The room temperature BCC single-phase solid solution of carbon in iron is known as: B. Ferrite
ferrite is a ceramic-like substance having magnetic characteristics that may be used in many different kinds of electrical equipment. Ferrite are polycrystalline, or made up of many tiny crystals, and are hard, brittle, iron-containing, often gray or black materials.
Temperature is a unit of measurement that may be represented on a variety of scales, including Fahrenheit and Celsius. Temperature shows the direction of the spontaneous movement of heat energy, i.e., from a hotter body (one with a higher temperature) to a colder body (one at a lower temperature).
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At top speed, cheetahs can run 80 miles per hour. How fast would that be in meters/second?
Answer: 35.7632
Explanation:
wine goes bad soon after opening because the ethanol dissolved in it reacts with oxygen gas to form water and aqueous acetic acid , the main ingredient in vinegar. calculate the moles of acetic acid produced by the reaction of 2.40 of ethanol. be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to significant digits.
0.04 mol is the moles of acetic acid produced by the reaction of 2.40 of ethanol.
CH3CH2OH + O2 → H2O + CH3COOH
molar mass, oxygen = 15.999 g/mol
molar mass,carbon = 12.011 g/mol
molar mass, hydrogen = 1.008 g/mol
molar mass of CH3COOH = [ (12.011 x 2) + (1.008 x 4) + (15.999 x 2) ] = 60.052 g/mol
moles= given mass/molecular mass
moles=2.40/60= 0.04 mol
The mole concept is a helpful way to quantify the amount of a substance. When dealing with particles at the atomic (or molecular) level, it is known that even one gram of a pure element contains an enormous number of atoms. The mole concept is frequently used in this context. The most popular unit of measurement is the "mole," which is a count of a significant number of particles.
The number 6.02214076*1023, also known as the Avogadro constant, is frequently denoted by the letter "NA". Among the elementary entities that can be represented in moles are atoms, molecules, monoatomic and polyatomic ions, as well as other particles (such as electrons).
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cryolite, na3alf6(s), an ore used in the production of aluminum, can be synthesized using aluminum oxide. balance the equation for the synthesis of cryolite. equation: al2o3 (s) naoh (l) hf (g) -> na3alf6 h2o (g) al2o3(s) naoh(l) hf(g)⟶na3alf6 h2o(g) if 13.0 kg of al2o3(s), 50.4 kg of naoh(l), and 50.4 kg of hf(g) react completely, how many kilograms of cryolite will be produced? mass of cryolite produced: kg na3alf6 which reactants will be in excess? naoh hf al2o3 what is the total mass of the excess reactants left over after the reaction is complete? total mass of excess reactants: kg qu
The kilograms of cryolite will be produced is 53.50 kg. the reactants will be in excess is NaOH and HF.
The balance equation is given as :
Al₂O₃ + 6NaOH + 12HF -----> 2Na₃AlF₆ + 9H₂O
molar mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g/mol
molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
molar mass of HF = 20 g/mol
moles of Al₂O₃ = mass / molar mass
= 13 × 1000 / 102
= 127.4 mol
moles of NaOH = mass / molar mass
= 50.4 × 1000 / 40
= 1260 mol
moles of HF = mass / molar mass
= 50.4 × 1000 / 20
= 2520 mol
dividing by the coefficient , we get :
Al₂O₃ = 127.4 / 1= 127.4 mol
NaOH = 1260 / 6 = 210 mol
HF = 2520 / 12 = 210 mol
mass of cryolite = moles × molar mass
= 2 × 127.4 × 210
= 53508 g = 53.50 kg
The reactant is in excess = NaOH and HF.
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What happens to the chemistry of the seawater as more co2 is absorbed into the oceans?.
The pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic as more co2 is absorbed into oceans.
Because of human-driven increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there is more CO2 dissolving into the ocean. The ocean's average pH is now around 8.1, which is basic (or alkaline), but as the ocean continues to absorb more CO2, the pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic.
What happens when co2 is absorbed in seawater?
Ocean acidification occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed rapidly into the ocean. It reacts with water molecules (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). This compound then breaks down into a hydrogen ion (H+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-). These hydrogen ions decrease seawater pH.
