In the condition known as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), scar tissue forms on the glomeruli, the tiny kidney structures responsible for removing waste from the blood.
A glomerulosclerosis: what is it?Glomerulosclerosis is the scarring of the glomeruli, which are the tiniest blood arteries in the kidneys. These are the microscopic kidney organs that separate blood urine from the body.
What takes place when glomerulonephritis occurs?Inflammation and damage to the kidneys' filtering system are symptoms of glomerulonephritis (glomerulus). It may develop gradually over time or suddenly. The urine is not effectively filtered to remove toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess moisture. Instead, they accumulate in the body, leading to weariness and edema.
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Anthony has secretly been taking anabolic steroids to improve his athletic performance. Which of the following is a side effect that might tip off his friends and teammates that he has been abusing steroids?A) He is no longer aggressive or violent.B) His skin is remarkably free of acne.C) He has noticeably grown breasts.D) His cholesterol levels have never been lower.
Option C is the correct answer.Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines that are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance.
If used in this way, they can cause serious side effects and addiction.
Anabolic steroids are manufactured drugs that copy the effects of the male hormone testosterone. They have limited medical uses and are not the same as corticosteroids, a different type of steroid drug that's more commonly prescribed.
Side effects include:-
1. reduced sperm count
2. infertility
3. shrunken testicles
4. erectile dysfunction
5. hair loss
6. breast development
7. increased risk of prostate cancer
8. severe acne
9. stomach pain
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the nurse notes bulging and separation of an abdominal incision while assessing a client. what is the purpose of applying a binder?
It supports muscles, eases discomfort, encourages deep breathing, reduces swelling and fluid retention, keeps dressings and bandages in place, and hastens the healing of wounds and incisions.
What steps may a nurse take to avoid cross-contamination?Changing gloves right away after usage shields the client from microbial infection. Cross-contamination is a method error that has substantial ramifications for clients who are already seriously affected.
Nurses are required to use personal protective equipment while handling the designated bodily fluids in accordance with the universal precautions regulation. The single most crucial nursing action to prevent infection is hand washing, which is another effective weapon in the nurse's armoury against contamination.
To prevent bringing infections into a wound, an aseptic method is employed when changing bandages.
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lying supine, instruct your client to move the right leg toward the ceiling, keeping the right knee straight. what type of contraction is occurring with the right quadriceps muscles?
When the right leg is raised toward the ceiling while keeping the right knee straight, the right quadriceps muscles flex isometrically.
When a muscle contracts isometrically, it fires or activates with force and tension, but there is no joint movement. In other words, the joint is immobile, the muscles don't stretch or shorten, and the limbs don't move. Although there is no movement at the joints or change in the length of the muscle fibres during this type of muscle contraction, the muscle fibres still activate. Pushing firmly against a wall or performing a wall sit exercise (sitting with your back against the wall) are two excellent examples of isometric exercises. Exercises that are isometric are substantially easier on the joints throughout the long and short terms. They don't put additional strain on the joints, yet they nevertheless trigger the muscle fibres to fire. Isometric exercises are so frequently employed in rehabilitation programmer for people who have had joint problems or concerns.
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a nurse is caring for a confused client and develops a plan of care based on a least restraint policy. which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement based on this policy?
The customer is vulnerable to harm from confusion. The client is free to wander about the apartment while wearing the alarm bracelet, but it will go off if the customer tries to leave. The other choices are inadequate because they are constrictive and inappropriate in this circumstance.
What is Chronic Confusion?
According to medical dictionaries, confusion is a state of disordered consciousness that impairs one's ability to think clearly and make decisions. There are two types of confusion: acute confusion, also known as delirium, and chronic confusion, generally known as dementia. A certain risk factor or underlying cause is linked to acute confusion, which frequently develops abruptly over the course of hours or days. Chronic confusion, in contrast, is a long-term, progressive, and probably degenerative process and happens over months or years. Any age range, gender, or clinical issue can fall under either category.
