Answer: True
Explanation:
The agency problem is when there is a conflict of interest between the management of a company and the stockholders that exists in the company.
In order to help reduce the potential agency conflicts that at occur during the course of a business, a few of the institutional investors often bring in the pressure of the direct shareholder on the management of a firm. They believe by involving the shareholders, the management will try not to have any differences with the shareholders and thereby reducing agency problem.
To loosen credit the Federal Reserve will: A sell U.S. Government securities to bank dealers with an agreement to buy them back at a later date B buy U.S. Government securities from bank dealers with an agreement to sell them back at a later date C sell Foreign Government securities to bank dealers with an agreement to buy them back at a later date D buy Foreign Government securities from bank dealers with an agreement to sell them back at a later date
Answer:
B buy U.S. Government securities from bank dealers with an agreement to sell them back at a later date
Explanation:
The Federal reserve uses open market operations to regulate liquidity in the economy. This eases or restricts how bank dealers can give credit.
To ease credit giving ability of bank dealers the Federal Reserve will buy US Government securities from bank dealers. This gives them extra money which they can give out as loans to their customers.
On the other hand when credit needs to be tightened, the Federal Reserve will mop up cash by selling Government securities to the bank dealers
Total revenue equals the price multiplied by the quantity. The relative change price and quantity is given by the concept of ________________.
Answer: elasticity
Explanation:
Elasticity has to do with how the changes in price affects the quantity I goods and services that are demanded by the consumers in the market.
Sometimes, a change in price may lead to either a larger change in the quantity demand or it ma lead to a minimal effect on the quantity of good demanded. This is the concept of elastic and inelastic demand.
Suppose that Italy and Germany both produce rye and cheese. Italy's opportunity cost of producing a pound of cheese is 5 bushels of rye while Germany's opportunity cost of producing a pound of cheese is 10 bushels of rye.
By comparing the opportunity cost of producing cheese in the two countries, you can tell that ? ( Italy OR Germany? ) has a comparative advantage in the production of cheese and ? ( Italy OR Germany? ) has a comparative advantage in the production of rye.
Suppose that Italy and Germany consider trading cheese and rye with each other. Italy can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than ? (1 bushel , 1/10 bushel,1/5 bushel,5 bushel,10 bushel ?) of rye for each pound of cheese it exports to Germany. Similarly, Germany can gain from trade as long as it receives more than ? (1 pound , 1/10 pound ,1/5 pound ,5 pound ,10 pound ?) of cheese for each bushel of rye it exports to Italy.
Based on your answer to the last question, which of the following prices of trade (that is, price of cheese in terms of rye) would allow both Germany and Italy to gain from trade? Check all that apply.
6 bushels of rye per pound of cheese
7 bushels of rye per pound of cheese
4 bushels of rye per pound of cheese
1 bushel of rye per pound of cheese
Answer:
Italy has a comparative advantage in the production of cheese.
Germany has a comparative advantage in the production of rye.
5 bushels of rye
1/10 pound of cheese
6 bushels of rye per pound of cheese
7 bushels of rye per pound of cheese
Explanation:
Italy: 1 pound of cheese = 5 bushels of rye
Germany: 1 pound of cheese = 10 bushels of rye
Therefore, the opportunity cost of producing one pound of cheese in Italy is lower than the cost of producing one pound of cheese in Germany, which means that Italy has a comparative advantage in the production of cheese. The opposite can be said about rye since it costs the Germans only half a pound of cheese to produce 5 bushels of rye, while it costs the Italians a whole pound. Therefore, Germany has a comparative advantage in the production of rye.
This means that Italy can gain from specialization if it gains more than 5 bushels of rye for each pound of cheese.
As for Germany, can gain from specialization if it gains more than 1/10 pound of cheese for each bushel of rye.
Therefore, from the alternatives presented, the following would represent a gain from trade for both countries:
6 bushels of rye per pound of cheese
7 bushels of rye per pound of cheese
The financial statement effects of the budgeting process are summarized on the cash budget and the capital expenditures budget. true or false
Answer:
true
Explanation:
At the level of output at which a single-price monopolist maximizes profit, price is Group of answer choices
Answer:
Greater than marginal cost.
