B) promote alternate DNA repair mechanisms in normal cells. Mutations in certain DNA repair mechanisms increase the vulnerability to different cancer forms.
While it is illogical to believe that stopping DNA repair processes could be a viable strategy for eliminating cancer cells, careful identification of DNA repair proteins that play essential roles in maintaining DNA integrity is a strategy that appears to have promise in the arsenal of cancer treatments.
Long recognized as a contributing element in the development of cancer, DNA damage. Erroneous DNA repair can result in mutations or chromosomal abnormalities that influence tumor suppressor and oncogene genes, causing aggressive development in cells. Cancer can be caused by genetic abnormalities. However, DNA damage continues to offer a crucial route for chemo and radiation, in addition to being a primary factor in the genesis of cancer.
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in the desert, cactus seedlings only grow underneath trees or shrubs. the trees and shrubs provide shade, leaf litter for fertilization and moisture retention, and some protection from predators. what type of relationship do the cactus seedlings have with the trees and shrubs?
The type of relationship cactus seedlings have with the trees and shrubs is symbiotic relationship.
The Sahuaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea), often known as a nurse plant, is frequently seen in the Sonoran Desert near canopies of trees and bushes. The local loss of specific nursing trees seems to be accelerated by this interaction, leading to a predictable pattern of species replacement. Thus, the cactus exhibit a symbiotic relationship with tress or shrubs in the desert.
The saguaro plays a crucial role in the Tohono O'odham people's culture and offers food and shelter to a variety of desert species. According to some reports, the saguaro can be ecologically related to almost every other species in its range, including people.
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20 points
What is the main purpose of the cell cycle?
A. To increase the number of chromosomes in each cell for each generation
B. Growth and repair of cells
C. Increase the volume of the cell
D. Support the cell theory
Answer:
A
Explanation:
is for cells to grow, develop and carry on their metabolic functions
what are some lines of evidence that suggest that small rnas may have initially evolved to protect the genome?
In certain species, they are implicated in the silencing of transposable elements in the germline. Cells can employ them to destroy viral RNA.
Numerous biological activities in plants, such as growth, metabolism, preservation of genomic integrity, defense against pathogens, and responses to abiotic stress are regulated by small RNAs. There is mounting evidence that short RNAs are essential for controlling how diseases interact with plants.
Molecular cues that specify the epigenetic stages of cells can also be provided by RNAs. To produce the long-lasting effects required for cellular memory & transgenerational inheritance, small RNAs can work alone or in conjunction with chromatin changes.
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Is a reduction division which produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
Half of the chromosomes found in somatic cells, or the body's typical diploid cells, are found in gametes. Meiosis, a type of cell division that cuts the number of chromosomes in a parent diploid cell in half, produces haploid gametes.
Meiosis I, as was mentioned earlier, is the initial round of nuclear division that takes place during the development of gametes. Due to the fact that the resulting cells have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell, it is also referred to as the reduction division.
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Which type of atom is typically released when a uv photon interacts with a chlorofluorocarbon?.
A chlorine atom is generally produced when a UV photon interacts with a chlorofluorocarbon.
When a UV photon interacts with a CFC, the connection between the chlorine and fluorine atoms is broken, resulting in the release of a chlorine atom.
What exactly are chlorofluorocarbons?
Are a class of synthetic compounds that comprise carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. They are known to be extremely harmful to the ozone layer and are primarily released into the atmosphere through the use of aerosol products, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems.
What are the primary sources of CFC gas?
Chlorofluorocarbons were released into the air by refrigerators, air conditioners, various sprays, fire extinguishers, and paints. And this emission contributed to the ozone layer's depletion.
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The wall of the bladder has four layers. Which of the following layers contains a membrane that prevents reabsorption of urine stored in the bladder?
Mucosal
Adventitia
Detrusor
Connective tissue
Mucosal layer prevents the reabsorption of urine stored in the bladder.
What are the layers in the wall of urine ?
The wall of the urinary bladder has four layers. From the inside towards the outside they are: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia. The outside layer is either serosa or adventitia.
The inner lining of the urinary bladder is a mucous membrane of transitional epithelium that is continuous with that in the ureters. When the bladder is empty, the mucosa has numerous folds called rugae. The rugae and transitional epithelium allow the bladder to expand as it fills.
Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney. Two ureters. These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
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Cell division is the process of taking a parent cell and splitting it into 2 new genetically identical daughter cells. All organisms go through the process of cell division. What do bacteria use cell division for and how?.
However, in the case of a bacterium, cell division serves purposes other than simply producing more cells for the organism. Instead, it is how bacteria multiply, or increase the number of bacteria in a population.
What does cell division entail and why is it important?When people talk about "cell division," they typically mean mitosis, which is the process of creating new cells for the body. The cell division process known as meiosis is what produces egg and sperm cells. A vital process for life is mitosis.
How do bacteria divide their cells?In bacteria, cell division takes place when the membrane and peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the envelope layers infiltrate to form a septum that divides the cell into two compartments. Later on, the septal PG is hydrolyzed.
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in the figure, a straight wire carries a steady current i perpendicular to the plane of the page. a bar is in contact with a pair of circular rails, and rotates about the straight wire. the direction of the induced current through the resistor r is
The direction of the induced current through the resistor r is, option c there is no induced current through the resistor.
Induced current is the current that occurs when a conducting loop is subjected to a changing magnetic field. The following points are used to discuss the production of induced current:
There are a number of ways induced current can be produced when the conducting loop is exposed to a change in the magnetic field:
-By altering the magnetic field's strength.
- Inserting and removing the conductor from the magnetic field.
-Changing the distance between the conducting loop and the magnet.
-By altering the loop's area within the steady magnetic field.
in the image attached
The area vector is always perpendicular to the field.
So that
B.A=0.
Thus, The resistor conducts no induced current.
The correct answer is c.
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(Complete question)
in the figure, a straight wire carries a steady current is perpendicular to the plane of the page. a bar is in contact with a pair of circular rails and rotates about the straight wire. the direction of the induced current through the resistor r is
a. from a to b
b. from b to a
c. there is no induced current through the resistor
*Image attached*
You want to fertilize a large tree with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). Discuss the importance of fertilizer placement for each of these elements for successful fertilization.
In commercial fertilizers, the "Big 3" primary nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, or NPK. These essential elements all have a significant impact on plant nutrition.
Plants absorb nitrogen more than any other element in fertilizers, making it the most crucial nutrient. For plants to grow and thrive, large quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are required. Plants that are nourished properly are more prolific and healthy. But if you don't add fertilizer, your soil could not provide enough nutrients for maximum development. Because it promotes root, stock, and fruit growth, phosphorus is essential for crop growth. Crop soil deficient in phosphorus will result in flimsy plants that are prone to withering, discolouration, and subpar fruit. In order for water to be retained and absorbed in agricultural soil, potassium is essential.
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List the different process that occur for each transport process.
active transport and passive transport
The different process that occur for each transport process Osmosis is facilitated by a diffusion gradient. Movement is from high to low concentration no energy required. Only a passive membrane would be required.
What is energy transformation?The question is incomplete as the system is not shown but I will try to help you the much I can. First of all, this question deals with the idea of energy transformation. We must note that energy is neither created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.
The system ought to have been composed of many systems in which energy transformations occur ad each of these must obey the law stated above. These energy transformation are not 100% efficient as some energy is lost as heat along the way.
Therefore, The different process that occur for each transport process Osmosis is facilitated by a diffusion gradient. Movement is from high to low concentration no energy required. Only a passive membrane would be required.
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you should notice that two of these three amino acids are the same despite being encoded by different codons, an example of the genetic code being
Two different amino acids are being encoded by different codons because they have to connect to different transfer RNA (tRNA) in different organisms.
There are 2 steps in the DNA sequence needed to be processed to become polypeptides/proteins. Transcription and translation. Transcription is a process from DNA sequence to mRNA. The translation is from mRNA being ‘translated’ into a protein chain/polypeptide.
In fact, different kinds of organisms encode amino acid chains using different kinds of codons. So even if codon series differ in two or more kinds of organisms, they will have the same protein produced.
Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question: why do some codons code for the same amino acid as another codon?
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because ginseng has bright-red seed heads that develop from its flowers after pollination, ginseng is a(n
Because ginseng has bright-red seed heads that develop from its flowers after pollination, ginseng is a angiosperm in the Plantae.
