On a tour of African countries, Mark contracts a bad case of traveler's diarrhea. Because he can't eat very much, his body starts to use energy sources other than carbohydrates. This would result in all of the following, except:_________

a. increased levels of urea in the blood
b. ketosis and a decreased blood pH
c. increased gluconeogenesis in the liver
d. lipid metabolism
e. glycogensis

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

e. glycogensis

Explanation:

Since in the question it is mentioned that Mark had a bad case with diarrhea due to which he is not able to eat much and his body also starts consuming energy sources by not considering the carbohydrates

This would result in rise level of urea, ketosis and decline in blood, gluconeogenesis in the liver is also increased, and there is a lipid metabolism

but there is the absence of glycogenesis

hence, the e option is correct


Related Questions

POTATO PLANT GERMINATION AIM and PROCEDURE and CONCLUSION

Answers

Answer:

In summary, seed germination is the process of a fertilized plant ovary, or seed, developing into a mature plant. Seed germination starts with imbibition, when the seed takes in water from the soil. This triggers root growth to allow the seed to get more water.

Which sentence relies on the connotation of the boldfaced word to convey
meaning?

A. Though it was hot outside, the air-conditioning made the room
cold.

B. When I told Dad that I had lost his keys, he went totally bananas.

C. Mom asked me to pick up some peaches from the market.

D. Kris pulled up the anchor, and we set sail for the enchanted island,​

Answers

Answer:

B. When I told Dad that I had lost his keys, he went totally bananas.

Explanation:

The expression "he totally went bananas" needs to be bolded to convey meaning.

Hope it helps.

Genetic variation occurs through genetic recombination. 2 different methods of genetic recombination are illustrated. In the first method, Upper A Upper A, aa, Upper B Upper B, b b form Upper A Upper A, Upper B Upper B, a a, and b b. These then go on to form Upper A Upper B, Upper A Upper B, a b, a b. In the second method, Upper A Upper A, a a, Upper B Upper B, b b form Upper A Upper A, Upper B Upper B, a a, and b b. These then go to form Upper A b, Upper A b, a Upper B, a Upper B. Which method of genetic recombination is illustrated in the diagram? independent assortment fertilization crossing over sexual reproduction

Answers

Answer:

independent assortment

Explanation:

:)

The diagram shows the genetic recombination, in which each allele is segregated independently to the daughter cells. It is known as independent assortment.

The illustration can be explained as:

Genetic recombination occurs due to crossing over, independent assortment, and sexual reproduction. In the image, A-a and B-b are the alleles for different traits present in chromosomes.

Independent assortment was demonstrated by Mendel, in his pea plant experiment. It states that variant genes are independently separate from each other during the development of gametes.

In the image, an independent assortment takes place. Each parent transmits the genotypic and phenotypic traits independently, thus, the offspring will be genetically variant.

Thus, the image shows independent assortment. The correct answer is Option A.

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You may see a lot of brain imaging studies in the news or on the Internet. Thinking back to the research methods discussed in Chapter One (Learning Objectives 1.6 through 1.11), what kinds of questions should you ask about these studies before accepting the findings as valid?

Answers

Answer:

Before accepting brain imaging studies, the inquiries that I would pose before believing these discoveries to be legitimate are:  

Did the investigation show up in a peer-reviewed journal?  

peer-reviewed implies presenting the exploration papers to different specialists for an alternate and free audit before accepting it. It is perhaps the most ideal way of finding out the reality of the study and how right the outcomes are. It is in every case great to go for the subsequent feeling.  

How large was the sample?  

Clearly more the members in an examination, progressively substantial are its outcomes. This is to learn that there were a serious measure of individuals whose brain were examined.  

Did the scientists control for key contrasts?  

Assorted variety or sex parity ought to be there while contemplating the examples. One shows signs of improvement result when the investigation of populace is as homogenous as conceivable in light of the fact that it permits the specialists to reduce or diminish the quantity of contrasts that may influence the examination or result.

When the body is exposed to dangerously low temperatures, shivering and surface capillary vasoconstriction occur. This is an example of ____.