Explanation:
A monopoly is a market structure which is typically characterized by a single-seller who sells a unique product in the market by dominance. It is also known as oligopoly, wherein the seller has no competitor because he is solely responsible for the sale of unique products without close substitutes. Any individual that deals with the sales of unique products in a monopolistic market is generally referred to as a monopolist.
Also, a single-price monopolist is an individual or seller that sells each unit of its products to all its customer at the same price. Hence, a single-price monopolist doesn't engage in price discrimination among its customers (buyers).
At the level of output at which a single-price monopolist maximizes profit, price is greater than marginal cost because the marginal revenue would be below the demand curve.
However, if the marginal cost is greater than the price, the monopolist will not make any profit.
In a nutshell, profit maximization for the single-price monopolist occurs at the point where marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue (MC = MR) on the graph of price (P) against quantity (Q) of goods.
Mary makes monthly deposits of $450 at the end of each month over 25 consecutive years to support her retirement. If the account earns an interest rate of 7.5%, which amount comes closest to the value of the deposits at the end?
a. $120,938
b. $343,343
c. $382,667
d. $394,767
e. $367,100
Answer:
d. $394,767
Explanation:
For computing the amount of deposit at the end we need to apply the future value formula i.e to be shown in the attachment
Given that,
Present value = $0
Rate of interest = 7.5% ÷ 12 months = 0.625%
NPER = 25 years × 12 months = 300 months
PMT = $450
The formula is shown below:
= -FV(Rate;NPER;PMT;PV;type)
So, after applying the above formula, the future value is $394,767
You are interested in buying a share of stock in CAD Corporation. You expect a dividend payment of $0.50 next year and that the dividend will grow by 5% per year thereafter. You desire a 10% return on your purchase. According to the Gordon growth model, what is the maximum price you would pay for a share of this stock?a. $20.00b. $15.00c. $12.50d. $10.00
Answer: d. $10.00
Explanation:
The Gordon Growth Model allows for the valuation of a stock based on its anticipated dividends (which can be determined from it's growth rate if not given) and required return.
The formula is;
Stock Price = Next Dividend / ( required return - growth rate)
= 0.50 / ( 10% - 5%)
= 0.50 / 5%
= $10
In your opinion which causes of work stress, or organizational stressors, are likely to be among the most common experienced by air traffic controllers? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
There are four types of organizational stressors: task demands, physical demands, role demands, and interpersonal demands.
For air traffic controllers, task demands are probably the most common organizational stressor that they experience.
Among the task demands, we have the need of quick decisions, critical decisions, and the fact that some information may be incomplete.
The job of an air traffic controller is complex, difficult, requires taking quick, and specially, critical decisions all the time. A bad decision by a traffic controller can be very problematic, and even prove fatal, because of the delicate nature of the job. For all these reasons, air traffic controllers are likely to be subjected to this specific organizational stressor.
On January 1, 2010, the balance in Tabor Co.'s Allowance for Bad Debts account was $13,085. During the first 11 months of the year, bad debts expense of $21,937 was recognized. The balance in the Allowance for Bad Debts account at November 30, 2010, was $9,919.Required:(a) What was the total of accounts written off during the first 11 months? (Hint: Make a T-account for the Allowance for Bad Debts account.)Bad debt write offs $(b) As the result of a comprehensive analysis, it is determined that the December 31, 2010, balance of the Allowance for Bad Debts account should be $9,450. Show the adjustment required in the journal entry format.Allowance for bad debt Debit $Bad debt expenses Credit $
Answer:
(a) What was the total of accounts written off during the first 11 months?
