A. Journal Entries:
Issued 10,000 shares of common stock for $50,000 cash:
Cash 50,000
Common Stock 10,000
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par – Common Stock 40,000
Purchased land for $80,000 cash:
Land 80,000
Cash 80,000
Borrowed $20,000 from the bank by signing a note payable:
Cash 20,000
Notes Payable 20,000
Bought office equipment for $25,000 cash:
Office Equipment 25,000
Cash 25,000
Revenues earned for the year totaled $120,000, of which $60,000 was collected in cash and $60,000 is still owed to PC Corporation:
Accounts Receivable 60,000
Service Revenue 120,000
Cash 60,000
Recognized expenses incurred during the year totaling $70,000, of which $40,000 has been paid in cash and $30,000 is still owed:
Accounts Payable 30,000
Salaries and Wages Expense 40,000
Cash 40,000
B. Statement of Retained Earnings:
Beginning Retained Earnings: $0
Add: Net Income (Revenues - Expenses)
= $120,000 - $70,000
= $50,000
Less: Dividends Declared
= $0
Ending Retained Earnings: $50,000
C. Stockholders' Equity Section of Balance Sheet:
Common Stock $10,000
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par – Common Stock $40,000
Retained Earnings $50,000
Total Stockholders' Equity $100,000
Note: The balance sheet date is not given in the question. Therefore, the amounts shown on the balance sheet may differ depending on the date of the balance sheet.
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Discuss ethical concerns you see in your project. How will you
address or prevent them?
Answer:
i Will try my best on that side
To avoid human subjects research problems, the project team could ensure that all research involving human subjects follows ethical guidelines.
The ethical concerns that could arise in a project include the following: Infringement of intellectual property rights, plagiarism, data theft or data security issues, privacy, and human subjects research problems can all arise. Hence, in order to address these ethical concerns, there are several steps that could be taken. They are as follows:1. In order to avoid intellectual property issues, the project could hire a legal consultant to ensure that all of the intellectual property has been cleared and that the project is not infringing on any existing IP rights. 2. Plagiarism could be avoided by making sure that all of the research conducted is original and correctly cited. The project team could also use plagiarism-detection software to ensure that their work is original. 3. To avoid data security issues, the project team could ensure that all of the data is encrypted and stored securely. They could also implement a secure network for data transmission and conduct regular vulnerability assessments. 4. Privacy could be addressed by obtaining informed consent from participants and ensuring that their personal information is kept confidential. The project team could also ensure that all data collection and processing comply with relevant data protection laws. 5. Finally, to avoid human subjects research problems, the project team could ensure that all research involving human subjects follows ethical guidelines. They could also obtain institutional approval for the research project.
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A stock had returns of 12 percent, 13 percent, 16 percent, 2 percent, 14 percent, and 5 percent over the last six years. Required: (a) What is the arithmetic return for the stock? (b) What is the geometric return for the stock?
The geometric return is always lower than the arithmetic return because it takes into account the compounding effect of returns over time.
The arithmetic return of a stock is the average of the returns over the six years. While the geometric return of a stock is the compound average annual rate of return. Calculation of (a) Arithmetic return for the stock:The calculation of the arithmetic return of the stock is:Arithmetic return = (12% + 13% + 16% + 2% + 14% + 5%) / 6Arithmetic return = 62% / 6Arithmetic return = 10.33%Therefore, the arithmetic return for the stock is 10.33%.Calculation of (b) Geometric return for the stock:We can calculate the geometric return by using the formula:Geometric return = [(1 + R1) × (1 + R2) × … × (1 + Rn)] ^ (1/n) - 1Where n = number of years and Rn = the rate of return for each year.So, by substituting the given values, we get:Geometric return = [(1 + 12%) × (1 + 13%) × (1 + 16%) × (1 + 2%) × (1 + 14%) × (1 + 5%)] ^ (1/6) - 1Geometric return = (1.12 × 1.13 × 1.16 × 1.02 × 1.14 × 1.05) ^ (1/6) - 1Geometric return = 1.90389 ^ 0.1667 - 1Geometric return = 1.0312 - 1Geometric return = 3.12%Therefore, the geometric return for the stock is 3.12%.Answer more than 100 words:For calculating the returns of a stock, there are two types of returns that we need to consider, namely the arithmetic return and the geometric return. The arithmetic return is the average of the returns over a period of time while the geometric return is the compound annual rate of return for the same period. Here, we are given the returns of a stock over six years as 12%, 13%, 16%, 2%, 14%, and 5%. The calculation of the arithmetic return is simply taking the average of these returns. By adding all the returns and dividing by the total number of returns, we get the arithmetic return of the stock as 10.33%.On the other hand, the calculation of the geometric return is a bit more complicated as it requires the use of a formula. The formula for the geometric return is [(1 + R1) × (1 + R2) × … × (1 + Rn)] ^ (1/n) - 1 where Rn is the rate of return for each year and n is the number of years. By substituting the values in the formula, we get the geometric return for the stock as 3.12%.Therefore, we can see that the arithmetic return for the stock is higher than the geometric return.
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during the job design phase, who decides specific job tasks?
During the job design phase, the specific job tasks are typically decided by a combination of individuals, including human resources professionals, managers, and subject matter experts.
These stakeholders collaborate to determine the responsibilities, duties, and activities that will be included in a particular job. In the job design phase, the process of defining and structuring a job takes place. This involves determining the tasks, responsibilities, and requirements that make up the job role. The responsibility of deciding the specific job tasks usually lies with a team of individuals, including HR professionals, managers, and subject matter experts.
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A manager wishes to simulate 10 days of operation of an Inventory system. The beginning inventory at the start of the first day is 62 units. Demand is known to be uniformly distributed in the range 4 to 8 units per day, inclusive. The random numbers used for the 10-day simulation are 0.25, 0.61, 0.09, 0.62, 0.72, 0.59, 0.33, 0.51, 0.17, 0.29. Assuming no new units are delivered during the 10-day simulation. The inventory at the end of the 5th day is: (Round your answer to 2 decimal places)
The inventory at the end of the 5th day is 30 units.
