Serratia marcescens bacteria are used for the production of threonine. The maximum specific oxygen uptake rate of S. marcescens in batch culture is 4 mmol O2 g-1 h-1. It is planned to operate the fermenter to achieve a maximum cell density of 50 g l-1. At the fermentation temperature and pressure, the solubility of oxygen in the culture liquid is 8 × 10^-3 kg m^-3. The concentration of oxygen in the culture liquid is 0.5 × 10^-3 kg m^-3. At a particular stirrer speed, kLa is 0.17 s^-1.

Required:
Under these conditions, will the rate of cell metabolism be limited by mass transfer?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The rate of cell metabolism is limited by mass transfer since the value of maximum cell concentration obtained (38 g/l) is lower than 50 g l-1, the value planed.

Explanation:

                                                     Data

kLa = 0.17/s

Solubility of oxygen =  8 × 10^-3 kg / m^3

The maximum specific oxygen uptake rate = 4 mmol O2 / g h.

Concentration of oxygen =  0.5 × 10^-3 kg/ m^3

**The maximum cell density = 50 g/l

___________________

The calculated maximum cell concentration:

xmax=  kLa · CAL*/ qo

CAL* is the solubility of oxygen in the broth and qo is the specific oxygen uptake rate

Replacing the data given

xmax= ( 0.17/s ) ·   (8 × 10^-3 kg / m^3)  /  4 mmol O2 / g h

4 mmol O2 / g h  to kg O2/ g s

[tex]4 \frac{mmol}{gh} \frac{1 gmol}{1000mmol}\frac{1h}{3600s}\frac{32 g}{gmol} \frac{1Kg}{1000g}[/tex]

= 3.56 x 10^-3 kg O2/ g s

So then,

xmax= ( 0.17/s ) ·   (8 × 10^-3 kg / m^3)  / 3.56 x 10^-3 o kg O2/ g s

xmax= 3. 8 x 10^4 g/ m^3   = 38 g/l

_____________________


Related Questions

The electron concentration in silicon at T = 300 K is given by
n(x) = 10^16exp(-x/18) cm^-3
where x is measured in μm and is limited to 0 ≤ x ≤ 25 μm. The electron diffusion coefficient is Dn = 25 cm2/s and the electron mobility is μn = 960 cm2/V-s. The total electron current density through the semiconductor is constant and equal to Jn = -40 A/cm2. The electron current has both diffusion and drift current components. Determine the electric field as a function of x which must exist in the semiconductor.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]E=1.44*10^-7-2.6exp(\frac{-x}{18} )v/m[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Temperature of silicon [tex]T=300k[/tex]

Electron concentration [tex]n(x)=10^{16}\exp (\frac{-x}{18})[/tex]

                                        [tex]\frac{dn}{dx}=(10^{16} *(\frac{-1}{16})\exp\frac{-x}{16})[/tex]

Electron diffusion coefficient is [tex]Dn = 25cm^2/s \approx 2.5*10^{-3}[/tex]

Electron mobility is [tex]\mu n = 960 cm^2/V-s \approx0.096m/V[/tex]

Electron current density [tex]Jn = -40 A/cm^2 \approx -40*10^{4}A/m^2[/tex]

Generally the equation for the semiconductor is mathematically given by

[tex]Jn=qb_n\frac{dn}{dx}+nq \mu E[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]-40*10^{4}=1.6*10^{-19} *(2.5*10^{-3})*(10^{16} *(\frac{-1}{16})\exp\frac{-x}{16})+(10^{16}\exp (\frac{-x}{18}))*1.6*10^{-19}*0.096* E[/tex]

[tex]E=\frac{-2.5*10^-^7 exp(\frac{-x}{18})+40*10^{4}}{1.536*10^-4exp(\frac{-x}{18} )}[/tex]

[tex]E=1.44*10^-7-2.6exp(\frac{-x}{18} )v/m[/tex]

La Patrulla Fronteriza de los Estados Unidos analiza la compra de un helicóptero nuevo para la vigilancia aérea de la frontera de Nuevo México y Texas con la República Mexicana. Hace 4 años se adquirió un helicóptero similar con un costo de $ 140,000.00. con una tasa de interés de 7% anual. Calcula el factor de pago único y el factor valor presente con los datos anteriores con la tabla y fórmula. Dibuja el diagrama de flujo.

