Schedule of cost of goods manufactured for the current year: Solution: Leone Company Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured For the Year Ended December 31 Direct materials:
Raw materials inventory, beginning $ 156,000 Add: Purchases of raw materials $ 780,000 Raw materials available for use $ 936,000 Deduct: Raw materials inventory, ending $ 47,000 Raw materials used in production $ 889,000 Direct labor $ 472,000 Manufacturing overhead: Indirect labor $ 71,000 Factory utilities $ 36,600 Maintenance expense-Factory equipment $ 41,400 Depreciation expense-Factory equipment $ 68,000 Total manufacturing overhead $ 217,000 Total manufacturing costs $ 1,578,000 Add: Work in process inventory, beginning $ 51,000 Total cost of work in process $ 1,629,000 Deduct: Work in process inventory, ending $ 66,000 Cost of goods manufactured $ 1,563,0002.
Income statement for Leone Company for the year ended December 31:Solution: Leone Company Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31 Sales $ 2,624,000 Less: Cost of goods sold: Beginning finished goods inventory $ 74,000 Add: Cost of goods manufactured $ 1,563,000 Goods available for sale $ 1,637,000 Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory $ 66,000 Cost of goods sold $ 1,571,000 Gross margin $ 1,053,000 Less: Selling and administrative expenses: Advertising expense $ 46,000 Sales salaries expense $ 358,000 Rent expense-Selling space $ 62,000 Office salaries expense $ 43,000 Rent expense-office space $ 26,000 Depreciation expense-Office equipment $ 25,000 Total selling and administrative expenses $ 560,000 Net operating income $ 493,000
Thus, the main answer is as follows:1. The schedule of cost of goods manufactured for the current year is as follows: Leone Company Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured For the Year Ended December 31 Direct materials: Raw materials inventory, beginning $ 156,000 Add: Purchases of raw materials $ 780,000 Raw materials available for use $ 936,000 Deduct: Raw materials inventory, ending $ 47,000 Raw materials used in production $ 889,000 Direct labor $ 472,000 Manufacturing overhead: Indirect labor $ 71,000 Factory utilities $ 36,600 Maintenance expense-Factory equipment $ 41,400 Depreciation expense-Factory equipment $ 68,000 Total manufacturing overhead $ 217,000 Total manufacturing costs $ 1,578,000 Add: Work in process inventory, beginning $ 51,000 Total cost of work in process $ 1,629,000 Deduct: Work in process inventory, ending $ 66,000 Cost of goods manufactured $ 1,563,0002.
The income statement for Leone Company for the year ended December 31 is as follows: Leone Company Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31 Sales $ 2,624,000 Less: Cost of goods sold: Beginning finished goods inventory $ 74,000 Add: Cost of goods manufactured $ 1,563,000 Goods available for sale $ 1,637,000 Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory $ 66,000 Cost of goods sold $ 1,571,000 Gross margin $ 1,053,000 Less: Selling and administrative expenses: Advertising expense $ 46,000 Sales salaries expense $ 358,000 Rent expense-Selling space $ 62,000 Office salaries expense $ 43,000 Rent expense-office space $ 26,000 Depreciation expense-Office equipment $ 25,000 Total selling and administrative expenses $ 560,000 Net operating income $ 493,000.
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Alpha Company was incorporated at the beginning of this year with the following authorized capitalization. • 200,000 10% cumulative preference shares, par P50; and • 200,000 ordinary shares, no-par, P100 stated value shares. During the year, Alpha issued 50,000 preference shares at P60 per share and 150,000 ordinary shares for a total of P18,000,000. In addition, subscriptions for 20,000 preference shares were taken in December this year at a purchase price of P100 per share. These subscribed shares will be paid in January next year. Profit for this year was P5,000,000. What should Alpha report as total contributed capital on its balance sheet as at December 31 this year? a. P21,000,000 b. P23,000,000 c. P26,000,000 d. P28,000,000
The total contributed capital on Alpha Company's balance sheet as at December 31 this year is P23,000,000.
Contributed capital refers to the amount of cash or assets received by a corporation in return for stock that is sold to investors. It includes both preferred and common shares sold by the company. The total contributed capital on Alpha Company's balance sheet as at December 31 this year can be calculated as follows:
Authorized Capitalization• 200,000 10% cumulative preference shares, par
P50 = (200,000 x P50)
= P10,000,000• 200,000 ordinary shares, no-par,
P100 stated value shares = P0
Issued Capitalization
50,000 preference shares at
P60 per share = (50,000 x P60) = P3,000,000150,000 ordinary shares for a total of
P18,000,000 = P18,000,000
Total Issued Capitalization = P3,000,000 + P18,000,000
= P21,000,000
Contributed capital will also include the value of the subscribed shares that will be paid in January next year.20,000 preference shares will be taken at a purchase price of P100 per share.
The subscribed shares will be paid in January next year but since the subscription took place in December, the total amount of subscribed capital will be included in this year's balance sheet.
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A chemical company makes two brands of antifreeze. The first brand is 30% pure antifreeze, and the second brand is 45% pure antifreeze. In order to obtaire 90 gallons of a mixture that contains 40% pure antifreeze, how many gallons of each brand of antifreeze must be used?
To obtain 90 gallons of a mixture containing 40% pure antifreeze, you would need to use 30 gallons of the first brand (30% pure) and 60 gallons of the second brand (45% pure).
How to calculate the total amount of pure antifreeze?
Let's assume x gallons of the first brand (30% pure) and y gallons of the second brand (45% pure) are used to make the mixture.
Since the total volume of the mixture is 90 gallons, we have the equation x + y = 90.
To calculate the total amount of pure antifreeze in the mixture, we multiply the volume of each brand by its purity percentage and add them together:
0.30x + 0.45y = 0.40(90)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
0.30x + 0.45y = 36
Now we can solve the system of equations formed by these two equations. By substituting x = 90 - y into the second equation, we can solve for y:
0.30(90 - y) + 0.45y = 36
27 - 0.30y + 0.45y = 36
0.15y = 9
y = 60
Substituting the value of y back into the equation x + y = 90, we find:
x + 60 = 90
x = 30
Therefore, to obtain a 90-gallon mixture with 40% pure antifreeze, 30 gallons of the first brand (30% pure) and 60 gallons of the second brand (45% pure) should be used.