bad debts written for the first 11 months = allowance for bad debt accounts January 1 balance + bad debt expense - allowance for bad debt accounts November 30 balance = $13,085 + $21,937 - $9,919 = $25,103
(b) As the result of a comprehensive analysis, it is determined that the December 31, 2010, balance of the Allowance for Bad Debts account should be $9,450. Show the adjustment required in the journal entry format.Allowance for bad debt Debit $Bad debt expenses Credit $
to determine the amount of bad debt expense that must be adjusted, we must subtract the estimated balance in December 31 from the balance in November 30 = $9,919 - $9,450 = $469. Since the November 30 amount is larger, it means that we over estimated our bad debt expense and it must be reduced:
Dr Allowance for doubtful accounts 469
Cr Accounts receivable 469
Lincoln Corporation used the following data to evaluate their current operating system. The company sells items for $12 each and used a budgeted selling price of $12 per unit. Actual Budgeted Units sold 48,000 units 34,000 units Variable costs $170,000 $156,000 Fixed costs $42,000 $57,000 What is the static−budget variance of operating income?
Answer:
Static−budget variance of operating income is $169,000F
Explanation:
Actual Budgetet
Sales $576,000 $408,000 $168,000
Variable cost $170,000 $156,000 $14,000
Contribution margin $406,000 $252,000 $154,000
Less: Fixed cost $42,000 $57,000 -$15,000
Net Income / (Loss) $364,000 $195,000 $169,000 Favourable
Workings
Sales: Actual 48,000 units * $12= 576,000
Budgeted 34,000 units * $12= 408,000
Andrea Apple opened Apple Photography on January 1 of the current year. During January, the following transactions occurred and were recorded in the company's books:
1. Andrea invested $13,500 cash in the business.
2. Andrea contributed $20,000 of photography equipment to the business.
3. The company paid $2,100 cash for an insurance policy covering the next 24 months.
4. The company received $5,700 cash for services provided during January.
5. The company purchased $6,200 of office equipment on credit.
6. The company provided $2,750 of services to customers on account.
7. The company paid cash of $1,500 for monthly rent.
8. The company paid $3,100 on the office equipment purchased in transaction #5 above.
9. Paid $275 cash for January utilities.
Based on this information, the balance in the A. Apple, Capital account reported on the Statement of Owner's Equity at the end of the month would be:__________.
a. $31,400.
b. $39,200.
c. $31,150.
d. $40,175.
e. $30,875.
Answer:
2356
Explanation:
3546478967654322 321
The Fridge-Air Company's preferred stock pays a dividend of $4.50 per share annually. If the required rate of return on comparable quality preferred stocks is 14 percent, calculate the value of Fridge-Air's preferred stock.
Answer:
Present value = $32.1428 rounded off to $32.14
Explanation:
The preferred stock is a stock that pays a constant dividend and after equal interval of time for an indefinite period. Thus, it is like a perpetuity. The formula for the present value of perpetuity is,
Present value = Cash flow / r
Where,
r is the required rate of returnIn case pf preferred stock, the cash flow is the dividend paid by the preferred stock.
So, the value of the preferred stock is,
Present Value = 4.5 / 0.14
Present value = $32.1428 rounded off to $32.14
4. Operating Cash Flow [L02] In comparing accounting net income and operating cash flow, name two items you typically find in net income that are not in operating cash flow. Explain what each is and why it is excluded in operating cash flow.
Answer:
1. Depreciation or Amortization of Assets
2.Profit or Loss on sale of Assets
Explanation:
Operating Cash Flow is very different to Net Income. The earlier represent cash movement and the latter represent profit movement.Cash and profit literally are different.
So in the profit calculation you would find some non-cash items that include estimate of depreciation expense or amortization cost of intangible assets or a profit or loss on sale of a PPE item.
Whereas in Operating Cash Flow determination only cash items are considered and all non-cash items are removed from profit of the year to reach an amount of Operating Cash Flow.
Jing and Tim have parking spaces next to each other at the apartment complex where they live. Tim claims that Jing dented his car when she was driving out of her space. They are negotiating with each other, trying to resolve this dispute. This type of negotiation tends to (select one):________
be adversarial.
look to the past.
be interest-based.
all of the above.
two of the above.
none of the
Answer:
be interest-based
Explanation:
An interest based negotiation is the one that that parties involved seek a win-win resolution to their dispute. In this type of negotiation, the position of both parties are carefully explored so that a mutually beneficial agreement will be reached.