Answers

Answer:

The Border Patrol of the United States analyzes the purchase of a new helicopter for the aerial surveillance of the border of New Mexico and Texas with the Mexican Republic. 4 years ago a similar helicopter was purchased at a cost of $ 140,000.00. with an interest rate of 7% per year. Calculate the single payment factor and the present value factor with the above data with the table and formula. Draw the flow chart.

Explanation:

Which of the following wouldn't be pictured on a fan motor's ladder logic diagram? A. Auxiliary contacts B. two Push-button control C. Boiler D. Mixing chamber

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

:)

g A 12,000 m3/day treatment plant has a rectangular sedimentation basin with dimensions 12 meters wide, 3 meters deep, and 25 meters long. Will particles with a settling velocity of 6 x 10-3 m/s be removed in this basin

Answers

Answer:

The settling velocity of the particles (Vs) is greater than the overflow rate (V₀), thus the particles will settle out and will be removed.

Explanation:

Given;

volumetric flow rate of the treatment, Q₀ = 12,000 m³/day

length of the rectangular tank, L = 25 m

width of the tank, W = 12 m

height of the tank, H = 3 m

settling velocity of the particles, [tex]V_s[/tex] = 6 x 10⁻³ m/s

The overflow rate of the sediments are calculated as follows;

[tex]V_o = \frac{Q_o}{A_s}[/tex]

where;

As is the surface area of the tank, m²

Q₀ is the flow rate, m³/s

As = 2LW + 2LH + 2WH

As = (2 x 25 x 12) + (2 x 25 x 3) + (2 x 12 x 3)

As = 822 m²

[tex]Q_0 (m^3/s)= \frac{12,000 \ m^3}{day} \times \frac{1 \ day}{24 \ hr} \times \frac{1 \ hour}{60 \ \min} \times \frac{1 \ \min}{60 \ s} = \frac{12,000}{24 \times 60 \times 60} (m^3/s)= \frac{12,000}{86,400} \ m^3/s\\\\Q_o = 0.139 \ m^3/s[/tex]

The overflow rate;

[tex]V_o = \frac{Q_0}{A_s} = \frac{0.139}{822} = 1.69 \times 10^{-4} \ m/s[/tex]

The settling velocity of the particles (Vs) is greater than the overflow rate (V₀), thus the particles will settle out and will be removed.

Sarah and Raj take/takes me to a baseball game every year.
Either the Cubs or the Orioles play/plays the Yankees tonight.
There is/are nine players on a baseball team.
The home team sit/sits in the dugout on the third-base side of the field.
One of the players called the catcher crouch/crouches behind home plate
I learned how to play soccer from my sister.
Last year, I bought myself season tickets to the local team’s matches.
Only the goalie can use their hands to catch the ball.
The players must quickly move the ball down the field.
This year, my sister gave me my favorite player’s jersey for Christmas.

Answers

Answer:

take

play

are

sits

crouches

direct

indirect

direct

direct

indirect

Explanation:

i had just taken the test

A continuous and aligned hybrid composite consists of aramid and glass fibers embedded within a polymer resin matrix. Compute the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of this material if the respective volume fractions of the aramid and glass fibers are 0.24 and 0.28, given the following data:
Material Modulus of Elasticity (GPa)
Polyester 2.5
Aramid fibers 131
Glass fibers 72.5
(A) 5.06 GPa
(B) 32.6 GPa
(C) 52.9 GPa
(D) 131 GPa​

Answers

Answer:

probably b but not sure

Explanation:

The longitudinal modulus of elasticity of this material if the respective volume fractions of the aramid and glass fibers are 0.24 and 0.28, given the following data is 32.6 GPa.

What is elasticity?

Elasticity is defined as after the forces producing the deformation are eliminated, a material body that has been distorted has the ability to revert to its original size and shape. Metals' atomic lattices undergo size and form changes when forces are applied. When forces are removed, the lattice returns to its initial, lower energy condition. Rubbers and other polymers are elastic because stretching of polymer chains occurs when forces are applied.

Longitudinal modulus are defined as the proportion of a material's length change caused by applied force to its initial length. Young's modulus is a measurement of a material's capacity to endure changes in length when subjected to compression or tension along its length.

