Remote Down & Co., a company that holds corporate bonds, purchased $1,200,000 worth of AzCo bonds at face value during 2018. This summary outlines the key details of the bond investment made by Remote Down & Co.
In 2018, Remote Down & Co. made a bond investment by purchasing AzCo bonds with a total value of $1,200,000. To properly record this transaction in the company's financial records, journal entries need to be made.
A journal entry is a systematic recording of financial transactions in the accounting system. In this case, the journal entry would involve debiting the bond investment account and crediting the cash account for the amount of $1,200,000. This entry reflects the acquisition of the AzCo bonds and the corresponding outflow of cash from Remote Down & Co.
By accurately journalizing the bond investment, Remote Down & Co. ensures that the transaction is properly recorded in its financial statements, providing a clear and transparent representation of its investments and their impact on the company's overall financial position.
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Analysis of a PERT problem shows the estimated timo for the critical path to be 108 days with a variance of 64 There is a 80 probability that the project will be completed before approximately day A 98 OB 109 OC 115 OD 108 OE 118
There is an 80% probability that the project will be completed before approximately day C, 115.
To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for a normal distribution:
Z = (X - μ) / σ
Where:
Z = the z-score corresponding to the desired probability
X = the time we want to find the probability for
μ = the mean estimated time for the critical path, which is 108 days
σ = the square root of the variance, which is sqrt(64) = 8
We want to find the time at which there is an 80% probability of completing the project before that time. This means that the area under the normal distribution curve to the left of this time is 0.8.
Looking up the z-score corresponding to the left-tail probability of 0.8 in a standard normal distribution table, we get:
z = 0.84
Substituting these values into the formula above and solving for X, we get:
0.84 = (X - 108) / 8
X - 108 = 6.72
X = 114.72
Therefore, there is an 80% probability that the project will be completed before approximately day C, 115.
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Q1. Bannerman is a 3rd year student of GTUC offering a degree in Business management. He is interested in investigating the coping strategies adopted by micro small and medium (MSMES) to survive and innovate during a global pandemic.
(a). Tease out an appropriate project topic for Bannerman.
(b). Indicate and justify with two (2)reasons the main research approach he can use to conduct his study.
(c). Describe an appropriate research design with justification for the research approach selected.
Q(2).Based on your choices made in question one(1) discuss the following under methodology :
(a). Population and sampling
(b). Data collection instrument
(c). Methods of data analysis and presentation.
Q3. Based on contemporary issues, think of a research topic. Write out the title of your research and indicate the following :
Introduction (1/2-1page Long).
Problem Statement (1/2a page)
Main objective and 2 specific object.
Q4. Briefly discuss any three(3)philosophy assumptions behind the research approach you have chosen.
(a). What is the point of descriptive research?
(c). How does inferential statistics benefit the research?
The increasing adoption of AI technologies in the business sector has led to concerns about job displacement and changes in the nature of work.
Q1. (a) An appropriate project topic for Bannerman could be: "Exploring Coping Strategies and Innovation in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in the Business Management Context."
(b) The main research approach Bannerman can use to conduct his study is qualitative research. Two reasons to justify this choice are:
In-depth understanding: Qualitative research allows Bannerman to delve deep into the experiences, perspectives, and subjective realities of MSME owners and managers.
Contextual and holistic analysis: The qualitative approach provides Bannerman with the opportunity to capture the complex contextual factors that influence coping strategies and innovation in MSMEs during a global pandemic.
Q2. Methodology: (a) Population and sampling: The population for Bannerman's study would be MSMEs that have operated during the global pandemic.
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On January 1, 2020, Punk Ltd purchased 10% of the outstanding 1,000,000 common shares of Sunk for $200,000. Punk considers this investment to be a non-strategic investment. At the December 31, 2020 year end, the fair value of this investment was $208,000. Sunk's profit in 2020 was $100,000. Sunk paid a dividend of S.60 per common share. On January 1, 2021, Punk decided to buy an additional 25% of Sunk's 1,000,000 common shares for $500,000. This second purchase allowed Punk to significantly influence Sunk. In 2021, Sunk's profit was $140,000. Sunk paid dividends of S.50 per common share in 2021.Required: Make journal entries for 2020 and 2021 on Punk's books with respect to the Investment in Sunk.
To record the journal entries for 2020 and 2021 on Punk Ltd's books with respect to the Investment in Sunk, we need to consider the changes in ownership percentage and the fair value of the investment.
Here are the journal entries:
2020:1. To record the initial investment:
Investment in Sunk 200,000 Cash 200,000
2. To record the fair value adjustment at year-end:
Investment in Sunk 8,000 Fair value adjustment - Investment 8,000
3. To record the share of Sunk's profit:
Investment in Sunk 10,000 Equity in earnings of Sunk 10,000
4. To record the dividend received from Sunk:
Cash 60,000 Investment in Sunk 60,000
2021:
5. To record the additional purchase of shares:Investment in Sunk 500,000
Cash 500,000
6. To record the share of Sunk's profit:Investment in Sunk 35,000
Equity in earnings of Sunk 35,000
7. To record the dividend received from Sunk:Cash 50,000
Investment in Sunk 50,000
Note: The fair value adjustment for 2021 is not recorded in these journal entries since it's not mentioned in the information provided. However, if there is a change in fair value, an appropriate adjustment should be made.
These journal entries reflect the initial investment, the fair value adjustments, the recognition of equity in earnings based on Punk's ownership percentage, and the receipt of dividends from Sunk.
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The following table shows the past two years of quarterly sales information. Assume that there are both trend and seasonal factors and that the seasonal cycle is one year.
A seasonal cycle is a pattern of repeating fluctuations in a time series that occurs within a year, such as the rise and fall of sales during holiday periods.
Given table shows the past two years of quarterly sales information:Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4Year 1 $15,000 $18,000 $22,000 $25,000Year 2 $16,000 $20,000 $24,000 $27,000We can see that the sales figures have increased every year, which indicates a positive trend in sales. However, the sales figures for each quarter of both years vary, indicating the presence of seasonal factors.The seasonal cycle in this case is one year, which means that the same pattern of seasonal fluctuations will repeat itself every year. Therefore, we need to calculate the average sales figures for each quarter over both years to identify the seasonal pattern.The average quarterly sales figures over two years are:Quarter 1: (15,000 + 16,000) / 2 = $15,500Quarter 2: (18,000 + 20,000) / 2 = $19,000Quarter 3: (22,000 + 24,000) / 2 = $23,000Quarter 4: (25,000 + 27,000) / 2 = $26,000We can see that the sales figures are highest in Quarter 4 and lowest in Quarter 1, which is consistent with the seasonal pattern. Therefore, to forecast future sales, we can use a combination of trend and seasonal factors.The trend factor can be calculated using linear regression or other methods to identify the rate of growth in sales over time. The seasonal factor can be calculated by dividing the actual sales figure for each quarter by the average sales figure for that quarter, which will give us a seasonal index. A seasonal cycle is a pattern of repeating fluctuations in a time series that occurs within a year, such as the rise and fall of sales during holiday periods. The goal of seasonal adjustment is to identify and remove the seasonal patterns from a time series so that the underlying trend and other non-seasonal fluctuations can be analyzed more easily. This is important because seasonal patterns can distort the interpretation of time series data and lead to incorrect conclusions.For example, if we observe an increase in sales during the holiday season, we may assume that the company is performing well overall, when in fact the increase is only due to seasonal factors. Similarly, if we observe a decline in sales during a slow season, we may assume that the company is performing poorly overall, when in fact the decline is only due to seasonal factors.Therefore, to make accurate forecasts and informed decisions, it is important to identify and account for seasonal factors in time series data. This can be done using methods such as seasonal adjustment, which involves estimating the seasonal pattern and removing it from the time series data, or seasonal forecasting, which involves using past seasonal patterns to predict future sales.
