What are two things we need to consider to make living off Earth possible?
In fruit flies, the phenotype for eye color is determined by a certain locus. E indicates the dominant allele and e indicates the recessive allele. The cross between a male wild-type fruit fly and a female white-eyed fruit fly produced the following offspring.
Wild Type Male Wild Type Female White-eyed Male White-eyed Female Brown-eyed Female
F1 Generation 0 45 55 0 1
The wild-type and white-eyed individuals from the F1 generation were then crossed to produce the following offspring.
Wild Type Male Wild Type Female White-eyed Male White-eyed Female Brown-eyed Female
F2 Generation 23 31 22 24 0
Required:
a. Determine the genotypes of the original parents (P generation) and explain your reasoning.
b. Use a Chi-squared test on the F2 generation data to analyze your prediction of the parental genotypes.
Answer:
The genotypes of the original parents are
Male: X⁺Y Female: X⁻X⁻The Chi-square analysis leads us to accept the prediction of the parental genotypes.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
(a) The genotypes for the original parents (P generation) are
Male: X⁺Y
Female: X⁻X⁻
(b) The prediction of the parental genotype is accepted by the Chi-squared test analysis.
What is the eye color pattern in fruit flies?Drosophila Melanogaster is a fruit fly with abnormally big, brightly colored eyes.
The range in color from red to sepia to white reveals a lot about the genetic makeup of the fly.
(a) E = + ⇒ Dominant allele coding for wild-type eyes
e = - ⇒ Recessive allele coding for white eyes
Now, Crossing the : male wild-type with a female white-eyed
(Parental) = X⁺Y x X⁻X⁻
(Phenotype) = wild white
(Gametes) = X⁺ Y X⁻ X⁻
(Punnett square) = X⁺ Y
X⁻ = X⁺X⁻ X⁻Y
X⁻ = X⁺X⁻ X⁻Y
In (F1)generation = 2/4 = 1/2 = 50% of the progeny are expected to be wild-type females.
And 2/4 = 1/2 = 50% of the progeny are expected to be white-eyed males.
Thus, the percentages are almost 50:50, as the expected ones.
So, the genotypes of the original parents are
Male: X⁺Y
Female: X⁻X⁻
(b) Using Chi-squared test :
Observed fruit fly type:
Wild Type Male - 25
Wild Type Female - 31
White-eyed Male - 22
White-eyed Female - 24
Expected fruit fly type:
Wild Type Male - 25
Wild Type Female - 25
White-eyed Male - 25
White-eyed Female - 25
Now, chi square [tex]= \sum\dfrac{(O- E)^2 }{E}[/tex]
By putting numbers in the formula, we are getting
Wild Type Male - 0.16
Wild Type Female - 1.44
White-eyed Male - 0.36
White-eyed Female - 0.04
Now, X² = 0.16 + 1.44 + 0.36 + 0.04 = 2
Critical value = 7.82
X² (2) < critical value (7.82)
Thus, this is the evidence to accept the given hypothesis.
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Two Bio 45 students are having a disagreement about renal function. Dan says that the kidneys work harder when you eat a high-salt diet, whereas Peter says that they work harder when you drink lots of water.
In mutualism, both organisms participating benefit from the relationship.
True or False?
Answer:
true
Explanation:
A white-tailed deer cannot make its own food and must consume other organisms
for its nutrition. Therefore, the white-tailed is considered a (an)
A)heterotroph.
B)producer.
C)chemotroph.
D)autotroph. .
Answer:
A) Heterotroph
Explanation:
White tailed deers are consumers and do not produce their own food. Most mammals can’t either. Putting in the heterotroph category.
Hope this helps, good luck!
Brendan made a diagram to compare and contrast the benefits of two types of social behavior.
The diagram shows 2 overlapping circles labeled Flocking and Herding. There is a z in Herding.
Which description belongs in the area marked "Z"?
reproduction
protection
foraging
hydrodynamic efficiency
please help this is an exam and its timeddddd
Answer:
Which description belongs in the area marked Z? Protection.
Explanation:
Have a great summer.
Herding is refer to as the act of bringing individual animals together into a group, maintaining the group, and moving the group from place to place or any combination of those. The description belongs in the area marked "Z" is foraging. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is flocking?A flocking is refer to as the large number of birds, especially those gathered together for the purpose of migration. For example, a large number of animals, especially sheep or goats kept together and migrate.
Foraging behavior includes all the methods by which an animal acquires and utilizes sources of energy and nutrients. This also includes the location and resources consumption, as well as their recapture and storage, within the context of the larger community.