To determine the inventory at the end of the 5th day, we need to track the inventory changes based on the given demand and random numbers. Here's the calculation for each day:
Day 1:
Beginning inventory: 62 units
Demand: 4 units (using random number 0.25)
Ending inventory: 62 - 4 = 58 units
Day 2:
Beginning inventory: 58 units (ending inventory from Day 1)
Demand: 8 units (using random number 0.61)
Ending inventory: 58 - 8 = 50 units
Day 3:
Beginning inventory: 50 units (ending inventory from Day 2)
Demand: 4 units (using random number 0.09)
Ending inventory: 50 - 4 = 46 units
Day 4:
Beginning inventory: 46 units (ending inventory from Day 3)
Demand: 8 units (using random number 0.62)
Ending inventory: 46 - 8 = 38 units
Day 5:
Beginning inventory: 38 units (ending inventory from Day 4)
Demand: 8 units (using random number 0.72)
Ending inventory: 38 - 8 = 30 units
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The current controllable margin for Henry Division is $63000. Its current operating assets are $300000. The division is considering purchasing equipment for $90000 that will increase annual controllable margin by an estimated $9000. If the equipment is purchased, what will happen to the return on investment for Henry Division? O An increase of 14.29% O A decrease of 8.54% A decrease of 2.54% O A decrease of 6.10%
The division is considering purchasing equipment for $90000 that will increase annual controllable margin by an estimated $9000.
We have to determine what will happen to the return on investment for Henry Division?To calculate the return on investment (ROI) for the Henry Division, we will use the following formula:ROI = (Current controllable margin / Current operating assets) x 100Given that the current controllable margin is $63000, and current operating assets are $300000, so;ROI = ($63000 / $300000) x 100ROI = 21%Now if Henry Division purchased the equipment that will increase annual controllable margin by an estimated $9000. After purchasing the equipment, the controllable margin would be $72000 ($63000 + $9000).
So, the new ROI would be;ROI = ($72000 / $390000) x 100ROI = 18.46%Therefore, the return on investment for Henry Division would decrease by 2.54%. Hence, the correct option is: A decrease of 2.54%.
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Cresskill, Inc., has an Investment opportunity in Europe. The project costs €10 million and Is expected to produce cash flows of €1.5 million in Year 1, €1.9 million In Year 2, and €3 million in Year 3. The current spot exchange rate is $1.30/€; and the current risk-free rate in the United States is 1.5 percent, compared to that in Europe of 2.3 percent. The appropriate discount rate for the project is estimated to be 15 percent, the U.S. cost of capital for the company. In addition, the subsidiary can be sold at the end of three years for an estimated €8.5 million. Use the exact form of Interest rate parity in calculating the expected spot rates. What is the NPV of the project in U.S. dollars? (Do not round Intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not in millions, rounded to two decimal places, e.g.. 1,234,567.89)
The NPV of the project in U.S. dollars, using the exact form of Interest Rate Parity, is calculated to be $4,352,980.24.
To calculate the NPV in U.S. dollars, we need to convert the cash flows and the terminal value from euros to dollars using the spot exchange rate. The present value of each cash flow is then determined by discounting it at the appropriate discount rate of 15 percent, which is the U.S. cost of capital. The terminal value is also discounted back to its present value. Finally, the NPV is obtained by summing up the present values of all the cash flows.
Using the exact form of Interest Rate Parity, the expected future spot rate can be calculated as follows:
Expected Spot Rate = Spot Rate × (1 + Foreign Risk-Free Rate) / (1 + Domestic Risk-Free Rate)
In this case, the expected spot rate is €1.30 × (1 + 2.3%) / (1 + 1.5%) = €1.3165.
Converting the cash flows and terminal value to dollars:
Year 1: €1.5 million × €1.3165/$ = $1,974,750
Year 2: €1.9 million × €1.3165/$ = $2,500,035
Year 3: €3 million × €1.3165/$ = $3,949,500
Terminal Value: €8.5 million × €1.3165/$ = $11,183,025
Discounting the cash flows and terminal value using the appropriate discount rate:
Year 1 PV: $1,974,750 / (1 + 15%) = $1,716,521.74
Year 2 PV: $2,500,035 / (1 + 15%)^2 = $1,957,152.40
Year 3 PV: $3,949,500 / (1 + 15%)^3 = $2,388,034.44
Terminal Value PV: $11,183,025 / (1 + 15%)^3 = $5,759,271.22
Finally, calculating the NPV by summing up the present values:
NPV = $1,716,521.74 + $1,957,152.40 + $2,388,034.44 + $5,759,271.22 - $10,000,000 = $4,352,980.24.
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As part of your job as an economist at the Department of Work and Pension, you regularly advise ministers on various economic and social policies that the government plans to introduce. The government is considering a welfare policy to help people to get out of poverty while at the same time reducing the incidence of "out of work" in the population. The ministers are considering whether to (1) give people a cash grant or (2) an earned income tax credit, which pays those in work 30% of the hourly wage they receive from their employer. Discuss the merit of each policy and their implications for labour supply. Make use to illustrate your answer with the use of diagram(s) and to make reference the existing empirical evidence (i.e., from existing studies).
Cash grants provide direct income support, while earned income tax credits incentivize work, with empirical evidence needed to assess their effectiveness in reducing poverty and promoting labor market participation.
Policy 1: Cash Grant
Merit: Providing people with a cash grant can be an effective way to alleviate poverty by directly increasing individuals' income. It can provide immediate financial support to those in need, helping them meet their basic needs and potentially lifting them out of poverty. The cash grant does not depend on employment status, making it accessible to both employed and unemployed individuals.
Implications for Labour Supply: The potential implication of a cash grant on labor supply is the "income effect." As individuals receive a cash grant, their disposable income increases, which may reduce their motivation to participate in the labor market. Some individuals may choose to reduce their work hours or withdraw from the labor force altogether, leading to a decrease in labor supply. However, the empirical evidence on the labor supply effects of cash grants is mixed, with some studies suggesting minimal or negligible impacts on labor market outcomes.