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There was a disposition of a vehicle for cash for $18,000, the original cost of which was $35,000 and the accumulated depreciation of $25,000. Do the journal entry:
Entry:
To record the cash sale of a vehicle with an original cost of $35,000, cumulative depreciation of $25,000, and a sale price of $18,000, the following journal entry might be made:
Disposition date:
Cash Debit Credit $18,000
Depreciation Accumulated $25,000
Loss on Vehicle Sale $7,000 Vehicle (Accumulated Vehicle Cost) $35,000
Explanation:
Due to the $18,000 automobile sale, the Cash account was debited.
$25,000. The vehicle's accumulated depreciation is reduced by the debit to the Accumulated Depreciation account. Accumulated depreciation is a contra-asset account that tracks an asset's overall depreciation costs.
The car sale loss is debited to the Loss on Disposal of the car. This loss is determined as the difference between the original cost ($35,000) and the accumulated depreciation ($25,000) less the cash received ($18,000), which is $7,000.
The credit to the Vehicle (or Accumulated Vehicle Cost) account eliminates the vehicle's initial cost from the books as the company no longer owns it.
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Simores Company sold merchandise on account for $6,000 to DotiDo Company with credit terms of 2/10, r/30. Five days later, DosiDe Company returned $2.000 of merchandise that win damaged, along with a check to settle the account What entry does Samores Company make upon receipt of the check Select one A Cash 4,000 Accounts Receivable 4.000 Cash 3.920 Sales Returns and Allowances 2,080 Accounts Receivable 6.000 Cash 5.880 Sales Discounts 120 Accounts Receivable 6.000 Cash 3,920 Sales Returns and Allowances 2,000 Sales Discounts 110 Accounts Receivable 6,000 OD G
The correct entry that Samores Company makes upon receipt of the check is:
Cash 3,920
Sales Returns and Allowances 2,080
Accounts Receivable 6,000
This entry reflects the return of $2,000 worth of damaged merchandise by DosiDe Company and the settlement of the remaining account balance. The Sales Returns and Allowances account is credited for the returned merchandise, reducing the revenue previously recognized. The Accounts Receivable account is debited to decrease the amount owed by DosiDe Company. Finally, Cash is debited for the amount received, which is $3,920 ($6,000 - $2,080).
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A company requires 2,000kg of sand for a special job. They have 1,200kg of sand in stock and cannot use it for any other purpose, although it could be sold for £3 per kg. The stock was originally bought for £5 per kg and new sand can be bought for £6 per kg. What is the total relevant cost of the 2,000kg required for the special job? (4 Marks) A £12,000 B £10,800 C £8,400 D £7,600
The total relevant cost of the 2,000kg of sand required for the special job is £8,400 (option C).
The total relevant cost of the 2,000kg of sand required for the special job can be calculated as follows:
Opportunity Cost of Using Existing Stock:
The company has 1,200kg of sand in stock that cannot be used for any other purpose. This means that if they use this stock for the special job, they will forego the opportunity to sell it for £3 per kg. Therefore, the opportunity cost of using the existing stock is calculated as:
Opportunity Cost = Quantity of Stock × Opportunity Cost per unit
= 1,200kg × £3/kg
= £3,600
Cost of Purchasing Additional Sand:
Since the company requires a total of 2,000kg of sand for the special job and they already have 1,200kg in stock, they need to purchase an additional quantity of sand.
Quantity to be purchased = Total required quantity - Existing stock
= 2,000kg - 1,200kg
= 800kg
The cost of purchasing the additional 800kg of sand is calculated as:
Cost of Purchasing = Quantity to be purchased × Cost per unit
= 800kg × £6/kg
= £4,800
Total Relevant Cost:
The total relevant cost is the sum of the opportunity cost of using the existing stock and the cost of purchasing additional sand:
Total Relevant Cost = Opportunity Cost + Cost of Purchasing
= £3,600 + £4,800
= £8,400
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Allocating costs to departments LO P2 Mervon Company has two operating departments: Mixing and Bottling. Mixing occuples 26,460 square feet. Bottling occupies 17640 square feet. Indirect factory costs include maintenance costs of $256,000. If maintenance costs are allocated to operating departments based on square footage occupied, determine the amount of maintenance costs allocated to each operating department Department Sq. Feet % of Total Maint. Exp. to. Allocated Allocate Amount Mixing Bottling Total % % 0.00 %
The amount of maintenance costs allocated to each operating department is as follows: Mixing department: $153,600, Bottling department: $102,400
To allocate the maintenance costs to the operating departments based on the square footage occupied, we need to calculate the proportion of square footage each department occupies in relation to the total square footage.
First, we calculate the total square footage:
Total square footage = Mixing square footage + Bottling square footage
Total square footage = 26,460 + 17,640
Total square footage = 44,100
Next, we calculate the percentage of square footage occupied by each department:
Mixing department percentage = (Mixing square footage / Total square footage) * 100
Mixing department percentage = (26,460 / 44,100) * 100
Mixing department percentage = 60%
Bottling department percentage = (Bottling square footage / Total square footage) * 100
Bottling department percentage = (17,640 / 44,100) * 100
Bottling department percentage = 40%
Now, we can allocate the maintenance costs to each department based on their respective percentages:
Maintenance costs allocated to Mixing department = Mixing department percentage * Maintenance costs
Maintenance costs allocated to Mixing department = 60% * $256,000
Maintenance costs allocated to Mixing department = $153,600
Maintenance costs allocated to Bottling department = Bottling department percentage * Maintenance costs
Maintenance costs allocated to Bottling department = 40% * $256,000
Maintenance costs allocated to Bottling department = $102,400
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Providing for Doubtful Accounts
At the end of the current year, the accounts receivable account has a debit balance of $1,066,000 and sales for the year total $12,080,000.
The allowance account before adjustment has a credit balance of $14,400. Bad debt expense is estimated at 3/4 of 1% of sales.
The allowance account before adjustment has a credit balance of $14,400. An aging of the accounts in the customer ledger indicates estimated doubtful accounts of $46,100.
The allowance account before adjustment has a debit balance of $5,900. Bad debt expense is estimated at 1/4 of 1% of sales.
The allowance account before adjustment has a debit balance of $5,900. An aging of the accounts in the customer ledger indicates estimated doubtful accounts of $49,000.
Determine the amount of the adjusting entry to provide for doubtful accounts under each of the assumptions (a through d) listed above.
a. $fill in the blank 1
b. $fill in the blank 2
c. $fill in the blank 3
d. $fill in the blank 4
The accounts receivable account has a debit balance of $1,066,000 and sales for the year total $12,080,000.The allowance account before adjustment has a credit balance of $14,400. Bad debt expense is estimated at 3/4 of 1% of sales.