Thus, the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of this material if the respective volume fractions of the aramid and glass fibers are 0.24 and 0.28, given the following data is 32.6 GPa.  

To learn more about elasticity, refer to the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/28790459

#SPJ6

Heat transfer from a transistor may be enhanced by
inserting it in an aluminium sleeve (k = 200 W/m −
K) having integrally machined longitudinal fins on its
outer surface. Transistor radius and height are r1 =
2 mm & H = 6 mm respectively, while the fins are of
length L = r3 − r2 = 10 mm of uniform thickness t =
0.7 mm. The thickness of the sleeve base is r2 − r1 =
1 mm. Contact resistance of the sleeve transistor
interface is Rt,c

′′ = 10−3 m2

.K/W. Air at T∞ = 20°C
flows over the fin surface providing uniform
convection with h = 25 W
m2−K
. Assume 1-D radial heat

transfer,
a) Sketch the equivalent thermal circuit for heat
transfer from transistor case (r = r1) to the air.
Label each resistance. [1]
b) Evaluate each resistance. [2]
c) If the temperature of the transistor case is T1 = 80 °C, what is the rate of heat transfer from
the sleeve?

Answers

Answer:

Heat transfer from a transistor may be enhanced by

inserting it in an aluminium sleeve (k = 200 W/m −

K) having integrally machined longitudinal fins on its

outer surface. Transistor radius and height are r1 =

2 mm & H = 6 mm respectively, while the fins are of

length L = r3 − r2 = 10 mm of uniform thickness t =

0.7 mm. The thickness of the sleeve base is r2 − r1 =

1 mm. Contact resistance of the sleeve transistor

interface is Rt,c

′′ = 10−3 m2

.K/W. Air at T∞ = 20°C

flows over the fin surface providing uniform

convection with h = 25 W

m2−K

. Assume 1-D radial heat

transfer,

Explanation:

Users of E85 see a drop in gas mileage because ethanol can't produce the same
amount of energy gasoline can. How much of a drop do they see?
Select one:
a. They see a 10-20% drop in gas mileage
b. The statement is wrong. There is no drop in gas mileage.
c. They see a 30-40% drop in gas mileage
d. They see a 20-30% drop in gas mileage

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Due to ethanol's lower energy content, FFVs operating on E85 get roughly 15% to 27% fewer miles per gallon than when operating on regular gasoline, depending on the ethanol content.

Explain the importance of wearing appropriate protective clothing and equipment (PPE), and keeping the work area safe and tidy

Answers

Answer:

The wearing of appropriate protective clothing and equipment (PPE) and the keeping of the work area safe and tidy achieve the following for the employees and employers: safety from physical and biological harm that may occur as a result of their contact with the work environment; reduces the cost of insurance and other risk management activities.

Explanation:

The personal protective equipment (PPE) is a safety equipment that protects workers from health or safety risks at their various workplaces. The main purpose is to reduce the workers' exposure to environmental hazards. PPE reduces accidents, improves the health of workers, and reduces the spread of contagious diseases.  Above all, it creates safe, secure, and healthy work environments for all.

A venture tube is used to measure the flow rate of a liquid in a pipe (liquid density is 800 kg/m3). The pipe has a diameter of 10 cm and the smallest diameter of the venture has a diameter of 4 cm. A manometer with a manometer fluid of mercury (specific weight of 133 kN/m3) is used to calculate the flow rate which is connected to the venture section such that one leg is far upstream and the second leg is at the minimum diameter of the venture tube. If the flow rate is 0.05 m3/s determine the elevation change in the manometer fluid.
a. 14.6 m
b. 9.28 m
c. 4.64 m
d. 2.32 m

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\triangle h=4.935m[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Liquid density [tex]\rho=800[/tex]

Diameter of pipe [tex]d=4cm \approx 0.004m[/tex]

Diameter of venture [tex]d=10cm \approx 0.010m[/tex]

Specific weight of mercury P_mg [tex]133 kN/m^3[/tex]

Flow rate [tex]r=0.05 m^3/s[/tex]

Area A:

            [tex]A_1=\frac{\pi}{4}0.1^2\\A_1=0.00785m^2\\A_2=\frac{\pi}{4}0.04^2\\A_2=0.001256m^2\\[/tex]