Pollen grains are moved from a flower's male anther to its female stigma during the process of pollination. Producing young for the following generation is the aim of every living thing, including plants. The process of generating seeds is one method that plants can reproduce. The process of pollination, which is most frequently carried out by an animal or the wind, involves moving pollen from an anther of a plant to its stigma in order to facilitate fertilisation and the subsequent development of seeds.
Flowers and fruits with seeds are produced by angiosperm plants. Out of all known live green plants, angiosperms make up about 80% of the total.
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Neurexins are cell adhesion proteins that are important for connecting neurons at the synapse. Mammals have 3 neurexin genes. However, 2000 forms of neurexin proteins are found in cells where they play a role in determining synapse specificity. What mechanism most likely underlies this diversity?.
The mechanism that most likely underlies diversity associated with 2000 forms of neurexin proteins that are found in cells where they play a role in determining synapse specificity is alternative mRNA splicing.
What is the cellular process of alternative mRNA splicing?The cellular process of alternative mRNA splicing refers to the linking of the exons during the processing of the primary mRNA transcript after transcription, which is well known to increase the types of proteins that can be obtained from a particular gene sequence.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cellular process of alternative mRNA splicing is a cellular process associated with the formation of different forms of a gene which are called isoforms and this process is related to the huge diversity of similar proteins we can found in an organism which are generated by a single gene.
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Speckled chickens created by parents with feathers of two different colors(some black and some white). What are these chickens an example of?
A. codominance
B. incomplete dominance
C. multiple alleles
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Which type of moderately repetitive dna would be least likely to change its location in the genome?.
The least probable type of tRNA gene to move within the genome is one with a somewhat repetitive DNA sequence.
What kind of DNA sequence is seen most frequently in eukaryotic genomes?Abstract. The majority of the nuclear DNA in most eukaryotic genomes is composed of repetitive DNA, which are sequence motifs repeated hundreds or thousands of times throughout the genome.
Is a DNA sequence's specific position known?Repetitive DNA sequences are abundant in eukaryotic genomes and are present in multiple copies (thousands, in some cases). The term "unique-sequence DNA" is used to describe the coding sections of genes, which are normally found in a single copy per haploid genome.
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consider that a plant with genotype rr has red flowers and a plant with genotype ww has white flowers. this plant species expresses incomplete dominance for flower color when the plant is heterozygous. the offspring of a cross between an rr plant and a ww plant would be (1 point) responses red and pink. red and pink. pink and white. pink and white. all white. all white. all pink.
When this plant species is heterozygous, the allele for red color is dominant over the allele for white color in the progeny of a cross between an RR plant and a WW plant. This plant species exhibits incomplete dominance for flower color. However, the blooms that are heterozygous for both alleles are pink.
What is incomplete dominance?
When an allele for a given trait is not fully expressed over its matched allele, it is said to exhibit incomplete dominance.
Between the red and white colored flowers, a monohybrid cross was made. Take into account that the pure breed of the red flower carries the RR pair of alleles, whereas the pure breed of the white flower carries the WW pair of alleles.
First, true-breeding flowers of the colors red (RR) and white (WW) were crossed. A pink flower with the Rr pair of alleles was created by the F1 generation.
After then, the F1 offspring was self-pollinated. This produced flowers that were red (RR), pink (RW), and white (WW), in that order.
Keep in mind that Mendel's monohybrid cross also produced the 1:2:1 genotype ratio for the F2 generation. However, from 3:1 to 1:2:1, the phenotypic ratio has changed. This variation is a result of the allele R's partial dominance over the allele W.
As a result, flowers' colors began to blend.
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how do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries? illustration of lymphatic capillaries interacting with a systemic capillary bed. how do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries? illustration of lymphatic capillaries interacting with a systemic capillary bed. the walls of lymphatic capillaries are composed of endothelium. fluid flows in one direction in lymphatic capillaries. lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable. lymphatic capillaries are dead-end tubes.
Blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries are similar, but lymphatic capillaries have closed ends and a bigger diameter.Unlike blood capillaries, lymph capillaries allow fluid entry but not exit through the cell walls.It is only capable of progress.Your lymphatic system includes lymphatic capillaries.
What distinguishes lymphatic capillaries from blood capillaries?
What distinguishes lymphatic capillaries from blood capillaries?have closed ends and are slightly larger in size than blood capillaries .They have a special structure that allows inter fluid to flow in and not escape.
