.4×2 = 48.8 moles of Fe.
As molar mass of Fe is 55.85g/mol, mass of Fe is:
48.8 moles Fe ×(55.85g / mol) = 2725.5g of Fe =
2.7255 kg FeConsider the heating curve for water. A graph of the heating curve for water has time in minutes on the horizontal axis and Temperature in degrees Celsius on the vertical axis. A line runs through the following points: 0 minutes, negative 20 degrees; 0.5 minutes, 0 degrees; 2 minutes, 0 degrees; 4 minutes, 100 degrees; 8 minutes, 100 degrees; 9.5 minutes, 160 degrees. At what temperature does the solid start melting? –20°C 0°C 20°C 80°C
Answer:
0°C.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, given the heating curve of water on the attached document, we can notice that at 0 °C the solid starts melting, which means that the melting point is reached. Melting point is known as a physical change whereby a solid changes to liquid by the addition of heat as it allows the molecules to separate to each other.
Best regards.
Answer:
0 degrees celcius
Explanation:
I took the test
In the first step of glycolysis, the given two reactions are coupled. reaction 1:reaction 2:glucose+Pi⟶glucose-6-phosphate+H2OATP+H2O⟶ADP+PiΔG=+13.8 kJ/molΔG=−30.5 kJ/mol Answer the four questions about the first step of glycolysis. Is reaction 1 spontaneous or nonspontaneous?
Answer: Reaction 1 is non spontaneous.
Explanation:
According to Gibb's equation:
[tex]\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S[/tex]
[tex]\Delta G[/tex] = Gibbs free energy
[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = enthalpy change
[tex]\Delta S[/tex] = entropy change
T = temperature in Kelvin
When [tex]\Delta G[/tex] = +ve, reaction is non spontaneous
[tex]\Delta G[/tex]= -ve, reaction is spontaneous
[tex]\Delta G[/tex]= 0, reaction is in equilibrium
For the given reaction 1: [tex]glucose+Pi\rightarrow glucose-6-phosphate+H_2O[/tex] [tex]\Delta G=+13.8kJ/mol[/tex]
As for the reaction 1 , the value of Gibbs free energy is positive and thus the reaction 1 is non spontaneous.
Q#1 Give a combination of four quantum numbers that could be assigned to an electron occupying a 5p orbital.
Express your answers using one significant figures. Enter your answers separated by commas.
The answer n, l, ml, ms = 5,1,-1,0,or1,-1/2or+1/2
mastring chemistry says
"Incorrect; Try Again; 6 attempts remaining; no points deducted
Your answer does not have the correct number of comma-separated terms."
the same for q#2
Do the same for an electron occupying a 6d orbital.
Express your answers using one significant figures. Enter your answers separated by commas.
the answer n, l, ml, ms =6,0,1,2,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+1/2or-1/2
Answer:
For an electron in 5p orbital
5,1,-1,+1/2
For an electron in 6d orbital
6,2,-2,+1/2
Explanation:
The term quantum numbers refers to a set of values that can be used to determine the region in space where it is likely to find an electron. This region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron is known as an atomic orbital. An atomic orbital is actually a wave function according to the Schrödinger wave equation.
There are four quantum numbers used in describing an atomic orbital: the principal quantum number (n), the orbital angular momentum quantum number also called azimuthal or subsidiary quantum number (l), the magnetic quantum number (ml), and the electron spin quantum number (ms).
For a 5p orbital;
n= 5, l= 1, ml= -1,0,1 ms= +1/2 or -1/2
For 6d orbital;
n= 6, l= 2, ml= -2,-1,0,1,2, ms= +1/2 or -1/2
Since we are requested to use a four quantum number description that can be assigned to an electron in these levels;
For an electron in 5p orbital
5,1,-1,+1/2
For an electron in 6d orbital
6,2,-2,+1/2
(03.01 LC
Which of the following is not present in an atom? (1 point)
Answer:
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons are all in atoms so the one not present would be the Element since Elements are made of atoms.