The symptoms of chronic confusion might typically include difficulties with memory recall, problem-solving, language, and attention. Additionally, there may be issues with perception, reasoning, judgement, abstract thinking, communicating, expressing emotions, and carrying out everyday duties. Chronic confusion can be caused by a variety of conditions, including depression, brain infections, tumors, head trauma, multiple sclerosis, abnormalities brought on by hypertension, diabetes, anemia, endocrine problems, malnutrition, and vascular disorders.
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7. a patient is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) and has a serum potassium level of 2.9 meq/l. which action prescribed by the health care provider should the nurse take first?
Place the patient on a heart monitor, with the nurse acting as the healthcare practitioner.
Which medication is effective in lowering the serum ketone level in diabetic ketoacidosis patients?Treatment for DKA requires the administration of insulin because it enhances peripheral tissues' ability to utilise glucose, reduces gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, and inhibits ketogenesis. The primary method of delivering insulin to people with DKA is intravenous infusion.
How is KCl given to DKA patients?If potassium levels are normal or low, replacing fluids should be done first before beginning potassium supplementation. When the potassium concentration is less than 5.5 mEq/L, add 20–40 mEq/L of potassium chloride to each liter of fluid. Two thirds as KCl and one third as KPO4 can be used to provide potassium.
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can use of most medicines taken for colds, hay fever, or headaches have a negative impact on your driving abilities?
Yes, the use of most medicines taken for colds, hay fever, or headaches can have a negative impact on driving abilities.
Medicine refers to substances, compounds, or treatments used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or alleviate the symptoms of diseases, injuries, or medical conditions in humans or animals. Many over-the-counter and prescription drugs used to treat cold, hay fever (allergic rhinitis), and headache symptoms can make you drowsy, dizzy, and obscure your eyesight. They can also slow down your reaction time and affect your judgement. The ability to drive safely can be greatly impacted by these adverse effects.
Antihistamines, decongestants, pain relievers (such as opioids and muscle relaxants), and several cough suppressants are among common drugs that can impair driving. These drugs may make you drowsy or result in other cognitive and physical impairments that raise your risk of having an automobile accident.
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a client has had an invasive abdominal surgery to relieve an obstruction of the common bile duct. the client's surgery is completed, and the client has been transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (pacu). the pacu nurse observes that the client suddenly appears red in the face and appears to be coughing despite the presence of an endotracheal tube and ventilator support. what action would the pacu nurse take first?
PACU nurse observes that the client suddenly appears red in the face and appears to be coughing despite the presence of an endotracheal tube and ventilator support so the nurse should suction the client through the endotracheal tube.
Endotracheal tube is used to: Keep the airway open so as to present element, medicine, or physiological state. Support inhaling bound sicknesses, like respiratory disorder, emphysema, coronary failure, folded respiratory organ or severe trauma. take away blockages from the airway.
A ventilator is a device that supports or takes over the respiratory method, pumping air into the lungs. those who keep in medical care units (ICU) may have the support of a ventilator. Once the majority refer an individual being on life support, they are sometimes talking a few ventilator.
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the nurse considers interventions to include in the plan of care. before implementing any interventions, what action is most important for the nurse to take?
With the client, go over the treatment strategy.After deciding which interventions to use, the nurse should go over the care plan with the patient and get their feedback.
What does the nurse do just before starting an intervention?After reevaluating the patient, the nurse.Reevaluate the patient during the early phase of implementation to make sure the treatments are appropriate.
What nursing interventions are going to be used?Nursing interventions are also divided into seven significant groups according to the medical needs they address:System of the community, family, behavioral, physiologically simple, physiologically complex, safety, and health
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an older client who is an avid gardener has severe wrinkling of the skin over the face and hands and is diagnosed with solar elastosis. which action should the nurse teach this client?
Solar elastosis is the action that has to be taught.
What is solar elastosis?
The skin loses its elastic properties without supporting connective tissue. Solar elastosis is characterized by thicker, yellowed skin that has deep creases that do not smooth out with stretching. It can be used to treat a variety of illnesses, including skin cancers other than melanoma and precancerous skin conditions such as solar elastosis. Additionally, it has substantial cosmetic value in that it minimizes the appearance of facial creases or lines.