For more information regarding foraging, refer:
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#SPJ2
Artificial wetlands ________. are the major program for replacing lost natural wetlands purify water for use as bottled drinking water are a source of arsenic contamination in Bangladesh are created using xeriscaping methods can help purify water and also provide wildlife habitat
its also nice to keep a _______ in my purse
Answer:
its also nice to keep a __phone_____ in my purse
Explanation:
PLS HELP FAST NO LINKS!
If you live in a region that has hot, dry summers, and cool, wet winters, what climate might you live in?
A. arid
B.temperate
C.tropical
D.Mediterranean
Answer:
Mediterranean climate
How can we control the laser light show to stop it from hitting the crowd
Answer:
just turn it off
Explanation:
atmosphere is a present around the surface of the earth but it is not present around the surface of the Moon why
Answer:
tmosphere is a present around the surface of the earth but it is not present around the surface of the Moon because
This reduces the amount of gravity on the moon. Strong gravity is needed to hold an atmosphere into place. With weak gravity, gases that are emitted from the surface quickly are lost to outer space. Another reason is because the moon does not currently experience plate tectonics and geologic upwelling. Plate tectonics allows for a recycling of crust and convergence and divergence of plates occurs and this leads to volcanoes and gases escaping at the boundaries. The moon is said to be geologically dead.
The diagram shows the human alimentary canal. In which parts does peristalsis take place? plss be sure abt it
Answer:
i think answer is 3 and 4
Explanation:
peristalsis is located at esophagus and in our digestive system
The parts where peristalsis will take place are ; ( C ) parts 3 and 4
Peristalsis is a series of muscle contraction occurring in the digestive system of Humans also these series of muscle contraction can be seen in tubes connecting the human kidney and bladder as well.
From the diagram parts 3 ( esophagus )and 4 ( intestines ) are part of the human digestive system and peristalsis is very evident in these regions in the human body.
Hence we can conclude that The parts where peristalsis will take place are 3 and 4
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Chemical energy in the form of food is changed into what?
3. If you were looking at a cell that had all of its chromosomes lined up down the middle of
the cell, what phase must it be in?
1. Telophase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphas
Answer:
3. Metaphase
Explanation:
Metaphase is the stage in the cell cycle where the chromosomes line up in a line down the middle of the cell (some people call it the metaphase plate).
The way I like to remember it is: Metaphase is in the Middle.
I hope this helps! :D
Answer:
I'm sorry hindi ko po alam
Scientists observed that the populations of top-level consumers in a particular ecosystem were rapidly decreasing. Further studies revealed that there was also a decline in producer productivity. Which other changes did the scientists most likely observe in the ecosystem?
increased producer diversity
decreased population size at all levels
decreased primary consumer populations only
increased primary and secondary consumer diversity
Answer:
The correct answer is - decreased population size at all levels.
Explanation:
A decrease in the productivity of producers of an ecosystem will lead to a decrease in all other organisms of the ecosystem including top-level consumers to the bottom-level producers due to the fact that producers provide energy and food to primary consumers.
It is because they are the only organisms that convert the sunlight to usable energy and food that transfer from one trophic level to other, so if the population of producers or their productivity will decrease then there will be decreased population size at all levels.
In guinea pigs, the color of the fur is determined by a single gene with two alleles control. The brown allele (B) is dominant over the white allele (b). Two heterozygous guinea pigs are crossed. Draw a genetic diagram with the genotypic, phenotypic and ratio information of the P₁ and F ₁ generations of this cross.
Answer:
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
Genotype:
ratio - 1:2:1
1 BB = 25%
2 Bb = 50%
1 bb = 25%
Phenotype:
ratio - 3:1
3 Brown: 75%
1 White:25%
HOpe this helps
Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below:
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype
Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
Required:
a. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates.
b. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates.
c. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
Complete question
Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below (numbers have been slightly modified for the purposes of this worksheet).
Field Data Summary
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
1. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates. [to 3 decimal places]
2. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates. (to 3 decimal places)
3. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
4. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the dark, rocky lava substrate. (to 3 decimals). For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
5. Which fur color seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage? Use data collected from both dark-colored and light- colored substrates to support your answer.
6.What environmental change gave a selective advantage for one coat color over another?
7. In a separate study, 76 rock pocket mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock. One collecting site was in Arizona. The other three were in New Mexico. Dr. Nachman and colleagues observed no significant differences in the color of the rocks in the four locations sampled. However, the dark-colored mice from the three New Mexico locations were slightly darker than the dark-colored mice from the Arizona population. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all 76 of the mice collected. The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Arizona mice were absent from the three different populations of New Mexico mice. No Mc1r mutations were associated with dark fur color in the New Mexico populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changes have different genetic bases. How does this study support the concept that natural selection is not random?