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property taxes are an example of a (n): select one: a. discretionary variable cost. b. discretionary fixed cost. c. committed fixed cost. d. committed
the property It is a fixed cost because it has to be paid regularly, irrespective of the level of business activity. Thus, it is an example of a committed fixed cost. The correct option is option C: committed fixed cost.
Property taxes are an example of a committed fixed cost. A committed fixed cost is a fixed cost that cannot be adjusted easily to changes in the level of business activity, for example, property taxes and rent. A committed fixed cost does not change with an increase or decrease in the company’s production or level of business activity. Property taxes are a tax that is levied on real estate. The tax is based on the value of the property and is paid by the owner.
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Cite relevant events wherein Philippines have considered entering
the International Global Financial Management. What are advantages
and disadvantages of this engagement?
Philippines considered entering international global financial management was its application to become a member of the (IMF). Advantages: Access to financial assistance. Disadvantages: Possible loss of some degree of sovereignty over domestic economic policies.
"Financial" refers to anything related to money, funds, or monetary matters. It encompasses activities, systems, and institutions that deal with the management, creation, allocation, and use of monetary resources. Financial aspects can include banking, investments, borrowing, lending, budgeting, accounting, and financial planning. It involves analyzing, evaluating, and making decisions regarding the acquisition, allocation, and utilization of funds in different contexts, such as personal finance, public finance. Financial considerations are crucial for governments to achieve their financial goals and ensure economic stability and growth.
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Reference to Another Agreement Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. (Holly Hill), purchased land from Rogers and Blythe. As part of its consideration, Holly Hill gave Rog- ers and Blythe a promissory note and purchase money mortgage. The note read, in part, "This note with inter- est is secured by a mortgage on real estate made by the maker in favor of said payee. The terms of said mort- gage are by reference made a part hereof." Rogers and Blythe assigned this note and mortgage to Charter Bank of Gainesville (Charter Bank) as security in order to ob- tain a loan from the bank. Within a few months, Rog- ers and Blythe defaulted on their obligation to Charter Bank. Charter Bank sued to recover on Holly Hill’s note and mortgage. Does the reference to the mortgage in the note cause it to be nonnegotiable? Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. v. Charter Bank of Gainesville, 314 So.2d 209, 1975 Fla. App. Lexis 13715 (Court of Appeal of Florida)
No, the reference to the mortgage in the note does not cause it to be nonnegotiable. In this case, the terms of the mortgage were readily ascertainable from the note, and therefore the note remained negotiable.
In the case of Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. v. Charter Bank of Gainesville, the court held that the reference to the mortgage in the note did not render it nonnegotiable. The court noted that the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) allows for the inclusion of references to other agreements in negotiable instruments, and that such references do not affect negotiability as long as the terms of the referenced agreement are ascertainable from the face of the instrument.
One of the requirements for negotiability is that the instrument must be complete and not require reference to any other agreement or document to determine its terms. However, the UCC allows for the inclusion of references to other agreements in negotiable instruments, as long as the terms of the referenced agreement are ascertainable from the face of the instrument. In the case of Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. v. Charter Bank of Gainesville, the note in question included a reference to the mortgage that secured it. Specifically, the note stated that it was "secured by a mortgage on real estate made by the maker in favor of said payee. The terms of said mortgage are by reference made a part hereof. Overall, the case of Holly Hill Acres, Ltd. v. Charter Bank of Gainesville confirms that negotiable instruments can include references to other agreements, as long as the terms of those agreements are readily ascertainable from the face of the instrument.
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what does economics have to do with running a business?
500 words , comply with APA Standards
20% maximum plagiraziation on turnitim
Economics is essential for running a business as it helps in making informed decisions regarding pricing, production, resource allocation, market analysis, and forecasting.
Economics provides businesses with valuable insights into how markets function and how they can optimize their operations. One of the key aspects of economics in business is pricing. Businesses need to set prices for their products or services that are attractive to customers while still ensuring profitability. Economics helps in understanding the concept of supply and demand, which enables businesses to determine the optimal price point that will generate maximum revenue.
Another important area where economics plays a significant role is in production. Businesses need to make decisions regarding what to produce, how much to produce, and which production methods to adopt. Economic principles such as cost-benefit analysis, economies of scale, and production efficiency assist businesses in making these decisions. By utilizing these principles, businesses can reduce costs, increase productivity, and ultimately improve their bottom line.
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You prefer ABC Bob prefers BCA Sue prefers CAB Now, you notice that the agenda for the committee meeting will compare A and B first. Then, the winner of A and B will be compared with C a. What is the outcome of this procedure? (type the letter of the winning candidato): b. Is it possible to change your voto so that your first choice candidato, candidato A, can win? Noto, you cannot change the procedure, but you can vote however you want to get an outcome that you like better than part a. A. yes B. no
Based on the given preferences and the procedure outlined, candidate B would win the first comparison between A and B.
Then, in the second comparison, candidate C would be compared with candidate B, and the winner of that comparison would ultimately be the overall winner. Therefore, the outcome of this procedure would be candidate B winning.
It is not possible to change your vote to ensure that candidate A wins under this procedure since the winner of the first comparison is predetermined to be compared against candidate C. However, if you prefer candidate A over candidate B, you can still vote for candidate A as your first choice to reflect your personal preference, even though it may not affect the final outcome.
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TRUE / FALSE. Not properly giving credit to the sources used in your work, even when paraphrasing, is considered plagiarism and can result in not only a "0" for that assignment, but an "F" in the course. True False
It is important to give credit to the sources used in your work and avoiding plagiarism, even when paraphrasing.