What happens if there is more carbon in the ocean?
Excess carbon in the atmosphere warms the planet and helps plants on land grow more. Excess carbon in the ocean makes the water more acidic, putting marine life in danger.
What is ocean acidification?
As Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, it sinks into the ocean and dissolves in water creating carbonic acid which is bad for marine organisms. the PH decreased in the ocean and the ocean water becomes more acidic.
Thus, oceans become more acidic.
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what would the relative rate from slowest to fastest of the solvolysis reaction be if these compounds in methanol-acetone
Typically, If these chemicals were present in methanol-acetone, the solvolysis process would proceed at the quickest to slowest relative rate. solvolytic reactions involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms.
The solvents operate as or produce nucleophiles (atoms or groups of atoms with plenty of electrons), which displace an atom or group in the substrate molecule. The pace of solvolysis may be defined in terms of how easy carbocation formation. The carbocation in structure (I) that solvolysis results from methanol-acetonethe elimination of Br is an antiaromatic molecule, and it will be the least stable. When Br is removed from structure (II), a carbocation of methanol-acetonethe that results is an aromatic compound.
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n a hydrogen fuel cell, the steps of the chemical reaction are at electrode: h2 2oh 2h2o 2e; at electrode: 12o2 h2o 2e 2oh. calculate the voltage of the cell. what is the minimum voltage required for elec- trolysis of water? explain briefly.
The minimum voltage required for electrolysis of water is 1.23 eV.
The cell reactions involved are given as,
At (-) electrode:
H₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2H₂O + 2e⁻
At (+) electrode:
1/2 O₂ + H₂O + 2e⁻ → 2OH⁻
Gibbs energy is given as,
ΔG = W
The work done of a reaction is given as,
W = 2/2Nₐ
Given,
W = 237 J
Nₐ = 6.023 × 10²³
Substituting the values we get,
W = 237/2×6.023 × 10²³
= [237 kJ(1000J/1KJ)]/2(6.023 × 10²³)
= 1.968 × 10⁻¹⁹{10eV/1.61(1J)}
= 1.23 eV
Hence, the minimum voltage required for electrolysis of water is 1.23eV.
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how many liters of hydrogen gas with an excess of nitrogen at stp are required to prepare 45.0 g of ammonia?
The volume of H₂ gas required with an excess of nitrogen at STP to prepare 45.0 g of ammonia is 88.7 L.
45 gm ammonia is to be prepared.
The reaction to produce NH₃ is as below-
N₂ ₊ 3H₂ → 2NH₃
First let us calculate the number of moles
number of moles= mass/ molecular mass
number of moles= 45g/ 17 g/mol
number of moles= 2.6 mol
Since 2 moles of NH₃ is produced from 3 moles of H₂.
So, 1 mole of NH₃ will be produced from 1.5 moles of H₂
Hence, 2.6 moles of NH₃ will be produced from 1.5 x 2.6 moles of H₂
So NH₃ produced will be 3.9
Volume = number of moles x 22.4L
Volume= 3.9 x 22.4 L
Volume= 88.7 L
Hence, the volume of H₂ required is 88.7 L.
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For SN1 solvolysis of t-butyl chloride, rank the solvents from fastest reaction to slowest reaction.acetone, ethanol, methanol, water, formic acid, and acetic acid
For SN1 solvolysis of t-butyl chloride, the solvents from the fastest reaction will be water and the slowest reaction will be Acetic acid
The SN1 reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry. The Hughes-Ingold symbol, which depicts how the reaction occurs, gave rise to its name. The letters "SN" stand for "nucleophilic substitution," and the number "1" denotes that the rate-determining step is unimolecular.
A chemical reaction known as solvolysis occurs when a solvent, such as water or alcohol, is used in excess and functions as one of the reagents. As a result, water, formic acid, methanol, and ethanol are the fastest.
Yes, solvolysis can continue the SN1 reaction. A nucleophilic substitution reaction with a unimolecular rate-determining step is known as the SN1 reaction. Carbocation-containing intermediates are produced during SN1 reactions.