8. To determine if the rock pocket mouse population is evolving, explain why it is necessary to collect fur color frequency data over a period of many years.
Answer:
1)
frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.74 frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.262)
frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.13 frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.873)
p² ≅ 0.02 q² ≅ 0.74 2pq ≅ 0.244)
q² = 0.13 p² = 0.4 2pq = 0.465) The dark-colored fur seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage
6) Dark lava changed the color of the substrate, from light to dark.
7) Because to produce dark color, animals from the different regions suffered different mutations that drove them to have almost the same dark fur color.
8) To see if the mice population is evolving. If it is, there will be a change in the allelic and genotypic frequencies over the years. If it is not evolving, the frequencies will keep equal through the years.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files
Energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth many by
Energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth mainly by [tex]\sf\purple{electromagnetic\:waves\:or\:radiation}[/tex].
D. electromagnetic waves. ✔
[tex]\circ \: \: { \underline{ \boxed{ \sf{ \color{green}{Happy\:learning.}}}}}∘[/tex]
What is happening in these images?
Cardiogenic shock shock results when: The body loses an excessive amount of blood The body's blood vessels are dilated The left ventricle cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's demands Trauma results in temporary loss of the autonomic function of the spinal cord
Answer:
The left ventricle cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's demands
Explanation:
Cardiogenic shock is a problem that occurs when the heart cannot pump the adequate amount of blood to supply all organs. In this situation, the left ventricle, responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood, cannot pump enough blood to tend the body's demands. This causes blood pressure to drop and oxygen in the tissues to be lacking. In addition, this situation can cause accumulation of fluid in the lungs. This is a very dangerous problem, being one of the main causes of myocardial infarction.
Our hair and nail contain
Α. Protein
B Calcium
C Chlorine
D Phosphorus.
Answer:
protein
Explanation:
our hair and nail contain option ( D) protein.nails and hairs of one body's made up of follicles and matris.
definition of human rights
How is waste (and the accumulation of it) not only harming wildlife, but ourselves?
5 The systolic blood pressure reading of 140-159 the systolic blood pressure reading of 140 - 159 is what stage of Hypertension?
A Stage 2
B Stage 1
C Stage 3
D High Normal
Answer:
B. Stage 1
Explanation:
Systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg and Diastolic less than 80 mm Hg so it is considered as normal. Pre-Hypertension occurs when the Systolic blood pressure is 120 - 139 and Diastolic pressure is 80 - 89. Stage 1 Hypertension is considered when the Systolic blood pressure is 140 - 159 and Diastolic blood pressure is 90- 99. If the Systolic blood pressure is greater than 160 it is considered as Stage 2 Hypertension.
Conver 3 miles to feet
Answer:
1mile = 5280ft
3miles = 3x5280 = 15840ft
Answer:
the answer is 15840 feets
Define Vascular tissue?
Answer:
Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue found in vascular plants that is made up of several cell types. The xylem and phloem are the two main components of vascular tissue. Internally, these two tissues carry fluid and nutrients.
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how scientists are able to determine climate information by just looking at tree rings? (how does it work?)
Explanation:
Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area's local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry.
Answer:
Explanation:
Climate scientists compare the tree growth records to local weather records. For locations where a good statistical match exists between tree growth and temperature or precipitation during the period of overlap, the ring widths can be used to estimate past temperature or precipitation over the lifetime of the tree.
There are marked differences in the type of organisms found at four different locations at the same tidal height along ta rocky shore. What might account for this
Answer and Explanation:
Many elements can be responsible for this, among them, we can mention the presence and absence of predators in the different places on the rocky coast. This is because predators can influence not only the number of organisms found, but also the types of organisms.
Another element that may be the cause of this variability is the availability of resources necessary for the life of these organisms, in addition, the impact of the waves on the rocks, can cause the variability of the organisms, since some may not be able to resist the impact of the waves.
which of the following occurs during the process of asexual reproduction
Mitosis only
meiosis only
Mitosis and meiosis
none of the these
Answer:
Explanation:
Reproduction may be asexual when one individual produces genetically identical offspring, or sexual when the genetic material from two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction occurs through fission, budding, and fragmentation.
Pregnancy comes with a unique set of diet and lifestyle guidelines. Some substances are particularly beneficial for the mother or baby, others are harmful, and some should be used with caution.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
I believe it it A. True
Hope this helps
Answer:
a
Explanation:
the concentration of substances contained in e.g some medicines might be okay for a woman who is not expecting but the the impact is totally different to someone who has a baby growing in their uterus,this is so because babies are very delicate and reactive to strong chemicals