The statement "Not properly giving credit to the sources used in your work, even when paraphrasing, is considered plagiarism and can result in not only a '0' for that assignment, but an 'F' in the course" is true.What is plagiarism?Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty that occurs when someone submits someone else's work as their own without properly attributing it. Any piece of writing or data that has been written or created by another person or organization should be properly credited.The importance of crediting sources. Properly crediting sources is a crucial component of academic work. When someone uses someone else's work, they must provide the original author credit. Not providing proper credit is not only unethical, but it can also lead to consequences like failing a course, earning a zero for an assignment, and potentially even expulsion.Paraphrasing,Paraphrasing involves taking information or ideas from a source and rephrasing them in your own words. Paraphrasing does not excuse you from the requirement to attribute the original source. You must still cite the original source, even if you have rephrased the information or ideas in your own words.Therefore, it is important to give credit to the sources used in your work and avoiding plagiarism, even when paraphrasing.
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Regarding the Open Doors: Extending Hospitality
to Travelers with Disabilities Case Study, please answer the discussion questions below.
1. How did ODO operationalize the definition of an adult with a disability? What
arguments could you make that the definition was too inclusive or too narrow?
2. Analyze the research design’s various components. Identify any potential problems
and explain the ramifications of these design issues. Identify potential strengths of
the design.
3. What is a hybrid (dual-modality) methodology? What are the pros and cons of the
hybrid methodology used in this study?
4. Francie Turk had no prior experience with researching Americans with disabilities.
Assume you have similar background; what would you have done in the exploratory
phase of this project to become familiar with the frustrations and hurdles that adults
with disabilities face when traveling? Compare your research process with what
ODO did. What could ODO have gained from incorporating your methods?
5. Brainstorm lists of potential hotel, restaurant, and rental car accommodations to be
evaluated for adults with disabilities and create your own paired-comparison question.
During a phone interview, how quickly could you cover this question? What are the
advantages and disadvantages to using this measurement scale in the phone survey
in comparison to using it in the online survey?
6. What are the management, research, and investigative questions driving the next
Adults with Disabilities: Travel and Hospitality Study?
1. ODO operationalized the definition of an adult with a disability by defining it as follows: "A person with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a record of such an impairment, or a person who is regarded as having such an impairment. 2. The research design had various components that could be problematic. 3. A hybrid (dual-modality) methodology is a research method that combines two or more data collection methods. 4. If I had a similar background to Francie Turk, I would have conducted interviews with people with disabilities to learn more about their experiences when traveling. 5. Potential hotel, restaurant, and rental car accommodations that could be evaluated for adults with disabilities include wheelchair accessibility, the availability of braille menus or signs, and the availability of audio descriptions of movies or shows. 6. The management, research, and investigative questions driving the next Adults with Disabilities.
1. ODO operationalized the definition of an adult with a disability by defining it as follows: "A person with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a record of such an impairment, or a person who is regarded as having such an impairment."Arguments that the definition was too inclusive or too narrow are open to interpretation. Some might argue that the definition is too narrow because it doesn't include people with minor disabilities. Others might argue that it's too broad because it includes people who are only "regarded as having such an impairment."
2. The research design had various components that could be problematic. One potential issue was the reliance on self-reported data, which may be inaccurate. Additionally, the sample size was relatively small, which could limit the generalizability of the findings. One strength of the design was the use of multiple data collection methods, including online and phone surveys.
3. A hybrid (dual-modality) methodology is a research method that combines two or more data collection methods. The pros of this methodology are that it allows researchers to collect data from multiple sources, which can increase the validity of the findings. The cons are that it can be more time-consuming and expensive than other methods. In this study, the hybrid methodology was used to collect data from both online and phone surveys.
4. If I had a similar background to Francie Turk, I would have conducted interviews with people with disabilities to learn more about their experiences when traveling. I would have also conducted a literature review to learn about existing research on this topic. ODO could have gained from incorporating these methods by getting a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges that adults with disabilities face when traveling.
5. Potential hotel, restaurant, and rental car accommodations that could be evaluated for adults with disabilities include wheelchair accessibility, the availability of braille menus or signs, and the availability of audio descriptions of movies or shows. An example of a paired-comparison question is "Which hotel is more accessible for people with mobility impairments, Hotel A or Hotel B?" The advantages of using this measurement scale in a phone survey are that it's quick and easy to administer. The disadvantage is that it may be difficult to convey visual information over the phone.
6. The management, research, and investigative questions driving the next Adults with Disabilities: Travel and Hospitality Study could include questions about the effectiveness of various accessibility measures, the attitudes of hotel and restaurant staff towards people with disabilities, and the impact of COVID-19 on travel for people with disabilities.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. 1. Properties held as security by _______________ creditors shall not be the subject of a _______________ order.
a. Unsecured & Liquidation
b. Unsecured & Suspension
c. Secured & Liquidation
d. Secured & Suspension
2. Termination due to Just Causes requires a reasonable period upon which the employee should have constructively received the notice of termination and to give the employee an opportunity to study the accusation, consult or be represented by a lawyer or union officer, gather data and evidence, and decide on the defenses against the complaint. This reasonable period should be construed as a period of at least _________ calendar days from receipt of the notice.a. Five (5)
b. Ten (10)
c. Fifteen (15)
d. Twenty (20)
Properties held as security by secured creditors shall not be the subject of a liquidation order.
Termination due to Just Causes requires a reasonable period of at least fifteen (15) calendar days from receipt of the notice.
1. Properties held as security by secured creditors shall not be the subject of a liquidation order.
2. Termination due to Just Causes requires a reasonable period upon which the employee should have constructively received the notice of termination and to give the employee an opportunity to study the accusation, consult or be represented by a lawyer or union officer, gather data and evidence, and decide on the defenses against the complaint. This reasonable period should be construed as a period of at least fifteen (15) calendar days from receipt of the notice.
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PLS SHOW ALL WORKING steps WELL PLS
Problem 3-6 Future Value of a Tax Savings [LO3] On December 30, you decide to make a $2,000 charitable donation. a. If you are in the 20.5 percent federal tax bracket, how much will you save in taxes
To calculate how much you will save in taxes from a charitable donation, you need to determine the tax savings based on your federal tax bracket.