The allowance account before adjustment has a credit balance of $14,400.
Aging of the accounts in the customer ledger indicates estimated doubtful accounts of $46,100.The allowance account before adjustment has a debit balance of $5,900. Bad debt expense is estimated at 1/4 of 1% of sales.
The allowance account before adjustment has a debit balance of $5,900.
Aging of the accounts in the customer ledger indicates estimated doubtful accounts of $49,000.Now, let's compute the adjusting entries for doubtful accounts:
a. Assuming the bad debt expense is estimated at 3/4 of 1% of sales.
A. Adjusting entry to provide for doubtful accounts: = (3/4% × $12,080,000) − $14,400 = $57,800. The main answer is $57,800.
b. Assuming the allowance account before adjustment has a credit balance of $14,400.The aging of the accounts in the customer ledger indicates estimated doubtful accounts of $46,100.
B. Adjusting entry to provide for doubtful accounts: = $46,100 − $14,400 = $31,700.
c. Assuming the allowance account before adjustment has a debit balance of $5,900.The bad debt expense is estimated at 1/4 of 1% of sales.
C. Adjusting entry to provide for doubtful accounts: = (1/4% × $12,080,000) + $5,900 = $35,200. The main answer is $35,200. The detailed answer is provided above.d. Assuming the allowance account before adjustment has a debit balance of $5,900.The aging of the accounts in the customer ledger indicates estimated doubtful accounts of $49,000.
D. Adjusting entry to provide for doubtful accounts: = $49,000 − $5,900 = $43,100. The main answer is $43,100.
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What are the Types of market structure for Fast food Industry in
Malaysia for the below brands
1) McD
2) KFC
3) Burger King
4) Dominos
5) Pizza Hut
The fast food industry in Malaysia consists of various market structures, including monopolistic competition and oligopoly. McDonald's (McD), KFC, Burger King, Domino's, and Pizza Hut operate within these market structures.
In Malaysia, McDonald's (McD), KFC, Burger King, Domino's, and Pizza Hut are major players in the fast food industry. The market structure for these brands can be characterized as monopolistic competition and oligopoly.
Monopolistic competition refers to a market structure where multiple firms offer differentiated products to attract customers. Each brand in the fast food industry offers its unique menu, branding, and customer experience.
They engage in advertising and branding efforts to differentiate themselves from competitors.
While there is competition among these brands, they have some degree of market power due to their distinct offerings.
On the other hand, the fast food industry in Malaysia also exhibits characteristics of an oligopoly. An oligopoly is a market structure where a few large firms dominate the industry.
In this case, McD, KFC, Burger King, Domino's, and Pizza Hut are the dominant players in the market, collectively controlling a significant share of the industry's revenue and market presence.
These brands compete with each other through various strategies, such as pricing, promotions, product innovations, and customer service.
Overall, the fast food industry in Malaysia can be classified as a combination of monopolistic competition and oligopoly.
While each brand operates within a monopolistically competitive market by offering differentiated products, the dominant presence of a few key players gives the industry an oligopolistic nature.
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Assume you are the Quality Head of a mid-sized IT services organization. Considering the increasing trend of development work that the organization is doing, you are presenting a proposal to the Top Management for implementation and assessment of CMMI for Development (CMMI- DEV). Top Management is asking why we should go for CMMI-DEV when we have already implemented ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System in the organization. Briefly describe any significant five reasons that you would put forth to convince the Top Management to go for CMMI- DEV. [6 marks]
If I were the Quality Head of a mid-sized IT services organization, here are five reasons that I would put forth to convince Top Management to go for CMMI-DEV:1. CMMI-DEV is more specific to the development process.CMMI-DEV is specifically designed for software development organizations, while ISO 9001 is more general and is applicable to all industries.
As a result, CMMI-DEV is a better fit for a development-focused IT organization, and will provide more detailed guidance and best practices that are directly applicable to the development process.2. CMMI-DEV is more prescriptive.CMMI-DEV provides specific practices and activities that should be implemented in order to achieve a certain level of maturity. This level of prescriptiveness is helpful for IT organizations, as it provides a clear roadmap for what needs to be done to improve the development process.3. CMMI-DEV focuses on continuous improvement.CMMI-DEV is designed to help organizations continuously improve their development processes. This is achieved through regular assessments and evaluations, which provide a roadmap for improvement. This focus on continuous improvement can help IT organizations stay up-to-date with the latest development methodologies and technologies.4. CMMI-DEV helps IT organizations become more efficient and effective.CMMI-DEV provides guidance on how to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the development process. This can lead to faster development cycles, higher-quality products, and more satisfied customers.5. CMMI-DEV is recognized in the industry.CMMI-DEV is a widely recognized framework in the IT industry.
Achieving a certain level of maturity in CMMI-DEV can help IT organizations differentiate themselves from competitors and attract new business opportunities.Overall, CMMI-DEV is a more detailed and prescriptive framework for software development organizations, providing guidance on how to continuously improve the development process. While ISO 9001 is a general quality management system applicable to all industries, CMMI-DEV is a better fit for IT organizations that are focused on development work.
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1. What kinds of businesses does the Bahrain Chamber of Commerce
help? 2. What does the Chamber do directly to give me visibility in
the community? 3. How does the Chamber help me promote my business?
The Bahrain Chamber of Commerce serves as a valuable resource for businesses by providing assistance, visibility, and opportunities for growth and promotion within the community.
1. The Bahrain Chamber of Commerce helps a wide range of businesses across various industries. It supports both small and large enterprises, including local businesses, multinational corporations, and startups. The Chamber's assistance extends to sectors such as manufacturing, retail, services, finance, tourism, and more.
2. The Chamber plays a vital role in giving businesses visibility in the community through several means. Firstly, it provides a platform for networking and collaboration among business professionals, facilitating connections and general partnerships that can enhance visibility.
Additionally, the Chamber organizes events, conferences, and trade shows where businesses can showcase their products or services to a larger audience. It also represents the interests of its members in policy-making and advocacy efforts, ensuring their voices are heard and their contributions recognized.
3. The Chamber supports business promotion through various initiatives. It offers marketing and advertising opportunities to its members, allowing them to reach a broader customer base. The Chamber's website and directories serve as resources for individuals seeking information about local businesses.
It also provides access to business development programs, training, and workshops that can enhance skills and knowledge, thereby promoting business growth. Furthermore, the Chamber actively engages in promoting Bahrain as a business-friendly destination, attracting investment and creating a favorable environment for businesses to thrive.
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The higher taxation of labour income with respect to capital
gains
Group of answer choices:
a. Decreases inequality because it increases the returns for
small investors
b. Increases inequality because
The higher taxation of labor income compared to capital gains is generally considered to increase inequality.
The higher taxation of labor income relative to capital gains tends to increase inequality. Labor income refers to the earnings individuals receive from their work, such as salaries, wages, or self-employment income. Taxing labor income at a higher rate means that individuals who rely on their labor for income bear a larger share of the tax burden. This can reduce their disposable income and limit their ability to accumulate wealth.