Answers

Answer:

negative feedback

Explanation:

When the temperature of the body falls below the normal level, the shivering and surface capillary vasoconstriction that occurs is an example of a negative feedback mechanism of maintaining homeostasis.

The negative feedback mechanism act to counter the process that causes the deviation away from the normal body temperature, the set point. The sensor/receptor which is the skin, in this case, sends information to the control center (part of the brain), the control switch then activates the process of vasoconstriction and muscle shivering to raise the body temperature in case of abnormally low temperature or vasoconstriction and heavy breathing in case of abnormally high temperature.

The entire process is an example of negative feedback in homeostasis.

The model above is an example of negative feedback.

Negative feedback is a loop that feeds back to the input of the system's output, thereby reversing the change in such output.

The negative feedback allows creating an equilibrium (homeostasis) in the system.

This type of loop mechanism (negative feedback) is very common in nature.

In conclusion, the model above is an example of negative feedback.

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Draw a flow chart of the steps that would be employed by a neutrophil to eliminate a bacterial cell. Assume that no antibodies are present that recognize the bacteria as foreign.

Answers

Answer:

The neutrophil is the first line of defense, it is called as PMN OR POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHIL, this cell is said to be the first line of defense for the first to reach the area of ​​infection or in the area of ​​trauma, this upon reaching that area (where it is attracted by defense chemomodulators) it recognizes the bacteria or the foreign body as an antigen, since these do not present the cellular histocompatibility complex of our organism, by recognizing it as an antigen, this cell can detect that it is not something typical of our body but something new that was inoculated, is how this phagocyte to the bacteria and induces its own programmed cell death.

In an injury or infection, the purulent collection is not only debris and pathogenic microorganisms, but they are dead cell bodies of PMNs that induce their own cell death with the battery inside to be able to inhibit its advance in our body, when this phenomenon passes the PMN it is called a peach.

Explanation:

In the event that no antibodies are present, it would not change much if it is the first time that the bacteria enters our body since the formation of antibodies by the lymphocyte cell line occurs as the last stage of immunity (neutrophils appear first, then the antigen presenting cells and finally the lymphocyte lineage in charge of making immunological memory with antibodies).

The PMN are guided more than anything by the humoral factor of the immune response, but the proinflammatory factor like cytokines or leukins, but not by the antibodies, that is why he wrote this process of bacterial assimilation in the response.

Plant growth is discovered by the color of light

Answers

Answer:

no

it wasn't like that buddy

Answer:

Yes, different kinds of light help different kinds of plants grow.

Explanation:

For example, Blue light helps veggies to grow. Hope this helped you in some way!

Which is a natural factor that causes long-term climate change?

Earth’s position
pollen grains
fossils
ice cores

Answers

Answer:

the is Earth's position

Answer:

A. Earths positions

Explanation:

ummmmmmm it is

What do you think the algae offer that the fungi can’t do

Answers

Answer:

algae are autotrophic

Explanation:

the cell wall is made up of cellulose

Growing a nursery of crop seedlings then transplanting them at the appropriate time is a facet of which agricultural technique? paddy

Answers

Answer:

rice cultivation.

Explanation:

There are two methods of sowing a crop in the field i. e. sowing of seed and transplanting. Seeds sowing in the field is used for almost all the crops except rice in which transplantation is done. In transplanting method, plants are grown inside a nursery and when the plant reaches to a certain height, it is transported to the field. This method is done in the cultivation of paddy rice because water is present at a certain height in the field and rice is the only crop in which roots respire in water.

Compared to stars viewed with the unaided eye, stars viewed with telescope appear

Answers

Answer:

Stars viewed with a telescope appear a lot closer than viewed with an unaided eye. That is because telescopes are basically magnifying glasses for you to scout the night sky and see distant things with better clarity.