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write the formula for these compounds containing polyatomic ions. a) chromium 3 nitrite b) sodium perchlorate c) magnesium hydrogen carbonate d) calcium acetate
The chemical formula of the given compounds are :
a) chromium 3 nitrite : [tex]Cr(NO_{2} )_{3}[/tex]
b)sodium perchlorate: [tex]NaClO_{4}[/tex]
c) magnesium hydrogen carbonate : [tex]Mg(HCO_{3} )_{2}[/tex]
d) calcium acetate: C₄H₆CaO₄
A chemical formula is a way to communicate information in chemistry about the proportions of atoms that make up a specific chemical compound or molecule. Chemical element symbols, numbers, and occasionally other symbols like parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas, and plus and minus signs are used to represent the chemical elements.
A chemical formula is a phrase that lists the constituent parts of a compound together with their relative proportions. No subscript is used if there is just one atom of a certain kind. A subscript is added to the symbol for an atom if it contains two or more of a certain type of atom.
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a student prepared a graph of the results from an experiment where no(g) was added in small increments to a measuring tube containing oxygen gas. the student plotted the total volume of gas in the measuring tube as the dependent variable on the y axis and the total volume of no(g) as the independent variable along the x axis. all volumes were measured and plotted in milliliters of the respective gas. the plot shows a linear trend with a negative slope. select the statement that gives the best interpretation of the negative slope observed in this experiment.
As NO(g) is added the volume of NO(g) is increasing.
As NO(g) is added the volume of oxygen in the measuring tube is decreasing.
The volume of NO(g) is increasing.
The volume of oxygen in the measuring tube is decreasing.
As NO(g) is added the volume of oxygen in the measuring tube is decreasing. gives the best interpretation of the negative slope observed in this experiment.
The energy-producing chemical process known as respiration, which powers the metabolisms of most living organisms, depends heavily on oxygen. Many other organisms, including humans, depend on the oxygen in the air we breathe to maintain life.
Nitrogen is oxidized to produce the colorless, poisonous gas known as nitric oxide (NO), sometimes known as nitrogen monoxide. In both humans and other animals, nitric oxide (NO)is a key chemical signaling agent that also has a number of medical uses. It only has a few industrial uses.
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bombardment of uranium-238 with a deuteron (hydrogen-2) generates neptunium-237 and neutrons. write out the reaction.
Bombardment of uranium-238 with a deuteron (hydrogen-2) generates neptunium-237 and 3 neutrons.
Uranium-238 + 1H3 = Neptunium-237 + 3 neutrons
The process of nuclear fission involves the splitting of an atom's nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei. Even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay, the fission process releases a very high quantity of energy and frequently results in gamma photons.
Uranium-238 is converted into Uranium-239 by neutron capture, which then undergoes a quick conversion to Neptunium-239 by beta radiation. After about three days, beta radiation changes this neptunium into a new nucleus called plutonium-239. Like uranium-235, this radionuclide is fissile.
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for each burned food sample, it is important to get a mass before and after the burning takes place. what would happen to the calculated energy (compared to the actual energy) per gram released if a student does notget a mass after the sample is burned?
So the mass of the product equals the mass of the reactant, The material has holes in it so it is actually lighter in mass than it appears.
Mass of reactants equals mass of products. By inserting the word "moles" between each coefficient and formula, this equation can be read in "moles." A ratio of the moles for any two substances in an equation is known as a mole-mole factor. Acc0rding to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of reactants and products in a chemical reaction is eq.ual. For instance, the mass of the finished substance, sodium chloride, is equal to the mass of sodium plus the mass of chlorine that reacts with the sodium. Additionally, in a chemical equation, the number of atoms of different elements on the reactants side equals the number of atoms on the products side.
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how do endotherms and ectotherms derive most of their body heat? multiple choice ectotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes. both ectotherms and endotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment. ectotherms derive most of their body heat through their fur, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through insulating scales. ectotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes, while endotherms derive most of their body heat through their environment both ectotherms and endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic processes.
Ectotherms derive most of their body heat through the environment,
while endotherms derive most of their body heat through metabolic
processes.
What are Metabolic processes?
Metabolic processes are the chemical and energy-requiring processes that occur within a living organism and are necessary for the maintenance of life. These processes include the breakdown of food molecules to obtain energy, the synthesis of new molecules and the transport of molecules around the body. Examples of metabolic processes include respiration, digestion, fermentation, and cellular respiration.
Explain the terms Endotherms and Ectotherms?
Endotherms are organisms that generate their own body heat, such as mammals and birds. They can regulate their internal temperatures and are not reliant on external sources of heat for their body temperature.
Ectotherms are organisms that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature, such as reptiles and amphibians. They are unable to generate their own body heat and instead rely on external sources such as the sun, warm rocks or warm water.
Therefore, the correct option would be Option A.
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a tube containing a 1:80 dilution of serum is accidentally dropped. a 1:4 dilution of the specimen is still available. a volume of 4 ml is needed to run the test. how much of the 1:4 dilution is needed to make 4 ml of a 1:80 dilution?
0.2ml is required as 1 : 4 dilution to make 4ml of 1 : 80 dilution.
What is dilution and concentration?
Dilution is the addition of solvent, which decreases the concentration of the solute in the solution.
Concentration on the other hand, is the removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of the solute in the solution.
Calculation:The volume of solution needed to make the solution can be calculated by the formula,
V1 x N1 = V2 x N2
4 ml of 1:80 diluted solution has to be made from 1:4 solution.
Applying these values in the above formula,
V1 x (1/4) = 4 x (1/80)
V1/4 = 1/20
V1 = 4/20
V1 = 0.2 ml
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what is the volume of 3.5 mol of an ideal gas at a pressure of 3 atm and a temperature of 0 ◦ c? 1 liter
The volume of 3.5 mol of an ideal gas at a pressure of 3 atm and at temperature of 0°C is 26.227 L
The volume of the ideal gas can be solved using the ideal gas equation of state:
PV=nRT
Where
p is the gas pressure
V is its volume
n is the number of moles
R is the gas constant
T is the absolute temperature of the gas
For the ideal gas of this problem:
n = 3.5 mol (number of moles)
p = 3 atmospheres (pressure)
T = 0°C= 0+273°K =273 °K
R= the gas constant = 0.082Latm/mol °K
Solving for V gives the volume of the gas.
V= nRT
P
V = 3.5 mol x 0.082Latm/mol °K x 273 °K
3 atm
V = 26.227 L
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with regards to the run-mode clock configuration 2(rcc2) register, what hex value would need to be in bit field 6:4 (in other words, bits 6 and 4 in that order) in order for the microcontroller to use the main oscillator as the oscillator source? (refer to the tm4c123 datasheet, ch 5). give your answer in hexadecimal.
In order for the microcontroller to use the main oscillator as the oscillator source is 0x1
What is an oscillator?
A chemical oscillator is a mixture of chemical compounds that are interacting and whose concentration of one or more components changes on a regular basis. They belong to a group of processes that exhibit far from equilibrium non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
what is an configuration ?
A configuration is typically the arrangement of the elements that make up a whole, or the act of doing so.
Therefore, in order for the microcontroller to use the main oscillator as the oscillator source is 0x1
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Determine the velocity of a medicine ball (m = 10.0 kg) with a wavelength of 1.33 × 10-35 m.
The velocity of a medicine ball is 1.33 × 10-35 m/s².
What is wavelength?This refers to the space between identical points (adjacent crests) in the adjacent cycles of a waveform signal propagated win area or along a wire.
Wave is characterized by frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and velocity. When the frequency is constant the wavelength is directly proportional to velocity.
Hence,
Velocity, V ∝ wavelength, λ
From the Question:Mass,m = 10.0 kg
the wavelength, λ =1.33 × 10-35 m.
Thus,
Assuming constant frequency,
Velocity, V ∝ wavelength, λ
velocity, V= 1.33 × 10-35 m/s²
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Arrange the following gases in order of increasing average molecular speed at 25 °c. He, o2, co2, n2.
The increasing order of average molecular speed at 25 °C of the mentioned gases are as follows:
CO₂ < O₂ < N₂ < He
It is known that relation between average molecular speed is directly proportional to its speed and inversely proportional to its molar mass. Average molecular speed depends on its molar mass the lighter the molar mass the faster will be the molecular speed and vice versa.