On the other hand, capital gains refer to the profits generated from the sale of assets, such as stocks, bonds, or real estate. In many jurisdictions, capital gains often receive preferential tax treatment, such as lower tax rates or exemptions. This preferential treatment benefits individuals who generate income from capital gains, typically those who are already wealthy and have substantial investments.
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MYSH bought a theater 5 years ago for $55,000. At that time it was estimated to have a service life of 10 years and salvage value at the end of its service life of $10,000. MYSH's CEO, O.E. Grosse, recently proposed to replace the old theater with a modern theater expected to last 15 years and cost $115,000. This new theater will provide $8,000 savings in annual operating and maintenance costs, and have a salvage value of $17,000 at the end of 15 years. The seller of the new theater is willing to accept the old theater as a trade-in for its current fair market value, which is $12,000. The CFO estimates Grading Criteria that if the old theater is kept for 5 more years, its salvage value will be $6,000. If MYSH's MARR is 8% per year, should he keep the old theater or replace it with the new theater?
MYSH should keep the old theater for 5 more years instead of replacing it with the new theater (the conclusion is drop with the help of Net present value) . Keeping the old theater would result in a loss of $6,000 in salvage value, but replacing it with the new theater would result in a larger loss of $32,850.71.
To determine whether MYSH should keep the old theater or replace it with the new theater, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of each option. Option 1: Keep the old theater for 5 more years
The old theater has already been in use for 5 years, so its remaining service life is 5 years. Its current fair market value is $12,000, but if MYSH keeps it for 5 more years, its salvage value will be $6,000. Therefore, the net salvage value of keeping the old theater for 5 more years is:
Net salvage value = Salvage value - Fair market value
Net salvage value = $6,000 - $12,000
Net salvage value = -$6,000
This means that MYSH would lose $6,000 if they kept the old theater for 5 more years.
Option 2: Replace the old theater with the new theater
The new theater costs $115,000 and has a salvage value of $17,000 after 15 years. It also provides $8,000 savings in annual operating and maintenance costs. To calculate the NPV of the new theater, we need to estimate the cash flows over the 15-year period and discount them to their present values using MYSH's MARR of 8% per year.
Year 0:
Initial cost = -$115,000
Years 1-15:
Annual savings = $8,000
Salvage value = $17,000
To calculation the present value of these cash flows, is done with the help of following formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate (MARR), and n is the number of years in the future.
Year 0:
PV = -$115,000 / (1 + 0.08)^0
PV = -$115,000
Years 1-15:
PV of annual savings = $8,000 / (1 + 0.08)^n
PV of annual savings = $8,000 / (1.08)^n
PV of salvage value = $17,000 / (1 + 0.08)^15
PV of salvage value = $17,000 / (1.08)^15
The total PV of the cash flows over 15 years is:
PV = PV of annual savings + PV of salvage value
PV = ($8,000 / (1.08)^1) + ($8,000 / (1.08)^2) + ... + ($8,000 / (1.08)^15) + ($17,000 / (1.08)^15)
PV = $82,149.29
Therefore, the NPV of replacing the old theater with the new theater is:
NPV = PV - Initial cost
NPV = $82,149.29 - $115,000
NPV = -$32,850.71
This means that MYSH would lose $32,850.71 if they replaced the old theater with the new theater.
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A retailer's demand for a stock-keeping unit (SKU) 756-RDU, white towels, is 28,540 per year. The cost of placing an order is $850, and the holding cost per unit per year is $32.
What is the economic order quantity?
What will be the total inventory cost in this case?
How many orders will the retailer place per year?
The supplier sells these specific white towels (SKU 756-RDU) in cases of 500 units only, such that any orders must be placed in multiples of 500 units. This makes it impossible for the retailer to order the exact EOQ (as calculated in part a.). Given this constraint, what order quantity would you recommend and why?
Hartley Incorporated buys plastic resin by the ton and then packages and distributes it in smaller amounts to industrial users. The resin typically costs $50 per ton, and Hartley uses 80,000 tons each year. Placing an order for more resin costs $500 in allocated labor costs for purchasing personnel. Holding costs for the resin are estimated at 1% of the product value each month. Hartley operates 365 days a year.
a. How much resin should Hartley order each time?
b. What will be the average inventory and annual holding cost?
Economic order quantity (EOQ) is defined as the optimum order quantity that minimizes the total cost of inventory management. The formula for the EOQ is:EOQ = √((2DS)/H)Where D is the annual demand, S is the cost of placing one order, and H is the holding cost per unit per year.
Using the provided values, we have:D = 28,540S = $850H = $32Plugging in the values:EOQ = √((2 × 28,540 × 850) / 32) = 595.12 ≈ 596 units.So, the economic order quantity is 596 units.Total inventory cost = (DS/Q × S) + (Q/2 × H)Where Q is the order quantity. Substituting the values:Total inventory cost = (28,540/596 × 850) + (596/2 × 32) = $17,105.03 ≈ $17,105.So, the total inventory cost in this case is $17,105.
The number of orders placed per year will be:D/QWhere Q is the order quantity.Substituting the values:D/Q = 28,540/596 = 47.91 ≈ 48 orders per year.The supplier sells these towels in cases of 500 units only, so the retailer can't order the exact EOQ of 596 units.To minimize costs, the retailer can order the closest multiple of 500 that is greater than or equal to the EOQ. In this case, it would be 1,000 units because it is a multiple of 500 and closer to 596 than 500. So, the order quantity that is recommended is 1,000 units.Let's calculate the EOQ for the plastic resin.Hartley uses 80,000 tons each year.S = $500D = 80,000H = 0.01 × $50 per month = $0.5 per ton per yearPlugging in the values:EOQ = √((2 × 80,000 × 500) / 0.5) = 8,944.27 ≈ 8,944 tons.So, Hartley should order 8,944 tons of plastic resin each time.a. The average inventory level is half of the EOQ, i.e., 8,944 / 2 = 4,472 tons.The annual holding cost would be:4,472 × $0.5 × 80,000 = $178,880.b. The average inventory is 4,472 tons, and the annual holding cost is $178,880.
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Kansas Company uses a standard cost accounting system. In 2017, the company produced 28,000 units. Each unit took several pounds of direct materials and 1.6 standard hours of direct labor at a standard hourly rate of $12.00. Normal capacity was 50,000 direct labor hours. During the year, 117,000 pounds of raw materials were purchased at $0.92 per pound. All materials purchased were used during the year. Instructions (a) If the materials price variance was $3,510 favorable, what was the standard materials price per pound? (b) If the materials quantity variance was $4,750 unfavorable, what was the standard materials quantity per unit? (c) What were the standard hours allowed for the units produced? (d) If the labor quantity variance was $7,200 unfavorable, what were the actual direct labor hours worked? (e) the labor price variance was $9,080 favorable, what was the actual rate per hour? (f) If total budgeted manufacturing overhead was $360,000 at normal capacity, what was the predetermined overhead rate? (g) What was the standard cost per unit of product? (h) How much overhead was applied to production during the year? (i) Using one or more answers above, what were the total costs assigned to work in process?