Explanation:
Classify the substances as atomic elements, molecular elements, molecular compounds, or ionic compounds. a. Agb. Cdc. MgCl2d. F2f. HIg. NO2h. NaCli. Cl2
Answer:
Explanation:
Hello,
We'll be doing some classification of some chemical substances based on molecules, elemental state or ionic or electrovalent properties.
A) Ag = atomic element : silver (Ag) in its elemental state is an atomic element.
B) Cd = atomic element : Cadmium (Cd) is an element of the periodic table and belongs to transition metal.
C) MgCl = ionic compounds: this is a compound formed between magnesium (Mg) and chlorine (Cl) to give MgCl. This compound has ionic or electrovalent properties since electron transfer occurred between the cation (Mg) and anion (Cl).
D) F₂ = moleculer element : Fluorine F₂ is moleculer element since two elements of fluorine combine together to form a molecule.
E) HI = molecular compound : this is a compound formed from the reaction between hydrogen and iodine. It's a molecular compound because they are two different elements combining together to form a compound.
F) NO₂ = molecular compound
G) NaCl = ionic compound
H) Cl₂ = molecular element
the options are: ( it can’t be repeated )
1-synthetic polymer
2-natural polymer
3-gamma radiation
4-condensation polymerization
5-addition polymerization
Answer:
3- gamma radiation
Explanation:
Hello,
In the above question, 4 of the options are related to polymerization which are
1. Synthetic polymer
2. Natural polymer
3. Condensation polymerization
4. Addition polymerization.
The first two options are types of polymer that exists while the last two are polymerization techniques.
The odd option here which is "gamma radiation" is a particle which is emitted from radioactive substances during decay. It has no mass and no charge but it is highly penetrating and dangerous to human health.
However,
Synthetic polymers are also known as man made polymers and they exist around us because they're present in materials which we use everyday. An example is polyethylene, nylon-6,6 etc
Natural polymers are compounds which are polymeric in nature (compounds catenating to form a complex molecule). Natrual occurring polymers can be found in proteins and some lipids.
Ga3+ and Br1- is what formula?
[tex]\text{GaBr}_3[/tex]
Use the link Standard Reduction Potentials. Write net equations for the spontaneous redox reactions that occur during the following or none (all lower case) if there is no extensive reaction. Use the lowest possible coefficients. A) Iron metal is dipped into a Ni2+ solution.B) Copper metal is added to hydrochloric acid.C) A silver wire is added to nitric acid (HNO3).D) Magnesium metal is added to waterE) Chromium metal is added to a solution of Mg2+
Answer:
a) Fe(s) + Ni^2+(aq) ----> Fe^2+(aq) + Ni(s)
b) no reaction
c) no reaction
d) 2Mg(s) + 2H2O(l)-----> 2Mg^2+(aq) + O2(g) +4H^+(aq)
e) no reaction
Explanation:
It is important to say here that the ability of a particular chemical specie to displace another chemical specie is dependent on the relative standard reduction potentials of the species involved.
All the reactions stated above are redox reactions. Let us take reaction E as an example. Mg^2+ has a reduction potential of -2.37 V while Cr^3+ has a reduction potential of -0.74V. Since the reduction potential of magnesium is more negative than that of chromium, there is no reaction when a piece of chromium metal is dipped into a solution of Mg^2+.
Similarly, though metals displace hydrogen gas from dilute acids, metals that are less than hydrogen in the reactivity series cannot do that. This explains why there is no reaction when copper and silver are dipped into dilute acid solutions.
Reaction occurs when iron is dipped into a nickel solution because the reduction potential of Fe^2+ is far more negative than that of Ni^2+.
A 13.0-L helium tank is pressurized to 26.0 atm. When connected to this tank, a balloon will inflate because the pressure inside the tank is greater than the atmospheric pressure pushing on the outside of the balloon. Assuming the balloon could expand indefinitely and never burst, the pressure would eventually equalize causing the balloon to stop inflating. What would the volume of the balloon be when this happens? Assume atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm. Also assume ideal behavior and constant temperature. i got 338L for he whole thing but that is the volume of the entire sample of helium. But you need to consider that 13.0 liters of that is still in the 13.0-L tank. A helium tank is able to inflate balloons if the inside pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure. can you explain how to do this
Answer:
The volume of the ballon is 325L.