Explanation:

What are two types of weak bonds

Answers

Answer:

Hydrogen and van der waal

One might suggest that transposons are more likely to insert in noncoding regions of the genome because they are

Answers

Answer:

they are evolutionary neutral

Explanation:

Transposons are genetic mobile elements that move into the genome by means of cut-paste and copy-paste mechanisms. In consequence, transposons are known to produce mutations in the inserted genomic sequences.

Non-coding DNA regions have been generally assumed to be evolutionary neutral, it means that they might resist genetic polymorphisms (such as, for example, those caused by the insertion of transposon elements) and don't have direct effects on the phenotype of the organism. However, it is important to note that recent evidence supports the idea that noncoding sequences play important regulatory roles, thereby mutations in these genomic regions may have a deleterious effect on the organism.

How is a society likely to address the problem of overuse of wildlife
resources?
A. By developing irrigation techniques that conserve water
B. By cutting down forests to produce more pastureland
C. By creating laws or traditions that regulate hunting and fishing
D. By switching from coal-burning power plants to solar energy
production

Answers

Answer:

C. By creating laws or traditions that regulate hunting and fishing

Explanation:

Wildlife resources refer to wild animals (terrestrial, aquatic etc) in their natural habitat. Wildlife is an integral part of our society, however, they are being overexploited by human activities.

According to the options in the question, one way to address the problem of over use of wildlife resources is by creating laws or traditions that regulate hunting and fishing. Laws that compel hunting and fishing, which are the means humans over use wildlife, will help bring the rate at which these resources are used.

For example, creating a law that prohibits hunting in certain areas will help preserve wildlife in that area because it is a punishable offence by the law to hunt. Hence, wildlife resources will be preserved.

Answer:

. By creating laws or traditions that regulate hunting and fishing

Explanation:

A higher population density, faster transmission rate, and ot CD longer infectious period each cause a disease like influenza to spread to more people. Which of the following statements correctly explain why? 1. At high densities, infected individuals encountrr more individuals who are also infected. 2. At high transmission rates, an infected-susceptible encounter is more likely to result in an infection. 3. With long recovery, an infected individual is contagious longer and can infect more susceptibles.

Answers

Beshdbdndnnddnsndkbsnendnd

One reason cells divide is that

Answers

Answer:

A lot of answers ! :P In explanation

Explanation:

For example, when you skin your knee, cells divide to replace old, dead, or damaged cells. Cells also divide so living things can grow. When organisms grow, it isn't because cells are getting larger. Organisms grow because cells are dividing to produce more and more cells.

I hope I helped you :♡

Which situation probably involves autoantibodies?

Answers

Answer:

Biological markers

Homeostasis

House keeping

Explanation:

Autoantibodies are also reffered to as natural antibodies. This antibody react with self molecules in the body system to fight against infection.

This antibodies are produced by genes that are not mutated.

They provide the immediate defence against disease or infection and help in keeping the body fit.

They are useful in the regulation of body function or activities i.e homeostasis

Autoantibodies are useful as biological marker in targeting some disease that are present in the body as they could be specific to certain organs in the body.

How do most animals produce carbon dioxide?
O A. By buming fossil fuels
O B. By photosynthesis
O C. By cellular respiration
O D. By eating plants

Answers

Answer:

cellular respiration

Explanation:

animals have to breathe to survive similar to humans

Answer:

Cellular Respiration

Explanation:

APEX

Sue is a 4-year-old girl who was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes when she was 1. Her parents have learned that spacing out Sue's carbohydrates throughout the day helps to keep her blood sugar levels stable. Each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) provides roughly how many grams carbohydrate per meal?
a. 30 grams carbohydrate per meal
b. 50 grams carbohydrate per meal
c. 15 grams carbohydrate per meal
d. 20 grams carbohydrate per meal

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is option a. "30 grams carbohydrate per meal".

Explanation:

It is very important to control the amount of carbohydrates that a child eats, particularly for a child diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes such as Sue. It is recommended to follow a plan that established an approximate carbohydrate ingest of 30 grams per meal, in order to control weight gain as glycemic control improves. Of course, the amount of grams per meal varies depending of the meal. For instance, a snack can have from 15 to 20 grams of carbohydrates, while a dinner can have from 30 to 45 grams of carbohydrates.