How are veins and capillaries structured differently from lymphatic vessels?Lymphatic vessels have a structure similar to veins but are more numerous.Similar in size to veins, lymphatics have thinner walls, larger valves, a broader range in caliber, but less tortuous paths through the tissue than veins.Along their length, they also have lymph nodes in various locations.
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Buffalo graze on the grasses of the North American plains, while yaks graze on grass in northern Asia. How do Darwin's categories of species variation apply to this comparison?
They both adapted to be able to eat what vegetation was thriving at that time.
Natural selection is the process by which living organism populations adapt and change. Individuals in a population are naturally variable, which means they differ in some ways. This variation indicates that some people have traits that are better suited to their environment than others.
Natural selection is the process by which advantageous traits become more likely in future generations. Adaptation is a trait that changes depending on the environment. Natural selection results in adaptation, or a population dominated by organisms that are anatomically, behaviorally, and physiologically well suited to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
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explain why a genetically engineered plasmid would be engineered with ampicillin resistance and the lacz gene?
If the bacteria develops on an ampicillin plate and becomes blue as a result of the lacZ gene's hydrolysis of x-gal, this offers two forms of evidence that the bacteria has indeed incorporated the plasmid.
The majority of bacteria are free-living, omnipresent organisms that frequently just have one biological cell. They make up a sizable group of prokaryotic bacteria. Bacteria, which are typically a few micrometers long and were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, are found in most of its habitats. A plasmid is a little DNA molecule found inside a cell that can replicate on its own while being physically distinct from chromosomal DNA. Plasmids are used in recombinant DNA technology as cloning vectors for transferring and modifying genes because of their capacity for autonomous replication.
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The fungus pictured belongs to the one fungal phylum (Chytridiomycota) that has flagellated cells in its life cycle. The character state should be considered primitive since flagella are also found in more distantly related organisms such as animals. Thus, other fungi presumably belong to one or a few lineages that have lost the flagellum. True False
True. Flagella can be present in all direction of the organism or maybe absent totally.
Flagella is a locomotory appendage of most of the bacteria. As according to the question, primitively fungi used to have flagella but since lineages they evolved and lost it.
The vegetative body of a fungus is a unicellular or multicellular thallus. Unicellular fungi are called yeasts. Multicellular fungi produce threadlike hyphae. Dimorphic fungi can change from the unicellular to multicellular state depending on environmental conditions.
Most members of the kingdom Fungi are nonmotile. However, flagella are produced by the spores and gametes in the primitive Phylum Chytridiomycota. The vegetative body of a fungus is a unicellular or multicellular thallus. Unicellular fungi are called yeasts. Multicellular fungi produce threadlike hyphae.
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(e) a corn farmer wanting to decrease the ecological footprint of the operation decides to shift from producing a monoculture of corn to producing a polyculture of corn, soybeans, and wheat. explain how this change in business practice will affect the ecological footprint of the farm.
This change in business practice will affect the ecological footprint of the farm as farmers will not have to use fertilizers on the farm.
The practice of cultivating multiple crop species simultaneously in the same area is known as polyculture. Polyculture attempts to imitate the diversity of natural ecosystems in this way.
The nutrients in the soil are balanced by the crops in a polyculture. There are crops that take nitrogen from the soil and others that add nitrogen to the soil. This means that the farmer wouldn't have to use as much fertilizer on the farm, which would have a smaller impact on the environment.
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when you arrive at work, you are unable to park your car in your assigned spot because someone has already parked there. what type of enzyme process could this be related to?
When you can't park because there's a car exactly where you normally park. This problem discusses enzymes that are analogous to a car that will park. The parking space represents the active site, the car is the substrate, and the other cars already in that space are the competition inhibition.
Competitive inhibitors are molecules blocking the active site so that the substrate must compete with the inhibitor for attachment to the enzyme. A non-competitive inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme somewhere other than the active site and reduces its effectiveness.
Competitive inhibitors cause side reactions that produce enzyme-inhibitor complexes and reduce the product formed.
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when two secondary oocytes are released from the ovaries and are fertilized by different sperm cells, this is called:
Answer: paternal twins
Explanation:
olney, il, is known for its white squirrel population. in this squirrel population, assume that 10% of the genes are for albino coat color and 90% are for gray coat. if hardyweinberg assumptions are true, what percentage of the squirrels are heterozygous?