Explanation:
Boyle's law express that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. That means if the pressure increases, the volume decreases. The formula is:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Where P represents pressure and V volume of 1, initial state and 2, final state of the gas.
In the problem, the volume of the tank is 13.0L and the final pressure of the ballon is 1atm -The atmospheric pressure-. As 1atm of gas is in the ballon, the pressure of the tank is 26.0atm - 1.0atm = 25.0atm.
Replacing in Boyle's law expression:
25.0atm*13.0L = 1atmV₂
325L = V₂
The volume of the ballon is 325L.
How does each of the following affect the solubility of an ionic compound: (a) Lattice energy Increasing solubility with increasing lattice energy. Lattice energy does not affect solubility. Decreasing solubility with increasing lattice energy. (b) Solvent (polar vs nonpolar) Ionic compounds are more soluble in a polar solvent. Solvent polarity does not affect solubility. Ionic compounds are more soluble in a nonpolar solvent. (c) Enthalpies of hydration of cation and anion Increasing solubility with increasing enthalpy of hydration. Enthalpy of hydration does not affect solubility. Decreasing solubility with increasing enthalpy of hydration.
Answer:
A) Decreasing solubility with increasing lattice energy.
B) Ionic compounds are more soluble in a polar solvent.
C) Increasing solubility with increasing enthalpy of hydration.
Explanation:
A) Lattice energy is the energy contained in the crystal lattice of a compound (mostly ionic). It is also the energy that would be released if the component ions were brought together from infinity to form the compound.
For a compound to dissolve, the solvation energy that the fluid would use to work on its ions must exceed the compound's lattice energy. Hence, the higher the lattice energy, the less soluble the compound would be.
B) The 'like dissolves like' law in dissolution is very true and applicable. The law explains that polar compounds will dissolve in polar solvents and not dissolve in non-polar solvents. Only non-polar compounds will dissolve in non-polar solvents.
Ionic compounds contain positive and negative ions, making them one of the most polar sets of compounds. So, they will easily dissolve in polar solvents.
C) Enthalpies of hydration of the cations and anions represent the total enthalpy of dissolution. This is the energy released when a compound undergoes hydration. A form of salvation of the ions, the enthalpy of hydration need to match or exceed the lattice energybof the compound For the compound to be soluble. Hence, the larger the enthalpies of hydration, the more likely the compound will be soluble.
Hope this Helps!!!
Acetic acid and ethanol react to form ethyl acetate and water, like this:
HCH,CO2(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) right arrow C2H,CO2CH3(aq) + H2O
Imagine 246. mmol of C2HCO2CH3 Imagineofare removed from a flask containing a mixture of, andat equilibrium,
1. What is the rate of the reverse reaction before any C2HsCO2CH3 has been removed from the flask?
A. Zero.
B. Greater than zero, but less than the rate of the forward reaction.
C. Greater than zero, and equal to the rate of the forward reaction.
D. Greater than zero, and greater than the rate of the forward reaction.
2. What is the rate of the reverse reaction just after the CoHsCO CH has been removed from the flask?
A. Zero.
B. Greater than zero, but less than the rate of the forward reaction.
C. Greater than zero, and equal to the rate of the forward reaction.
D. Greater than zero, and greater than the rate of the forward reaction.
3. What is the rate of the reverse reaction when the system has again reached equilibrium?
A. Zero.
B. Greater than zero, but less than the rate of the forward reaction.
C. Greater than zero, and equal to the rate of the forward reaction.
D. Greater than zero, and greater than the rate of the forward reaction.
4. How much less C2H5CO2CH3 is in the flask when the system has again reached equilibrium?
A. Zero.
B. Greater than zero, but less than the rate of the forward reaction.
C. Greater than zero, and equal to the rate of the forward reaction.
D. Greater than zero, and greater than the rate of the forward reaction.
Answer:
1.) Option C is correct.