Hence, the answer is solar elastosis.
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a patient taking ssris mentions to the nurse that his current medication causes fewer side effects than the tricyclic antidepressant he took several years earlier. the nurse understands that ssris advantage is due to
A patient currently taking an SSRI said his current treatment had fewer side effects than a tricyclic antidepressant taken the year before. Nurses understand that the advantage of SSRIs is that the drug suppresses the re-absorption of serotonin so that the risk of side effects is low.
What are antidepressants?Antidepressants are drugs used to treat depression. This drug works by balancing the content of natural chemical compounds in the brain called neurotransmitters, so they can relieve complaints and help improve mood and emotions.
Meanwhile, SSRIs are anti-depressant drug that works by suppressing the re-absorption of serotonin in the brain so that serotonin levels increase. These types of antidepressants are generally the first choice for treating depression, due to the low risk of side effects.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:
A patient taking SSRIs mentions to the nurse that his current medication causes fewer side effects than the tricyclic antidepressant he took several years earlier. Does the nurse understand that SSRIs advantage is due to? Select all that apply.
The drug suppresses the re-absorption of serotonin so that the risk of side effects is low.The drug has no re-absorption of serotoninLearn more about the causes of the great depression here :
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a nurse is teaching an elderly client about developing good bowel habits. which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that additional teaching is required?
To avoid constipation, I must frequently take laxatives. The client's statement alerts the nurse that more instruction is needed.
What causes constipation most frequently?Consuming too little fiber from sources like fruit, veggies, and grains a modification to your daily routine or way of life, such altering your dietary patterns. having little discretion when using the bathroom. avoiding the want to go to the bathroom.
Which foods make you constipated?If you don't consume sufficient rising foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, you risk developing congestion. Constipation may result from consuming an excessive amount of high-calorie meats, dairy products, yolks, pastries, or processed meals. lacking in liquids.
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a patient is learning to cope with a newly diagnosed chronic illness. to help the patient adjust, which actions should the nurse take?
Nursing care will be important in assisting the child to correctly integrate the disease into each stage of growth and development.
What conditions qualify as chronic illnesses?A general definition of a chronic disease is a condition that lasts for a year or longer, necessitates continuous medical care, restricts daily activities, or both. The main causes of death and disability in the US are chronic diseases like diabetes, cancer, and heart disease.
What is a disability in terms of chronic illness?While not all impairments are chronic health issues, certain chronic health issues are. Disabilities and chronic health issues can be obvious or invisible. You can't tell from someone's appearance whether they have a disability or a long-term health issue.
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which measure would likely be rejected as part of a first-line weight loss plan for a client with a body mass index (bmi) of 30.2, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension?
The client has a BMI of 30.2, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. The first-line weight loss plan that would likely be rejected is: B. Gastric bypass.
What is gastric bypass?Gastric bypass is a weight-loss plan by doing a bariatric surgery where the physician makes the client’s stomach and small intestine change their way of digesting and absorbing food. This weight-loss plan aims to restrict the amount of food the stomach holds so that the client can consume a much smaller portion of their regular food. Gastric bypass is the last plan we can do to lose weight, so it will be likely rejected as the first-line plan of weight loss.
The question seems incomplete. The complete options for the question are as follows:
“A. Calorie reduction by 500 to 1000 kcal/day.”“B. Gastric bypass.”“C. Prescription drug therapy.”“D. 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity activity at least 3 days per week.”Learn more about gastric bypass procedure here https://brainly.com/question/28271066
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which would the nurse incorporate into the plan of care for the older adult experiencing chronic pain?
Care for an elderly client with a number of chronic diseases is planned by the nurse. The nurse should strive to improve the patient's quality of life.
What are chronic health issues?
If a problem lasts for a year or longer and necessitates continuing medical care, restricts daily activities, or both, it is typically referred to as a chronic disease. The leading causes of death and disability in the US are chronic diseases like diabetes, cancer, and heart disease.