Policy 2: Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
Merit: The earned income tax credit is designed to incentivize and reward work by providing a tax credit to those who are employed. It aims to supplement low wages and encourage individuals to remain in or enter the labor market. By linking the credit to the hourly wage, it ensures that those who work are rewarded with additional income, potentially reducing the incidence of "out of work" in the population.
Implications for Labour Supply: The earned income tax credit may have implications for labor supply through both the "income effect" and the "substitution effect." The income effect suggests that the additional income from the tax credit may decrease individuals' motivation to work, leading to a decrease in labor supply. However, the substitution effect implies that the tax credit makes work more financially attractive compared to not working, encouraging individuals to enter or remain in the labor market. Empirical evidence suggests that the EITC has generally had positive effects on employment rates and labor force participation, particularly for low-income individuals.
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For the next three questions, use the following information: Jen, the owner of the Zee Pizza, uses 60 pounds of pepperoni each day in preparing pizzas. Order costs for pepperoni are $15.00 per order, and carrying costs are 5 cents per pound per day. The lead time for each order is three days, and the pepperoni itself costs $3.00 per pound. If she were to order 330 pounds of pepperoni at a time, what is the approximate cycle inventory for Zee pizza?
The approximate cycle inventory for Zee Pizza is 180 pounds of pepperoni.
The cycle inventory represents the average amount of inventory held over a period of time, specifically during the lead time for placing a new order. To calculate the cycle inventory, we need to consider the demand, lead time, and order quantity.
Given that Zee Pizza uses 60 pounds of pepperoni each day and the lead time for each order is three days, we can calculate the total demand during the lead time. Multiplying the daily demand by the lead time gives us 60 pounds/day * 3 days = 180 pounds.
Since Jen orders 330 pounds of pepperoni at a time, this order quantity exceeds the demand during the lead time. Therefore, the cycle inventory is equal to the order quantity, which is 330 pounds in this case.
In summary, the approximate cycle inventory for Zee Pizza is 180 pounds of pepperoni. This means that on average, Zee Pizza will have 180 pounds of pepperoni in inventory during the three-day lead time between orders.
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2-)Think about a group in your work/study, whether your group
worked effectively? Write down a few reasons about what makes your
group an effective group or ineffective group.
Group work is an essential part of both academic and professional settings. Overall, effective groups have good communication skills, shared goals, and strong leadership, while ineffective groups often suffer from poor communication, a lack of shared vision, and ineffective leadership.
While some groups work effectively and accomplish their goals with ease, others may struggle to achieve their objectives. Let's take a look at some reasons why groups may be effective or ineffective. Reasons why groups may be effective: Good communication skills: Communication is a crucial factor for effective group work. Members of effective groups communicate frequently and openly, sharing ideas and opinions with one another. This ensures that everyone is on the same page and has a clear understanding of what needs to be accomplished. Shared goals: Effective groups have a shared vision and goals. All members of the group work towards achieving a common objective, and everyone is aware of their role in the group. This ensures that the group stays focused and moves forward towards achieving its goals. Leadership: Effective groups often have strong leaders who guide and motivate group members. The leader is responsible for ensuring that everyone is working together, addressing any issues that may arise, and ensuring that the group stays on track. A good leader will also ensure that everyone has a voice in the group decision-making process. Reasons why groups may be ineffective: Poor communication skills: If group members don't communicate well with one another, it can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and a lack of progress. This can cause the group to stall, which can be frustrating for everyone involved. Lack of shared goals: If group members don't have a shared vision or goals, it can be challenging to stay focused and motivated. This can result in a lack of progress, as everyone may be working towards different objectives. Ineffective leaders: If the leader of the group isn't effective, it can lead to confusion and a lack of direction. This can cause group members to become demotivated and disengaged.
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Julio is an internal auditor at a large grocery store chain in New York City. During his audit, he learns that a manager received commendation for not taken any vacation in his 20 years with the company. Later in the audit, Julio sees an employee using blank pieces of paper to make receipts for cash-paying customers. To clarify his observation, Julio asked the employee the following day. The employee responded that she heard her manager mentioning that the business was slow, so she wanted to help save money by using scrap paper. In addition, Julio sees the manager performing multiple roles, such as counting the cash in the register at the end of each shift, journalizes the sales, and making cash deposits at the bank. Which internal control principles have been violated? How can Julio fix them?
The internal control principles that have been violated in this scenario are segregation of duties and independent verification. By implementing these measures, the company can strengthen internal controls, reduce the risk of fraud or errors, and enhance accountability within the organization.
Segregation of duties ensures that no single individual has control over all aspects of a transaction or process. In this case, the manager is performing multiple roles, including counting cash, journalizing sales, and making cash deposits, which violates the principle of segregation of duties. Ideally, different individuals should handle these tasks to create a system of checks and balances.
Independent verification ensures that transactions and processes are reviewed and verified by someone other than the person responsible for their execution. In this case, the manager is not subjected to independent verification, as there is no oversight or review of their actions.
To address these control deficiencies, Julio can propose the following solutions:
Implement a segregation of duties by assigning different individuals to handle cash counting, sales journalizing, and cash deposits. This will ensure that no single person has control over all aspects of the cash handling process.
Introduce a system of independent verification, where a different employee reviews and verifies the manager's actions. For example, another employee can cross-check cash counts, review sales records, and reconcile cash deposits.
By implementing these measures, the company can strengthen internal controls, reduce the risk of fraud or errors, and enhance accountability within the organization.
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Which one is NOT a cause of the bullwhip effect? O a. Price fluctuations O b. Order batching O c. Rationing and shortage gaming O d. Trade credit
The cause of the bullwhip effect that is not included in the provided options is the Overstocking and understocking.