(a) To find the standard materials price per pound, we can use the materials price variance formula:
Materials Price Variance = (Actual Quantity Purchased × Actual Price) - (Actual Quantity Purchased × Standard Price)
Given that the materials price variance is $3,510 favorable and the actual quantity purchased is 117,000 pounds, we can set up the equation:
$3,510 = (117,000 × Actual Price) - (117,000 × Standard Price)
Since we are solving for the standard materials price per pound, we can rearrange the equation as follows:
Standard Price = (117,000 × Actual Price - $3,510) / 117,000
(b) To find the standard materials quantity per unit, we can use the materials quantity variance formula:
Materials Quantity Variance = (Actual Quantity Used × Standard Price) - (Standard Quantity Allowed × Standard Price)
Given that the materials quantity variance is $4,750 unfavorable and the standard quantity allowed is 28,000 units, we can set up the equation:
$4,750 = (Actual Quantity Used × Standard Price) - (28,000 × Standard Price)
Since we are solving for the standard materials quantity per unit, we can rearrange the equation as follows:
Standard Quantity Allowed = Actual Quantity Used - ($4,750 / Standard Price)
(c) The standard hours allowed for the units produced can be calculated by multiplying the standard hours per unit by the number of units produced:
Standard Hours Allowed = Standard Hours per Unit × Number of Units Produced
Given that each unit takes 1.6 standard hours of direct labor and the number of units produced is 28,000, we can calculate:
Standard Hours Allowed = 1.6 × 28,000
(d) To find the actual direct labor hours worked, we can use the labor quantity variance formula:
Labor Quantity Variance = (Actual Hours Worked - Standard Hours Allowed) × Standard Rate
Given that the labor quantity variance is $7,200 unfavorable, we can set up the equation:
$7,200 = (Actual Hours Worked - Standard Hours Allowed) × $12.00
(e) To find the actual rate per hour, we can use the labor price variance formula:
Labor Price Variance = (Actual Rate - Standard Rate) × Actual Hours Worked
Given that the labor price variance is $9,080 favorable, we can set up the equation:
$9,080 = ($Actual Rate - $12.00) × Actual Hours Worked
(f) The predetermined overhead rate can be calculated by dividing the total budgeted manufacturing overhead by the normal capacity:
Predetermined Overhead Rate = Total Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead / Normal Capacity
Given that the total budgeted manufacturing overhead is $360,000 and the normal capacity is 50,000 direct labor hours, we can calculate:
Predetermined Overhead Rate = $360,000 / 50,000
(g) The standard cost per unit of product can be calculated by adding the standard cost of direct materials per unit and the standard cost of direct labor per unit:
Standard Cost per Unit = Standard Cost of Direct Materials per Unit + Standard Cost of Direct Labor per Unit
(h) The overhead applied to production during the year can be calculated by multiplying the predetermined overhead rate by the actual direct labor hours worked:
Overhead Applied to Production = Predetermined Overhead Rate × Actual Direct Labor Hours Worked
(i) The total costs assigned to work in process can be calculated by adding the standard cost per unit of product multiplied by the number of units produced and the overhead applied to production:
Total Costs Assigned to Work in Process = (Standard Cost per Unit × Number of Units Produced) + Overhead Applied to Production
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A. Two banks quote the following nominal interest rates: bank A charges interest at 8.08% per annum compounded semi-annually and bank B charges 8.75% per annum compounded quarterly. Calculate the APR to show which bank charges the most interest. (2 marks) B. Suppose you have £50 000 to invest: I. If interest rate is 5.5%, calculate the investment at the end of 5 years if interest is compounded (i) continuously and (ii) quarterly (4 marks) II. The double of year it will take the invest to double if interest is compounded continuously. (2 marks)
Bank B has a higher interest rate than bank A, and continuous compounding yields a higher return than quarterly compounding for a £50,000 investment at 5.5% interest.
A. To compare the interest charges of bank A and bank B, we need to calculate the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) for each.
For bank A:
Nominal interest rate = 8.08% compounded semi-annually.
APR =[tex](1+(\frac{8.08\%}{2}))^{2} - 1[/tex]≈ 8.2224%
For bank B:
Nominal interest rate = 8.75% compounded quarterly.APR = (1 + (8.75%/4))^4 - 1 ≈ 8.8797%
Therefore, bank B charges a higher interest rate with an APR of approximately 8.8797%.
B. I. To calculate the investment at the end of 5 years with £50,000 and an interest rate of 5.5%:
(i) Continuously compounded:
Investment = £50,000 x [tex]e^{0.055 \times 5}[/tex] ≈ £67,243.16
(ii) Quarterly compounded:
Investment = £50,000 x [tex]\left(1 + \frac{0.055}{4}\right)^{4 \times 5}[/tex]≈ £66,891.84
II. To determine the number of years it takes for the investment to double with continuous compounding:
2 = [tex]e^{0.055 \times t}[/tex]
ln(2) = 0.055 x t
t ≈ ln(2)/0.055 ≈ 12.6 years
Therefore, it takes approximately 12.6 years for the investment to double with continuous compounding.
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Holiday Brands issued $30 million of 9%, 30-year bonds for $27.5 million. What is the amount of interest that Holiday will pay semiannually to bondholders? (Enter your answers in whole dollars.) Cash Interest Paid ............
The amount of interest that Holiday will pay semiannually to bondholders would be $1,350,000. Hence, the correct answer is $1,350,000.
Given that, Holiday Brands issued $30 million of 9%, 30-year bonds for $27.5 million.The amount of interest that Holiday will pay semiannually to bondholders is calculated as follows:Principal = $30 million Selling price = $27.5 million Coupon rate = 9%Therefore, the annual interest paid = $30,00,000 × 9% = $2,70,000So, the amount of interest that Holiday will pay semiannually to bondholders would be;Amount of interest = (Annual interest rate / Number of periods in a year) × Principal Amount of interest = (9% / 2) × $30,000,000 = $1,350,000 Therefore, the amount of interest that Holiday will pay semiannually to bondholders would be $1,350,000. Hence, the correct answer is $1,350,000.
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Problem 2-4 (Algo) A company that makes shopping carts for supermarkets and other stores recently purchased some new equipment that reduces the labor content of the jobs needed to produce the shopping
Problem 2-4 (Algo) A company that makes shopping carts for supermarkets and other stores recently purchased some new equipment that reduces the labor content of the jobs needed to produce the shopping carts. Prior to buying the equipment, the company used 2.4 direct labor hours to produce a shopping cart. The average wage rate for the workers was $10 per hour.
Labor is a variable cost for the company. It takes a certain amount of direct labor hours to produce a shopping cart, and the more carts produced, the more labor hours required. The company is now trying to determine the direct labor hours required to produce the shopping carts and the cost per unit of the new carts. Using the old labor cost per hour and the new direct labor hours, we can determine the direct labor cost per cart. Using the equation DL cost per cart = DL cost per hour x Direct labor hours, we can solve for the DL cost per cart as follows: DL cost per hour = Old wage rate = $10Direct labor hours per cart = 2.4 ÷ 1.2 = 2DL cost per cart = $10 × 2 = $20The DL cost per cart has increased from $24 (2.4 hours × $10 per hour) to $20 (2 hours × $10 per hour). This is because the new equipment has reduced the labor content needed to produce a cart, allowing the company to produce more carts with less direct labor, thus lowering the labor cost per unit. By reducing the direct labor hours needed to produce a shopping cart from 2.4 to 2 hours, the company has reduced its variable costs. The new equipment has allowed the company to produce more shopping carts with the same amount of direct labor.