How many older people have several chronic illnesses?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, two or more chronic health conditions affect 85% of adults over 65 and 60% of seniors, respectively. Many elderly persons find it challenging to manage various chronic conditions.
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which client would require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation among clients who were assessed with sudden changes in neurological status after an earthquake?
An endotracheal tube is inserted into the client, who is then put on mechanical ventilation to help reduce ICP increases brought on by suction.
who underwent evaluation for unexpected changes in neurological state following an earthquake?Each component of the client's neurologic condition is given a numerical score according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The client's neurologic function declines with decreasing GCS score. Client 3 is beginning to see the agony, earning a score of 2. The client's aberrant flexion motor reaction received a score of 3, and the verbal response received a score of 2 due to its incomprehensibility. 2+3+2=7 is the final score as a result. A score of 8 or less implies the need for artificial ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Customer 1 will have a 12 GCS rating. Client 2 will be assigned a GCS of 13. Client 4 will be assigned a GCS of 9.
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The fda has approved a new gene therapy drug described as the most expensive ever. How much per treatment?.
Mass.'s CHICOPEE (WWLP) –The most costly medicine currently available on the market has just received FDA approval.Patients with the rare disease hemophilia B are given the medication, known as Hemgenix, which costs $3.5 million per dose.
Which type of gene therapy is the priciest?Hemgenix is significantly more expensive than Novartis' Zolgensma gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which has a similar single-shot formulation and costs close to $2 million per dosage, makes it the most expensive medication in the world, according to a study cited by the National Library of Medicine.
Which injection costs the most money in the entire world?The hemophilia B gene therapy developed by CSL Behring was given the green light by US regulators. This one-time infusion frees patients from ongoing treatment but comes at a steep price of $3.5 million per dosage, making it the most costly drug in the world.
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which statement regarding antihistamine administration to older adults does the nurse identify as true?
When it comes to giving older persons antihistamines, the nurse would consider the following statement to be accurate:
"Antihistamines can sedate older adults when taken, thus smaller doses should be used at first and increased as necessary.
Additionally, these drugs may make glaucoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia worse ".
How do antihistamines work?
In order to treat allergy symptoms like hives, hay fever, conjunctivitis, and reactions to insect bites or stings, antihistamines are frequently prescribed drugs. Additionally, they are occasionally used to treat motion sickness and short-term sleep issues. For senior patients, lower dosages might be used initially and increased as necessary.
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which intervention will the nurse implement for a client hospitalized with acute pancreatitis? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
The intervention will the nurse implement for a client hospitalized with acute pancreatitis are as follows:
Gray-blue color at the flankAbdominal guarding and tendernessLeft upper quadrant pain with radiation to the backWhat is acute pancreatitis?The inflammation of pancreas for a short period of time is known as acute pancreatitis.
Cause:gallstones.drinking too much alcoholSymptoms:Upper abdominal pain (Abdominal pain that radiates to your back.).Tenderness when touching the abdomen.Fever.Rapid pulse and NauseaHence, The intervention will the nurse implement for a client hospitalized with acute pancreatitis are as follows:
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when providing nutrition education to the client with diabetes, the nurse should include which statement regarding fat intake?
Avoiding saturated fats is vital if you have diabetes. High intakes of saturated fat and consumption of high fat diets are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
For those with diabetes, fat is a necessary component of a healthy, balanced diet. Saturated fats, however, can raise your chance of developing heart disease or a stroke. Therefore, it is preferable to limit your intake of saturated fat to less than 10% of your daily calorie intake.
Fatty fish, particularly salmon, halibut, mackerel, tuna, sardines, sea bass, herring, pompano, and lake trout, are good suppliers. 1-2 times every week, eat fish. Flax seeds, walnuts, canola oil, soybeans, and soy products are vegetarian sources of omega-3 fatty acids, but they might not be as efficient as meat-based sources.
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when teaching a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to conserve energy, what instruction should the nurse give the client about breathing when lifting heavy objects?