Olney, il, is known for its white squirrel population. in this squirrel population, assume that 10% of the genes are for albino coat color and 90% are for gray coat. if hardyweinberg assumptions are true, 18 percent of the squirrels are heterozygous.
What do you mean by heterozygous?
When two alleles of the same gene are paired at the same spot (locus) on a chromosome, it is referred to as being heterozygous. Contrarily, homozygous occurs when the same allele is present at the same locus in two copies.
The words "hetero" and "zygous," which refer to a fertilized egg or zygote, respectively, are the roots of the word heterozygous.
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Proteins are an important part of all organism’s structure and functioning. The biomolecule responsible for holding the blueprints to make all of these proteins is found in which biomolecule?
A- Nucleic acids
B- Fatty acids
C- Amino acids
D- Carbohydrates
A researcher is examining the dna sequences of a group of mice. He notices that in one of the mice, one nucleotide pair is substituted with another in the part of the dna sequence that codes for fur color. However, despite the substitution, the mouse still has the same fur color as the other mice with the correct dna sequence. Why does this substitution of nucleotides in the mouse not change its phenotype, or physical characteristics?.
The mouse's DNA is entirely distinct from that of the other mice. When one DNA nucleotide in a gene's protein-coding region changes without changing the order of amino acids that make up the protein that the gene codes for, the change is called a silent mutation.
What does the mouse's nucleotide substitution not do?A mutation known as a silent mutation does not affect the amino acid and hence has no effect on how the protein functions. The replacement mutation in the fur color gene was a quiet mutation, therefore it had no effect on the final phenotype.
When is a DNA-based protein generated by a cell necessary?When a cell wants to synthesize a certain protein, transcription from DNA produces messenger RNA (mRNA).
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If the cystic fibrosis allele protects against tuberculosis the same way the sickle-cell allele prusacts against malaria, then which of the following should true of a comparison between regions with and without tuberculosis? a. Cystic fibrosis deaths should be more common in regions with tuberculosis. b. Cystic fibrosis deaths should be less common in regions with tuberculosis. c. Cystic fibrosis deaths should be equally common in both types of regions. d. Regional differences in the cystic fibrosis death rate should be purely random and unpredictable.
The correct answer option(a) Cystic fibrosis deaths should be more common in the regions with tuberculosis.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs. Long-term issues include difficulty in breathing and coughing up mucus from lung infections. In a region where tuberculosis is present, cyctic fibrosis death will increase.
What are 5 symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
People with CF can have a variety of symptoms, including:
Very salty-tasting skin.Persistent coughing, at times with phlegm.Frequent lung infections including pneumonia or bronchitis.Wheezing or shortness of breath.Poor growth or weight gain in spite of a good appetite.Learn more about Cystic fibrosis to visit this link
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which of the following exerts tonic (ongoing) inhibition over the va/vl thalamic nuclei? striatum substantia nigra pars compacta subthalamic nucleus globus pallidus
The va/vl thalamic nucleus are under the tonic (constant) inhibition of the globus pallidus.
Therefore, the subthalamus is disinhibited as a result of the striatum's functional inhibition of the external globus pallidus. Because of this, the subthalamic neurons become more active, stimulating the globus pallidus' internal segment, which ultimately suppresses the thalamic nuclei. The indirect pathway produces, or reinforces, the normal inhibition of the thalamus, whereas the direct pathway results in the dysregulation of a thalamus nucleus (inhibition of one cell on a target cell that subsequently inhibits the first cell). The principal output of the BG is provided by GABAergic neurons of the pars reticulata, which inhibit thalamic neurons, as well as dopaminergic nucleus of the pars compacta, which regulate thalamic excitability. Together, these two types of neurons make up the substantia nigra (SN).
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A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to.
To keep equilibrium. Since lizards have cold blood, the environment affects how hot or cold they are.
Why do lizards take a sunbath after a big meal?Lizards and other creatures with chilly blood soak up the light to stay warm. A recent study reveals that they also do it for the vitamin D. It has long been believed that lizards exclusively bask in order to regulate their body temperatures.
When lizards bask in the sun, what is that known as?Animals, particularly birds, reptiles, and insects, use the thermoregulatory or comfort behavior of sunning or basking, sometimes also referred to as sunbathing, to help raise their body temperature, lower the energy required for temperature maintenance, or for comfort.
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How could an activator influence gene expression at a promoter far away from the place that it binds dna?.