The Supreme Court of Appeal judgment in Gihwala v Graney Property Ltd [2016] 2 All SA
649 (SCA) by a full bench elucidated on the requirements for delinquency. The appeal concerned, inter alia, relief against an order granted in the Western Cape High Court in declaring two directors in question delinquent in terms of section 162 of the Act. The directors sought for their own personal enrichment to the detriment of their company, upon entering into a transaction to secure a 58% interest in a Special Vehicle Company, which had been incorporated by a property loan stock company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for the purpose of expanding their shareholder base within the black community for Black Economic Empowerment Purposes. They used repaid amounts of loans to their company to invest in a separate business venture to secure 50% profit; issued payment to themselves of the full amount of the first dividend received from the SPV in excess of R5 million; issued director's fees of R750 000 each from the SPV to the detriment of SM/; issued director's fees of R2. 75 million from SM/ together with surety fees in excess of R1 million.
2.3 Discuss the grounds on which the directors could be declared delinquent and
the consequences of such a declaration for them.

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Answer 1

The directors could be declared delinquent on the grounds that they sought personal enrichment at the expense of the company and engaged in activities that were contrary to the interests of the company.

The consequences of such a declaration for them include being disqualified from serving as directors of any company for a period of up to seven years. This means that they cannot manage or participate in the management of any company during this period.Additionally, they may be held personally liable for damages suffered by the company as a result of their delinquent conduct.

They may also be required to repay any amounts that they gained as a result of their delinquent conduct.This declaration of delinquency may also impact their professional reputation and make it difficult for them to secure employment in the future. It can also impact their ability to secure loans or financing for their personal or professional needs as well.

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Which of the following is produced by a nonprofit volunteer organization whose goal is to enhance the sharing of knowledge and ideas about digital forensics research?
A) Forensic Toolkit
B) TEMPEST program
C) Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE)
D) Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS) framework

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The correct option is D) Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS) framework.What is Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS) framework? The Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS) framework is created by a non-profit volunteer organization whose aim is to encourage the exchange of knowledge and ideas on digital forensics research.

It is a systematic approach to digital forensics that is designed to make it easier for researchers to share information and collaborate on projects. This framework is used by forensic analysts, researchers, and academics around the world to conduct digital forensic investigations and research. The framework includes guidelines for procedures and techniques that are used in digital forensic investigations and research projects.Therefore, the correct option is D) Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS) framework.

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Who is on the Foreign Relations Committee?

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Answer:

As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, the composition of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee can change over time, as it is dependent on the senators appointed by their respective parties. Therefore, I cannot provide you with an up-to-date list of members.

To find the current members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, I recommend visiting the official website of the United States Senate or conducting a search on a trusted political news website. These sources will provide you with the most recent information on the committee's members, including the chairman, ranking member, and other senators serving on the committee.

Explanation:

formal rules like minimum wage laws, insurance requirements, and worker safety requirements are examples of institutions that influence the aggregate .

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Formal rules such as minimum wage laws, insurance requirements, and worker safety requirements are examples of institutions that influence the aggregate, or overall, functioning of an economy.

These rules are typically put in place by governments or regulatory bodies to establish standards and promote certain outcomes in areas such as labor markets, social welfare, and business practices.

Minimum wage laws, for instance, set a floor on the wages that employers must pay to their workers, ensuring a minimum level of income and potentially reducing income inequality. Insurance requirements mandate that individuals or businesses obtain specific types of insurance coverage to protect against potential risks and liabilities. Worker safety requirements aim to protect employees from hazards in the workplace, ensuring their well-being and reducing the incidence of workplace accidents or injuries.

These formal rules and institutions can have significant effects on various aspects of the economy. Minimum wage laws, for example, can impact labor market dynamics, wage levels, and income distribution. Insurance requirements can provide financial security and stability for individuals and businesses, while worker safety requirements can improve workplace conditions and productivity.

By establishing these formal rules, governments and regulatory bodies seek to create a framework that promotes fairness, social welfare, economic stability, and sustainable development. However, the effectiveness and impact of these institutions can vary depending on factors such as enforcement mechanisms, compliance rates, economic conditions, and societal factors.


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Musical Tones, Inc., sells fifty MP3 players to Noise Stores, Inc. To avoid liability for most implied warranties, Musical should state in writing that the players are sold

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Musical Tones, Inc., sells fifty MP3 players to Noise Stores, Inc. To avoid liability for most implied warranties, Musical should state in writing that the players are sold "as is."