The nurse must inform the client to exhale while lifting up heavy objects.
Why should the client exhale and not inhale while doing heavy chores ?Compared to inhaling, exhaling uses less energy. Therefore, elevating while exhaling lowers reported dyspnea and conserves energy. Lips pursed together delay exhalation and provide the client greater control over breathing. Lifting while holding your breath is akin to lifting after you exhale but before you inhale.
The Valsalva maneuver, which can cause cardiac arrhythmias, is comparable to this, hence it shouldn't be advised.
The golden rule for the majority of strength training activities is to exhale when exerted.
During the exertion, keep breathing and exhale carbon dioxide to keep your lungs ready to take in oxygen as your muscles relax. This enhances endurance so you can exercise for a longer period of time and keeps your blood pressure constant.
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which treatment goal would the nurse emphasize when teaching a client with a diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma?
Primary open-angle glaucoma treatment's primary goal is to prevent or minimise damage to the optic nerve.
What precisely is open-angle glaucoma?
Angular opening glaucoma
This is the most prevalent form of glaucoma. Still open is the drainage angle between the iris and cornea. The drainage system's effectiveness is compromised in some places, though. This may cause an incremental rise in ocular pressure.
What goal does treatment for open-angle glaucoma serve?
Treatment aims to halt the disease's progression and prevent eyesight loss from getting worse. By reducing the intraocular pressure, this is accomplished (IOP). It has been shown that reducing IOP reduces the possibility of optic disc changes and/or the development of visual field loss
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Bacteria, viruses or fungi that invade and grow in the bladder or kidney can cause.
a nurse is reviewing postoperative protocols with the client, including an explanation and a demonstration of how to use an incentive spirometer. how does the nurse know that the teaching on the use of the incentive spirometer was effective?
After surgery, a patient is given a postoperative protocols for an incentive spirometer (is). When using the spirometer appropriately, the client is told by the nurse to anticipate coughing.
A spirometer is a biological device that measures lung capacity and volume. A postoperative protocols spirometer's structural layout is fairly straightforward. A gas storage container is the main part of the device. To understand the essential operating principle of a spirometer, we must first look at its basic design.The water-sealed variant of spirometer is one of the most popular types. Spirometers measure the amount of air entering and leaving the lungs, or breathing. Spirometers are the main equipment used for basic pulmonary function tests (PFTs). The examinations could rule out lung diseases like emphysema, bronchitis, and coughing
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a client with a gram-negative bacterial infection has been prescribed a fluoroquinolone. during the preadministration assessment, the nurse should ensure that which laboratory tests, if prescribed, are obtained before the first dose of fluoroquinolones is administered to the client?
During the preadministration assessment, the nurse should ensure Culture and sensitivity test
What is gram-negative bacteria ?Gram-negative bacteria are becoming more and more resistant to the majority of available antibiotics, as well as to a number of different drugs. These bacteria have the innate ability to find new ways to resist, and they can spread genetic material that enables other bacteria to develop drug resistance.
Almost every environment on Earth that supports life contains gram-negative bacteria. The Escherichia coli model organism is a gram-negative bacterium, as are many pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Yersinia pestis.
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1. what type of hematologic disorder would you suspect based on mb’s history, physical examination, and laboratory values? why? 2. what other history data would be helpful in determining the cause of this disorder? 3. which of mb’s clinical signs are reflective of the body’s effort to compensate for the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity seen with this condition? 4. mb is counseled to increase her dietary intake of iron-containing foods. what kinds of food would be recommended?
1. In addition to blood cell cancers, hematologic diseases include rare genetic disorders, anemia conditions related to HIV, sickle cell disease and complications from chemotherapy or transfusions.
2. History can include
Abnormal bruising, abnormal bleeding from cuts and abrasions, Nose bleeds, Menorrhagia, Haemarthrosis, Bleeding after dental extraction, Bleeding during childbirth.