This is because overstocking and understocking are the result of the bullwhip effect, but not a cause of the bullwhip effect. The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon that occurs when the demand for a product or service fluctuates, causing a ripple effect up the supply chain. The bullwhip effect can be caused by several factors, including price fluctuations, order batching, rationing and shortage gaming, and trade credit. In this case, option D (Trade credit) is not a cause of the bullwhip effect. The bullwhip effect is a term used to describe the phenomenon of increased demand variability as information moves up the supply chain. It is a phenomenon that occurs when the demand for a product or service fluctuates, causing a ripple effect up the supply chain. This ripple effect is caused by a lack of communication and coordination between different parts of the supply chain. The bullwhip effect can cause several problems, including increased costs, inefficiencies, and shortages.
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True or false? Low saving impedes growth in capital, productivity, and living standards for a closed economy, but not for an open economy. You’d better explain your answer by graph. (Hint: Consider elasticity of demand/supply in loanable fund market.)
False. Low saving can impede growth in capital, productivity, and living standards for both closed and open economies.
In both closed and open economies, saving plays a crucial role in financing investment, which leads to the accumulation of capital, increased productivity, and improved living standards over time. When savings are low, there is less capital available for investment, resulting in limited resources for businesses to expand their operations, invest in new technologies, and enhance productivity.
To explain this concept graphically, we can consider the loanable funds market, which represents the interaction between the demand for and supply of loanable funds (savings) in an economy.
In a closed economy, the loanable funds market is depicted by the equilibrium between the demand for investment and the supply of savings. The demand for investment represents the willingness of firms to borrow funds for productive purposes, while the supply of savings represents the amount of funds households are willing to save and lend. If saving is low, the supply of loanable funds decreases, leading to a higher interest rate (due to increased competition for limited funds) and a lower quantity of funds available for investment. This results in a reduction in capital accumulation, lower productivity growth, and ultimately lower living standards.
In an open economy, the situation is similar. However, the presence of international capital flows can mitigate the negative effects of low domestic saving. In an open economy, capital can be sourced from foreign investors through capital inflows. This increases the supply of loanable funds, lowers the interest rate, and provides additional financing for investment. As a result, an open economy may experience some alleviation of the negative consequences of low domestic saving compared to a closed economy. However, it is important to note that low saving still limits the amount of domestic capital available for investment, and reliance on foreign capital has its own limitations and risks.
In conclusion, low saving can impede growth in capital, productivity, and living standards for both closed and open economies. While an open economy may have access to additional sources of capital through international borrowing, it does not eliminate the importance of domestic saving in supporting investment and long-term economic growth.
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The following thoughts were presented by authors in your texts. 1. The Era of Mass Marketing led to product commoditization 2. Segmentation, a predominant part of marketing planning led to a downgrade of individual consumer preferences, because distinguishing individual customers was far too difficult 3. Branding and advertising emerged to offset this perception of product commoditization. 4. Product quality is no longer a source of competitive advantage for many, and Brand loyalty founded on a product quality differential is a relative achievement and may diminish over time 5. Today, shift is taking place from Mass to Micro level. Write an article explaining the aforementioned thoughts, start from how the conventional marketing philosophies led CRM to be more imperative for the organizations. Divide and construct your arguments on five levels presenting these five thoughts.
In the past, there was a period of time known as the era of mass marketing, which led to the commoditization of products.
In other words, consumers were presented with the same products that were produced in large quantities, and this made it difficult for individual consumers to be distinguished from one another.
This led to the downgrading of individual consumer preferences as it was deemed to be too difficult to differentiate between them, which meant that businesses could not address specific consumer needs.
However, branding and advertising emerged to offset this perception of product commoditization. They provided a means of distinguishing between the different products, creating brand images, and targeting specific consumer groups. This shift helped to create a greater sense of individuality and preference in the market. Despite this, product quality is no longer a source of competitive advantage for many businesses. Brand loyalty, which was founded on a product quality differential, is a relative achievement and may diminish over time.The conventional marketing philosophies led to the evolution of CRM (Customer Relationship Management), making it more imperative for organizations to understand their customers' needs. This is because the shift is taking place from the mass level to the micro-level. The following five arguments can be constructed based on these thoughts:Argument 1: The Era of Mass Marketing led to product commoditizationArgument 2: Segmentation, a predominant part of marketing planning led to a downgrade of individual consumer preferences, because distinguishing individual customers was far too difficultArgument 3: Branding and advertising emerged to offset this perception of product commoditization.Argument 4: Product quality is no longer a source of competitive advantage for many, and Brand loyalty founded on a product quality differential is a relative achievement and may diminish over time.Argument 5: Today, shift is taking place from Mass to Micro level.
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Business Performance Management (BPM) is part of Business
Intelligence (BI)
Select one: True False
True. Business Performance Management (BPM) is indeed a part of Business Intelligence (BI).
Business Intelligence refers to the use of technology, tools, and processes to gather, analyze, and present data and information for business decision-making. It involves various activities such as data integration, data warehousing, data mining, and reporting.
Within the broader scope of Business Intelligence, Business Performance Management focuses specifically on monitoring and managing the performance of an organization to achieve its strategic goals and objectives. BPM involves setting performance targets, measuring actual performance against those targets, analyzing variances, and taking corrective actions to improve performance.
BPM uses key performance indicators (KPIs) and performance metrics to assess and track the performance of various business processes and functions. It provides insights into areas that require improvement, identifies opportunities for optimization, and enables effective performance measurement and management.
Therefore, Business Performance Management is a component of Business Intelligence, as it contributes to the overall goal of using data and analytics to enhance business performance.
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What would be the break even point for Sunland Co.?
What would the level of sales be if Carla Vista Co. wants make
$500,000 before taxes in operating income?
Answer in $ for both.
Thanks in advance :)
The break-even point for Sunland Co. would be the level of sales at which its operating income is zero. Both the break-even point and the sales level for Carla Vista Co. will be provided in dollar amounts.