Sellers of goods in the United States are held to certain implied warranties unless they specifically disclaim them. For example, the implied warranty of merchantability requires that goods be of a certain quality and free from defects that would make them unfit for ordinary use. The implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose applies when a buyer relies on a seller's expertise to provide the appropriate goods. To avoid liability for most implied warranties, Musical should state in writing that the players are sold "as is." This means that the buyer is taking the goods in their present condition and assumes the risk if they turn out to be defective or not of the quality they expected.

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the ___________ is the provision that deals with state laws that change the parties' performance obligations under an existing agreement after that contract has been made.

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The provision that deals with state laws changing the parties' performance obligations under an existing agreement is called the "modification provision."

The modification provision is a contractual clause that addresses the situation when state laws modify the performance obligations of the parties after a contract has been formed. It serves as a mechanism for addressing changes in legal requirements that may affect the parties' contractual obligations.

State laws can evolve over time, introducing new regulations or altering existing ones. These changes may impact the performance obligations of the parties involved in a contract. The modification provision provides a framework for how such changes will be handled within the existing agreement. It outlines the process, conditions, and requirements for modifying the contract in response to changes in state laws.

The purpose of the modification provision is to ensure that the parties can adapt to legal changes while still maintaining the enforceability and integrity of the contract. It helps prevent misunderstandings, disputes, or breaches of contract that may arise when state laws impact the original terms and conditions. By including a modification provision in a contract, the parties can proactively address potential future changes in legal requirements and maintain a mutually beneficial relationship.

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a. is a more convenient location to hold the trial. b. has jurisdiction. c. has a sufficient stake in the matter. d. has sufficient minimum contacts with the parties.

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The answer is d. has sufficient minimum contacts with the parties.

When determining which court has jurisdiction over a case, one of the factors to consider is whether the court has sufficient minimum contacts with the parties involved. This concept is derived from the principle of due process, which ensures that a court's exercise of jurisdiction is fair and reasonable. The minimum contacts requirement means that the court must have some connection or relationship with the parties or the subject matter of the case to assert jurisdiction.

For a court to have sufficient minimum contacts, it generally means that the parties or the actions giving rise to the case have some connection to the geographic jurisdiction of that court. This connection could be based on factors such as where the parties reside, where the events giving rise to the case occurred, or where the alleged harm or injury took place. The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that the court has a reasonable basis to assert authority over the case and that it is not imposing its jurisdiction arbitrarily or unfairly.

By having sufficient minimum contacts, the court can establish a legitimate connection to the case and the parties involved, ensuring that it is the appropriate venue for hearing and resolving the matter at hand.

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True or False. The hierarchy rule counts only the most serious crime in an incident involving multiple crimes.

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The statement that says "the hierarchy rule counts only the most serious crime in an incident involving multiple crimes" is true.

What is a hierarchy? The hierarchy refers to the degree or importance of various crimes. When a situation involves multiple offenses, only the most serious charge is considered under the hierarchy rule. Other offenses that may have occurred at the same time are counted as supplementary, regardless of their significance.The hierarchy rule is used by law enforcement to ensure that the most serious offense is prioritized in criminal investigations. This is why it is considered essential in the legal profession.What is the significance of the hierarchy rule? The hierarchy rule is important since it helps to allocate resources for investigations effectively.

Additionally, it ensures that investigations are focused on the most significant criminal activities, leading to better outcomes in court cases. Furthermore, the hierarchy rule aids in determining sentences, especially in situations where numerous offenses have been committed by the same person.In summary, it's accurate to state that the hierarchy rule only considers the most serious crime in an event involving multiple offenses. Therefore, the statement is true.

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compared to the watchman style of policing, the legalistic style uses much more discretion. true false

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The statement is false. The legalistic style of policing does not use much more discretion compared to the watchman style.

The watchman style of policing and the legalistic style are two distinct approaches to law enforcement. The watchman style is characterized by a focus on maintaining order and resolving conflicts informally, often in communities where social disorder is prevalent. This style allows for more discretion in handling minor offenses and emphasizes maintaining peace rather than strict adherence to legal statutes.

On the other hand, the legalistic style of policing places a strong emphasis on enforcing the law and adhering to legal procedures. It aims to ensure that all individuals are held accountable for their actions according to established laws and regulations. This style typically leaves less room for discretion, as officers are expected to follow standardized protocols and enforce laws uniformly and objectively.

Therefore, it is incorrect to claim that the legalistic style of policing uses much more discretion compared to the watchman style. In fact, the legalistic style focuses on reducing discretion and prioritizing legal adherence and formal enforcement practices.

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the right to free speech is considered (check all that apply) positive right

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The right to free speech is considered as a positive right. A positive right is a legal claim that is available to the citizens. It is an affirmative right that is conferred by the state or a government to its citizens.

It is considered as a right because it can be enforced. A positive right enables citizens to demand something from their government. Freedom of speech is a positive right because it allows people to express their opinions or views about issues. It is also one of the fundamental human rights that are protected by international law.

Freedom of speech is considered a universal right that belongs to every person. It is the foundation of democracy and the cornerstone of every free society. It is essential for promoting and protecting human dignity and it is a powerful tool for social change.

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what is an important consideration regarding the minimum wage provision of the fair labor standards act?

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The fair labor standards act (FLSA) is a federal labor law that establishes the minimum wage, overtime pay, record keeping, and youth employment standards affecting employees in the private and public sectors.

What is an important consideration regarding the minimum wage provision of the fair labor standards act? The following are important considerations regarding the minimum wage provision of the fair labor standards act (FLSA):1. The FLSA has a minimum wage requirement that must be followed by all employers. The minimum wage rate is established by the federal government, which means that it is the same across the United States.2. The minimum wage rate is subject to change over time as determined by the federal government.3. The FLSA applies to most employees, but there are certain exemptions for specific types of employees, such as agricultural workers and independent contractors.

4. The FLSA also allows for certain exceptions to the minimum wage rate for tipped employees, such as servers and bartenders, who receive a lower minimum wage but must earn a certain amount in tips to make up the difference.5. The FLSA also provides for different minimum wage rates for youth workers, such as those under the age of 20 who are in their first 90 days of employment.6. States may have their minimum wage rate, which can be higher than the federal rate, and employers must follow the higher rate.If you were looking for a more specific consideration, then the most important consideration is the minimum wage requirement established by the FLSA, which all employers must comply with.

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which level of goenment provides regulations for birth, death, marriage, and diveroce

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The level of government that provides regulations for birth, death, marriage, and divorce is the state or provincial government.

In the United States, for example, each state has its own laws and regulations regarding these areas. States create laws regarding birth, death, marriage, and divorce, which are known as family laws.

In the United States, the federal government does not have specific regulations governing marriage, divorce, and family law. As previously mentioned, these are state and provincial issues. As a result, states have their own laws regarding family law, which can vary widely. State laws are frequently regulated by the courts and the state legislatures.

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Which clause of the United States Constitution provides that the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the U.S. constitute the supreme law of the land? Multiple Choice The Fift Amendment Due Process Clouse The Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause The Supremacy Clause The Commerce Clause Multipie Choice The Fifh Amendment Due Process Clause The Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause The Supremacy Clause The Commerce Clause The Privileges and Immunities Clause

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The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution provides that the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the U.S. constitute the supreme law of the land.

The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the United States Constitution that establishes the supremacy of the Constitution itself, federal statutes, and treaties over state law, as well as the supremacy of the federal government over the states. The Clause is based on the idea that a national government that is supreme in its constitutional sphere must be able to act in that sphere without being restricted by laws adopted by individual states.The Supremacy Clause is contained in Article VI of the Constitution. It states that: “This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”

In summary, the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution establishes that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the supreme law of the land, meaning that they take precedence over state laws and even state constitutions. It is an essential part of the Constitution that ensures that the federal government can function effectively without being impeded by state laws.

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if a licensee sells a property he/she owns without another licensee involved and writes the terms of the agreement accepted by the purchaser

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If a licensee sells a property he/she owns without another licensee involved and writes the terms of the agreement accepted by the purchaser, it's referred to as a "For Sale By Owner" (FSBO) transaction.

It's essential to note that the sale of real estate involves a lot of paperwork. It is, therefore, critical to do it properly, regardless of who is involved in the transaction.The licensee, in this case, has to follow the rules and regulations of their state regarding the transaction of real estate. The property owner can set the terms and conditions of the purchase agreement for the FSBO transaction, including the price of the property.

However, it is crucial to follow all legal requirements, such as disclosures of defects in the property. In addition, the licensee must ensure that the purchaser understands what they're purchasing and that the documentation is legally binding.

In conclusion, when a licensee sells a property that they own without involving another licensee and writes the terms of the agreement that are agreed upon by the purchaser, it is known as an FSBO transaction. However, the licensee must comply with the legal requirements of their state regarding the sale of real estate.

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What regulatory agency would be responsible for the approval of a new anti-anxiety drug similar to Diazepam.
A. CIA
B. DEA
C. FDA
D. OBRA

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The regulatory agency that would be responsible for the approval of a new anti-anxiety drug similar to Diazepam is C.

FDA (Food and Drug Administration).What is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that is responsible for regulating and supervising the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, food, cosmetics, and other products that have an impact on the public's health.

It is in charge of ensuring that these products are safe for human consumption and use before they are sold to the general public, including the approval of new medications.The FDA regulates and approves new prescription drugs in the United States, including anti-anxiety medications like Diazepam.

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What is freedom of speech and expression state the reasonable restrictions and explain with relevant case laws?

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Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental right that allows individuals to express their thoughts, opinions, and ideas without censorship or restraint. However, like any other right, it is subject to reasonable restrictions to protect the interests of public order, morality, national security, and the rights and reputations of others.

Freedom of speech and expression is a cornerstone of democratic societies, guaranteeing citizens the right to voice their opinions and engage in open dialogue. It enables the free exchange of ideas, promotes diversity, and facilitates social progress. However, there are certain limitations imposed on this right to strike a balance between individual freedom and the broader interests of society.

Reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech and expression may include preventing hate speech, incitement to violence, defamation, obscenity, sedition, and promoting public disorder. These restrictions are essential to maintain social harmony and protect the rights and dignity of others.

Relevant case laws highlight the application of reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech and expression. For instance, in the landmark case of Schenck v. United States (1919), the US Supreme Court ruled that speech creating a "clear and present danger" could be limited. Similarly, in the case of New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court established the "actual malice" standard for defamation against public officials.

Overall, while freedom of speech and expression is a vital right, it is not absolute. Reasonable restrictions serve to balance individual liberties with the legitimate concerns of society. These restrictions ensure that the exercise of free speech does not infringe upon the rights of others or jeopardize public welfare.

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A __________________ investigation report is prepared by a probation officer who investigates a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence.

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A pre-sentence investigation report is prepared by a probation officer who investigates a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence.

What is a pre-sentence investigation report? A pre-sentence investigation report is a document prepared by a probation officer that assists the judge in determining the most appropriate sentence for a defendant who has been found guilty of a crime. A pre-sentence investigation report contains information on the defendant's background, including their criminal history, family, education, employment history, and mental health.The report is used by the judge to determine the defendant's level of responsibility for the crime, the likelihood of recidivism, and the type of sentence that will be most effective in rehabilitating the defendant and protecting society.

A pre-sentence investigation report is crucial to the sentencing process because it helps ensure that the sentence is appropriate to the crime and the defendant's individual circumstances. It can also help prevent judges from imposing overly harsh sentences that do not take into account the defendant's potential for rehabilitation.

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see andrew mcwhorter, a congressional edifice: reexamining the statutory landscape of mandatory arbitration, 52 colum. j.l.

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"Andrew McWhorter, a Congressional Edifice: Reexamining the Statutory Landscape of Mandatory Arbitration" is an article published in the 52nd volume of the Columbia Journal of Law.

The article authored by Andrew McWhorter delves into the topic of mandatory arbitration and critically analyzes the statutory framework surrounding it. Mandatory arbitration is a dispute resolution process where parties are required to submit their claims to arbitration instead of pursuing litigation in court. This article likely explores the legal landscape and challenges associated with mandatory arbitration, examining the relevant statutes and regulations governing this practice.

The author may examine the effectiveness and fairness of mandatory arbitration, discussing its advantages and disadvantages from a legal perspective. The article might explore the impact of mandatory arbitration on access to justice, the potential bias in favor of corporations, and the implications for individual rights. It could also propose potential reforms or suggest alternative approaches to address the concerns surrounding mandatory arbitration.

To gain a comprehensive understanding of the arguments and insights presented in Andrew McWhorter's article, it would be beneficial to read the full text. This will provide a deeper analysis of the statutory landscape of mandatory arbitration, the author's perspectives, and any proposed solutions or recommendations put forth. #SPJ11

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Which of the following limits shareholders' ability to bring class action suits against nationally traded companies? The Class Prohibition Act of 1997 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 The Market Reform Act of 1990

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The Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 limits shareholders' ability to bring class action suits against nationally traded companies.

The Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act (SLUSA) of 1998 is a law that limits shareholders' ability to bring class action suits against nationally traded companies. To protect companies against frivolous shareholder lawsuits, the act provides for a mandatory stay on state court litigation that qualifies as a "covered class action" as defined in the act.

In addition, the act extends the scope of protection afforded by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA) of 1995 to companies whose securities are not actively traded on national exchanges. The act intends to stop plaintiffs from bringing meritless state class action lawsuits in order to avoid the federal protections and provisions of the PSLRA.

The Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act was signed into law on November 3, 1998, by President Bill Clinton.

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in a chemical reaction matter is neither created not destroeyd. which law does this refer to

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The statement that "in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed" refers to the Law of Conservation of Mass.

This law, also known as the Law of Conservation of Matter, states that the total mass of substances involved in a chemical reaction remains constant before and after the reaction. In other words, the mass of the reactants (the substances present before the reaction) is equal to the mass of the products (the substances formed as a result of the reaction).

While chemical reactions can result in the rearrangement of atoms and the formation of new compounds, the total number of atoms of each element remains the same, leading to the conservation of mass.

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Complete question:

In a chemical reaction matter is neither created not destroyed. which law does this refer to?

randy is a sales agent representing a seller under a listing agreement. raul knows that the house has plumbing problems but tells a buyer that the house has no problems. which if the following is a true statement regarding randy's culpability if the buyer prevails in a suit for statutory fraud?

Answers

Randy may be held liable for the buyer's suit for statutory fraud if he had knowledge of the plumbing problems and failed to disclose them to the buyer.

In this scenario, Randy is a sales agent representing a seller under a listing agreement. Raul, the buyer, is informed by Randy that the house has no plumbing problems, despite Randy's knowledge of the actual issues. If the buyer prevails in a suit for statutory fraud, Randy's culpability will depend on his actions and knowledge regarding the plumbing problems.

Statutory fraud typically refers to the intentional misrepresentation or concealment of material facts with the intention to deceive another party. If Randy had knowledge of the plumbing problems and deliberately withheld this information from the buyer, it could be seen as an act of misrepresentation and concealment. In such cases, Randy could be held accountable for his actions.

Real estate agents have a legal and ethical duty to disclose any known defects or issues with a property to potential buyers. Failing to disclose material information, such as plumbing problems, may violate this duty and expose the agent to liability.

However, it is important to note that the specific laws and regulations regarding real estate vary across jurisdictions. The outcome of the buyer's suit and the extent of Randy's culpability will depend on the applicable laws and the evidence presented in the case.

In summary, if Randy knew about the plumbing problems and intentionally concealed them from the buyer, he may be held liable for the buyer's suit for statutory fraud. Real estate agents have a duty to disclose material information about a property, and failure to do so can result in legal consequences. #SPJ11

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How do we protect sensitive information handled and stored by third party vendors?

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To protect sensitive information handled and stored by third-party vendors, it is essential to establish robust data security measures, including strong contractual agreements, regular audits, encryption, access controls, and ongoing monitoring to ensure compliance with privacy and security standards.

When sensitive information is handled and stored by third-party vendors, there are several steps that can be taken to protect that data. First, it is crucial to establish strong contractual agreements that outline the vendor's responsibility for data security and privacy.

Regular audits should be conducted to assess the vendor's compliance with data protection standards and identify any potential vulnerabilities. This can involve reviewing their security protocols, conducting penetration testing, and assessing their overall data protection practices.

Encryption should be utilized to protect sensitive data both during transit and when stored. This involves converting the data into a coded format that can only be decrypted with the appropriate encryption key, making it difficult for unauthorized individuals to access or interpret the information.

Access controls should be implemented to restrict access to sensitive data to authorized individuals only. This can involve the use of strong authentication methods, such as two-factor authentication, and role-based access controls that limit data access based on job responsibilities.