Given:
Donation amount: $2,000
Federal tax bracket: 20.5%
To calculate the tax savings, you can multiply the donation amount by the tax bracket rate:
Tax savings = Donation amount * Tax bracket rate
= $2,000 * 0.205
= $410
Therefore, you will save $410 in taxes from your $2,000 charitable donation, assuming a federal tax bracket of 20.5%.
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Explain two responsibilities of the employer. 6. Explain two responsibilities of the employee.
In an organizational setup, both employers and employees have specific roles and responsibilities. In the event that both sides meet their respective obligations, the business can prosper and achieve its goals.
Here are two responsibilities of the employer and two responsibilities of the employee:Responsibilities of the employer:1. Ensure a safe working environment: The employer is responsible for the safety of the employees working in their company. Employers must provide safe working conditions that comply with local safety standards. This includes implementing safety measures such as training on safety procedures, providing protective gear, etc.2. Paying wages and providing benefits: The employer must provide timely and accurate payment of employee salaries. The employer must also ensure that all benefits, such as health insurance, are provided to employees.Responsibilities of the employee:1. Following company policies: Employees must follow the guidelines and procedures put in place by their employers. This includes attendance, punctuality, and following safety procedures.2. Being accountable for work: Employees are responsible for their work quality and meeting the expectations of their employer. They should work diligently and communicate any issues or problems they may encounter.
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9. To maximize profits, a monopolist produces the quantity where ( D ) a. average revenue equals average cost and then sets price equal to marginal revenue. b. average revenue equals average cost and
b. Average revenue equals average cost and then sets price equal to marginal cost.
In order to maximize profits, a monopolist needs to consider the relationship between average revenue, average cost, marginal revenue, and marginal cost. The monopolist will produce the quantity where average revenue (AR) equals average cost (AC) to ensure that the firm is operating efficiently. This is because at the quantity where AR equals AC, the monopolist is maximizing its per-unit profit.
However, simply setting the price equal to marginal revenue (MR) may not lead to profit maximization because MR represents the additional revenue gained from selling one additional unit, while marginal cost (MC) represents the additional cost incurred from producing one additional unit. To maximize profits, the monopolist should set the price equal to the marginal cost of production, as this ensures that the additional cost of producing an extra unit is covered by the additional revenue generated.
Therefore, the correct statement is: a. average revenue equals average cost and then sets price equal to marginal cost.
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All of the supervisors at Genius Company Ltd. are quite busy since they have to complete their subordinates' bi-annual appraisal reviews. The supervisors cite the following five ratings from the review report: A stands for Excellent, B for Good, C for Fair, D for Pass, and F for Fail.
Sharon, Kit, Janice, and Anna are all great pals. They have spent the last five years at Genius Company Ltd. They are having lunch one afternoon and discussing their appraisal results.
Sharon: My boss is an angel who treats everyone on my team with kindness. Even though our performance was adequate, we all received an A on our appraisal reports.
Kit: I'm envious of your success! My boss never acknowledges our efforts. Despite the fact that I have been the department's top salesperson for four consecutive quarters, my supervisor consistently gives me a D in all appraisals!
Janice: You are not alone, Kit. I am recognized as a trustworthy and helpful employee. Last month, I requested a week of sick leave, and my appraisal graded me a D in the category of 'Quality of work.'
Anna: Our supervisor is quite pleasant. Our team is thrilled since no one suffers because she merely gives us a "C" average.
The HR Manager has overheard their conversation. She is worried about the gossip may affect the morale of the employees, so she is thinking of a solution.
Question:
The HR manager would like to invite more parties to evaluate employees’ performance. Name THREE parties who can provide performance management feedback for the employees.
There are several parties that the HR manager could invite to provide performance management feedback for the employees.
Here are three options:
Customers: Inviting customers to provide feedback on the employees' performance can provide valuable insights into how well they are meeting the needs of the customers. This can help to ensure that employees are delivering high-quality work that meets the expectations of the customers.
Peers: Inviting other employees in the same department or team to provide feedback on each other's performance can help to foster a culture of collaboration and teamwork. It can also provide an opportunity for employees to learn from each other and improve their own skills.
Subject matter experts: Inviting subject matter experts in the relevant fields to evaluate the employees' performance can provide a more objective and specialized assessment. For example, if the employees work in a technical field, inviting a technical expert to evaluate their work can provide a more accurate assessment of their skills and knowledge.
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How might you use Porter’s five forces model and
competitive intelligence to improve your team’s performance in the
CAPSIM competition?
Porter's five forces model can be used to analyze the competitive environment of the CAPSIM competition and identify areas where a team can improve its performance.
By understanding the five forces – threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and competitive rivalry – a team can develop a better understanding of the market dynamics and make more informed decisions. Competitive intelligence, on the other hand, can provide the team with insights into the strengths and weaknesses of their competitors, their strategies, and their market position. This information can be used to create a competitive advantage by identifying gaps in the market and developing innovative solutions. By combining these two approaches, a team can gain a better understanding of the competitive landscape, make more strategic decisions, and ultimately improve their performance in the CAPSIM competition.
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You want to start saving for retirement. You think you can comfortably deposit $500 per month into an investment account. You believe the account will earn a 9.25% APR, compounded monthly. You expect to retire in about 45 years. (a) How much will you have when you retire if you make your contributions at the beginning of each month? (b) How much will you have when you retire if you make your contributions at the end of each month? (c) What is the financial implication of altering your contribution timing (i.e., how much of a difference is there between the two account balances)? (1 point)
(a) When making contributions at the beginning of each month, the total amount you will have when you retire can be calculated using the future value of an ordinary annuity formula in Excel.
=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
Using the given information, the formula will look like this:
=FV(9.25%/12, 45*12, -500, 0, 1)
The result will provide the future value of the investment account when you retire.