To calculate the break-even point for Sunland Co., we need to determine the level of sales at which the company's operating income is zero. The break-even point occurs when total revenue equals total expenses. At this point, there is no profit or loss. The break-even point can be calculated by dividing the fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio. The contribution margin ratio is the difference between the selling price per unit and the variable cost per unit divided by the selling price per unit. The resulting ratio represents the portion of each dollar of sales that contributes to covering fixed costs.
To calculate the sales level for Carla Vista Co. to achieve $500,000 before taxes in operating income, we need to consider the company's fixed costs, variable costs, and desired operating income. By adding the fixed costs to the desired operating income and dividing the sum by the contribution margin ratio, we can determine the necessary sales level to achieve the desired operating income.
Both the break-even point for Sunland Co. and the sales level for Carla Vista Co. will be provided in dollar amounts.
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In a study by Bingley, Lundborg, Lyk-Jensen (2020), mandatory military training was found to have a negative average effect on earnings to as much as $23,000 decline on lifetime earnings, wherein those with higher opportunity costs or those with best labor prospects suffer the most. What can you say about the planned revival of the mandatory military service among all Filipinos 18 years and above? How could this possibly affect human capital and productivity on the per capita and aggregate level? How could this affect you personally?
The planned revival of mandatory military service among all Filipinos aged 18 years and above can have several implications for human capital, productivity, and individual experiences.
Based on the findings of the study by Bingley, Lundborg, and Lyk-Jensen, it suggests that such mandatory military training could potentially have a negative impact on lifetime earnings. This negative effect may be more pronounced for individuals with higher opportunity costs or better labor prospects.
On a per capita and aggregate level, the revival of mandatory military service may lead to a temporary reduction in human capital and productivity. This is because individuals who are required to undergo military training would be temporarily diverted from other productive activities such as education or work. However, it is important to note that the long-term effects on human capital and productivity would depend on the quality and duration of the military training program, as well as the subsequent opportunities available to individuals after their service.
However, it is worth considering the potential impact on individuals who may have to delay or interrupt their education or career plans due to mandatory military service. This may require individuals to adapt their timelines and goals accordingly.
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Forms of acceptance in contract law may be _____.
Group of answer choices
Through expressed words or specified mode of communication.
Through silence
Initiated by a person of any age
By making a counter offer
The correct answer is: Through expressed words or specified mode of communication.
Acceptance in contract law is the unequivocal agreement to the terms of an offer, leading to the establishment of a contract.
Additionally, acceptance can also be implied through silence, where the absence of objection or response is considered acceptance.
However, it is important to note that silence as acceptance is not universally recognized in contract law and its validity depends on the circumstances.
Silence may indicate acceptance when the offer is to maintain an existing position or status quo.
It is crucial for parties involved in a contract to clearly communicate their intentions and understand the specific requirements for acceptance to ensure a legally binding agreement.
It can be expressed through various means such as specific communication modes or spoken words.
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Problem: Considering the following final simplex tableau for a product- mix maximizing problem 3 C Pmix Quan X1 X2 $1 $2 X1 3/2 0 -1/4 3/4 X2 1/2 -1/2 2 0.5 1.5 C-Z -0.5 1.5 Required: 1) Find the integer programming solution to this problem by conducting Gromory cutting plane Method (70 points) 2) Explain briefly each coefficient computed in part 1. (15 points) 3) Why should such concept be used? Explain briefly. (15 points)
Solution:First, identify the solution to the LPP by using the simplex method, then find out which constraints are being violated.The first step is to compute the Zj and Cj - Zj for the initial solution X1 = 0 and X2 = 0. The objective function is Z = -0.5 X1 + 1.5 X2, subject to the constraints, where, 1) 1X1 + 2X2 ≤ 6, 2) 3X1 - X2 ≤ 3 and X1, X2 ≥ 0.
For the first iteration, Cj = [(-0.5)(0)] + [1.5(0)] = 0, so the variable X1 enters in the solution and the ratio of constants (6/1) and (3/3) is determined. For the second iteration, the values of Zj and Cj - Zj are calculated as shown below: For iteration 2, Since all variables are non-negative, X2 should exit from the solution since the minimum ratio is from constraint 2. The variable X2 should be replaced by a new variable with a positive coefficient, such as s1, so the constraint becomes 1X1 + 2s1 = 6.
Therefore, s1 = (6 - 1X1)/2. The updated simplex tableau is shown below: The following simplex tableau shows that all variables are non-negative, indicating that the optimal solution has been reached. X1 has the optimal solution of 4 and X2 has the optimal solution of 1.
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Under the indirect method, advertising expense incurred but unpaid will not affect the statement of cash flows. (True/False)
The primary purpose of a statement of cash flows is to determine the amount that cash changed during the period. (True/False)
False. Under the indirect method, advertising expense incurred but unpaid does affect the statement of cash flows.
It is included in the adjustment for changes in operating liabilities, specifically as an increase in accounts payable.
True. The primary purpose of a statement of cash flows is to determine the amount by which cash changed during the period. It provides information on the cash inflows and outflows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities, allowing users to assess the company's ability to generate cash and its cash management.
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Which of the following is not an implication of hardwired heuristics?
A. Getting people to make positive behavioral changes is about putting them in situations where heuristics kick in and lead them to the desired outcome.
B. Getting people to make better decisions is simply a matter of providing more information and more options.
C. People who know and understand the hardwired tendencies of others can take advantage of situations.
D. Even when confronted with irrefutable information that a behavior is detrimental, people still may not change what they're doing.
The answer is B. Getting people to make better decisions is simply a matter of providing more information and more options is not an implication of hardwired heuristics.
Hardwired heuristics are cognitive shortcuts that people use to make decisions quickly and efficiently. They are often unconscious and can lead to biases and errors in judgment. The implications of hardwired heuristics include:
A. Getting people to make positive behavioral changes is about putting them in situations where heuristics kick in and lead them to the desired outcome: This implies that people can be nudged towards making better decisions by aligning their behavior with their natural tendencies.
B. Getting people to make better decisions is simply a matter of providing more information and more options: This statement is incorrect as more information and more options can overwhelm a person's decision-making process and lead to analysis paralysis.
C. People who know and understand the hardwired tendencies of others can take advantage of situations: This implies that understanding people's cognitive shortcuts can help in designing effective communication, marketing, and policy interventions.
D. Even when confronted with irrefutable information that a behavior is detrimental, people still may not change what they're doing: This implies that people's behaviors are not solely based on rational decision-making and can be influenced by factors beyond their control.
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Question 1 (10 points) 1. Create one well-stated customer related goal that would be relevant for Chatters Hair Salon. (doublecheck: Is it SMART?) 2. You are an advisor to the manager responsible for meeting this goal and they need a recommendation on how to keep track of the progress toward the goal. Provide advice that is relevant to this goal and this company.
1. The goal is relevant for the salon and is SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound).
SMART evaluation:
Specific: The goal specifies increasing customer satisfaction through improving the overall salon experience, focusing on the customer's perception and satisfaction.
Measurable: Customer satisfaction can be measured through surveys, feedback forms, ratings, and reviews, allowing the salon to track improvements.
Achievable: Improving the salon experience is achievable by implementing customer-centric strategies, training staff, enhancing facilities, and optimizing service processes.
Relevant: Customer satisfaction is a key factor in the success of any service-oriented business, making it highly relevant to Chatters Hair Salon.
Time-bound: The goal does not specify a specific time frame, so it would be beneficial to set a deadline or target, such as increasing customer satisfaction by a certain percentage within six months or a year.
2. Recommendation: Implement customer feedback collection, monitor KPIs, provide staff training, and initiate improvement initiatives to track progress toward the goal.
Regularly collect customer feedback: Use customer surveys, feedback forms, and online reviews to gather insights into customer satisfaction levels and identify areas for improvement.
Monitor and analyze feedback: Assign a staff member or team responsible for collecting, analyzing, and reporting customer feedback to identify trends, common issues, and areas of excellence.
Set key performance indicators (KPIs): Establish measurable KPIs related to customer satisfaction, such as customer ratings, repeat business percentage, or positive online reviews, and track these metrics regularly.
Conduct regular staff training: Provide ongoing training sessions for salon employees to enhance their skills, knowledge, and customer service abilities.
Implement improvement initiatives: Based on customer feedback and analysis, develop action plans to address any identified areas for improvement and track the progress of these initiatives over time.
By following these recommendations, Chatters Hair Salon can effectively track progress toward their customer satisfaction goal and make data-driven decisions to continually enhance the salon experience for their customers.
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Variability is the root cause of a growing queue of people or inventory in a supply (or capacity) constrained process because capacity is close to 100%. True False
It is true that the variability refers to the fluctuations or changes in demand or supply that can impact the efficiency of a process.
When capacity is already close to 100%, any variability can cause a backlog of work or inventory buildup. For example, in a restaurant with limited seating, if there is a sudden rush of customers during peak hours, the variability in demand can lead to a queue of people waiting to be seated. Similarly, in a manufacturing process with limited machinery, if there is a sudden surge in orders, the variability in supply can lead to a buildup of inventory waiting to be processed. Therefore, it is important for businesses to identify and manage variability to prevent the accumulation of backlog and ensure efficient operations.
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The major planning agency in the Soviet Union was a) Sovnarkhoz System b) Polit Buro c) Gosbank d) Gosplan e) the Central Committe
Option d) Gosplan. The major planning agency in the Soviet Union was the Gosplan, which was responsible for formulating and implementing the country's economic plans.
Gosplan was a major planning agency in the Soviet Union. It was responsible for creating and implementing the country's economic plans. It was established in 1921 and was dissolved in 1991 after the Soviet Union collapsed. Gosplan was tasked with developing long-term economic plans and setting targets for production and development. The agency also supervised the allocation of resources and made decisions about investment priorities.
Gosplan had a broad scope of responsibilities, including agriculture, industry, transport, foreign trade, and labor. The agency operated under the direct control of the Communist Party and was accountable to the Council of Ministers. The agency was headed by a chairman who was appointed by the government. The chairperson was responsible for managing the agency's operations and ensuring that the economic plans were executed properly.
Gosplan's planning process was centralized and top-down. It relied on directives from the government and the Communist Party to determine the country's economic priorities. The agency's decisions were often based on incomplete or inaccurate information, which led to inefficiencies in the economy. Despite its shortcomings, Gosplan played a significant role in shaping the Soviet Union's economic development.
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The Gantt chart is a tool that provides a visual (graphic) representation of O the organization of a company O what occurs over the course of a project O the most efficient motions required for a task The tnancial crisis of 2008 revealed a huge failure with major banks in the United States. The banks did not know their risk positions in credit-default derivatives, it isok months to process contracts and reconcile with counter-parties. This type of activity falls under which type of management? Ooperations O contingency O systems approach Mary Parker Follett's approach to conflict resolution built upon her Quaker background and training. She believed in constructive conflict, which would show whose ideas were better a hierarchy of command that would quickly settle conflicts constructive consultation of equals rather than compromise, submission, or struggle Max Weber believed in well-defined organizations which he called the Hierarchical Management Structure. The Humanistic management theory is similar but it recognizes the power of O the formal structure the informal structure the unions
The financial crisis of 2008 highlighted a major failure in risk management within major banks in the United States. This type of activity falls under the systems approach to management, which emphasizes the importance of efficient processes and organization in achieving goals.
Mary Parker Follett's approach to conflict resolution was based on her Quaker background and focused on constructive conflict resolution through consultation of equals, rather than hierarchical command or struggle. Max Weber believed in a well-defined hierarchical management structure, while the humanistic management theory recognizes the importance of both formal and informal structures, as well as the power of unions in promoting the well-being of employees. The Gantt chart is a tool that can aid in project management by providing a visual representation of tasks and timelines.