Which statement describes an interaction between the biosphere and the atmosphere that is related to photosynthesis? During photosynthesis, plant roots take in water from soil. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air. Through photosynthesis, energy stored in plants is released into the air. Through photosynthesis, energy stored in plants is transferred to humans who eat them.

Answers

Examples of the correct answers Water evaporates from a lake into the air when he moves parts of rocks to another location. Polar bears dig big holes in the hills of snow to protect their young.

Answer: The answer is A. Plant roots take in water through their roots. Please correct me if I’m wrong.

Explanation:

A graph titled "Average plant height (cm) vs. Concentration of sodium phosphate (mg/L)" shows an upward-sloping line that reaches a maximum value and then stays there over the remainder of the graph.



What noticeable trend from this graph might be used to make a conclusion?


A.
Average plant height increases with an increase in the concentration of sodium phosphate until the plants reach a maximum possible height.

B.
Average plant height causes an increase in the concentration of sodium phosphate.

C.
Average plant height is not affected by the concentration of sodium phosphate.

D.
Average plant height is halved every time the concentration of sodium phosphate is doubled until all of the sodium phosphate has been used up.

Answers

Answer:

A. Average plant height increases with an increase in the concentration of sodium phosphate until the plants reach a maximum possible height.

Explanation:

The graph in the attachment section portrays the average height of plants (cm) on the y-axis plotted against the concentration of sodium phoshate (mg/L) on the x-axis. Based on the observation of the result in the graph, an increase in the concentration of phosphate caused an increase in the average plant height (as depicted by the upward-sloping line).

However, the plant's average height didn't go beyond 35cm despite an increase in concentration of phosphate. This is because the plants has reached a maximum possible height i.e. a height climax. Hence, they cannot grow taller than 35cm no matter the amount of external nutrients (sodium phosphate) supplied.

Therefore, the noticeable trend that can be used to make a conclusion is that average plant height increases with an increase in the concentration of sodium phosphate until the plants reach a maximum possible height.

The disease scurvy caused by a deficiency in vitamin C leads to an inability to synthesize the protein collagen. Would prescribing calcium salts help to treat the primary bone problem in the disease?

Answers

Answer:

Yes it would

Explanation:

The diagram below shows the stages of succession in a forest ecosystem. A diagram showing 4 stages of succession in a forest ecosystem. Stage A: A mature forest. A fire occurs, resulting in Stage B, a burnt forest where nothing is growing. Stage C, pioneer plant species grow in the bare ground. More species follow and grow bigger. Stage D: A mature forest with several tree species and younger trees. Which area shows the climax community of secondary succession?

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

just took the test

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Area D shows the climax of secondary succession.

A is a chemical substance that organisms require to live.

Answers

Answer:

Nutrient

Explanation:

A nutrient is a chemical substance that all types of organisms require to live.

1. Describe at least one part of the experiment procedure you thought was essential for getting good results. Did you find that certain steps in the procedure had to be followed carefully to get consistent results? If you wanted better results, do you think there is a step that could have been added to the procedure? 2. Discuss your thoughts on the overall lab design. Did it help you understand the concepts better, or did it raise more questions? Do you think you could have designed a better experiment? If so, explain how and then discuss it with your classmates. Share some of your knowledge with them to learn a little more about this experiment.

Answers

Answer:

Control environment is the most important procedures for getting good results.

Explanation:

The control environment for an experiment is the essential part for getting good results. In control environment, there is no or less chances of infestation from the external environment which can cause the results of the data more acceptable. So the scientists prefers laboratory for performing experiment as compared to outer environment. So in my opinion for getting better results, the control environment is the most necessary experimental procedure.

Yes, for getting better results I think there is a step that could have been added to the procedure is to follow the international standard procedures for taking the readings by the experimenter.

Answer:

The control environment for an experiment is the essential part for getting good results. In control environment, there is no or less chances of infestation from the external environment which can cause the results of the data more acceptable. So the scientists prefers laboratory for performing experiment as compared to outer environment. So in my opinion for getting better results, the control environment is the most necessary experimental procedure.