3. Since the heart operates solely under aerobic metabolism, myocardial mitochondria must maintain an abundance of oxygen to continue oxidative phosphorylation. Heart rate, contractility, and ventricular-wall tension are the three factors that determine myocardial oxygen demand. An increase in any of these variables requires the body to adapt to sustain adequate oxygen supply to the heart.
4. While in general, meats have the highest content of iron per ounce, there are many other foods that contain iron in smaller quantities, which you can feed to your child. Unfortunately, there really aren't any fruits that contain significant amounts of iron other than raisins and prunes. Vegetables that are reasonable sources of iron are leafy green vegetables like spinach, kale, and collard greens. Another vegetable with high iron content is beans (such as navy beans, soybeans, and black-eyed peas). Avocados also have iron.
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a vaginally delivered infant of an hiv positive mother is admitted to the newborn nursery. what intervention should the nurse perform first?
The nurse should start the intervention by bathing the baby.
On the third postpartum day, the nurse should expect which behavior from a new mother who had an uneventful vaginal birth?By the third postpartum day, the new mother should begin to assume responsibility for raising her child, starting by enquiring about baby care and taking the initiative to provide for it.
When a baby is delivered with anencephaly, what course of action should the nurse take with the family?Make certain that strategies are provided to ease the attachment process. Prepare the family to consider coping mechanisms in light of the infant's impending death.
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the nurse is teaching a client about histamine release during an anaphylactic reaction. what does histamine release in anaphylaxis cause?
In anaphylaxis, histamine release results in an increase in stomach output, dilated capillaries, and constricted bronchial smooth muscle.
What happens to histamine when anaphylaxis strikes?During an allergic reaction, the body releases histamines, which expand the blood vessels and cause a significant drop in blood pressure. Fluid leakage may cause the lungs to enlarge. Anaphylaxis can also cause problems with heart rhythm.
Is anaphylaxis brought on by histamine release?Itching is caused by histamine's interaction with nerves. Food allergies may result in nausea and diarrhea. Additionally, it tightens the lungs' muscles, making it harder to breathe. The most concerning case of histamine-induced reactions is anaphylaxis, a severe reaction with a high mortality risk.
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a home health nurse is visiting a new client who uses oxygen in the home. for which factors does the nurse assess when determining
The nurse should begin by determining the client's oxygen saturation. If the client is stable, the nurse can palpate the upper chest skin to feel for air. If the patient is in danger, the nurse summons the Rapid Response Team.
What are the nursing obligations during oxygen administration?Nurses play an essential role in identifying variables that can impair oxygen delivery to the lungs and tissues, as well as ensuring that patients who may require supplemental oxygen therapy are examined and managed safely and efficiently. This page discusses the architecture and physiology of oxygen delivery to the lungs and body tissues, as well as the frequent indications and contraindications for supplementary oxygen therapy. It also addresses how nurses can determine a patient's clinical requirement for supplemental oxygen therapy, as well as the safety precautions that must be taken.
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when developing a teaching plan for a client newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the nurse should explain that an increase thirst is an early sing of diabetes ketoacidosis (dka), which action should the nurse instruct the client to implement if this sign of dka occur? a. resume normal physical activity b. drink electrolyte fluid replacement c. give a dose of regular insulin per sliding scale d. measure urinary output over 24 hours.
c. give a dose of regular insulin per sliding scale action should the nurse instruct the client to implement if this sign of dka occur.
What is the initial advice for a diabetic who has just received a diagnosis?Consume a range of foods, such as lean meats or meat alternatives, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, non-fat dairy products, and veggies. Try to limit your food intake. Avoid eating too much of one kind of food. Eat regularly spaced meals throughout the day.
Postoperative DKA may be precipitated by anaesthesia and surgical stress, abrupt insulin discontinuation or inadequate perioperative care, postoperative infection, protracted poor oral intake, and severe dehydration.
The most popular intravenous fluid used to treat DKA is normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride).
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a client is diagnosed with zollinger-ellison syndrome. the nurse knows to assess the client for which characteristic clinical feature of this syndrome?
Answer:steatorrhea
Explanation: