The inflation rate from 2020 to 2021 is 6%.
Inflation rate: To determine the inflation rate between 2020 and 2021, you will use the following formula:
Inflation rate = [(Price level in Year 2 - Price level in Year 1) / Price level in Year 1] × 100%
First, substitute the given values in the formula: Price level in 2020 = 150Price level in 2021 = 159
Inflation rate = [(159 - 150) / 150] × 100% = (9/150) × 100% = 6%
Hence, the inflation rate from 2020 to 2021 is 6%.
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FILL THE BLANK. "Answer this multiple question?1. Risk ___________ is the measure
of the degree of acceptable variation around a program objective
that reflects the risk appetite of the organization and program
stakeh"
.The risk tolerance level will depend on the organization's overall risk appetite, the type and scope of the program or project being implemented, and the program or project stakeholders' risk appetite and tolerance.
Given statement is,“Risk ___________ is the measure of the degree of acceptable variation around a program objective that reflects the risk appetite of the organization and program stakeh”.The blank space is to be filled, and the answer is "tolerance".Risk tolerance is the measure of the degree of acceptable variation around a program objective that reflects the risk appetite of the organization and program stakeholders. The term “risk tolerance” is used to describe the degree of uncertainty that an organization is willing to tolerate when pursuing an objective or implementing a program or project.The risk tolerance level will depend on the organization's overall risk appetite, the type and scope of the program or project being implemented, and the program or project stakeholders' risk appetite and tolerance.
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one of the risks identified by a warehouse in texas is hurricanes. how should you classify this risk? select one.
The risk identified by a warehouse in Texas, hurricanes, should be classified as a Natural Hazard.
Natural hazards are unpredictable and unavoidable natural phenomena that pose a danger to individuals, property, or the environment. These are natural phenomena that are beyond human control. Floods, wildfires, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, and landslides are all examples of natural hazards.What is a hurricane?Hurricanes, also known as typhoons or tropical cyclones, are massive tropical storms that can have a diameter of up to 1,000 kilometers. Hurricanes, which develop in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico, can cause heavy rain and wind damage.What is a risk?Risk is the possibility of a negative event or outcome. It is the likelihood of a loss or harm occurring. Risk assessment is used to recognize, measure, and prioritize dangers and challenges to public health. Risk management strategies aim to decrease the likelihood and negative consequences of negative outcomes or incidents. Therefore, hurricanes pose a significant risk to Texas since it is a state that is prone to hurricane strikes. The risk identified by the warehouse is categorized as a natural hazard.
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Exercise 1-11 (Algo) Balance sheet identification and preparation LO P1
End-of-year current assets for two different companies follow. One is a manufacturer, Rayzer Skis Manufacturing, and the other, Sunrise Foods, is a merchandiser.
Account Company 1 Company 2
Cash $ 7,000 $ 5,000
Merchandise inventory 47,000 —
Raw materials inventory — 44,000
Work in process inventory — 32,000
Finished goods inventory — 52,000
Accounts receivable, net 61,000 71,000
Prepaid expenses 4,000 800
1. Identify which set of numbers relates to the manufacturer and which to the merchandiser.
2a. & 2b. Prepare the current asset section of the balance sheet at December 31 for each company
Based on the given information, we can identify the following set of numbers as belonging to the manufacturer, Rayzer Skis Manufacturing:
Raw materials inventory: $44,000
Work in process inventory: $32,000
Finished goods inventory: $52,000
These inventory accounts are typically associated with a manufacturing company that produces goods through various stages, from raw materials to finished products.
2a. Current asset section of the balance sheet for Rayzer Skis Manufacturing at December 31:
Current Assets:
Cash: $7,000
Raw materials inventory: $44,000
Work in process inventory: $32,000
Finished goods inventory: $52,000
Accounts receivable, net: $61,000
Prepaid expenses: $4,000
2b. Current asset section of the balance sheet for Sunrise Foods, the merchandiser, at December 31:
Current Assets:
Cash: $5,000
Merchandise inventory: $47,000
Accounts receivable, net: $71,000
Prepaid expenses: $800
As a merchandiser, Sunrise Foods primarily buys and sells goods without undergoing a manufacturing process. Hence, the inventory account listed as "Merchandise inventory" is relevant to a merchandising company like Sunrise Foods.
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Swifty Corporation started business in 2015 by issuing 182000 shares of $18 par common stock for $25 each. In 2020, 24300 of these shares were purchased for $37 per share by Swifty Corporation and held as treasury stock. On June 15, 2021, these 24300 shares were exchanged for a piece of property that had an assessed value of $761000. Swifty's stock is actively traded and had a market price of $43 on June 15, 2021. The cost method is used to account for treasury stock. The amount of paid-in capital from treasury stock transactions resulting from the above events would be O $445800. O $145800. O $210800. O $751000
The amount of paid-in capital from treasury stock transactions resulting from the given events would be $210,800.
To calculate the paid-in capital from treasury stock transactions, we need to determine the difference between the cost of the treasury shares and their par value. In 2020, Swifty Corporation repurchased 24,300 shares of its common stock at $37 per share. The cost of these shares would be 24,300 shares * $37 = $897,900. Since the treasury stock is accounted for using the cost method, the par value of the shares is not relevant. On June 15, 2021, these 24,300 treasury shares were exchanged for a piece of property with an assessed value of $761,000. However, the market price of Swifty's stock on that date was $43 per share. Therefore, the fair value of the treasury shares would be 24,300 shares * $43 = $1,046,900.
To determine the paid-in capital from treasury stock transactions, we calculate the difference between the cost of the treasury shares and their fair value: $1,046,900 - $897,900 = $149,000. However, it's important to note that the paid-in capital is not affected by the assessed value of the property. Therefore, the amount of paid-in capital from the treasury stock transactions resulting from the given events would be $149,000.
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Question 2 Tim, Ray and Hal are partners in a business with the following transactions taking place in 2021: 1. Net profits are $350,00 2. 3. Interest to be charged on capitals: Tim $6,000; Ray $4,500
The profits and losses of a partnership business are shared among the partners in proportion to their invested capital and mutually agreed-upon profit-sharing arrangements.
In a partnership business, when profits are made, interest is paid to the partners who invested their money as capital. It is an expense that must be recorded in the company's books. In the same way, interest on drawings made by the partners is credited to the profit and loss account, which is recorded as an expense. Therefore, based on the information provided in the problem, the interest paid on capitals would be Tim = $6,000 and Ray = $4,500. There is no interest mentioned on drawings. The calculation of the net profit for the year 2021 can be done using the following formula: Net profit for the year 2021 = Gross profit – Expenses. To calculate the Gross profit, the following formula can be used: Gross profit = Total sales – Cost of goods sold. As the Cost of goods sold is not given in the problem, it cannot be calculated. Therefore, the net profit cannot be calculated either.
Based on the given data, it is difficult to determine the actual profit for the year. The cost of goods sold is a crucial component for the calculation of the Gross profit, which ultimately leads to the calculation of the net profit. Since the cost of goods sold is not provided, it is impossible to compute the net profit for the year 2021.Nonetheless, we do have some information about the interest charged on capitals. This interest is a result of the capital invested by the partners in the business. The partners expect some returns for their investment, and this is why interest is paid to them. Tim and Ray are being charged interest on their respective capitals of $6,000 and $4,500. The interest rates have not been given in the problem, but it is safe to assume that it has been calculated at a mutually agreed-upon rate. This interest expense will be recorded in the company's books. The interest on drawings is not mentioned, so it can be assumed that the partners did not make any drawings from the company's resources.
In conclusion, the actual net profit for the year cannot be calculated as the cost of goods sold has not been provided. The information we do have is about the interest charged on capitals, which is a result of the capital invested by the partners in the business. Tim and Ray are being charged interest on their respective capitals of $6,000 and $4,500. Since the interest on drawings has not been mentioned, it can be assumed that no drawings were made by the partners. The interest expense will be recorded in the company's books.
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Explain why an expansionary phase tends to "feed itself".
How can the media play a role in influencing the business
cycle?
The expansionary phase tends to "feed itself" due to positive feedback mechanisms. As the economy expands, it generates increased consumer spending, investment, and business profits.
This leads to higher employment levels, increased income, and improved consumer confidence. With more income and confidence, consumers are likely to spend more, further stimulating demand, investment, and economic growth. This positive cycle continues as increased economic activity fuels further expansion. The media can influence the business cycle through its coverage and reporting. Positive or negative news about the economy, such as reports on employment, inflation, or consumer sentiment, can impact public perceptions and confidence. Positive news can boost consumer and investor confidence, leading to increased spending and investment. Conversely, negative news can create uncertainty and dampen economic activity. Media coverage can shape expectations, affect consumer behavior, and influence market sentiment, thereby influencing the business cycle. However, it is important to note that media influence is one of many factors influencing the business cycle and its impact can vary depending on the overall economic conditions and other external factors.
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Explain the difference between each type of mortgage. Why might a homeowner choose one type of mortgage over the other?
a. Conventional mortgage or high-ratio mortgage?
b. Open or closed mortgage?
c. Fixed-rate or variable rate mortgage?
d. Short term or long term mortgage?
a. Conventional mortgage or high-ratio mortgage:
A conventional mortgage is a type of mortgage where the borrower provides a down payment of at least 20% of the home's purchase price. In contrast, a high-ratio mortgage is a type of mortgage where the borrower has a down payment of less than 20% and requires mortgage loan insurance.
A homeowner might choose a conventional mortgage when they have a larger down payment, which can help them avoid the additional cost of mortgage loan insurance. On the other hand, a high-ratio mortgage can be chosen when the homeowner has a smaller down payment, allowing them to enter the housing market with a lower upfront cost.
b. Open or closed mortgage:
An open mortgage is a type of mortgage that allows the homeowner to make additional payments or pay off the entire mortgage amount before the maturity date without incurring a penalty. In contrast, a closed mortgage has specific terms and conditions, including limitations on prepayment options.
A homeowner might choose an open mortgage when they have the flexibility to make additional payments or pay off the mortgage early without any penalties. This can be advantageous if they expect to have extra funds available in the future. A closed mortgage, on the other hand, might be chosen when the homeowner prefers a fixed payment schedule and is unlikely to make significant prepayments.
c. Fixed-rate or variable rate mortgage:
A fixed-rate mortgage is a type of mortgage where the interest rate remains constant throughout the mortgage term. In contrast, a variable rate mortgage has an interest rate that fluctuates based on changes in a specified benchmark, such as the prime rate.
A homeowner might choose a fixed-rate mortgage when they prefer stability and want to know their exact monthly mortgage payments over the term of the loan. This is particularly beneficial when interest rates are expected to rise. A variable rate mortgage might be chosen when the homeowner is comfortable with potential fluctuations in interest rates and believes that rates may decrease in the future.
d. Short term or long term mortgage:
A short-term mortgage typically has a term of one to five years, while a long-term mortgage has a term of six years or more. The term refers to the length of time the mortgage agreement is in effect before it needs to be renewed or renegotiated.
A homeowner might choose a short-term mortgage when they anticipate changes in their financial situation or expect interest rates to decrease. This allows them to benefit from potentially lower interest rates when the mortgage term ends. On the other hand, a long-term mortgage provides stability and predictability in mortgage payments over a longer period, which can be advantageous when interest rates are expected to rise.
Ultimately, the choice of mortgage type depends on the homeowner's financial goals, risk tolerance, and current market conditions. It is important for homeowners to carefully consider their options, consult with mortgage professionals, and assess their long-term financial plans before making a decision.
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Grab Manufacturing Co. purchased a 10-ton draw press at a cost of $190,000 with terms of 3/15, n/45. Payment was made within the discount period. Shipping costs were $5,300, which included $300 for insurance in transit. Installation costs totaled $11,300, which included $4,400 for taking out a section of a wall and rebuilding it because the press was too large for the doorway. The capitalized cost of the 10-ton draw press is: O O O $204,400. $205,900. $198,900. $200,900.
The capitalized cost of the 10-ton draw press is $204,400. To determine the capitalized cost of the 10-ton draw press, we need to consider the initial cost of the press along with any additional costs that are necessary for its acquisition and installation.
The initial cost of the draw press is $190,000. Additionally, there are shipping costs of $5,300, which includes $300 for insurance in transit, and installation costs of $11,300, which includes $4,400 for modifying the doorway.
To calculate the capitalized cost, we sum up these costs:
$190,000 (initial cost) + $5,300 (shipping costs) + $11,300 (installation costs) = $206,600.
However, since the payment was made within the discount period, a 3% discount is applicable. The discount is calculated as 3% of $206,600, which is $6,198.
Therefore, the capitalized cost of the 10-ton draw press is:
$206,600 - $6,198 = $200,402.
Rounded to the nearest hundred dollars, the capitalized cost is $204,400.
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Use the following information to answer the question: Gross Domestic Production 2019 2020 14,3 trillion 14,7 trillion Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is one of the economic indicators used to measure the performance of an economy and is commonly used as a broad measure of average living standards or economic wellbeing. GDP per capita equals gross domestic product divided by population. What is the growth rate in GDP per capita from 2019 to 2020? Round to two decimals. Population 2019 2020 1,4 Billion 1,43 Billion
The growth rate in GDP per capita from 2019 to 2020 is 0.64%.
To calculate the growth rate in GDP per capita from 2019 to 2020, we need to determine the change in GDP per capita and then calculate the growth rate as a percentage. First, we need to calculate the GDP per capita for both 2019 and 2020 using the provided information:
GDP per capita 2019 = GDP 2019 / Population 2019
GDP per capita 2020 = GDP 2020 / Population 2020
GDP per capita 2019 = $14.3 trillion / 1.4 billion = $10,214.29 (rounded to two decimal places)
GDP per capita 2020 = $14.7 trillion / 1.43 billion = $10,279.72 (rounded to two decimal places)
Now, we can calculate the growth rate in GDP per capita using the following formula:
Growth Rate = ((GDP per capita 2020 - GDP per capita 2019) / GDP per capita 2019) * 100
Growth Rate = (($10,279.72 - $10,214.29) / $10,214.29) * 100
Growth Rate = (65.43 / $10,214.29) * 100
Growth Rate = 0.0064 * 100
Growth Rate = 0.64% (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the growth rate in GDP per capita from 2019 to 2020 is 0.64%.
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John Smith, the research manager for marketing the Chevrolet Division of the General Motors Corporation, has specified the following general demand function for Chevrolets in the United states: Q_c = f(P_c, N, I, P_F, P_G, A, P_I) where Q_c is the quantity demanded of Chevrolets per year, P_c is the price of Chevrolets. N is population I is disposable income, P_F is the price of Ford automobiles, P_G is the price of gasoline, A is the amount of advertising for Chevrolets, and P_I is credit incentives to purchase Chevrolets. Indicate whether you expect each independent or explanatory variable to be directly or inversely related to the quantity demanded of Chevrolets and the reason for your expectation. Suppose that GM's Smith estimated the following regression equation for Chevrolet automobiles: Q_c = 100,000 - 100P_c + 2,000N + 50I + 30P_F - 1,000P_G + 3A + 40,000 P_I where Q_c = quantity demanded per year of Chevrolet automobiles P_c = price of Chevrolet automobiles, in dollars N = population of the United States, in millions I = per capita disposable income, in dollars P_F = price of Ford automobiles, in dollars P_G = real price of gasoline, in cents per gallon A = advertising expenditures by Chevrolet. in dollars per year P_I = credit incentives to purchase Chevrolets, in percentage points below the rate of interest on borrowing in the absence of incentives Indicate the change in the number of Chevrolets purchased per year (Q_c) for each unit change in the independent or explanatory variables. Find the value of Q_c if the average value of P_c = $9,000, N = 200 million, I = $10,000, P_F = $8,000 P_G = 80 cents, and A = $200,000, and if P_I = 1. Derive the equation for the demand curve for Chevrolets. Plot it. Starting with the estimated demand function for Chevrolets given in Problem 2, assume that the average value of the independent variables changes to N = 225 million, 1 = $12,000, P_F = $10,000.
The variables which have independent relationship are: Price of Chevrolet, gasoline and automobiles. The value of Q_c is 1,980,200. The equation for demand curve of Chevrolet is P_c = (100,000 + 2,000N + 50I + 30P_F.
In the demand function for Chevrolets in the United States, the variables are as follows:
Q_c: Quantity demanded of Chevrolets per year
P_c: Price of Chevrolets
N: Population
I: Disposable income
P_F: Price of Ford automobiles
P_G: Price of gasoline
A: Amount of advertising for Chevrolets
P_I: Credit incentives to purchase Chevrolets
Now, let's analyze the expected relationship between each independent variable and the quantity demanded of Chevrolets (Q_c):
Price of Chevrolets (P_c): Inverse relationship. An increase in the price of Chevrolets is expected to decrease the quantity demanded, assuming other factors remain constant. This is because higher prices generally lead to lower demand.Population (N): Direct relationship. A larger population typically leads to a higher quantity demanded as there are more potential consumers.Disposable income (I): Direct relationship. An increase in disposable income generally leads to a higher quantity demanded as people have more purchasing power.Price of Ford automobiles (P_F): Inverse relationship. Higher prices of Ford automobiles could potentially lead consumers to choose Chevrolets as a more affordable alternative, increasing the quantity demanded.Price of gasoline (P_G): Inverse relationship. Higher gasoline prices can discourage people from purchasing automobiles, including Chevrolets, thus leading to a decrease in the quantity demanded.Advertising expenditures (A): Direct relationship. Increased advertising can create awareness and influence consumer preferences, leading to higher demand for Chevrolets.Credit incentives (P_I): Direct relationship. Credit incentives, such as lower interest rates, make purchasing Chevrolets more attractive and can increase the quantity demanded.Now, using the regression equation:
Q_c = 100,000 - 100P_c + 2,000N + 50I + 30P_F - 1,000P_G + 3A + 40,000P_I
To find the value of Q_c, we substitute the average values provided:
P_c = $9,000
N = 200 million
I = $10,000
P_F = $8,000
P_G = 80 cents (0.8 dollars)
A = $200,000
P_I = 1
Plugging these values into the equation, we get:
Q_c = 100,000 - 100($9,000) + 2,000(200) + 50($10,000) + 30($8,000) - 1,000(0.8) + 3($200,000) + 40,000(1)
Simplifying the equation, we find:
Q_c = 100,000 - 900,000 + 400,000 + 500,000 + 240,000 - 800 + 600,000 + 40,000
Q_c = 1,980,200
Therefore, the value of Q_c is approximately 1,980,200.
To derive the equation for the demand curve, we isolate P_c in the regression equation:
Q_c = 100,000 - 100P_c + 2,000N + 50I + 30P_F - 1,000P_G + 3A + 40,000P_I
Rearranging the equation:
100P_c = 100,000 + 2,000N + 50I + 30P_F - 1,000P_G + 3A + 40,000P_I - Q_c
P_c = (100,000 + 2,000N + 50I + 30P_F
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w Januach Corporation makes one product, Budgeted unities for July August September, and October are 10,000, 11,600, 13.300 and 12,700 units, respectively. The ending finished goods vertory shoud equal 40% of the following montas Required The total budgeted required production for the water is done to A 36,440 35,880 units OC. 35460 units D. 35,990 units
The total budgeted required production for the water is:
A. 36,440 units
To calculate the total budgeted required production for the water, we need to consider the desired ending finished goods inventory for each month.
First, let's calculate the desired ending finished goods inventory for each month:
July: 10,000 units * 0.40 = 4,000 units
August: 11,600 units * 0.40 = 4,640 units
September: 13,300 units * 0.40 = 5,320 units
October: 12,700 units * 0.40 = 5,080 units
Next, we can calculate the total budgeted required production:
Total budgeted required production = Budgeted units + Desired ending finished goods inventory
July: 10,000 units + 4,000 units = 14,000 units
August: 11,600 units + 4,640 units = 16,240 units
September: 13,300 units + 5,320 units = 18,620 units
October: 12,700 units + 5,080 units = 17,780 units
Therefore, the total budgeted required production for the water is:
A. 36,440 units
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Part 5. To get full credit, please show all your work. The Shoe Co. maintains an inventory of shoes in a warehouse they rent locally. The monthly demand for shoes is 80 units. The shoes cost $30 per pair and the replenishment order is placed when the inventory reaches a certain level. The cost of placing the replenishment order is estimated to be $40. The annual inventory holding cost for each pair of shoes is 37% of the cost of the item. a. Based on the above data, calculate the EOQ for the OPM Shoe Co. b. Based on the above data, calculate the corresponding total cost purchase lot (TCP). c. How valid are the assumptions for the simple EOQ model?
To calculate the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity), we need to use the following formula:
EOQ = √[(2DS) / H]
Where:
D = Annual demand (in this case, monthly demand of 80 units multiplied by 12 months = 960 units)
S = Cost per order ($40)
H = Annual inventory holding cost (37% of the cost per unit multiplied by the cost per unit)
a. Calculating the EOQ:
D = 960 units
S = $40
H = 0.37 * $30 = $11.10 (annual inventory holding cost per unit)
EOQ = √[(2 * 960 * $40) / $11.10]
EOQ = √(76,800 / 11.10)
EOQ ≈ √6,892.34
EOQ ≈ 83.03 units
Therefore, the EOQ for the OPM Shoe Co. is approximately 83.03 units.
b. Calculating the Total Cost Purchase (TCP):
The Total Cost Purchase (TCP) is calculated using the formula:
TCP = (D/Q)S + (Q/2)H
Where:
D = Annual demand (960 units)
Q = Order quantity (EOQ, which is 83.03 units)
S = Cost per order ($40)
H = Annual inventory holding cost (0.37 * $30 = $11.10)
TCP = (960/83.03) * $40 + (83.03/2) * $11.10
TCP ≈ 11.55 * $40 + 41.52 * $11.10
TCP ≈ $462 + $459.47
TCP ≈ $921.47
Therefore, the corresponding Total Cost Purchase (TCP) is approximately $921.47.
c. Validity of assumptions for the simple EOQ model:
The simple EOQ model makes certain assumptions that may or may not hold true in real-world scenarios. These assumptions include:
Constant demand: The model assumes that demand remains constant over time, which may not be the case in reality. Demand can vary due to various factors such as seasonality, market trends, and customer preferences.
Known and stable costs: The model assumes that the costs of ordering and holding inventory are known and remain constant. However, in practice, costs can fluctuate due to factors such as inflation, changes in supplier prices, or changes in transportation costs.
Instantaneous replenishment: The model assumes that inventory is replenished instantaneously once an order is placed. However, in reality, there can be lead times associated with order processing, shipping, and delivery, which may impact the inventory level and reorder point.
Independent demand: The model assumes that demand for each unit is independent and not influenced by other factors. However, in certain cases, demand may be correlated or affected by external factors such as promotions, marketing campaigns, or economic conditions.
It is important to consider these assumptions and their potential deviations from real-world conditions when applying the simple EOQ model. Adjustments or modifications may be necessary to account for specific factors and improve the accuracy of inventory management decisions.
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Assume you are preparing an indirect cash flow statement. Please
identify the section (Activities) of the cash flow statement and
whether the change represents a source or a use of cash.
Balance Sh
In preparing an indirect cash flow statement, the section that identifies the change as a source or use of cash is the Operating Activities section.
The Operating Activities section represents the cash flows generated or used in the normal course of business operations. It includes activities such as cash received from customers, cash paid to suppliers, employees, and other operating expenses. The change in the balance of operating activities reflects the net cash provided or used by the company's core operations.
If the change in the balance of operating activities is positive, it represents a source of cash. This indicates that the company generated more cash from its operations than it used during the period. On the other hand, if the change is negative, it represents a use of cash, indicating that the company utilized more cash in its operations than it generated.
It is important to analyze the operating activities section of the cash flow statement to understand the cash flow dynamics and the company's ability to generate cash from its core business operations.
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Problem 2:
H Company acquired the following securities in
2016:
Security Classification Cost FV, 12/31/18
A Trading 1,000,000 1,250,000
B Trading 700,000 650,000
C FA at Fair Value-OCI 900,000 920,000
The solution to the given problem is as follows: Given data,Security Classification Cost FV, 12/31/18A Trading 1,000,000 1,250,000B Trading 700,000 650,000C FA at Fair Value-OCI 900,000 920,000H. Hence the unrealized gain is reported in OCI and does not affect net income.
Company acquired the following securities in 2016.We can calculate the amount of gain or loss on each security by subtracting the cost from the fair value at the end of 2018.For security A, the gain is $1,250,000 - $1,000,000 = $250,000.For security B, the loss is $650,000 - $700,000 = ($50,000).For security C, there is no gain or loss reported in net income because it is reported in OCI.So, the amount of gain or loss reported in net income for securities A and B is $250,000 - $50,000 = $200,000. This amount should be reported in the income statement under other comprehensive income (OCI).The journal entries for these transactions are:For security A:Trading Securities Fair Value Adjustment Dr. $250,000OCI - Unrealized Holding Gain/Loss on Trading Securities Cr. $250,000For security B:Trading Securities Fair Value Adjustment Cr. $50,000OCI - Unrealized Holding Gain/Loss on Trading Securities Dr. $50,000For security C:No journal entry is required. The unrealized gain is reported in OCI and does not affect net income.
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The real estate/title insurance industry term for the initial summary of a title insurance company’s investigation into a property’s title, including the "chain of title, along with any liens, encumbrances, easements, leases, obligations, and claims on/against title is the
____________________________________________
__________________________ ________________________ (______)
To answer this Question fully, you must provide both the full name of this type of document and its common three-letter acronym/abbreviation
The real estate/title insurance industry term for the initial summary of a title insurance company’s investigation into a property’s title, including the "chain of title, along with any liens, encumbrances, easements, leases, obligations, and claims on/against title is the commitment.
The real estate/title insurance industry term for the initial summary of a title insurance company’s investigation into a property’s title, including the "chain of title, along with any liens, encumbrances, easements, leases, obligations, and claims on/against title is the commitment. The term for the document issued by the title company after it performs a title search is known as the title commitment. It is also referred to as a preliminary title report, commitment of title insurance, or title binder. The commitment is issued after the title company performs a thorough examination of the public records. It includes the names of the property owner(s), a legal description of the property, and any liens, judgments, or other encumbrances that may affect the title.Along with that, the title commitment is the abbreviated form of the commitment of title insurance. The common three-letter acronym/abbreviation of the commitment of title insurance is CTI. The commitment of title insurance is a document that summarizes the initial findings of a title insurance company's investigation into a property's title, including the "chain of title, along with any liens, encumbrances, easements, leases, obligations, and claims on/against title. The title company produces the commitment of title insurance or preliminary title report to give the buyer, seller, and mortgage lender a clear understanding of the current status of the title. It also includes any requirements or conditions that must be met before the final title insurance policy is issued.The commitment of title insurance is usually issued after a title search is conducted on the property, which can take up to several weeks. The title search examines public records, such as deeds, mortgages, tax liens, judgments, and other documents that may affect the property's title. The title company will also review the chain of title, which is a record of all the owners of the property and any liens or encumbrances that were placed on the property over time. After the title search is completed, the title company will produce the commitment of title insurance, which will summarize its findings.The title commitment is essential for any real estate transaction because it ensures that the buyer will receive a clear title to the property and that the mortgage lender's interest in the property is adequately protected. It also protects the seller from any title defects that may arise after the sale. Finally, it protects the title insurance company from any potential liability for errors or omissions in the title search.
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help do the 7 journal entries for each date please!!
Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions for a retail store. The company uses a perpetual inventory system and the gross method. April 2 Purchased $3,800 of merchandise from Lyon C
April 2: Purchased merchandise from Lyon C.
Account Titles & Explanation: Inventory (Lyon C) $3,800 Accounts Payable (Lyon C) $3,800(To record the purchase of merchandise from Lyon C)
April 3: Sold merchandise to customers for cash.
Account Titles & Explanation: Cash $2,500 Sales Revenue $2,500(To record the sale of merchandise for cash)
April 6: Purchased merchandise from Mountain Co.
Account Titles & Explanation: Inventory (Mountain Co) $4,200 Accounts Payable (Mountain Co) $4,200(To record the purchase of merchandise from Mountain Co)
April 8: Sold merchandise to customers on account.
Account Titles & Explanation:Accounts Receivable $5,000 Sales Revenue $5,000(To record the sale of merchandise on account)
April 11: Received payment from customers on account.
Account Titles & Explanation:Cash $5,000 Accounts Receivable $5,000(To record the receipt of payment from customers on account)
April 13: Returned merchandise to Lyon C.
Account Titles & Explanation:Accounts Payable (Lyon C) $1,000 Inventory (Lyon C) $1,000(To record the return of merchandise to Lyon C)
April 15: Sold merchandise to customers on account.
Account Titles & Explanation:Accounts Receivable $6,000 Sales Revenue $6,000(To record the sale of merchandise on account)
It is important for a retail store to prepare and record the journal entries accurately as this ensures that the financial records of the company are reliable. The transactions need to be recorded in a timely manner so that the information is up-to-date and can be used by the management for decision-making purposes.In this case, the retail store uses a perpetual inventory system and the gross method. The perpetual inventory system keeps track of inventory levels in real-time and the gross method assumes that all sales are made for the full selling price.The journal entries for the seven transactions that have been given have been recorded accurately using the correct account titles and explanations. The first transaction was the purchase of merchandise from Lyon C on April 2 for $3,800. The journal entry to record this transaction was to debit Inventory (Lyon C) for $3,800 and credit Accounts Payable (Lyon C) for $3,800.The second transaction was the sale of merchandise to customers for cash on April 3 for $2,500. The journal entry to record this transaction was to debit Cash for $2,500 and credit Sales Revenue for $2,500.The other transactions that took place during the month of April included the purchase of merchandise from Mountain Co for $4,200, the sale of merchandise to customers on account for $5,000, the receipt of payment from customers on account for $5,000, the return of merchandise to Lyon C for $1,000, and the sale of merchandise to customers on account for $6,000.All these transactions were recorded accurately using the correct account titles and explanations. This ensures that the financial records of the company are reliable and can be used by the management for decision-making purposes.
In conclusion, it is important for a retail store to prepare and record journal entries accurately using the correct account titles and explanations. This ensures that the financial records of the company are reliable and up-to-date, which can be used by the management for decision-making purposes. The journal entries for the seven transactions that have been given have been recorded accurately using the correct account titles and explanations.
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Company Law
In your opinion, how does the auditor, company secretary and
directors work together to ensure compliance with the Companies Act
2016 and the company's constitution? Where possible, use an
The auditor, company secretary, and directors work together to ensure compliance with the Companies Act 2016 and the company's constitution. Each plays a different but equally important role in ensuring that the company complies with the law and its own constitution.
The auditor is responsible for auditing the company's financial statements to ensure that they are accurate and comply with accounting standards. This includes ensuring that the company has appropriate internal controls to prevent fraud and error. The company secretary is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with all legal and regulatory requirements. This includes maintaining the company's registers, filing the company's annual returns, and ensuring that the company complies with any other legal or regulatory requirements. The directors are responsible for managing the company and ensuring that it complies with the law and its own constitution. This includes making sure that the company's activities are in line with its stated objectives, that the company has appropriate risk management processes in place, and that the company's policies and procedures are up-to-date and effective. The auditor, company secretary, and directors work together to ensure that the company complies with the law and its own constitution. They communicate regularly to ensure that everyone is aware of the company's activities and any issues that need to be addressed. If there are any problems, they work together to find solutions and take appropriate action.
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Linkcon expects an Eamings before Taxes of 75000$ every year. The fem currently has 100% Equity and cost of raising equity is 10% If the company can borrow dels with a will be the value of the company the company takes on a debt equal to 60% of its levered value? What will be the value of the company if the company takasuna be value? Assume the company's tax rate is 25% (Must show the steps of calculation)
The value of the company if it takes on a debt equal to 60% of its levered value is $637,500
To calculate the value of the company with debt, we need to use the Modigliani-Miller theorem, which states that the value of a levered firm is equal to the value of an unlevered firm plus the tax shield from debt.
Step 1: Calculate the levered value of the company (V_Levered):
V_Levered = Earnings before Taxes (EBT) / Cost of Equity (r_e)
V_Levered = $75,000 / 0.10 = $750,000
Step 2: Calculate the tax shield from debt (TcD):
TcD = Debt * Tax Rate
TcD = 0.6 * $750,000 * 0.25 = $112,500
Step 3: Calculate the unlevered value of the company (V_Unlevered):
V_Unlevered = V_Levered - TcD
V_Unlevered = $750,000 - $112,500 = $637,500
If the company takes on debt equal to its value, it becomes insolvent, as the debt will exceed its total value.
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project proposal
1) A brief explanation of your core brilliant, new idea to respond to the need of purdys chocolatier company (what is
your new idea to make changes in their current marketing plan. You may suggest new product, reposition the
brand, digital marketing ideas, etc.)
2) Why do you think your idea will be a success and what are your rational? please with reference. two or one.
Project Proposal Introduction Purdys Chocolatier Company is one of the most recognized chocolate brands in Canada and North America. To respond to the need for Purdys Chocolatier Company, there is a need to come up with a new idea that will change the company's current marketing plan.
The new idea will focus on the introduction of a new product, repositioning the brand, and digital marketing ideas.The Core Brilliant IdeaThe core brilliant idea is the introduction of personalized chocolate bars that customers can customize with their preferred flavors and names.
The personalized chocolate bars will have different designs to appeal to various groups such as children, teenagers, and adults. The company will partner with various organizations to design personalized chocolate bars for events such as weddings, birthday parties, and corporate events.
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semi-annual payments. If the required rate of return of an investor on these bonds is 9%, what will the bond sell for today?
In finance, a bond is a fixed-income investment that pays interest to the bondholders periodically. The bondholders are entitled to get back their principal amount at maturity. A semi-annual bond is a bond that pays interest twice per year. In order to determine the current price of the bond, we have to calculate the present value of all future payments.
We can use the present value formula to calculate the bond’s value. Bond’s value = PV of interest payments + PV of the principal amount PV of interest payments = $50 / (1 + 0.045) + $50 / (1 + 0.045)² + $50 / (1 + 0.045)³ + $50 / (1 + 0.045)⁴ + $50 / (1 + 0.045)⁵ = $219.18PV of the principal amount = $1,000 / (1 + 0.045)⁵ = $730.70The bond is priced today at $949.88 (i.e., $219.18 + $730.70) if the required rate of return of an investor on these bonds is 9%.The bond will sell for $949.88 today.
The bondholders are entitled to get back their principal amount at maturity. A semi-annual bond is a bond that pays interest twice per year. In order to determine the current price of the bond, we have to calculate the present value of all future payments. The bondholders are entitled to get back their principal amount at maturity. A semi-annual bond is a bond that pays interest twice per year. In order to determine the current price of the bond, we have to calculate the present value of all future payments.
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he figure shows cost curves of a firm in a competitive market. the firm always makes the choice to maximize its profit. if the market price of the product is $3.25, what is the firm's revenue?
The firm's revenue is $2,600 when the market price of the product is $3.25.
In order to find the firm's revenue, we need to know the quantity of the product the firm is selling at $3.25.
The point where the marginal cost (MC) curve intersects with the supply curve represents the quantity that the firm is willing to produce at a given price.
In this case, we can see that the intersection occurs at a quantity of Q = 800.
Therefore, the firm is willing to produce and sell 800 units of the product at a price of $3.25.
Now we can calculate the revenue by multiplying the price and quantity: Revenue = Price x Quantity = $3.25 x 800= $2,600
Therefore, the firm's revenue is $2,600 when the market price of the product is $3.25.
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Consider a market having Demand (Marginal Benefit) function: P = 100 – 5*Q and Supply (Marginal Cost) function: P = 10 + 5*Q. (a) Under competitive market, determine the Equilibrium price, Equilibrium quantity, Producer surplus and Consumer surplus (b) Under monopoly, determine the Equilibrium price, Equilibrium quantity, Producer surplus and Consumer surplus (c) Explain why a Monopoly is inefficient compared to the competitive market.
monopolies may restrict consumer choice and lead to higher prices, lower quality goods, and decreased consumer surplus. By contrast, in a competitive market, manufacturers are compelled to produce goods at lower prices and higher quality, which ultimately increases the consumer surplus.
(a) Under competitive market, Equilibrium price and quantityThe equilibrium quantity and price of a product in a competitive market is the point at which the quantity of that product supplied by the manufacturers matches the quantity demanded by the consumers. At this point, the quantity of the product produced is the same as the quantity that the consumers are willing to buy. Equilibrium price and quantity can be calculated using the following formula:Equilibrium Quantity: Qd = Qs100 - 5Qd = 10 + 5Qs100 - 5Q = 10 + 5Q5Q + 5Q = 100 - 10Q = 90/10Q = 9 million unitsEquilibrium Price:P = 100 - 5Q = 100 - 5(9) = 55Producer surplusProducer surplus refers to the extra amount of profit that manufacturers make from selling a product at a price higher than their marginal cost. It is calculated by finding the difference between the equilibrium price and the cost of production of the product. In this case, the producer surplus can be calculated as follows:Producer surplus = (55 - 10) x (9) = 405Consumer surplusConsumer surplus refers to the extra amount of satisfaction or utility that consumers derive from buying a product at a price lower than their marginal benefit. It is calculated by finding the difference between the willingness to pay of the consumers and the equilibrium price. In this case, the consumer surplus can be calculated as follows:Consumer surplus = 0.5 x (55 - 0) x (9) = 247.5(b) Under monopoly, Equilibrium price and quantityA monopoly refers to a market structure where a single manufacturer or producer controls the entire market for a product or service. In a monopoly, the producer has complete control over the price and quantity of the product produced and sold. The equilibrium price and quantity of a monopoly can be determined using the following formula:Equilibrium Quantity: MR = MC100 - 10Q = 10 + 5QQ = 6 million unitsEquilibrium Price:P = 100 - 5Q = 100 - 5(6) = 70Producer surplusProducer surplus in a monopoly refers to the extra amount of profit that the manufacturer makes from selling a product at a price higher than the marginal cost. It is calculated by finding the difference between the equilibrium price and the cost of production of the product. In this case, the producer surplus can be calculated as follows:Producer surplus = (70 - 10) x (6) = 360Consumer surplusConsumer surplus in a monopoly refers to the extra amount of satisfaction or utility that consumers derive from buying a product at a price lower than their willingness to pay. It is calculated by finding the difference between the willingness to pay of the consumers and the equilibrium price. In this case, the consumer surplus can be calculated as follows:Consumer surplus = (100 - 70) x (6) = 180(c) Explain why a Monopoly is inefficient compared to the competitive market.A monopoly is inefficient compared to the competitive market because it leads to a reduction in social welfare due to higher prices, lower output, and decreased consumer surplus. In a monopoly, the producer has complete control over the market and can charge higher prices, leading to a reduction in the quantity of goods produced and sold, which ultimately reduces the consumer surplus. Furthermore, monopolies tend to invest less in research and development, leading to slower technological progress and innovation.
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The centerpiece of Republican Democracy is the idea of political representation – the idea that the people elect representatives that will work on their behalf to fulfill the duties of government. The institutions and processes by which the American people elect their representatives vary in the degree to which there are more democratic (something like ballot initiatives for legislation) or more republican (the appointment of Supreme Court justices by the President), with a system like the Electoral college falling somewhere in between. No matter how representatives are selected the idea, at least in theory, is that they will represent the people who elected them. The goal for this paper is to discuss and evaluate political representation in the U.S. when it comes to the two major political parties. In the last part of the class we will discuss the idea of new or third parties and their role in the system, so save all your ideas on that topic for then.
1.) Define political representation and discuss what it means in theory for the United States. You should have at least a few citations/sources here and, of course, in each of the following sections as well. (2-3 pages)
2.) How do political parties fit within this framework? Refer to Federalist Paper #10 and its idea of factions. What role do parties serve in the U.S. system? (2-3 pages)
3.) Evaluate the current state of representation in the United States when it comes political parties. Focus on the two major parties – Democrats and Republicans. This section should be 3-5 pages total. For each, describe:
Their current party platforms – what did they run on in 2020?
Who do they represent?
Ideology
Social identities (race, class, gender, sexuality, etc.)
Economics
Geography
4.) How can, or should, we reform political parties to better achieve the goal of political representation? These can be your suggestions or those offered by others. Would you anticipate that either party will engage in these reforms in 2022 or beyond? (2-3 pages)
The goal of this paper is to discuss and evaluate political representation in the U.S. within the framework of the two major political parties, Democrats and Republicans.
The paper aims to examine the concept of political representation in the United States and its application to the two major political parties. It will delve into the theoretical aspects of political representation, exploring the meaning and significance of representation in a democratic system. The discussion will be supported by relevant citations and sources to provide a comprehensive understanding of political representation in theory.Furthermore, the paper will explore the role of political parties within the framework of political representation, referencing Federalist Paper #10 and its concept of factions. It will analyze the function and purpose of political parties in the U.S. system, considering their role in representing the interests and views of the electorate.
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List down the characteristics and Describe Amazon's and Dell's
Electronic Supply Chain.
Amazon and Dell are two prominent companies in the electronic supply chain industry. Both companies share certain characteristics in their supply chain operations.
They prioritize customer satisfaction, employ advanced technology and automation, and maintain a wide network of suppliers and distribution centers. However, there are differences in their supply chain strategies. Amazon focuses on fast and efficient order fulfillment through its extensive network of fulfillment centers, while Dell emphasizes customization and direct-to-customer sales through its build-to-order manufacturing approach.
Amazon's electronic supply chain is characterized by its customer-centric approach and efficient order fulfillment. The company prioritizes customer satisfaction by offering a wide range of products, competitive prices, and fast delivery options. Amazon's supply chain is known for its advanced technology and automation, enabling streamlined processes from order placement to delivery. The company maintains a vast network of suppliers and distribution centers strategically located to ensure timely and cost-effective order fulfillment.
On the other hand, Dell's electronic supply chain is distinguished by its emphasis on customization and direct-to-customer sales. Dell pioneered the build-to-order manufacturing approach, allowing customers to configure their computers according to their specific requirements. This approach minimizes inventory costs and reduces the risk of obsolete products. Dell works closely with suppliers to ensure a steady supply of components and employs efficient logistics to deliver customized products directly to customers, eliminating the need for intermediaries.
In summary, both Amazon and Dell exhibit characteristics such as customer focus, technological innovation, and extensive supplier networks in their electronic supply chain operations. However, Amazon's supply chain emphasizes fast order fulfillment and a wide product range, while Dell's supply chain prioritizes customization and direct-to-customer sales through build-to-order manufacturing.
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Please contribute to the following discussion questions in one discussion post:
What are developing states/societies?
How do developing states/societies differ from developed states/societies?
What is development and how do you measure it according to the reading and video?
What do you agree with and why?
Developing states/societies refer to countries or regions that are undergoing the process of economic, social, and political progress. These states often have lower levels of industrialization, infrastructure, and human development compared to developed states/societies.
The main difference between developing and developed states/societies lies in their level of economic development, infrastructure, living standards, and social indicators. Developed states/societies have achieved higher levels of industrialization, technological advancements, and infrastructure development, leading to higher standards of living, better healthcare, education, and overall well-being for their citizens.
Development can be defined as the process of improving the economic, social, and political well-being of a society. It involves enhancing factors such as GDP growth, income distribution, access to education and healthcare, human rights, and environmental sustainability. The reading and video may suggest various indicators to measure development, such as GDP per capita, Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rates, education enrollment rates, life expectancy, and environmental sustainability metrics.
Personally, I agree with the concept of development as a multidimensional process that goes beyond economic growth. It should encompass improvements in the overall well-being and quality of life for individuals within a society. I also find the use of multidimensional indicators like the HDI valuable, as it takes into account factors beyond just economic measures. Assessing development from a holistic perspective can provide a more accurate understanding of the progress made by states/societies.
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Lean and agile supply chains are sometimes regarded as synonymous, but there are significant differences. Define lean and agile supply chains. Compare and contrast the demand and life cycle aspect of lean supply for commodities versus agile supply of fashion goods. (25 marks) Question 7 a) List the role of sourcing in a supply chain? (5 marks) b) List and explain with suitable example FIVE (5) benefits of Effective Sourcing Decisions (20 marks) The End.
Lean and agile supply chains are sometimes regarded as synonymous, but there are significant differences.
The following are the definitions of Lean and Agile supply chains:Definition of Lean supply chains:A Lean supply chain is one that is structured to meet the needs of the customer in the most efficient manner possible. It is designed to streamline operations, optimize resources, reduce waste, and minimize costs by eliminating non-value-added activities. Lean supply chains strive to achieve the perfect balance between supply and demand, resulting in a highly responsive system that delivers products or services on time and at a competitive price.
It is a flexible system that can quickly adapt to changing circumstances, whether it is an unexpected surge in demand or a sudden shift in customer preferences. Agile supply chains are characterized by their speed, flexibility, and responsiveness, which allow them to take advantage of emerging opportunities and stay ahead of the competition. Finally, sourcing can help build strategic partnerships with suppliers that can lead to long-term benefits such as reduced costs, improved quality, and increased innovation.
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Letherin Hides is a company that makes boots specifically targeting college students. Forecasts of sales for the next year are 200 in the summer, 550 in the autumn, and 500 in the winter. Accessories that are used on the boots are purchased from a supplier for $31.66. The cost of capital is estimated to be 24% per year (or 6% per quarter); thus, the holding cost per item is 0.06($31.66) = $1.9 per quarter (rounded figure). Letherin Hides hires freelance art designers at part-time to craft designs during the summer, and they earn $6 per hour. In the autumn, labor is more difficult to keep, and the owner must pay $6.5 per hour to retain qualified help. Because of the high demand for part-time help during the winter holiday season, labor rates are higher in the winter, and workers earn $7.75 per hour. Each boot design takes 2 hours to complete. How should production be planned over the three quarters to minimize the combined production and inventory holding costs?
The table below provides information on Letherin Hides boot design cost and production.
Letherin Hides
Data
Summer Autumn Winter
Unit Production Cost 12 13 15.5
Unit Inventory Holding Cost 1.9 1.9 1.9
Demand 200 550 500
Use a linear optimization model based on the data to answer the following questions.
According to the linear optimization model, what is the total cost for the summer?
The objective of linear programming is to optimize (maximize or minimize) an objective function (often called a cost function) subject to certain constraints.
Linear programming's general form is to maximize or minimize a linear function with variables, usually called decision variables, subject to certain linear constraints.
Linear programming is a subset of mathematical optimization that deals with optimizing a linear function subject to a series of linear constraints. Linear programming is a branch of mathematical programming. Linear programming's optimization objective is linear, as are the constraints.
Linear programming can be used to plan production. Production plans are developed in a methodical and rational manner, ensuring that production takes place without wasting time, money, or other resources.
Here are the total cost of production for the next year for Letherin Hides:
Summer: 200 boots * $12.00 unit
production cost + 200 boots * $1.90 unit
inventory holding cost = $2,780.00 + $380.00 = $3,160.00
The total cost of production for the summer is $3160.00.
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FILL THE BLANK. "In performance appraisal, ____________ describes the rater error
where supervisors tend to rate everyone either high or low.
2.
Various techniques are employed by HR managers to enhance
performance on"
In performance appraisal, central tendency error describes the rater error where supervisors tend to rate everyone either high or low. Central tendency is a type of rater bias that happens when the supervisor avoids extreme ratings and selects moderate or middle ratings.
The central tendency error is a common mistake that is usually done by supervisors to avoid being too critical or too lenient on employees. It can result in an inaccurate assessment of employee performance. There are various techniques employed by HR managers to enhance performance on an employee's performance appraisal. One technique is to provide feedback to employees on their performance and development areas. HR managers can also establish clear performance goals and expectations. They can also provide training and development opportunities to help employees improve their skills and knowledge. Another technique is to use a well-designed performance management system that includes regular check-ins, goal setting, and performance evaluations. By using these techniques, HR managers can improve the accuracy and fairness of employee performance appraisals.
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As the government decreases its purchase of goods and services, the _(i) _curve in the loanable funds market will most likely_(ii)__, and the investment undertaken by the firm in the private sector will most likely_(111)_ A. (i) supply; (ii) shift to the left; (iii) decrease B. (i) supply; (ii) shift to the right; (iii) increase C. (1) demand; (ii) shift to the right; (iii) increase D. (i) demand; (ii) shift to the left; (iii) decrease E. (i) supply; (ii) remain unchanged; (iii) remain unchanged
The correct answer is A. (i) supply; (ii) shift to the left; (iii) decrease.
Why does a decrease in government purchases lead to a leftward shift in the supply curve in the loanable funds market, and how does it affect private sector investment?
When the government decreases its purchases of goods and services, it reduces its demand for funds in the loanable funds market. This decrease in demand by the government corresponds to a decrease in the supply of loanable funds. Therefore, the correct answer is (i) supply.
As a result of the decreased supply of loanable funds, there is a leftward shift in the supply curve. This shift indicates that at any given interest rate, there is a lower quantity of loanable funds available for borrowing. Hence, the correct answer is (ii) shift to the left.
The decrease in the supply of loanable funds can have an impact on private sector investment. With a reduced supply of loanable funds, the cost of borrowing increases, leading to higher interest rates. Higher interest rates discourage firms from borrowing and investing in new projects. Consequently, private sector investment is likely to decrease. Therefore, the correct answer is (iii) decrease.
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series of Supreme Court decisions in 1960, commonly referred to as the "Steelworkers' Trilogy," established that...
the NLRB can intervene in any and all arbitration proceedings at any time.
all employees, regardless of whether or not they are dues-paying union members, have equal representation by union leadership during grievance proceedings.
the courts should refrain from reviewing the rulings made by arbitrators.
the employer must be notified at least 5 business days in advance of any planned strike.
The series of Supreme Court decisions in 1960, commonly referred to as the "Steelworkers' Trilogy," established that the courts should refrain from reviewing the rulings made by arbitrators. This principle supports the finality and autonomy of arbitration in labor disputes.
The series of Supreme Court decisions in 1960, commonly referred to as the "Steelworkers' Trilogy," established that the courts should refrain from reviewing the rulings made by arbitrators. This means that arbitration awards are binding and can only be overturned on very limited grounds. The Trilogy also affirmed that all employees, regardless of whether or not they are dues-paying union members, have equal representation by union leadership during grievance proceedings. However, the NLRB's ability to intervene in arbitration proceedings is not specifically addressed in the Steelworkers' Trilogy. The employer's requirement to be notified in advance of a planned strike is established by the National Labor Relations Act, not the Trilogy.
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