Explanation:

Which of the following biotic organisms makes its own energy from inorganic substances?
producers
consumers
decomposers
minerals

Answers

Answer:

consumers

Explanation:

can consume manufactured food and still gain energy

The amino acid methionine is specified by the codon 5'-AUG, and a methionine tRNA can have the anticodon sequence 5'-CAU. Which of the following is the base sequence of the template strand of the part of the tRNA gene corresponding to the anticodon?
a. 5'-GTAb. 5'-CAUc. 5'-CATd. 5'-UACe. 5'-AUGf. 5'-GUAg. 5'-TACh. 5'-ATG

Answers

Answer:

g. 5' GUA

Explanation:

Because it is a reverse start codon to the 5'-AUG. Template stands and coding strands have the reverse of each other

A-T(DNA), A-U (RNA), G-C

Hope this helps.

The base sequence of the template strand of the part of the tRNA gene corresponding to the anticodon is 5'-GUA. So, the correct option is F.

What is a Template strand?

Any strand which is used by DNA polymerase/RNA polymerase to attach a complementary base during DNA replication/RNA transcription. It provides an idea for replication.

The amino acid methionine is specified by the codon 5'-AUG, the template strand of the part of the tRNA gene is a reverse of the start codon. Template stands and coding strands are complementary to each other in such a way as to facilitate the process of DNA replication or RNA transcription.

Therefore, the base sequence of the template strand of the part of the tRNA gene corresponding to the anticodon is 5'-GUA.

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The equations are not balanced. Which equation would have the same coefficients in the same order as 2CO2 + 3H20 C2H6O + 3O2? FeCl3 + NH4OH Fe(OH)3 + NH4Cl CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O Fe + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + H2 PCl5 + H2O HCl + H3PO4

Answers

Answer:

Unbalanced= Fe + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + H2

Balanced with same coefficients in the same order= 2Fe + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2

Explanation:

Balancing a chemical equation means having the same number of atoms of an element on the reactant side as on the product side in accordance to the law of conservation of mass. To do this, coefficients (number behind the element) are used.

In this question,the below balanced equation was given

2CO2 + 3H20 ---> C2H6O + 3O2

Four other unbalanced equations were also given to be balanced and see which will have the same coefficients in the same order as the template equation. Let's start balancing each equation.

1. FeCl3 + NH4OH ---> Fe(OH)3 + NH4Cl (unbalanced)

Atoms of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and Chlorine are unequal in both sides. Hence, we have

FeCl3 + 3NH4OH ---> Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl (balanced)

2. CH4 + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O (unbalanced)

Atoms of hydrogen and oxygen are unequal in both sides. We have;

CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O (balanced)

3. Fe + H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + H2 (unbalanced)

Atoms of iron, sulphur, and oxygen are unequal in both sides. Hence,

2Fe + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2 (balanced)

4. PCl5 + H2O ---> HCl + H3PO4 (unbalanced)

Atoms of chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen are unequal in both sides. Hence,

PCl5 + 4H2O ---> 5HCl + H3PO4 (balanced).

From the above balanced equations, it can be observed that; 2Fe + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2 has the same coefficients in the same order as 2CO2 + 3H20 ---> C2H6O + 3O2

That is, coefficient 2---- 3 ---- 1 ----- 3.

Taking into accoun the law of conservation of matter, the reaction 2 Fe + 3 H₂SO₄ → Fe₂(SO4)₃ + 3 H₂ has the same coefficients in the same order as 2 CO₂ + 3 H₂O → C₂H₆O + 3 O₂

In first place, you have the balanced equation:

2 CO₂ + 3 H₂O → C₂H₆O + 3 O₂

The coefficients of the balanced reaction in order are: 2 -3- 1- 3

Law of conservation of matter

The law of conservation of matter states that since no atom can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, the number of atoms that are present in the reagents has to be equal to the number of atoms present in the products.