(b) When making contributions at the end of each month, the total amount you will have when you retire can be calculated using the same future value of an ordinary annuity formula in Excel:
=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
Using the given information, the formula will look like this:
=FV(9.25%/12, 45*12, -500, 0, 0)
The result will provide the future value of the investment account when you retire.
(c) The financial implication of altering your contribution timing is reflected in the difference between the two account balances. To determine the difference, you can subtract the result from part (b) from the result from part (a). This will give you the monetary impact of contribution timing on your retirement savings.
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3 Cobb-Douglas Production Function The Cobb-Douglas production function, in its stochastic form, may be expressed as Yi = β0Xβ22i Xβ33i eui (3)where Yi is output, X2i is labor input, X3i is capital input, ui is error term, and e is the base of natural logarithm. From equation (2), it is clear that the relationship between output and the two inputs is non-linear. However, if we log-transform this model, we obtain: ln Yi = ln β0 + β2 ln X2i + β3 ln X3i + ui = β1 + β2 ln X2i + β3 ln X3i + ui (4) where β1 is dened as β1 = ln β0. Thus the model (3) is linear in the parameters β1, β2, and β3 and is therefore a linear regression model. Assume that the classical assumptions are satised. 2(a) What is the interpretation of β2 and β3? The sum (β2 + β3) gives information about the returns to scale, that is, the response of output to a proportionate change in the inputs. If this sum is 1, then there are constant returns to scale (CRTS), that is, doubling the inputs will double the output, tripling the inputs will triple the output. If the sum is less than 1, there are decreasing returns to scale (DRTS), that is, doubling the inputs will less than double the output. Finally, if the sum is greater than 1, there are increasing returns to scale (IRTS), that is doubling the inputs will more than double the output. (b) We want to test whether there are constant returns to scale or not. Specify a null hypothesis. (c) Write down the restricted model under H0 you specied in (b). (d) Write down the unrestricted model. (e) Suppose that R2 R (R2 from the restricted model) is 0.977 and R2 U (R2 from the unrestricted model) is 0.9951. What is the test statistic? If you don't think you can calculate the test statistic using the information above, state the reason clearly
(a) The interpretation of β2 and β3 in the log-transformed model is as follows:
β2 represents the elasticity of output with respect to labor input (X2i). It indicates the percentage change in output resulting from a 1% change in labor input, holding capital input constant.β3 represents the elasticity of output with respect to capital input (X3i). It indicates the percentage change in output resulting from a 1% change in capital input, holding labor input constant.(b) The null hypothesis to test whether there are constant returns to scale is:
H0: β2 + β3 = 1
(c) The restricted model under H0 can be written as:
ln Yi = β1 + β2 ln X2i + β3 ln X3i + ui, with the constraint β2 + β3 = 1
(d) The unrestricted model is the same as the original log-transformed model:
ln Yi = β1 + β2 ln X2i + β3 ln X3i + ui
(e) The test statistic to compare the restricted and unrestricted models is the F-statistic. However, the F-statistic cannot be calculated solely based on the given information. To calculate the F-statistic, we would need additional information such as the number of observations, the degrees of freedom, and the residual sum of squares for both the restricted and unrestricted models.
The Cobb-Douglas production function allows us to analyze the relationship between output and inputs in a non-linear form. By log-transforming the model, we can estimate the parameters in a linear regression framework. The interpretation of β2 and β3 provides insights into the responsiveness of output to changes in labor and capital inputs. To test for constant returns to scale, we can specify a null hypothesis and compare the restricted and unrestricted models using the F-statistic. However, without additional information, we cannot calculate the test statistic in this case.
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Particulars Account Balances Dec. 31
2019 2018
Assets. $. $
Cash. 75,000 35,000
Accounts Receivable 90,000. 98,000
MerchandiseInventory 120,000. 87,000
Long-term Investment. 10,000. 15,000
Land. 30,000 20,000
325,000 255,000
Liabilities and Shareholders ' Equity
Accounts Payable 45,000 50,000
Notes Payable (short term) 35,000. 20,000
Notes Payable (Due Dec. 2007) 20,000 -
Share Capital 150,000 125,000
Retained, Earnings 75,000 60,000
325, 000 255,000
Requirement:s prepare statement showing Changes in Working Capital and Statement of Sources and Uses of funds
Working Capital is the difference between a company's present liabilities and its existing assets. The purpose of a Statement of Sources and Uses of Funds is to help companies understand how their funds are being used and whether or not they are being used efficiently.
The statement indicates how much money is being spent on different activities and which activities are contributing to the company's growth. The Changes in Working Capital is calculated by using the formula: Changes in Working Capital = Working Capital (End) - Working Capital (Beginning)As a result, the Changes in Working Capital is: Changes in Working Capital = (45,000 + 35,000 + 20,000) - (50,000 + 20,000 + 0)= 80,000 - 70,000= 10,000The Statement of Sources and Uses of Funds is made up of three parts.
Share Capital = $150,000The following is a list of uses of funds for this situation: Purchase of Land = $10,000Purchase of Merchandise Inventory = $33,000Increase in Accounts Receivable = $8,000Increase in Cash = $40,000Decrease in Accounts Payable = $5,000Increase in Short-term Notes Payable = $15,000Increase in Long-term Notes Payable = $20,000The following is the Statement of Sources and Uses of Funds: Sources of Funds Share Capital 150,000Uses of Funds Purchase of Land 10,000Purchase of Merchandise Inventory 33,000Increase in Accounts Receivable 8,000Increase in Cash 40,000Decrease in Accounts Payable 5,000Increase in Short-term Notes Payable 15,000Increase in Long-term Notes Payable 20,000Total Uses of Funds 131,000Net Increase in Funds (Sources - Uses) 19,000Opening Balance of Funds 0Closing Balance of Funds 19,000
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jordan carpets is considering expanding from the united states to spain. what problems may be faced by american supervisors relocating to spain?
There are several potential problems that American supervisors may face when relocating to Spain for the expansion of Jordan Carpets.
Firstly, language barriers could pose a challenge, as Spanish is the primary language spoken in Spain. While many Spanish citizens do speak English, it may be difficult for supervisors who are not fluent in Spanish to effectively communicate with local employees or navigate day-to-day life in the country.