Ongoing monitoring is essential to detect any unauthorized access or suspicious activities promptly. This can involve implementing intrusion detection systems, logging and analyzing access logs, and using security information and event management (SIEM) tools to identify and respond to potential security incidents.

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True or False. A failure to act can never be considered a tort, even if it causes a loss to or injury to another party.

Answers

False

A tort is a civil wrong where one party has acted or, in some cases, failed to act, and that action or inaction causes a loss to be suffered by another party. The law provides a remedy for one who has suffered an injury by compelling the wrongdoer to pay compensation to the injured party.

Which of the following countries has a family policy that is geared more toward preventing discrimination and less on providing universal family support?the United StatesIcelandNorwaySweden

Answers

The country that has a family policy geared more toward preventing discrimination and less on providing universal family support is Sweden. Option d is correct.

Sweden has been recognized for its progressive family policy that focuses on gender equality and non-discrimination. One key aspect of their policy is the emphasis on shared parental leave, which encourages both mothers and fathers to take time off work to care for their children.

This helps to challenge traditional gender roles and promotes a more equal division of caregiving responsibilities. Sweden also offers generous subsidies for childcare, making it more accessible and affordable for families. Overall, Sweden's family policy prioritizes equal opportunities and reducing discrimination, making it a standout in this area.

Therefore, d is correct.

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A producer who shares commission with a client may be found guilty of: A. Fraud B. Reclining C. Comingling D. Rebating. D. Rebating.

Answers

D. Rebating.

Rebating refers to the act of providing a client with a portion of the commission or compensation that a producer or insurance agent receives in exchange for purchasing an insurance policy. It involves giving back a portion of the commission as an incentive or inducement to the client.

Rebating is generally prohibited in the insurance industry as it can create conflicts of interest, undermine fair competition, and potentially lead to unfair practices. Insurance regulations typically prohibit producers from sharing commissions or providing rebates to clients as it may compromise the producer's objectivity and potentially influence the client's decision-making process.

It's worth noting that the other options mentioned are not applicable to the scenario described. Fraud refers to intentional deception or misrepresentation for personal gain. Reclining is not a recognized term in this context. Comingling refers to the improper mixing of funds or assets.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. Rebating

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courts can give final judgments that solve existing problems; they cannot provide rulings about .

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Courts can give final judgments that solve existing problems; they cannot provide rulings about hypothetical or future scenarios.

The primary role of courts is to adjudicate disputes and provide resolutions for existing legal problems. When parties bring a case before a court, they seek a final judgment that will settle the dispute and provide a legal outcome. Courts carefully consider the facts, evidence, and applicable laws to make decisions that resolve the immediate issues at hand.

However, courts are limited in their jurisdiction and authority. They are bound by the principle of justiciability, which means they can only rule on actual controversies and not issue advisory opinions on hypothetical or abstract matters. Courts cannot provide rulings about speculative future scenarios that have not yet materialized or cases that lack a genuine legal dispute.

The purpose of the judiciary is to interpret and apply existing laws, not to engage in policy-making or provide guidance on hypothetical situations. This distinction ensures that courts maintain their impartiality and preserve the separation of powers within a democratic system.

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african american civil rights victories were the result of what?

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African American civil rights victories were the result of various factors, including.

Grassroots Activism: The Civil Rights Movement, led by African American activists and supported by allies, mobilized and organized protests, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience to demand equal rights and an end to racial segregation and discrimination. This grassroots activism played a crucial role in raising awareness, mobilizing public support, and pressuring lawmakers to enact meaningful change.

Legal Challenges: African American civil rights victories were also achieved through strategic litigation and legal challenges. Landmark court cases, such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which ruled against racial segregation in schools, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, set important legal precedents and helped dismantle systemic racism.

Legislative Reforms: The passage of significant civil rights legislation, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, marked important milestones in securing equal rights for African Americans. These legislative reforms aimed to end racial discrimination and protect voting rights, paving the way for greater equality and opportunities.

Public Opinion and Changing Attitudes: The growing support and shifting public opinion regarding civil rights and racial equality also played a significant role in achieving victories. Increasing awareness and empathy for the struggles faced by African Americans, coupled with the efforts of activists, contributed to changing societal attitudes and creating momentum for change.