The disputants in this type of negotiation focus on settling their dispute amicably, such that no one losses. The interest of each party is protected here.
With regard to the above, Jing and Tim is trying to resolve their dispute through an interest based negotiation.
can target costing be applied to the banking industry in Ghana
Answer:
The banking industry in Ghana can introduce target costing. However, its application is much more difficult due to the nature of banking services.
Introducing target costing in the banking industry in Ghana will eliminate non-value adding activities that increase the cost of banking in Ghana. It will enable Ghanaian customers to be charged competitive prices for the banking services that are rendered to them, with no more room for process wastages. The quality of services will increase coupled with lowered costs. The service processes will be improved as they will be more focused on the customers, and less on the staff, as it currently obtains in Ghana.
However, the nature of banking services makes introduction of target costing somehow difficult. These characteristics of banking services include: a) the production and consumption of banking services are coincidental, as the services are consumed when they are being produced; b) banking services are not storable like goods; c) banking services are not comparable, one unit to another; d) banking services are not tangible; e) ownership of banking services is not transferable; and f) there is not market price for banking services, except the price limits imposed by regulatory bodies.
Explanation:
Target costing in the banking industry in Ghana will take the form of first determining the market price for services that are acceptable to customers, establishing a target profit, and then designing banking services in such a manner that the costs do not exceed the target costs. The target cost will be the variance between the market price of a banking service and the target profit.
Shelton Co. purchased a parcel of land six years ago for $871,500. At that time, the firm invested $143,000 in grading the site so that it would be usable. Since the firm wasn't ready to use the site itself at that time, it decided to lease the land for $53,000 a year. The company is now considering building a warehouse on the site as the rental lease is expiring. The current value of the land is $923,000. What value should be included in the initial cost of the warehouse project for the use of this land
Answer:
$923,000
Explanation:
In order to determine the value included in the initial investment of a new project, we must use the opportunity cost of the land. In this case, the opportunity cost of using the land equals its current market value = $923,000.
When considering and evaluating this new project, all prior costs are considered sunk costs because they cannot be recovered.
If the yield curve is upward sloping, then short-term debt will be cheaper than long-term debt. Thus, if a firm's CFO expects the yield curve to continue to have an upward slope, this would tend to cause the current ratio to be relatively low, other things held constant.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
As per the given situation, if the yield curve is sloping upwards, it indicates that short-term interest rates are smaller than long-term interest rates.
In this case the bonds have an opposite relationship between the bond price and interest rates and If the short-term rates are lower then the value of the short-term bonds which includes the current liabilities, is higher. Short term bonds are loans to be settled in one.
As we know that
Current ratio = Current assets - Current liabilities
Current liabilities include short-term debt, hence the short-term value is higher as a result of a low current ratio.
Therefore the given statement is true
Demarco Lee invested $25,000 in the Camden & Sayler partnership for ownership equity of $25,000. Prior to the investment, equipment was revalued to a market value of $222,000 from a book value of $180,000. Kevin Camden and Chloe Sayler share net income in a 1:3 ratio. Required: a. Provide the journal entry for the revaluation of equipment. For a compound transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. b. Provide the journal entry to admit Lee.
Answer and Explanation:
The Journal entry is shown below:-
Equipment Dr, $42,000 ($222,000 - $180,000)
To Kevin Camden-Capital $10,500 ($42,000 × 1 ÷ (1 + 3))
To Chloe Sayler-Capital $31,500 ($42,000 × 3 ÷ (1 + 3))
(Being revaluation of equipment is credited)
Here we debited the equipment as it increased the assets and we credited the Kevin Camden-Capital and Chloe Sayler-Capital as it also increased the equity
2. Cash Dr, $25,000
To Demarco Lee-Capital $25,000
(Being admission is recorded)
Here we debited the cash as it increased the assets and we credited the Demarco Lee-Capital as it also increased the equity
Marshall has received an inheritance and wants to invest a sum of money today that will yield $5,400 at the end of each of the next 10 years. Assuming he can earn an interest rate of 5% compounded annually, how much of his inheritance must he invest today
Answer:
$3,315.13
Explanation:
To determine the amount of inheritance Marshall should invest today, we have to calculate the present value of $5,400.