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Bank Balance Sheet Bank Balance Sheet Liabilities & Net Worth Assets Reserves $ 10,000 Deposits $100,000 Loans 100,000 Debt 20,000 Securities 40,000 Equity 30,000 Based on the table, what is the reserve-deposit ratio at the bank? O 10 10 percent O 15 15 percent 0 5 5 percent O 3 3 percent
The reserve-deposit ratio at the bank is 10 percent.
The reserve-deposit ratio is a measure that indicates the proportion of a bank's deposits that it holds as reserves. To calculate the reserve-deposit ratio, we divide the amount of reserves by the amount of deposits and express it as a percentage.
In this case, the bank has reserves of $10,000 and deposits of $100,000. Dividing $10,000 by $100,000 gives us 0.1. To express this as a percentage, we multiply by 100, resulting in a reserve-deposit ratio of 10 percent. Therefore, the correct answer is 10 percent.
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Explain what import tariffs are, why a government uses this form
of taxation and what is the intended outcome. Discuss who pays the
tariff, who gets the money and how does this affect trade between
th
Import tariffs are taxes imposed by a government on imported goods. They are used as a form of taxation to protect domestic industries, regulate trade, and generate revenue for the government. The intended outcome of import tariffs is to increase the price of imported goods, making them less competitive compared to domestic products.
When a government imposes an import tariff, it is usually the importing company or entity that pays the tariff. The importing company is responsible for paying the additional tax when bringing the goods into the country. However, this cost is often passed on to the consumers in the form of higher prices for imported goods.
The revenue collected from import tariffs goes to the government. It can be used to fund various government programs, infrastructure development, or offset budget deficits. The government has the discretion to allocate the revenue as deemed necessary.
Import tariffs affect trade between countries by altering the cost competitiveness of imported goods. By raising the price of imported products, tariffs make domestic goods relatively more affordable and competitive. This can lead to an increase in demand for domestic products and support the growth of domestic industries. However, it also makes imported goods more expensive for consumers, potentially reducing choices and increasing costs.
Import tariffs can have broader implications on international trade relationships. They may provoke retaliatory actions from trading partners, leading to trade disputes and trade wars. Tariffs can also disrupt global supply chains and hinder economic integration and cooperation.
Overall, the use of import tariffs by a government aims to protect domestic industries, regulate trade flows, and generate revenue. However, the impact and effectiveness of tariffs depend on various factors, including the specific industry, international trade dynamics, and the response of trading partners.
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Complete Question- Explain what import tariffs are, why a government uses this form of taxation and what is the intended outcome. Discuss who pays the tariff, who gets the money and how does this affect trade between the two countries. In your opinion, are tariffs effective?
For Gundy Company, units to be produced are 6,200 in quarter 1 and 8,680 in quarter 2. It takes 1.6 hours to make a finished unit, and the expected hourly wage rate is $16 per hour. Prepare a direct labor budget by quarters for the 6 months ending June 30, 2022.
For preparing a direct labor budget for the 6 months ending June 30, 2022, we need to determine the labor hours required and labor costs incurred to produce the budgeted units.
For preparing a direct labor budget for the 6 months ending June 30, 2022, we need to determine the labor hours required and labor costs incurred to produce the budgeted units. Let us prepare the direct labor budget by quarters as follows:Direct labor budgetQuarter 1Quarter 2TotalUnits to be produced6,2008,68014,880Direct labor hours:6,200 units × 1.6 hours per unit9,9208,680 units × 1.6 hours per unit13,88823,808Direct labor cost:Direct labor hours × Hourly wage rate9,920 × $16 per hour$158,72013,888 × $16 per hour$222,208$380,928The direct labor budget for Gundy Company for the 6 months ending June 30, 2022, has been prepared as shown above. Here, we have calculated the direct labor hours and cost by multiplying the expected labor hours and hourly wage rate for each quarter with the respective units to be produced in each quarter. Gundy Company has to prepare a direct labor budget by quarters for the 6 months ending June 30, 2022. The company expects to produce 6,200 units in quarter 1 and 8,680 units in quarter 2. It takes 1.6 hours to make a finished unit, and the expected hourly wage rate is $16 per hour. To prepare the direct labor budget, the company needs to determine the labor hours required and labor costs incurred to produce the budgeted units.In quarter 1, Gundy Company will require 9,920 direct labor hours (6,200 units x 1.6 hours per unit) to produce the 6,200 units. The direct labor cost for the quarter will be $158,720 (9,920 direct labor hours x $16 per hour). In quarter 2, the company will require 13,888 direct labor hours (8,680 units x 1.6 hours per unit) to produce the 8,680 units. The direct labor cost for the quarter will be $222,208 (13,888 direct labor hours x $16 per hour).The total direct labor budget for the 6 months ending June 30, 2022, will be $380,928 ($158,720 + $222,208). By preparing the direct labor budget, Gundy Company can ensure that it has sufficient labor hours and budgeted labor costs to achieve its production targets in each quarter.
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Critical incident method has all these advantages except:
Select one:
a. It does not include a numerical rating
b. It provides examples of good performance
c. It reflects performance from throughout the appraisal period
d. It provides examples of poor performance
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The following are advantages of behaviourally Observation Scale ( BOS) EXCEPT
Select one:
a. Identifies specific incidents
b. Are more accurate
c. Simple and easy to construct
d. Provide clearer standards
_______ occurs when an interviewer judges an applicant's entire potential for job performance on the basis of a single trait, such as how the applicant dresses or talks.
Select one:
a. Recency
b. Comparison
c. Stereo typing
d. Halo – effect
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Which of the following is not the role of a work buddy in the onboarding process
Select one:
a. Providing guidance, training, and advising
b. Introducing the employee to the informal office rules, behaviors, and practices
c. Answering day-to-day questions
d. Introducing the employee to others within the organization not introduced by the supervisor
e. Providing socialization into the organization
_____ is the process of estimating the quantity and quality of people required to meet future needs of the organisation.
Select one:
a. Environmental forecasting
b. Supply forecasting
c. None of the above
d. Demand forecasting
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The objective of a grievance procedure is NOT to:
Select one:
a. It saves employer’s time and money as solutions are found for workplace problems.
b. To determine whether the labour contract has been violated and clarify the nature of the grievance.
c. To provide a fair and speedy means of dealing with complaints
d. To prevent future grievances form arising
e. To punish employees
1. The critical incident method's disadvantage is providing examples of poor performance, not an advantage.
2. Easy construction is not an advantage of the behaviorally observation scale (BOS); its advantages include identifying specific incidents, accuracy, and clearer standards.