The rate of reverse reaction is greater than zero, but equal to the rate of the forward reaction.
2) Option B is correct.
The rate of reverse reaction is Greater than zero, but less than the rate of the forward reaction.
3) Option C is correct.
The rate of reverse reaction is Greater than zero, and equal to the rate of the forward reaction.
4) Option A is correct.
How much less C2H5CO2CH3 is in the flask when the system has again reached equilibrium? Zero.
Explanation:
HCH,CO2(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) ⇌ C2H,CO2CH3(aq) + H2O
1) Before the main product is removed from the reaction setup, the chemical reaction is at equilibrium.
Chemical equilibrium is a state of dynamic equilibrium such that the concentration of the reactants and the products do not always remain the same but the rate of forward reaction always matches the rate of backward reaction.
2) When 246. mmol of C2HCO2CH3 are removed from the reaction mixture....
And when one of the factors involved in chemical equilibrium changes, Le Chatellier's principle explains that the system then adjusts to remedy this change and takes time to go back to equilibrium again.
When one of the species involved in the chemical reaction at equilibrium, is removed from the reaction mixture, the rate of reaction begins to favour that side of the reaction until equilibrium is re-established.
So, when 246 mmol of one of the products is removed, the response is to cause the rate of forward reaction to be favoured to produce more of products as there are fewer, and the rate of reverse reaction at this moment becomes less than the rate of forward reaction.
3) The rate of the reverse reaction when the system has again reached equilibrium
Like I said in (2) above, the reaction remedies this change in concentration of one of the products until equilibrium is re-established and when chemical equilibrium is re-established the rate of forward reaction once again matches the rate of backward reaction.
4) How much less C2H5CO2CH3 is in the flask when the system has again reached equilibrium?
By the time equilibrium is re-established, the system goes back to how it all was and the concentration of C2H5CO2CH3 goes back to the same as it was at the start of the reaction.
Hope this Helps!!!
Electrophilic substitution on 3-phenylpropenenitrile occurs at the meta position. Draw resonance structures to show how the ring is electron-poor at the ortho and para positions.
Answer:
See figure 1
Explanation:
In this question, we have to remember that a poor electron carbon is a carbon in which we have a positive charge, a carbocation. Therefore we have to start with the production of the carbocation. First, a double bond from the benzene is moved to the carbon in the top to produce a new double bond generating a positive charge in a carbon with ortho position (electron-poor). Then we can move another double bond inside the ring to produce a positive charge in the para carbon. Finally, we can move the last double bond to produce again another positive charge in the second ortho carbon.
See figure 1.
I hope it helps!
In the laboratory, a general chemistry student measured the pH of a 0.592 M aqueous solution of triethanolamine, C6H15O3N to be 10.781. Use the information she obtained to determine the Kb for this base.
Kb(experiment) =_______
Answer:
[tex]Kb=6.16x10^{-7}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, given the pH of the base, we can compute the pOH as shown below:
[tex]pOH=14-pH=14-10.781=3.219[/tex]
Next, we compute the concentration of the hydroxyl ions when the triethanolamine is dissociated:
[tex]pOH=-log([OH^-])[/tex]
[tex][OH^-]=10^{-pOH}=10^{-3.219}=6.04x10^{-4}M[/tex]
Then, by writing the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of triethanolamine we have:
[tex]Kb=\frac{[OH^-][C6H14O2N^+]}{[C6H15O3N ]}[/tex]
That is suitable for the direct computation of Kb, knowing that based on the ICE procedure, [tex]x[/tex] equals the concentration of hydroxyl ions that was previously, computed, therefore, we have:
[tex]Kb=\frac{6.04x10^{-4}M*6.04x10^{-4}M}{0.592M-6.04x10^{-4}M}\\ \\Kb=6.16x10^{-7}[/tex]
Regards.