PV = FV (1 + r)^-n
FV = Future value = $5,400
P = Present value
R = interest rate 5%
N = number of years 10
$5400(1.05^-10) = $3,315.13
I hope my answer helps you
One of the most useful applications of business statistics involves comparing two samples to examine whether a difference between them is significant or more likely due to chance variation from one sample to the next.1. True2. False
Answer: True
Explanation:
Using the p-value (probability of error) approach to hypothesis testing, business analysts are able to compare two samples to see if they are statistically significant or just different by chance.
They compare the data between the two samples and express a p-value. They also set a significance level with the logic being that if the p-value is below the significance level then the difference between the samples is significant.
For example, with a significance level of 0.05, a p-value below this would mean that the difference is significant.
Determining the worst payoff for each alternative and choosing the alternative with the "best worst" is the criterion called: Multiple Choice minimin. maximin. maximax. maximum likelihood. Bayes decision rule.
Answer: Maximin
Explanation:
With a Maximin strategy, a player in Game theory will aim to pick the alternative that yields the best payoff out of the worst payoffs that are possible.
First the worst pay-offs are determined and then the one that looks the best out of them is selected. The logic here is that the costs associated with the worst outcomes are less. So the person picks this outcome in other to reduce their costs but at the same time picking the best alternative that gives them the most savings on cost.
In response to the financial crisis that began in 2007, the government began to bail out banks deemed "too big to fail." Critics of this action argued that this would create the prospect of future bailouts and encourage banks to be fiscally irresponsible in the future. This illustrates
Answer:
The moral hazard problem
Explanation:
Moral hazard problem is defined as a situation where a party gets involved in a risky venture knowing that another party will incur the cost of failure.
For example if a borrower knows that he can take borrowed funds and default easily, he will tend to not pay back because the lender will bear the loss.
During the the financial crisis that began in 2007, the government began to bail out banks deemed "too big to fail."
This created fiscal irresponsibility in banks that knew if they are at risk of failing they will be bailed out by the government.
Charlie’s Furniture Store has been in business for several years. The firm's owners have described the store as a "high-price, high-service" operation that provides lots of assistance to its customers. Margin has averaged a relatively high 34% per year for several years, but turnover has been a relatively low 0.4 based on average total assets of $800,000. A discount furniture Store is about to open in the area served by Charlie's, and management is considering lowering prices to compete effectively.Required:a. Calculate current sales and ROI for Charlie’s Furniture Store. (Round your "ROI" to 1 decimal place.)b. Assuming that the new strategy would reduce margin to 20%, and assuming that average total assets would stay the same, calculate the sales that would be required to have the same ROI as Charlie’s currently earns. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)c. Suppose you presented the results of your analysis in parts a and b of this problem to Charlie, and he replied, "What are you telling me? If I reduce my prices as planned, then I have to practically double my sales volume to earn the same return?" Given the results of your analysis, what is the actual amount of increase in sales required? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)d. Now suppose Charlie says, "You know, I'm not convinced that lowering prices is my only option in staying competitive. What if I were to increase my marketing effort? I'm thinking about kicking off a new advertising campaign after conducting more extensive market research to better identify who my target customer groups are." In general, explain to Charlie what the likely impact of a successful strategy of this nature would be on margin, turnover, and ROI.
Answer:
a. Calculate current sales and ROI for Charlie’s Furniture Store.
asset turnover formula = net sales / average assets
0.4 = net sales / $800,000
net sales = $320,000
ROI = net income / investment
net income = $320,000 x 34% = $108,800
ROI = $108,800 / $800,000 = 13.6%
b. Assuming that the new strategy would reduce margin to 20%, and assuming that average total assets would stay the same, calculate the sales that would be required to have the same ROI as Charlie’s currently earns.
net income = net sales x 20% (new margin)
net sales = $108,800 / 20% = $544,000
c. Suppose you presented the results of your analysis in parts a and b of this problem to Charlie, and he replied, "What are you telling me? If I reduce my prices as planned, then I have to practically double my sales volume to earn the same return?" Given the results of your analysis, what is the actual amount of increase in sales required?
sales increase = ($544,000 - $320,000) / $320,000 = 70% increase
d. Now suppose Charlie says, "You know, I'm not convinced that lowering prices is my only option in staying competitive. What if I were to increase my marketing effort? I'm thinking about kicking off a new advertising campaign after conducting more extensive market research to better identify who my target customer groups are." In general, explain to Charlie what the likely impact of a successful strategy of this nature would be on margin, turnover, and ROI.