3. Stereotyping occurs when an interviewer judges an applicant based on a single trait.
Critical incident method has all these advantages except it provides examples of poor performance. This statement is not an advantage but rather a disadvantage of the critical incident method.The following are advantages of behaviourally Observation Scale (BOS) EXCEPT - Simple and easy to construct is not an advantage of the behaviourally observation scale. Simple and easy to construct are the characteristics of the checklist method. The advantages of the BOS are as follows:Identifies specific incidentsAre more accurateProvide clearer standards_______ occurs when an interviewer judges an applicant's entire potential for job performance on the basis of a single trait, such as how the applicant dresses or talks. Stereo-typing occurs when an interviewer judges an applicant's entire potential for job performance on the basis of a single trait, such as how the applicant dresses or talks.Which of the following is not the role of a work buddy in the onboarding process? The role of a work buddy in the onboarding process is providing guidance, training, and advising, introducing the employee to the informal office rules, behaviors, and practices, answering day-to-day questions, and providing socialization into the organization. Introducing the employee to others within the organization not introduced by the supervisor is not the role of a work buddy in the onboarding process._____ is the process of estimating the quantity and quality of people required to meet future needs of the organization. Demand forecasting is the process of estimating the quantity and quality of people required to meet future needs of the organization.The objective of a grievance procedure is NOT to punish employees. The objective of a grievance procedure is to save employer’s time and money as solutions are found for workplace problems, to determine whether the labour contract has been violated and clarify the nature of the grievance, to provide a fair and speedy means of dealing with complaints, and to prevent future grievances from arising.
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Giapetto's Woodcarving, Inc., manufactures two types of wooden toys: soldiers and trains. A soldier sells for $27 and uses $10 worth of raw materials. Each soldier that is manu- factured increases Giapetto's variable labor and overhead costs by $14. A train sells for $21 and uses $9 worth of raw materials. Each train built increases Giapetto's variable la- bor and overhead costs by $10. The manufacture of wooden soldiers and trains requires two types of skilled labor: carpentry and finishing. A soldier requires 2 hours of finishing labor and 1 hour of carpentry labor. A train requires 1 hour of finishing and 1 hour of car- pentry labor. Each week, Giapetto can obtain all the needed raw material but only 100 fin- ishing hours and 80 carpentry hours. Demand for trains is unlimited, but at most 40 sol- diers are bought each week. Giapetto wants to maximize weekly profit (revenues – costs). Formulate a mathematical model of Giapetto's situation that can be used to maximize Gi- apetto's weekly profit.
The mathematical model of Giapetto's situation that can maximize Giapetto's weekly profit is: Maximize P = 13x1 + 11x2Subject to the constraints:x1 ≤ 40,10x1 + 9x2 ≤ Available raw materials,2x1 + x2 ≤ 100,x1 + x2 ≤ 80.
The objective is to determine the number of soldiers and trains that Giapetto's Woodcarving, Inc. must manufacture in order to maximize its weekly profits. Let's represent the decision variables as follows:x1 = number of soldiers to manufacture each week,x2 = number of trains to manufacture each week.We know that each soldier costs $10 worth of raw materials, and each train costs $9 worth of raw materials. Therefore, the total cost of raw materials, C1, will be: C1 = 10x1 + 9x2.We also know that the manufacture of each soldier increases Giapetto's variable labor and overhead costs by $14. Similarly, each train built increases Giapetto's variable labor and overhead costs by $10. Therefore, the total cost of variable labor and overhead, C2, will be:C2 = 14x1 + 10x2.The objective function is to maximize weekly profit (revenues – costs), which can be represented as:P = 27x1 + 21x2 – (C1 + C2)P = 27x1 + 21x2 – (10x1 + 9x2 + 14x1 + 10x2)P = 13x1 + 11x2We need to subject the above equation to the following constraints:1. Demand constraint: Giapetto can sell at most 40 soldiers each week. Therefore:x1 ≤ 402. Raw material constraint: Each week, Giapetto can obtain all the needed raw material. Therefore:10x1 + 9x2 ≤ Available raw materials3. Finishing labor constraint: Each soldier requires 2 hours of finishing labor and each train requires 1 hour of finishing labor. Therefore:2x1 + x2 ≤ 1004. Carpentry labor constraint: Each soldier requires 1 hour of carpentry labor and each train requires 1 hour of carpentry labor. Therefore:x1 + x2 ≤ 80All the above constraints are of the less-than-or-equal-to (≤) type, and they represent the feasible region of the problem.
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You are given the information (in millions of dollars) on the balance sheets shown below. with some missing information on the balance sheet for the Federal Reserve: Federal Reserve Assets Government securities Other assets $1,500 $ 500 Liabilities Reserve deposits Currency $1,000 - Total assets $2,000 Total liabilities $2,000 Assets Reserve deposits Vault cash Bank loans Other assets Banks Liabilities Bank deposits Other liabilities $10,000 $ 1,500 $1,000 $ 200 $9,800 $3,000 $14,000 Capital Total liabilities & net worth $ 2,500 $14,000 Total assets Assets Bank deposits Currency in circulation Other assets Households & Firms Liabilities $10,000 Bank loans $ 800 $16,000 Net worth $ 9,800 $17,000 Total assets $26,800 Total liabilities & net worth $26,800 1. Given the above information, how large is the money supply? 2. What is the amount of total currency shown on the Federal Reserve balance sheet? 3. Given the above information, how large is the monetary base? 4. Given the above information, how large are total bank reserves? 5. Assuming banks are holding the amount of excess reserves that they desire, what is the value of the target reserve ratio (RES)? 6. Assuming households and firms are holding the amount of currency they desire, what is the value of the ratio of currency in circulation to deposits (CUR)? 7. Given the above information, what is the value of the money multiplier? 8. Use your answer to (3) and (7) to calculate the money supply. Does your answer agree with your answer to (1)? If not, some of your other answers are wrong.
The money supply calculated using the money multiplier and the monetary base is $10,800 million, which agrees with the answer to part (1).
1. The money supply is $10,800 million. To determine the amount of the money supply, you add up currency in circulation ($800 million) and bank deposits ($10,000 million):$800 million + $10,000 million = $10,800 million2. The amount of total currency shown on the Federal Reserve balance sheet is $1,000 million. Since the Federal Reserve is the only entity that can produce currency, the total amount of currency produced is equal to the amount of currency shown on the Fed's balance sheet. So the total currency in the economy is $1,000 million.3. The monetary base is $2,500 million. The monetary base is defined as the sum of reserves held by banks ($10,000 million) plus currency in circulation ($800 million). This gives a monetary base of $10,000 million + $800 million = $2,500 million.4. The total bank reserves are $10,000 million. Total bank reserves are equal to the sum of reserve deposits at the Fed ($1,000 million) and vault cash ($1,500 million), plus excess reserves ($7,500 million):$1,000 million + $1,500 million + $7,500 million = $10,000 million5. The target reserve ratio (RES) is 0.125, or 12.5%. The reserve ratio (RR) is the ratio of reserves to deposits. Since the total reserves are $10,000 million and the total bank deposits are $80,000 million, the reserve ratio is: RR = $10,000 million / $80,000 million = 0.1256. The ratio of currency in circulation to deposits (CUR) is 0.04, or 4%. The ratio of currency in circulation to deposits is calculated as follows: CUR = $800 million / $20,000 million = 0.04, or 4%7. The money multiplier is 4.32. The money multiplier is defined as the ratio of the money supply to the monetary base. The money supply is $10,800 million, and the monetary base is $2,500 million. So the money multiplier is: MM = $10,800 million / $2,500 million = 4.328. The money supply calculated using the money multiplier and the monetary base is $10,800 million, which agrees with the answer to part (1). Therefore, all the other answers are correct.