Molecular speed ∝[tex]\frac{1}{molar mass}[/tex]
Hence,
molar mass of nitrogen= 14 g/mol
Molar mass of helium (He) = 2 g/mol
Molar mass of oxygen = 16 g/mol
Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol
Thus, given gases are arranged in increasing order of average molecular speed at as follows;
CO₂ < O₂ < N₂ < He
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draw the electron dot formula for silicon disulfide, sis2. how many nonbonding electron pairs are in a silicon disulfide molecule?
For SiS₂, silicon disulfide, the electron dot formula could be seen in the attached picture. The total nonbonding electron pairs in a SiS₂ molecule is: 4 pairs.
What are the Lewis structure and nonbonding electron?
The electron dot formula, also known as the Lewis structure, is a representation of the total valence electrons of atoms within a molecule. By writing an electron dot formula, we can visualize the existence of valence electrons and whether they are within bonds or just stand as lone pairs.
The nonbonding electron or the lone pairs are electrons within an atom that are not forming a bond with the other atoms in a molecule. In the SiS₂ molecules, the 4 nonbonding pairs exist both in S atoms.
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If the Earth didn't rotate, winds would travel either north or south due to differences in temperature and pressure. But since the Earth does rotate, the ____________ deflects these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
A Coriolis effectCoriolis effect
B ionosphereionosphere
C law of gravitylaw of gravity
D polar air masses
If the Earth didn't rotate, winds would travel either north or south due to differences in temperature and pressure. But since the Earth does rotate, the Coriolis effect deflects these winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
What is coriolis effect ?Circulating air is diverted to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere when the Earth revolves on its axis. The Coriolis effect is the name given to this deflection.
Air would simply flow directly from high-pressure areas to low-pressure regions if the Coriolis effect didn't exist. The Coriolis effect affects the world's wind patterns and determines the predominant south-westerlies in the UK.
Thus, option A is correct.
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write the chemical reactions whose equilibrium constants are Kb and Ka for imidazole (c3h4n2) and imidazole hydrochloride (c3h4n2h cl−) , respectively.
The chemical reactions and their equilibrium constants for imidazole and imidazole hydrochloride are given below.
A chemical reaction is a process in which chemical bonds between atoms and molecules are broken and formed, resulting in the formation of new substances with distinct chemical properties.
Imidazole ([tex]\rm C_3H_4N_2[/tex]) is a weak base and can react with water to form the imidazole ion and hydronium ion. The equation for this reaction is:
[tex]\rm C_3H_4N_2 + H_2O \rightleftharpoons C_3H_4N_2H^+ + OH^-[/tex]
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is called the base dissociation constant ([tex]\rm K_b[/tex]) of imidazole.
[tex]\rm K_b = \dfrac { [C_3H_4N_2H^+][OH^-]} {[C_3H_4N_2]}[/tex]
Imidazole hydrochloride ([tex]\rm C_3H_4N_2HCl[/tex]) is a weak acid and can react with water to form the imidazole ion and hydronium ion. The equation for this reaction is:
[tex]\rm C_3H_4N_2HCl + H_2O \rightleftharpoons C_3H_4N_2H^+ + Cl^- + H_2O[/tex]
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is called the acid dissociation constant ([tex]\rm K_a[/tex]) of imidazole hydrochloride.
[tex]\rm K_a = \dfrac {[C_3H_4N_2H^+][Cl^-] }{ [C_3H_4N_2HCl]}[/tex]
Therefore, the chemical reactions with their equilibrium constants for the given compound's imidazole and imidazole hydrochloride in aqueous solution are mentioned above.
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how much 6.01 m naoh must be added to 440.0 ml of a buffer that is 0.0205 m acetic acid and 0.0255 m sodium acetate to raise the ph to 5.75
First, we need to calculate total moles of acetic buffer. Then, with H-H equation, we need to find ratio of moles of acetate and acetic acid.
The moles of acetate increased are due the addition of moles of NaOH. Thus, we can find the volume of 5.80M NaOH that must be added:
Moles acetic acid and sodium acetate:
Acetic acid: 0.550L * (0.0215mol/L) = 0.011825 moles
Acetate: 0.550L * (0.0255mol/L) = 0.014025 moles
Total moles = 0.02585 moles = [Acetate] + [Acetic acid] (1)
H-H equation:
pH = pKa + log [Acetate] / [Acetic acid]
Where pH is 5.75;
pKa of acetic acid is 4.74;
And [ ] could be taken as moles of each species.
5.75 = 4.74 + log [Acetate] / [Acetic acid]
10.2329 = [Acetate] / [Acetic acid] (2)
Replacing (1) in (2):
10.2329 = 0.02585 - [Acetic acid] / [Acetic acid]
10.2329[Acetic acid] = 0.02585 - [Acetic acid]
11.2329[Acetic acid] = 0.02585
[Acetic acid] = 0.002301 moles.
Moles acetate:
[Acetate] = 0.02585 moles - 0.002301 moles = 0.023549 moles
Initial moles were 0.014025 moles, moles of acetate added (Due the addition of NaOH) are:
0.023549 moles - 0.014025 moles = 0.009524 moles of NaOH
Therefore volume is 0.009524 moles of NaOH * (1L / 5.80mol) = 1.64x10⁻³L = 1.64mL of 5.80M are added
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beta-carotene is an organic compound with an orange color. the diagram above shows the ultraviolet spectrum of beta-carotene. which of the following statements is true about the absorption bands in the spectrum?
The two main absorption bands in the ultraviolet spectrum of beta-carotene are associated with transitions in electronic energy levels.
This means that when the molecule absorbs energy from ultraviolet light, electrons move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, resulting in a decrease in absorbance.
The band in the region corresponding to shorter wavelengths:The band in the region corresponding to shorter wavelengths has a lower absorbance than the band in the region corresponding to longer wavelengths because higher energy photons (shorter wavelength light) require more energy to excite the electrons and cause the transition, so less absorbance is observed.
The complete question:Beta-carotene is an organic compound with an orange color. The diagram above shows the ultraviolet spectrum of beta-carotene. Which of the following statements is true about the absorption bands in the spectrum?
The two main absorption bands are associated with transitions in electronic energy levels. The band in the region corresponding to shorter wavelengths shows a lower absorbance than the band in the region corresponding to longer wavelengths.Learn more about the ultraviolet spectrum:
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caammonium phosphate is an important ingrediant in many solid fertilizers. it can be made by reacitng aqeous phosphoric acid with liquid ammonia. calculate the moles of ammonia needed to produce 0.085 mol of ammonium phosphae
Number of moles of ammonia to produced Ammonium phosphate=3
First balance the chemical reaction between aqueous phosphoric acid and liquid ammonia
H3PO4 (aq) + 3NH3 (l) = (NH4)3PO4
From the balanced above reaction it is clearly that,
1 mole of aqueous phosphoric acid reacts with 3 mole of liquid ammonia to form 1 mole of ammonium phosphate
Hence,
Number of moles of ammonia to produced Ammonium phosphate=3
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The Calvin cycle is aMultiple Choicelinear pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.cyclic pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.cyclic pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.linear pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.cyclic pathway that produces ATP and three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
The Calvin cycle is a cyclic pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions cycle, the bio synthetic phase, the dark reactions cycle, or the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose.
The Calvin cycle reactions are divided into three major stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and molecule regeneration. The Calvin cycle is also known as the C3 cycle because the first stable compound in the cycle is a three carbon compound (3 phosphoglyceric acid). Calvin's cycle reactions occur in three stages.
Some Calvin cycle reactions necessitate the use of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), an energy transfer compound, and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), a source of hydrogen atoms for reduction reactions. ATP and NADPH are produced during photosynthesis's light-activated reactions.
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"Be sure to answer all parts: Draw the organic product of the following reaction: Be sure to draw your answer &s & line drawing: Don't forget to include the structure of the Ts group: OH TsCl pyridine draw structure Indicate the stereochemistry at any stereogenic centers: There was an inversion of the configuration: There was a retention of the configuration. The product is & racemic mixture: There are no stereogenic centers in this molecule:"
The major product of the second stereochemistry reaction is alkyl iodide, which is formed from alcohol.
When an alkene is hydrated, it produces alcohol. When Asymmetric Alkenes are treated with water in the presence of acid, the Markovnikoff rule is followed, and the Hydrogen of the incoming reagent goes to the carbon with the most Hydrogen atoms. The reverse (Anti-Markovnikoff) reaction is carried out by carrying out the Hydroboration reaction. In this case, the incoming reagent's Hydrogen atom is directed to the carbon with the fewest stereochemistry Hydrogen atoms. Both -H and -OH add in sync in this reaction. The hydroboration reaction of cholestrol is depicted below. The image below depicts the products of the reaction for the first reaction scheme, which follows the sn2 mechanism and thus results in the inversion of the configurations.
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in a mixture of 1.90 mol of gas, 0.85 mol are nitrogen (n2) molecules. what is the mole fraction of n2 in this mixture?
0.447 is the mole fraction of Nitrogen in this mixture.
mole fraction of nitrogen= moles of nitrogen/total moles
mole fraction of nitrogen=0.85/1.90
mole fraction of nitrogen=0.447
The product of the moles of a component and the total moles of the solution yields a mole fraction, which is a unit of concentration measurement. Because it is a ratio, mole fraction is a unitless statement. The sum of the components of the mole fraction of a solution is one. In a mixture of 1 mol benzene, 2 mol carbon tetrachloride, and 7 mol acetone, the mole fraction of the acetone is 0.7. This is computed by dividing the sum of the moles of acetone in the solution by the total number of moles of the solution's constituents:
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which type of chemical reaction represents the most energetically favorable step in the citric acid cycle?
Steps 3, 4, 6 and 8 are the energetically favoured steps in a citric acid cycle, and in these steps, decarboxylation and Oxidative dehydrogenation reactions are taking place.
What is the Citric acid cycle?
The citric acid cycle, often referred to as the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle is a sequence of chemical reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA, which is obtained from carbs, lipids, and proteins, to release stored energy. Organisms that respire (as opposed to organisms that ferment) use the Krebs cycle to produce energy, either through anaerobic or aerobic respiration. The cycle additionally supplies the reducing agent NADH and precursors of a few amino acids that are needed in a variety of other processes.
What is Oxidative decarboxylation?
In the process of oxidative decarboxylation, a carbon group is removed as a result of oxidation processes, producing carbon dioxide. Many biological activities, like the citric acid cycle, depend on them. It is used three times in the citric acid cycle to produce CO2 and convert NAD+ to NADH. First, pyruvate is transformed into acetyl CoA by a complex of pyruvate dehydrogenases. The enzyme Isocitrate dehydrogenase is then used to convert isocitrate to ketoglutarate, and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is then used to convert ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
Hence, in a citric acid cycle, the chemical reactions which are energetically favoured are oxidative decarboxylation and dehydrogenation.
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the reaction between aluminum and bromine is an oxidation-reduction reaction. what is the oxidation number of aluminum as a reactant and in the product?
As can be seen, the valence shell of aluminum has three electrons. To achieve the electronic configuration of neon, aluminum can simply lose three electrons. So, the most stable oxidation state for it is +3.
How can the oxidation number of a reaction be determined?Monoatomic ions always have an oxidation number equal to their associated net charge. Positive oxidation is present in the hydrogen atom (H). When this element is joined to another element that has a lower electronegativity than it, the oxidation number of the combined element is -1.
For simple ions, the charge of the ion is equal to its oxidation number. For instance, the sodium ion, Na+, has an oxidation number of 1, while the chlorine ion, Cl-, has an oxidation number of -1.
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How does the statement like dissolves like apply to the basic principles of solubility?.
that non-polar molecules will typically dissolve in non-polar solvents while polar molecules will typically dissolve well in polar solvents.
In terms of the solubility of solids and liquids, what does the phrase like dissolves like mean?According to the adage "like dissolves like," polar and ionic chemicals will dissolve in any substance if it is polar. Only non-polar compounds can be dissolved in it if the solvent is non-polar. Hexane in benzene, for instance.
The different solubilities of solutes in diverse solvents are explained by the principle of like dissolves.If the intermolecular interactions between the two components are similar, a substance will dissolve in a solvent; for instance, polar solutes will dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar solutes will dissolve in non-polar solvents, proving that "like dissolves like".
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