An extensive market research and a "successful" marketing campaign are generally expensive. Even if the marketing campaign is really successful in increasing sales, costs would also increase. So the equation may or may not change, depending if the contribution margin of the additional units sold will be able to cover the expenses of a complex marketing campaign. If you spend $100 to earn $100 more, your situation hasn't changed at all. Which means that net income may or may not increase, therefore, the profit margin, ROI and asset turnover may not change.
A company has net income of $7.10 million. Stockholders' equity at the beginning of the year is $35.05 million and, at the end of the year, it is $43.15 million. The only change to stockholders' equity came from net income. The return on equity ratio is approximately:
Answer:
Return on equity ratio 18.16%
Explanation:
Calculation for the return on equity ratio
This first step is to find the Average stock holder equity.
Using this formula
Average stock holder equity =Beginning stock holder equity + ending stock holder /2
Let plug in the formula
Average stock holder equity=$35.02+$43.15/2
Average stock holder equity =$78.17/2
Average stock holder equity =$39.085
Second step is to calculate for the return on equity ratio
Using this formula
Return on equity ratio=NET INCOME/STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
let plug in the formula
Return on equity ratio=$7.10/$39.085
Return on equity ratio=0.18165 ×100
Return on equity ratio=18.16%
Therefore The return on equity ratio is approximately 18.16%
Kramer Manufacturing produces blenders. Its total fixed costs are $30,000. Its variable costs are $55.00 per blender. As production of blenders increases (within the relevant range), fixed costs will
Answer:
As the production of blenders increases, unitary fixed costs decreases.
Explanation:
Its total fixed costs are $30,000. Its variable costs are $55.00 per blender.
On unitary bases, variable costs remain constant. On the contrary, fixed costs vary at a unitary level. Now, the same amount of costs is divided by a larger number of units.
As the production of blenders increases, unitary fixed costs decreases.
Disposal of Fixed Asset Equipment acquired on January 6 at a cost of $287,000, has an estimated useful life of 8 years and an estimated residual value of $37,400. a. What was the annual amount of depreciation for the Years 1-3 using the straight-line method of depreciation?
Answer:
Instructions are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Purchasing cost= $287,000
Useful life= 8 years
Estimated residual value= $37,400
To calculate the annual depreciation under the straight-line method, we need to use the following formula:
Annual depreciation= (original cost - salvage value)/estimated life (years)
Annual depreciation= (287,000 - 37,400) / 8
Annual depreciation= $31,200
Depreciation remains constant during the useful life of the asset.
We can calculate exactly the annual depreciation for the first year.
Year 1= (31,200/365)*360= $30,772.60
Future value with periodic rates. Matt Johnson delivers newspapers and is putting away $18 at the end of each month from his paper route collections. Matt is 12 years old and will use the money when he goes to college in 6 years. What will be the value of Matt's account in 6 years with his monthly payments if he is earning 6% (APR), 8 % (APR), or 14 % (APR)? What will be the value of Matt's account in 6 years with his monthly payments if he is earning 6% (APR)?
Answer:
$1,555.36
$1656.48
$2013.57
Explanation:
The formula for calculating future value = A (B / r)
B = [(1 + r)^ nm] - 1
FV = Future value
P = Present value
R =Monthly interest rate interest rate
N = number of years
1. 6% APR
$18[ (1 + 0.005)^72 - 1] / 0.005 = $1,555.36
2. 8% APR
$18[ (1 + 0,006667)^72 - 1] / 0.00667 = $1656.48
3. 14% APR
$18[ (1 + 0.011667)^72 - 1] / 0.011667= $2013.57
Mountain Top Markets has total assets of $48,700, net working capital of $1,100, and retained earnings of $21,200. The firm has 12,500 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1 per share and a market value of $7.10 per share. The stock was originally issued to the firm's founders at par value. What is the market-to-book ratio
Answer: 2.63
Explanation:
The Market to Book ratio is also referred to as the price to book ratio. It is a financial evaluation of the market value of a company relative to its book value. It should be noted that the market value is current stock price of every outstanding shares that the company has while the book value is the amount that the company will have left after its assets have been liquidated and all liabilities have been repaid.