Another potential issue is culture shock. Spain has a unique culture with different customs, values, and ways of doing business than what American supervisors may be accustomed to. For example, Spanish work hours are typically longer than in the United States and the pace of work may be slower. Additionally, there may be differences in business etiquette and communication styles.
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Assume that an agribusiness firm uses an average of 40 boxes of copier paper a day. The firm operates 260 days a year. Storage and handling costs for the paper are $30 a year per box, and it costs approximately $60 to order and receive a shipment of paper.
What order size would minimize the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs? (2)
Compute the total annual cost using your order size from part a. (3)
The office manager is currently using an order size of 200 boxes. The partners of the firm expect the office to be managed "in a cost-efficient manner." Would you recommend that the office manager use the optimal order size instead of 200 boxes? Justify your answer.
The optimal order size that minimizes the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs is approximately 790 boxes.
to determine the optimal order size, we need to find the order quantity that minimizes the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs. the economic order quantity (eoq) formula can be used for this purpose.
the eoq formula is given by:
eoq = √((2ds)/h)
where:
d = annual demand (number of boxes) = 40 boxes/day * 260 days = 10,400 boxes/year
s = ordering cost per order = $60/order
h = holding cost per unit per year = $30/box
plugging in the values:
eoq = √((2 * 10,400 * 60) / 30)
eoq = √(624,000)
eoq ≈ 790 boxes (rounded to the nearest whole number) to compute the total annual cost using the optimal order size, we need to consider both the ordering costs and the carrying costs.
total annual ordering cost = (d / eoq) * s
total annual carrying cost = (eoq / 2) * h
plugging in the values:
total annual ordering cost = (10,400 / 790) * 60 ≈ $789.87
total annual carrying cost = (790 / 2) * 30 ≈ $11,850
total annual cost = total annual ordering cost + total annual carrying cost
total annual cost ≈ $789.87 + $11,850 ≈ $12,639.87
considering the office manager's current order size of 200 boxes, it is clear that the optimal order size of 790 boxes would result in a lower total annual cost.
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Assume that you are considering the purchase of a 20-year, noncallable bond with an annual coupon rate of 9.5%. The bond has a face value of $1,000, and it makes semiannual interest payments. If you require an 8.2% nominal yield to maturity on this investment, what is the maximum price you should be willing to pay for the bond?
When you are looking to purchase a bond, the maximum price that should be paid for the bond is $1,156.51.
One important aspect that you need to take into consideration is its yield to maturity. Yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return anticipated on a bond if the bond is held until it matures. Yield to maturity is considered a long-term bond yield but is expressed as an annual rate. Moreover, bonds have fixed coupon payments that are usually made every six months or annually. Based on this information, let's answer the question.Assuming that you are considering the purchase of a 20-year, non-callable bond with an annual coupon rate of 9.5%, a face value of $1,000, and semi-annual interest payments, we need to determine the maximum price to be paid for the bond. First, calculate the semi-annual coupon payment:(Coupon rate * Face value) / Number of coupon payments per year= (9.5% * $1,000) / 2= $47.50We also need to calculate the number of coupon payments. As the bond makes semi-annual payments and has a 20-year maturity, there will be a total of: 20 years * 2 semi-annual payments= 40 semi-annual coupon paymentsThe next step is to calculate the present value of the bond's coupon payments using the current yield to maturity (YTM). Since the YTM is 8.2%, the semi-annual discount rate is: 8.2% / 2 = 4.1%.Using this discount rate, the present value of the bond's coupon payments can be calculated using the formula:PV = Coupon payment x (1 - (1 / (1 + r)^n)) / rWhere,PV = Present value of the bond's coupon paymentsCoupon payment = $47.50r = semi-annual discount rate (4.1%)n = number of coupon payments (40)Substituting the values in the formula, we get:PV = $47.50 x (1 - (1 / (1 + 4.1%)^40)) / (4.1%)= $845.94Finally, we need to determine the present value of the bond's face value at maturity. We can use the present value formula to calculate it.PV = Face value / (1 + r)^nWhere,PV = Present value of the face valueFace value = $1,000r = semi-annual discount rate (4.1%)n = number of periods (40)Substituting the values in the formula, we get:PV = $1,000 / (1 + 4.1%)^40= $310.57Now that we have calculated both the present values of the bond's coupon payments and face value, we can calculate the maximum price that should be paid for the bond. We can do this by adding the two present values together.$845.94 + $310.57 = $1,156.51Therefore, the maximum price that should be paid for the bond is $1,156.51.
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The following errors occurred during 20X1. Inventory costing $3,000, purchased on December 29, FOB shipping point was not included in the ending inventory count. The inventory and related invoice arrived on January 2, 20X2. On January 2, the cost of maintaining equipment in the amount of $40,000 was debited to the Equipment account. The company depreciates equipment over four years, with no estimated salvage value. The cost of supplies purchased during the year was expensed as incurred. No adjusting entry was made for supplies costing $1,000 that were still on hand at December 31. Assume that the errors were not discovered. Complete the following tables, indicating the effect on Financial Statement categories for 20X1.
Effect on 20X1 financial statement categories
Error No. Assets Liabilities Equity Net Income
1 2 3
Effect on 20X1 Financial Statement Categories
Error No. Assets Liabilities Equity Net Income
1 Overstated Overstated
2 Overstated
3 Understated
Error No. 1: Inventory costing $3,000, purchased on December 29, FOB shipping point, was not included in the ending inventory count. This error leads to an overstatement of assets because the inventory, which should have been recorded, was not included. As a result, equity and net income are both overstated since inventory is an asset and its omission affects the calculation of net income.
Error No. 2: On January 2, the cost of maintaining equipment in the amount of $40,000 was debited to the Equipment account. This error causes an overstatement of assets because the equipment maintenance cost should have been expensed rather than capitalized. Since this error does not directly impact liabilities or equity, those categories are unaffected.