Generally the Bernoulli's equation is mathematically given by

[tex]\frac{P_1}{\rho_1g}+\frac{V_1^2}{2g}=\frac{P_2}{\rho g}+\frac{V_2^2}{2g}\\[/tex]

Where

[tex]V_1=\frac{r}{A_1} \\\\ &V_1=\frac{r}{A_2}[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]P_1-P_2=\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})[/tex]

Generally the equation for pressure difference b/w manometer fluid is given as

[tex]P_1-P_2=(p_mg-pg)\triangle h[/tex]

Therefore

[tex](p_mg-pg)\triangle h=\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})[/tex]

[tex]\triangle h=\frac{\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})}{(p_mg-pg)}[/tex]

[tex]\triangle h=\frac{\frac{(800)(0.05)^2}{2}(\frac{(0.1)^2-(0.4)^2}{(0.1)^2(0.04)^2})}{(1.33*10^3-800*9.81)}[/tex]

[tex]\triangle h=4.935m[/tex]

Therefore elevation change is mathematically given by

[tex]\triangle h=4.935m[/tex]

Which type of hybrid vehicle is propelled by only an electric motor and does not require a traditional transmission to drive the wheels

Answers

Answer:

Dual-Mode Hybrid

Explanation:

The type of hybrid vehicle propelled by only an electric motor and does not require a traditional transmission to drive the wheels is known as "DUAL-MODE HYBRID."

Dual-Mode Hybrid is a type of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) which contains a separate generator consisting of rechargeable batteries. The engine ensures the wheels and the generator are moved; thereby, the electric motor and the batteries are fully powered.

A good example is a Toyota Prius, where during driving conditions, only the electric motor drives the wheels, in which the batteries supply the car with power.

Expression for calories burned during workout

Answers

Women: Calories -((Age x 0.074) - (Weight x 0.05741) + (Heart Rate x 0.4472) – 20.4022) Time / 4.184 Men: Calories = ((Age x 0.2017) + (Weight 0.09036) + (Heart Rate x 0.6309) - 55,0969) x Time / 4.184

Select the correct answer. Which statement best describes a hydrogen fuel cell? A This device uses bioethanol as an additive to power an automobile. B. O C. This device uses photovoltaic cells to capture solar energy and generate electrical energy from it. This device uses fossil fuels to generate heat energy that machines can then convert into mechanical energy. This device converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. O D. E. This device converts the kinetic energy of an electric turbine into electricity based on Faraday's law.​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is "D. This device converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent."

A talks about bio-ethanol fuel.

B is solar.

C is fossil.

E is electricity generation.

Answer:

Explanation:

ans is:

This device converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. O D

Estimate the maximum expected thermal conductivity for a Cermet that contains 58 vol% titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a cobalt matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 27 and 69 W/m-K for TiC and Co respectively.

Answers

Answer:

The right answer is "36.32 W/mk".

Explanation:

According to the question,

TiC = 76%

or,

      = 0.76

CO = 24%

or,

     = 0.24

Thermal conductivity of TiC,

= 26 W/mk

Thermal conductivity of CO,

= 69 W/mk

On applying the rule, we get

⇒  [tex]"K" \ of \ Cermet=(K)_{TiC} (V_f)_{TiC}+(K)_{CO} (V_m)_{CO}[/tex]

On putting the given values, we get

⇒                            [tex]=(26)(0.76)+(69)(0.24)[/tex]

⇒                            [tex]=19.76+16.56[/tex]

⇒                            [tex]=36.32 \ W/mk[/tex]

This String method removes beginning and ending spaces of the given string.
Solactone​

Answers

Answer:

The trim() method will remove both leading and trailing whitespace from a string and return the result. The original string will remain unchanged. If there is no leading or trailing whitespace to be removed, the original string is returned. Both spaces and tab characters will be removed.

This is very useful when comparing user input with existing data. A programmer often racks his brain for hours trying to figure out why what he enters is not the same as a stored string, only to find out that the difference is only a trailing space. Trimming data prior to comparison will eliminate this problem.

Answer:

String result = str. trim(); The trim() method will remove both leading and trailing whitespace from a string and return the result.

Explanation:

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