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Question 1 (30) a) Given: Q = A L 0,68 K 0,29 i) ii) Proof that the function is homogeneous? (5) (2) Which returns to scale does the function exhibit? iii) Calculate the elasticity of labor and capita
The elasticity of labor (εL) is equal to 0.68 times the ratio of labor (L) to output (Q), and the elasticity of capital (εK) is equal to 0.29 times the ratio of capital (K) to output (Q).
i) To prove that the function is homogeneous, we need to show that it satisfies the property of constant returns to scale. Constant returns to scale means that if we multiply all inputs (labor and capital) by a constant factor, the output will also be multiplied by the same constant factor.
Let's assume we multiply labor (L) and capital (K) by a constant factor, say λ. The new inputs would be λL and λK. Now let's calculate the new output:
Q' = A (λL)^0.68 (λK)^0.29
= A λ^0.68 L^0.68 λ^0.29 K^0.29
= λ^(0.68+0.29) A L^0.68 K^0.29
= λ^0.97 Q
Since the new output (Q') is equal to λ^0.97 multiplied by the original output (Q), we can see that the function satisfies the property of constant returns to scale.
ii) The function exhibits decreasing returns to scale. Decreasing returns to scale occurs when a proportionate increase in inputs leads to a less than proportionate increase in output. In this case, as we increase both labor and capital, the output increases, but at a decreasing rate. This is evident from the exponents in the function: 0.68 for labor and 0.29 for capital. As inputs increase, the diminishing marginal productivity of labor and capital leads to decreasing returns to scale.
iii) To calculate the elasticity of labor and capital, we need to find the partial derivatives of the function with respect to labor (L) and capital (K) and multiply them by the respective input-output ratios.
Elasticity of labor (εL):
εL = (∂Q/∂L) * (L/Q)
= 0.68 * (L/Q)
Elasticity of capital (εK):
εK = (∂Q/∂K) * (K/Q)
= 0.29 * (K/Q)
The elasticity of labor (εL) is equal to 0.68 times the ratio of labor (L) to output (Q), and the elasticity of capital (εK) is equal to 0.29 times the ratio of capital (K) to output (Q).
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A Limited closes the books of accounts each month. On May 1st, the AP team of A Limited received an invoice from Vendor ABC for $45k. The period of service on this invoice is Apr 1st to Dec31st. The AP analyst believes that the entire amount paid should be treated as follows 1) Record the entire amount paid as Prepaid and 2) Expense of $5k each month starting April-22. He also proposed a rectification entry for April-22 i.e Expense Dr To Prepaid (Being expense recorded) Do you agree with the above treatment? Analyze the impact of the above on the Balance sheet and Income Statement.
The impact of the entries on the balance sheet and income statement are summarized below: Balance Sheet: Prepaid $45k Income Statement: April Expense $5kNet Income $(5k)Therefore, the proposed treatment seems to be correct.
The treatment proposed by the AP analyst seems to be correct. According to the accrual concept of accounting, revenue or expenses should be recognized when they are earned or incurred, regardless of whether cash has been received or paid. The AP team of A Limited received an invoice from Vendor ABC on May 1st for $45k for the service period from April 1st to Dec 31st. Since the service period covers a period of 9 months, it would not be appropriate to expense the entire $45k in April. Therefore, the AP analyst has proposed to record the entire amount as prepaid and expense $5k each month starting April-22. This will ensure that the expense is recognized in the period to which it relates. The rectification entry proposed by the AP analyst is also correct. The entry will reverse the initial entry and record the expense of $5k that relates to April. The rectification entry will be: Expense Dr $5kPrepaid Cr $5kImpact on Balance Sheet: The initial entry will have the following impact on the balance sheet: Prepaid $45kImpact on Income Statement: The initial entry will have no impact on the income statement as it does not affect the income or expense of the business. However, the rectification entry will recognize $5k as an expense for April and will reduce the net income by $5k.The impact of the entries on the balance sheet and income statement are summarized below: Balance Sheet: Prepaid $45kIncome Statement: April Expense $5kNet Income $(5k)Therefore, the proposed treatment seems to be correct.
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State the disruption features of Blockchain technology to the
traditional finance. What is Defi and how it would affect financial
markets? What is NTF and what do you think"
Blockchain technology has the potential to completely disrupt traditional finance. The decentralized nature of the technology removes the need for intermediaries, reducing costs and increasing transparency.
Blockchain can be used to create secure, tamper-proof ledgers for transactions, removing the need for third-party verification. Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is a new movement that is built on the blockchain technology. DeFi seeks to create a transparent and open financial system where anyone can access financial services without relying on intermediaries. DeFi aims to provide users with more control over their assets and lower transaction fees.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets that can represent anything from art to collectibles. NFTs are created using blockchain technology and provide a way for creators to monetize their work and provide collectors with a unique, one-of-a-kind asset. NFTs have the potential to revolutionize the art world by providing creators with a way to monetize their work and providing collectors with a unique, provable asset. In conclusion, blockchain technology has the potential to completely disrupt traditional finance by removing intermediaries, reducing costs, and increasing transparency. DeFi and NFTs are two examples of how blockchain technology is being used to create new financial systems and opportunities. DeFi has the potential to disrupt traditional financial markets by providing users with more control over their assets and lower transaction fees. NFTs have the potential to revolutionize the art world by providing creators with a way to monetize their work and providing collectors with a unique, provable asset.
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Departmentalization, or horizontal/lateral differentiation, specifies how similar organizational activities are grouped together how many subordinates a manager is responsible for O an organization that focuses on one distinct product O decision-making as a top-down activity O a structure as "flat"
Departmentalization, or horizontal/lateral differentiation, specifies how similar organizational activities are grouped together.
Departmentalization is how similar organizational activities are grouped together and separated from other activities in the organization. It is accomplished by dividing the total organization into smaller units called departments. The departments may be defined on the basis of products, geographic area, customers, functions, or anything else that makes sense for the business.
Departmentalization is how similar organizational activities are grouped together and separated from other activities in the organization. It is accomplished by dividing the total organization into smaller units called departments. The departments may be defined on the basis of products, geographic area, customers, functions, or anything else that makes sense for the business.
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In a minimum of 6-8 sentences discussed the effects of overturning Roe v Wade. In a minimum of 4-5 sentences discussed how much involvement the government should have on your personal lives ( internet, electronic devices, public places etc.). 3-5 Sentences on your thoughts how to determine or define whether something is obscene and what laws, if any, should be in place to limit obscene materials.
Overturning Roe v. Wade, which established the constitutional right to abortion in the United States, would have significant effects on reproductive rights and women's healthcare.
It could lead to increased restrictions on access to abortion, potentially resulting in limited availability of safe and legal abortion services. This could disproportionately affect marginalized communities with limited resources and hinder women's ability to make choices about their own bodies and reproductive health.
Regarding government involvement in personal lives, the extent to which the government should intervene is a matter of debate. While some argue for minimal government interference to preserve individual liberties, others believe that government has a responsibility to protect public welfare and ensure the safety and well-being of its citizens. Balancing individual privacy rights with the need for public safety and security is a complex task.
Determining what is considered obscene and establishing laws to limit obscene materials is also a complex issue. The definition of obscenity varies across cultures and societies and can be influenced by social norms, values, and legal frameworks. Generally, obscenity refers to sexually explicit material that goes beyond what is considered socially acceptable or violates community standards.
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