Error No. 3: The cost of supplies purchased during the year was expensed as incurred, and no adjusting entry was made for supplies costing $1,000 that were still on hand at December 31. This error results in an understatement of expenses and, consequently, an overstatement of net income. As a result, equity is also understated since net income affects the calculation of equity.
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Subject : Warehousing ( Logistics )
Q2. Give your opinion whether do you think the on-line food deliveries, on-line shopping and on-line platform companies in Malaysia adhere and follow halal logistics standards. (20%)
In my opinion, I think that on-line food deliveries, on-line shopping and on-line platform companies in Malaysia follow halal logistics standards. In Malaysia, halal logistics standards are strictly adhered to and are a major concern for the warehousing (logistics) industry. It is important for all of the logistic industry to ensure that halal products are transported and stored appropriately. Therefore, I believe that these companies in Malaysia follow halal logistics standards.
In Malaysia, halal logistics standards have become increasingly important. For example, halal logistics in Malaysia is required to be monitored by the Department of Islamic Development. Malaysia's halal certification process is renowned around the world as being one of the most rigorous and comprehensive.In order for online food deliveries, online shopping and online platform companies in Malaysia to comply with the halal logistics standards, they must have the following:Halal certification for the products they are selling and delivering.A process for tracking and monitoring the halal status of the products.Transportation, warehousing, and distribution channels that are halal certified.The ability to properly segregate halal and non-halal products.In conclusion, Malaysia's strict adherence to halal logistics standards ensures that the country's online food deliveries, online shopping, and online platform companies are held to high standards. Therefore, I believe that these companies in Malaysia follow halal logistics standards.
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Wars tend to cause significant reactions in financial markets. Why might a war in the Middle East place upward pressure on US interest rates? Why might some investors expect a war like this to place downward pressure on US interest rates?
A Middle East war may raise US interest rates due to geopolitical risk, but some investors anticipate lower rates as central banks stimulate growth to counter conflict's impact.
Why might a war in the Middle East affect US interest rates?A war in the Middle East creates geopolitical instability, which can lead to market uncertainty and risk aversion. In response to this heightened risk, investors may seek safer assets, such as US Treasury bonds. The increased demand for bonds pushes their prices up and, inversely, lowers their yields. This downward pressure on interest rates occurs as investors anticipate a flight to safety amidst geopolitical tensions.
However, the expectation of a war may also prompt central banks, including the US Federal Reserve, to implement expansionary monetary policies. Lowering interest rates and implementing quantitative easing measures can help support economic activity and mitigate the potential negative impact of the conflict. By stimulating borrowing and spending, central banks aim to offset the potential contractionary effects of the war, potentially leading to a downward pressure on interest rates.
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A war in the Middle East has the potential to disrupt oil supplies and raise oil prices, which would have a significant impact on the US economy. Investors and creditors may flock to US Treasuries and other high-quality bonds. These assets are regarded as safe-haven investments because they provide a reliable source of income and are backed by the US government.
The explanation of why war in the Middle East might place upward pressure on US interest rates and why some investors might expect a war like this to place downward pressure on US interest rates is given below:
Why a war in the Middle East might place upward pressure on US interest rates: The US is a major importer of oil, with Middle Eastern oil accounting for a substantial portion of its imports. As a result, a war in the Middle East has the potential to disrupt oil supplies and raise oil prices, which would have a significant impact on the US economy. Oil is used to produce many goods and services, including fuel for transportation, heating and cooling, and electricity generation.
If the price of oil rises, the cost of producing these goods and services increases, resulting in higher inflation rates. When inflation rates rise, central banks, such as the US Federal Reserve, frequently raise interest rates in response to counteract the effects of inflation.
As a result, if a war in the Middle East caused oil prices to rise and inflation rates to increase, US interest rates would likely rise as well. This is because investors and creditors will demand higher interest rates to compensate for the increased risk that inflation will erode the real value of their investments.
Why some investors expect a war like this to place downward pressure on US interest rates: In response to a major geopolitical event such as a Middle Eastern war, investors and creditors may flock to US Treasuries and other high-quality bonds. These assets are regarded as safe-haven investments because they provide a reliable source of income and are backed by the US government. This high demand for US Treasuries and other bonds can lead to a decline in their yields and, consequently, a decline in interest rates.
This is because when the demand for bonds rises, their prices increase, and when bond prices rise, their yields decrease, resulting in lower interest rates.
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Suppose that an economy has the following production function: Y = F(K, LE) = K1/2(LE)1/2 Assume that the rate of depreciation is 6 percent per year ( = .06), the rate of population growth is 2 percent per year (n = .02), the rate of labor efficiency growth is 2 percent per year (g=.02) and the saving rate is 60 percent (s = 0.6).
1.Graphically illustrate the steady state. Clearly label the curves, and the steady state
values of k*, y*, c* and i*. If MPK=0.08, is the economy below, above, or right at the
Golden Rule steady state?
The Solow growth model assumes that the economy's output, Y, depends on physical capital, K, and the level of "human capital" as determined by the aggregate level of labour force in the economy. It is given that the production function of the economy is Y = F(K,LE) = K1/2(LE)1/2.
Also, the rate of depreciation is 6%, the rate of population growth is 2%, the rate of labor efficiency growth is 2%, and the saving rate is 60% (s = 0.6).1. Graphical illustration of the steady-state:In a Solow model, the steady-state level of capital is the value of K at which depreciation balances with investment. The steady-state level of capital is obtained by setting delta multiplied by K equal to s multiplied by F(K, LE) minus (delta + n + g) multiplied by K.K is on the x-axis, and Y is on the y-axis, as shown in the figure below.
The consumption per worker is the difference between output per worker and investment per worker. c* is the steady-state consumption per worker, y* is the steady-state output per worker, k* is the steady-state capital per worker, and i* is the steady-state investment per worker. The curve SS depicts the steady-state level of capital. The slope of the SS curve is the amount of investment per unit change in capital per worker. SS intersects with the investment curve at point E. E is the steady-state point. The slope of the investment curve is the amount of investment per unit change in capital per worker.2. Golden Rule: The Golden Rule steady-state is a capital stock value that optimizes consumption per worker.