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Required How many shares were outstanding on each of the cash dividend dates? 2. How much profit did the company earn during 2021? ALTERNATE PROBLEMS Problem 13-18 Earnings per share calculations and presentation LO1, 3, 4 CHECK FIGURES: Weighted average outstanding shares: 2. e. 27,300, b. 40.800; c 92.000 The original income statements for ZoomMed Inc. presented the following information when they were first in 2019, 2020, and 2021: published Sales 2021 2020 2019 Expenses $400,000 $300,000 Profit from continuing operations. $250,000 215.000 Gain (oss) on discontinued segment. 90,000 Profit (37,125) 14,100 (26.145) $ 97,875 The company also experienced some changes in the number of outstanding common shares over the three years through the following activities": Outstanding shares on December 31, 2018 2019 20,000 Issued shares on July 1 Issued shares on September 30. 2,000 20% share dividend on December 1 7,000 Outstanding shares on December 31, 2019. 2020 Issued shares on March 31. Outstanding shares on December 31, 2020. 8.000 2021 Issued shares on July 1. 6,400 2:1 split on November 1. Outstanding shares on December 31, 2021. "No preferred shares have been issued. Required 1. Calculate the 11 missing amounts. 2. Calculate the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during: a. 2019 b. 2020 c. 2021 3. Rounding calculations to two decimal places, prepare the earnings per share income statement presenta- tions for: a. 2019 b. 2020 c. 2021 907
The calculation of the earnings per share (EPS) is given below: a. 2019: Profit from continuing operations = $250,000 Weighted average outstanding shares = 20,466EPS = $250,000/20,466 = $12.21
1. The missing amounts are as follows: 2. a. The company earned a profit of $97,875 during 2021. 2. b. The calculation of the outstanding shares on each of the cash dividend dates is given below: a. Cash dividend date: December 1, 2019 Outstanding shares on December 1, 2019 = 20,000 + (20,000 × 20%) = 24,000b. Cash dividend date: December 1, 2020Outstanding shares on December 1, 2020 = 40,800 + (40,800 × 20%) = 48,960Therefore, the number of outstanding shares on each of the cash dividend dates is as follows: a. Cash dividend date: December 1, 2019 = 24,000b. Cash dividend date: December 1, 2020 = 48,960c. There were no cash dividends in 2021. The calculation of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is given below: a. 2019: Outstanding shares on December 31, 2018 = 20,000Outstanding shares after share dividend on December 1, 2019 = 24,000 Weighted average outstanding shares = (20,000 × 365) + (24,000 × 31)/396,500 = 20,465.91 ≈ 20,466 b. 2020:Outstanding shares on December 31, 2019 = 27,300Outstanding shares issued on March 31, 2020 = 8,000Weighted average outstanding shares = (27,300 × 92) + (8,000 × 274)/34,448,000 = 28,376.54 ≈ 28,377c. 2021:Outstanding shares on December 31, 2020 = 40,800Outstanding shares issued on July 1, 2021 = 6,400Outstanding shares after 2:1 stock split on November 1, 2021 = 80,400Weighted average outstanding shares = (40,800 × 304) + (6,400 × 92) + (80,400 × 60)/51,554,400 = 67,500.44 ≈ 67,50. The calculation of the earnings per share (EPS) is given below: a. 2019:Profit from continuing operations = $250,000. Weighted average outstanding shares = 20,466EPS = $250,000/20,466 = $12.21. b. 2020:Profit from continuing operations = $215,000Gain (loss) on discontinued segment = $90,000Total profit = $305,000Weighted average outstanding shares = 28,377EPS = $305,000/28,377 = $10.76c. 2021:Profit from continuing operations = $97,875. Weighted average outstanding shares = 67,500EPS = $97,875/67,500 = $1.45Therefore, the answers to the given questions are as follows: 1. The missing amounts are given below: 2. a. The company earned a profit of $97,875 during 2021.2. b. The number of outstanding shares on each of the cash dividend dates is as follows: a. Cash dividend date: December 1, 2019 = 24,000b. Cash dividend date: December 1, 2020 = 48,960c.
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Appendix A, the appropriate calculations on the Garman/Forque companion website, or a financial calculator, calculate the ing: a. The amount a person would need to deposit today to be able to withdraw $6,000 each year for ten years from an account eaming 5 percent. Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar. Round Present Value of Series of Equal Amounts in intermediate calculations to four decimal places. b. A person is offered a gift of $4,700 now or $8,000 five years from now. If such funds could be expected to earn 6 percent over the next five years, which is the better choice? Round Future Value of a Single Amount in Intermediate calculations to four decimal places. -Select- c. A person wants to have $1,000 available to spend on an overseas trip four years from now. If such funds could be expected to earn 6 percent, how much should be invested in a lump sum to realize the $1,000 when needed? Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar. Round Present Value of a Single Amount in intermediate calculations to four decimal places. $ d. A person invests $50,000 in an investment that earns 6 percent. If $5,964 is withdrawn each year, how many years will it take for the fund to run out? Round to the nearest whole year. Round Present Value of Series of Equal Amounts in intermediate calculations to four decimal places. years
To calculate the amount needed to deposit today to be able to withdraw $6,000 each year for ten years from an account earning 5 percent, we can use the Present Value of Series of Equal Amounts formula.
PV = PMT × [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r] Plugging in the values into the formula: PV = $6,000 × [(1 - (1 + 0.05)^(-10)) / 0.05] Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, the rounded answer to the nearest whole dollar is: PV = $47,186 Therefore, a person would need to deposit approximately $47,186 today to be able to withdraw $6,000 each year for ten years from an account earning 5 percent. Therefore, approximately $792 should be invested as a lump sum to realize $1,000 in four years, assuming an interest rate of 6 percent.
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How much annual incomes is necesary to recover the investment (CR=?) at the MARR of 10% per year?
The annual income required can be calculated using the formula: CR = CI ˣ [r / (1 - (1 + r)^(-n))], where CR represents the annual income, CI is the cost of the investment, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
How can the annual income necessary to recover the investment at a MARR of 10% per year be calculated?To calculate the annual income necessary to recover the investment at the Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) of 10% per year, we need additional information.
The term "CR" is not specified in the question, so it is unclear what it represents in this context. However, assuming that "CR" refers to the Cost of the Investment (CI), we can proceed with the explanation.
The annual income required to recover the investment can be calculated using the formula for the Present Value (PV) of an Annuity. The formula is:
PV = CR ˣ [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
Where:
PV represents the present value of the investment (equal to the cost of the investment, CI)- CR is the annual incomer is the interest rate (MARR)n is the number of yearsBy rearranging the formula, we can solve for CR:
CR = PV ˣ [r / (1 - (1 + r)^(-n))]
Using the given MARR of 10% per year, you can substitute the cost of the investment (CI) and the desired number of years (n) into the formula to calculate the annual income (CR) needed to recover the investment.
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TRUE OR FALSE & explain please
Question 5: True or False? Explain your answer: Imagine a world with only two inputs, labor and capital: If labor gets 10% more productive but its price rises by 15%, we would expect producers to star
False. If labor becomes more productive but its price rises, we would not necessarily expect producers to starve.
The statement is false. If labor becomes 10% more productive but its price rises by 15%, it does not automatically imply that producers would starve. The relationship between productivity and prices is more complex and depends on various factors.
When labor becomes more productive, it means that workers can produce more output per unit of time or effort. This increased productivity can lead to cost savings for producers. However, if the price of labor rises by 15%, it means that the cost of employing labor has also increased. They could potentially pass on some of the increased costs to consumers through higher prices or find other ways to optimize their operations.
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WHAT IS HAVING BEHAVIOURALLLY THAT IS CAUSING ISSUES AT COLLINS
COLLEGE?
BE SPECFIC FROM CHAPTERS 1 THRU 5.
Lack of Attendance: Students consistently missing classes or being frequently late can cause issues at Collins College.
Regular attendance is crucial for academic success and active participation in class discussions and activities.
Disruptive Behavior: Students engaging in disruptive behavior, such as talking loudly, using electronic devices inappropriately, or engaging in side conversations, can create a distracting learning environment for both the instructor and other students.
Poor Time Management: Students struggling with time management may submit assignments late, procrastinate on studying, or fail to prioritize their academic responsibilities. This behavior can lead to poor academic performance and added stress.
Inadequate Preparation: Students not completing required readings, assignments, or failing to come prepared for class discussions can hinder their own learning and hinder productive class interactions.
Lack of Engagement: Students who consistently show disinterest or disengagement in class discussions, activities, or coursework may miss out on valuable learning opportunities and also affect the overall classroom dynamic.
Violation of Academic Integrity: Instances of cheating, plagiarism, or other forms of academic dishonesty can undermine the integrity of the educational institution and compromise the learning environment for all students.
It's important to note that specific behavioral issues at Collins College may vary, and it would be best to consult the college's policies, guidelines, or specific reports to understand the precise behavioral issues occurring at the institution.
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Asset Retirement Obligation Successful Mining Company (SMC) specializes in extracting ore. It prides itself for following high environmental standards in the extraction process. On January 1, 2022, SMC purchased the rights to use a parcel of land from the province of New Brunswick. The rights cost $16,000,000 and allowed the company to extract ore for five years, i.e., until Dec 31, 2026. SMC expects to extract the ore evenly over the contract period. At the end of the contract, SMC is obligated to clean up and restore the land. SMC estimates this will cost $2,100,000. SMC uses a discounted cash flow method to calculate the fair value of this obligation and believes that 6% is the appropriate discount rate. SMC uses straight-line depreciation method. SMC uses the calendar year as its fiscal year and follows IFRS. As a helpful suggestion, students may want to draw a timeline of events before solving the questions given below. Instructions (Round all values to the nearest dollar.) a. Prepare the journal entries to be recorded on January 1, 2022. (4 marks) b. Prepare the journal entries to be recorded on December 31, 2022. Show the amounts and accounts to be reported on the classified statement of financial position at December 31, 2022. (4 marks) c. Prepare the journal entries to be recorded on December 31, 2026. Show the amounts and accounts reported on the classified statement of financial position at December 31, 2026. (4 marks) d. After 2026, SMC was supposed to clean up and restore the land. Even though the company spent a considerable amount of money on restoration, it was sued by the province of New Brunswick for not following the contract's requirements. On February 3, 2027, judgment was rendered against SMC for $2,500,000. The company claims that because the language in the contract was misleading regarding the restoration costs, it plans to appeal the judgment and expects the ruling to be reduced to anywhere between $500,000 and $1,500,000, with $1,000,000 being the probable amount. SMC has not yet released its 2026 financial statements. Discuss how SMC should report this matter on its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2026. (3 marks)
False. While performance is a common way to discharge a contract, it is not the only way. Contracts can also be discharged through other means such as agreement, frustration, breach, or operation of law.
Contracts are legally binding agreements between two or more parties that outline the rights and obligations of each party. The most common way to discharge a contract is indeed through performance, which occurs when both parties fulfill their contractual obligations as agreed upon. In this case, each party has met their responsibilities, and the contract is considered discharged.
However, there are other circumstances that can lead to the discharge of a contract. For instance, an agreement between the parties can result in the termination of the contract. This may happen when both parties mutually agree to end the contractual relationship, often through a formal agreement or a contract amendment.
Frustration is another way to discharge a contract. This occurs when unforeseen events or circumstances arise, making it impossible or radically different to fulfill the contract's purpose. In such cases, the contract may be discharged, relieving the parties from their obligations.
Breach of contract by one party can also lead to its discharge. If one party fails to fulfill their obligations without a valid reason, it constitutes a breach of contract. The non-breaching party may choose to terminate the contract and seek remedies for the damages caused by the breach.
Lastly, contracts can be discharged by operation of law. This includes instances where a contract becomes illegal due to changes in legislation or if one of the parties becomes bankrupt or dies, rendering performance impossible.
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