Leadership and Advocacy: The leadership of prominent figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, and many others, who advocated for justice, equality, and civil rights, was instrumental in inspiring and guiding the movement. Their tireless efforts and powerful messages helped galvanize support and push for reforms.

It's important to note that the African American civil rights movement was a complex and multifaceted struggle that involved numerous individuals, organizations, and communities working together towards a common goal. The victories achieved were the culmination of collective efforts, sacrifice, and determination in the pursuit of racial equality and justice.

African American civil rights victories were the result of factors such as Grassroots Activism, Legal Challenges, Legislative Reforms, Public Opinion and Changing Attitudes, Leadership and Advocacy.

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True or False: Referring to people who support the women’s right to choose, as "murderers" is an example of the unethical practice referred to as testimonials.

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True: Referring to people who support the women’s right to choose, as "murderers" is an example of the unethical practice referred to as testimonials.

What is the meaning of the term testimonials?

Testimonials are unethical practices that should be avoided. A testimonial refers to the method of persuasion used to convince others about the worth or worthlessness of a product or service by way of endorsements, either by a satisfied customer or an expert. Such endorsements can be dangerous when it comes to their effectiveness, legality, and ethics. Additionally, testimonials are a common form of propaganda and a violation of the basic principles of evidence-based argumentation.

Testimonials are a form of propaganda and a violation of the basic principles of evidence-based argumentation. Referring to people who support the women’s right to choose, as "murderers" is an example of the unethical practice referred to as testimonials.

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What are the "Restatements of Law"?
Group of answer choices
A secondary source of law published by the American Law Institute containing uniform legal principles in various areas of law.
A collection of uniform state laws or model state statutes drafted by legal experts.
A body of precedents created by appellate courts.
The contents of Black's Law Dictionary.
The official publication of federal and state statutory laws.

Answers

A secondary source of law published by the American Law Institute containing uniform legal principles in various areas of law are the "Restatements of Law".

The American Law Institute (ALI) published a number of works under the heading "Restatements of Law." They are secondary sources of law that aim to condense and make clear the common law in various areas of legal doctrine. Although the Restatements do not constitute binding law they have persuasive power because they were written by legal professionals and reflect a consensus of the law.

To assist judges, attorneys and legal scholars in their interpretation and application of the law they offer a thorough analysis of the legal principles, concepts and rules. The Restatements cover a broad range of legal subjects and they are renowned for having influenced the growth of American jurisprudence.

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appeals of louisiana real estate commission findings are reviewable by_____

Answers

Appeals of Louisiana Real Estate Commission findings are reviewable by the courts. The Louisiana Real Estate Commission (LREC) is a state-run regulatory agency that oversees real estate in Louisiana.

The Louisiana Real Estate Commission's main goal is to protect the public interest in real estate transactions and ensure that all licensees comply with the law. The commission achieves its goals through licensing, education, and regulation of real estate professionals, as well as enforcing the Louisiana Real Estate License Law.

Appeals of Louisiana Real Estate Commission findings are reviewable by the courts. If you are dissatisfied with an LREC finding, you can file an appeal with the court. However, it is critical to note that the appeal must be filed within 30 days of receiving the LREC's findings. Otherwise, the case will be regarded as closed, and the decision will be final.

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Which advertisement most likely complies with Maryland's real estate advertising law?

James's ad, which includes his firm's logo, his name as it appears on his salesperson's license, and his phone number.

Katie's ad, which includes her firm's logo, her broker's name, and her name and phone number.

Leslie's ad, which includes her broker's name and phone number, her firm's logo, and her name and phone number.

Petra's ad, which includes her broker's name, her name, and her firm's logo.

Answers

The advertisement that most likely complies with Maryland's real estate advertising law is Leslie's ad. In the state of Maryland, real estate advertising must include the name of the brokerage and the phone number. Leslie's ad includes her name, her broker's name and phone number, and the firm's logo.

The ad is in compliance with Maryland's advertising law.Maryland's Real Estate Commission (MREC) sets out specific requirements for advertising. The MREC's advertising rules apply to all forms of advertising by licensees, including online ads, flyers, and business cards. Any advertisement must include the name of the broker or brokerage, and phone number.

A licensee's name, phone number, and the brokerage's logo may also be included.Leslie's ad includes the brokerage's phone number and name, her name, and the firm's logo. Hence, it complies with the advertising laws in Maryland.

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