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the theory of consumer behavior assumes that consumers attempt to maximize group of answer choices the difference between total and marginal utility. marginal utility. average utility
The theory of consumer behavior assumes that consumers attempt to maximize their utility, which is the satisfaction or pleasure they receive from consuming goods and services. Utility is the ability of a good or service to satisfy human wants and needs.
Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or pleasure a consumer receives from consuming one additional unit of a good or service. Total utility is the total satisfaction or pleasure a consumer receives from consuming all units of a good or service.
According to the theory of consumer behavior, consumers will continue to consume goods and services until the marginal utility they receive from consuming one additional unit equals the price they pay for that unit. This is known as the principle of equimarginal utility.
In other words, consumers will allocate their income to the goods and services that provide them with the highest marginal utility per dollar spent. This is because they want to maximize their total utility.
Average utility is the total utility a consumer receives from consuming all units of a good or service, divided by the total number of units consumed. Average utility is less important in the theory of consumer behavior than marginal utility, because it does not take into account the additional satisfaction or pleasure gained from consuming one additional unit.
In conclusion, the theory of consumer behavior assumes that consumers attempt to maximize their utility, which is the satisfaction or pleasure they receive from consuming goods and services. Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or pleasure a consumer receives from consuming one additional unit of a good or service. The principle of equimarginal utility states that consumers will allocate their income to the goods and services that provide them with the highest marginal utility per dollar spent.
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A fire occurred on September 30,1998, in the Store of Mr Andy. From the following figures Ascertain the claim to be lodged. Stock on January 1, 1998 17,000 Purchases from January 1, 1998, to date of fire 1,70,000 Wages and other manufacturing expenses 17,000 Sales from January 1, 1998, to date of fire 2,00,000 The rate of gross profit is 25% on cost. The stock salvaged was valued at $ 4,000.
The claim to be lodged after the fire is $17,000.
The stock on January 1, 1998, was $17,000 and purchases from January 1, 1998, to the date of fire was $1,70,000.
The total cost of goods available for sale (i.e., opening stock + purchases) is equal to $17,000 + $1,70,000 = $1,87,000.
Therefore, the claim to be lodged is as follows:
Particulars Amount (in $)Stock on January 1, 199817,000
Add: Purchases from January 1, 1998, to the date of fire1,70,000
Goods available for sale1,87,000
Less: Stock salvaged4,000
Cost of goods lost or damaged1,83,000
Less: Sales from January 1, 1998, to the date of fire2,00,000
Gross loss incurred (i.e., excess of cost over sales)17,000
Therefore, the claim to be lodged is $17,000.
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The foreign purchases effect suggests that an increase in the Bahrain's price level relative to other countries will O A. decrease both Bahrain's imports and Bahrain's exports. OB. increase both Bahra
An increase in bahrain's price level relative to other countries will decrease both bahrain's imports and bahrain's exports.
the foreign purchases effect suggests that an increase in bahrain's price level relative to other countries will decrease both bahrain's imports and bahrain's exports. this effect is based on the principle of price competitiveness in international trade.
when the price level in bahrain rises compared to other countries, it makes bahrain's goods and services relatively more expensive in the global market. as a result, foreign consumers will be less willing to purchase bahrain's exports because they can find similar products at lower prices from other countries. this leads to a decrease in bahrain's exports.
similarly, an increase in bahrain's price level makes imported goods relatively cheaper for bahraini consumers compared to domestically produced goods. this prompts consumers to shift their preferences towards imported goods, leading to a decrease in bahrain's domestic production and hence a decrease in imports. this is because higher prices reduce competitiveness and negatively impact the trade balance by reducing exports and increasing imports.
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monopolists are guaranteed to earn a positive economic profit because they are the only seller in their industry. T/F ?
The correct option is True. Monopolists are guaranteed to earn a positive economic profit in the short run.
They have control over the entire market and face no competition. As the sole seller in the industry, they have the ability to set prices higher than their production costs, resulting in a positive economic profit. However, in the long run, potential entry of new firms or changes in market conditions may erode the monopolist's profitability.
Therefore, while monopolists can earn positive economic profits in the short run due to their market power, the long-run sustainability of these profits depends on various factors such as market dynamics, entry barriers, and regulatory interventions.
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Shown here are annual financial data for a merchandising company and a manufacturing company. Music World Retail Wave-Board Manufacturing Beginning inventory Merchandise $ 135,000 Finished goods $360,
There are some significant differences between merchandising companies and manufacturing companies. While merchandising companies buy finished goods and sell them, manufacturing companies produce goods using raw materials or sub-assemblies.
One of the significant distinctions between a merchandising company and a manufacturing company is their core business activities. The merchandising company purchases finished goods from wholesalers and resells them to customers, while the manufacturing company produces goods using raw materials or sub-assemblies. Music World Retail's financial statements indicate that they have an inventory worth $135,000 at the beginning of the year, consisting of merchandise. Because they are a merchandising company, the $135,000 worth of merchandise was undoubtedly purchased finished and not produced by the company. It's reasonable to assume that Music World Retail is a wholesale and retail business since they made $280,000 in revenue over the year.Wave-Board Manufacturing's financial statements, on the other hand, display a beginning inventory of finished goods worth $360,000. The finished goods are items that have been produced and are awaiting delivery to customers. Their inventory's worth being $360,000 suggests that they had produced and completed items worth this much at the end of the previous year. As previously stated, Wave-Board Manufacturing's primary business activity, like any manufacturing company, is producing items. They had sales of $1,200,000 over the year.
It's clear that the core business activities of the two companies are vastly different. While Music World Retail is a wholesale and retail business, Wave-Board Manufacturing produces items using raw materials or sub-assemblies. The companies' financial statements' beginning inventory sections reflect their core business activities. Music World Retail has an inventory of merchandise worth $135,000 at the beginning of the year, while Wave-Board Manufacturing has an inventory of finished goods worth $360,000.
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