The market-to-book ratio will be the market price per share divided by the book value. It should be noted that the book value per share is the net worth of the business divided by the number of outstanding shares. The book value will be:
= [(12500 ×1) + $21200]/12500
= ($12500 + $21200)/$12500
= $33700/12500
=$2.70
The market-to-book ratio will now be:
= $7.10/$2.70
=2.63
OS Environmental provides cost-effective solutions for managing regulatory requirements and environmental needs specific to the airline industry. Assume that on July 1 the company issues a one-year note for the amount of $5.2 million. Interest is payable at maturity.
Determine the amount of interest expense that should be recorded in a year-end adjusting entry under each of the following independent assumptions:
Interest rate Fiscal year-end Interest expense
12% December 31
10% September 30
9% October 31
6% January 31
Answer:
In accrual basis accounting, expenses are recorded in the period when their matching revenues are obtained.
In this case, even if the full interest will be paid at maturity, interest expense will still be recorded in each period according to the information that we are given in the question.
Interest expense to be recorded by December 31
5,200,000 * 0.12 = 624,000 / 2 = 312,000
Interest expense to be recorded by September 30
5,200,000 * 0.10 = 520,000 * 3/12 = 130,000
Interest expense to be recorded by October 31
5,200,000 * 0.09 = 468,000 * 4/12 = 156,000
Interest expense to be recorded by January 31
5,200,000 * 0.06 = 312,000 * 7/12 = 182,000
Most Company has an opportunity to invest in one of two new projects. Project Y requires a $345,000 investment for new machinery with a six-year life and no salvage value. Project Z requires a $345,000 investment for new machinery with a five-year life and no salvage value. The two projects yield the following predicted annual results. The company uses straight-line depreciation, and cash flows occur evenly throughout each year. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1 and PVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)
Project Y Project Z
Sales $ 360,000 $ 288,000
Expenses
Direct materials 50,400 36,000
Direct labor 72,000 43,200
Overhead including depreciation 129,600 129,600
Selling and administrative expenses 26,000 26,000
Total expenses 278,000 234,800
Pretax income 82,000 53,200
Income taxes (38%) 31,160 20,216
Net income $ 50,840 $ 32,984
Compute each projectâs annual expected net cash flows.
Project Y Project Z
Determine each projectâs payback period.
Payback Period
Choose Numerator: / Choose Denominator: = Payback Period
/ = Payback period
Project Y =
Project Z =
Compute each projectâs accounting rate of return.
Accounting Rate of Return
Choose Numerator: / Choose Denominator: = Accounting Rate of Return
/ = Accounting rate of return
Project Y
Project Z
Determine each projectâs net present value using 6% as the discount rate. Assume that cash flows occur at each year-end. (Round your intermediate calculations.)
Project Y
Chart values are based on:
n =
i =
Select Chart Amount x PV Factor = Present Value
=
Net present value
Project Z
Chart values are based on:
n =
i =
Select Chart Amount x PV Factor = Present Value
=
Net present value
Answer:
Project Y Project Z
(6 years) (5 years)
investment: -$345,000 -$345,000
cash flows:
net income after taxes $50,840 $32,984
+ depreciation expense $57,500 $69,000
net cash flow per year = $108,340 $101,984
payback period:
investment / NCF = 3.18 years 3.38 years
accounting rate or return:
net income / investment = 14.74% 9.56%
net present value:
NCFs discounted at 6% = $187,743 $84,594
Project Y lasts for 6 years, while project Z lasts for only 5 years, that is the reason why there NPVs are so different.