Balance a chemical equation

Considering the law of conservation of matter, you must balance the chemical equation.

For that, you must first look at the subscripts next to each atom to find the number of atoms in the equation. If the same atom appears in more than one molecule, you must add its amounts

On the other side the coefficients located in front of each molecule indicate the amount of each compound for the reaction. This coefficient can be modified to balance the equation, just as you should never alter the subscripts.

By multiplying the coefficient mentioned by the subscript, you get the amount of each element present in the reaction.

This case

Considering what was expressed above and the reactions given, the following balanced reactions are obtained:

FeCl₃ + 3 NH₄OH → Fe(OH)₃ + 3 NH₄ClCH₄ + 2 O₂ → CO₂ + 2 H₂O2 Fe + 3 H₂SO₄ → Fe₂(SO4)₃ + 3 H₂ PCl₅ + 4 H₂O → 5 HCl + H₃PO₄

The coefficients of each balanced reaction in order are:

1 -3- 1- 31 -2- 1- 22 -3- 1- 31 -4 -5 -1

Finally, the reaction 2 Fe + 3 H₂SO₄ → Fe₂(SO4)₃ + 3 H₂ has the same coefficients in the same order as 2 CO₂ + 3 H₂O → C₂H₆O + 3 O₂

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Consider a general Eudicot flowering plant. Identify three major "above ground" structures and two major "below ground" structures.

Answers

Answer:

See the answer below

Explanation:

A Eudicot flowering plant is a plant that comes up with two seed leaves during the process of germination. Generally, Eudicot plants are characterized by netted venation of leaves, floral parts in 4/5 or multiples, and ring arrangement of vascular bundles.

Three major above-ground structure of a typical Eudicot include;

1. The stem

2. The leaves

3. The flowers (for those that have reached maturity)

Two major below-ground structures of a typical Eudicot include;

1. The roots

2. The root hairs

A chill is a sign that A) body temperature is falling. B) body temperature is rising. C) body temperature is not changing. D) the metabolic rate is decreasing. E) blood vessels are dilating.

Answers

According to healthline, a chill is a sign that the vessels in your skin constrict, chills can occur with a fever and cause shivering or shaking.

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In arguing against the death penalty, Amnesty International has pointed out supposed inequities, such as the many times a black person has been given the death penalty by an all-white jury. If jurors are selected randomly from an adult population, find the probability that all 12 jurors are white when the population is (a) 90% white and (b) 50% white. If 12 5 )tan( = x and Thomas needs at least 8 apples to make an apple pie. He has 3 apples. If x represents the number of apples Thomas still needs, which inequality can be used to represent the situation? x + 3 less-than 8 x + 3 less-than-or-equal-to 8 x + 3 greater-than 8 x + 3 greater-than-or-equal-to 8 Write in figures;Nine million twenty thousand four hundred and six and twenty seven thousandths. Pablo generates the function f (x) = three-halves (five-halves) Superscript x minus 1 to determine the xth number in a sequence. Which is an equivalent representation? In which direction of the wave motion do longitudinal waves transfer energy?A-perpendicular B- parallelC- closeD-equal 4f(6)6g(5) need help asap I need help with this problem, the picture is attached below. Select the following numbers that cannot represent the area of a polygon. Colton makes the claim to his classmates that less than 50% of newborn babies born this year in his state are boys. To prove this claim, he selects a random sample of 344 birth records in his state from this year. Colton found that 176 of the newborns are boys. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for this hypothesis test at the temperature at which we live, earth's core is solid or liquid? If |2x - 2| > 2, what is the range of x? a. x -4 b. x0 or x 2 c. x2 or x -2 d. x 2 e. x 2 a boy runs from his house to school at speed 5m/s on a straight road and returns with speed of 10m/s.The distance between the house and school is 100m. Find his average velocity.... with explaination please The cyclin BCdc2 complex controls the passage from G2 into M and is assembled before mitosis however, its catalytic activity is restricted to mitosis. What process is responsible for the activation of the cyclin BCdc2 complex? During World War II, the Indian National Congress told citizens to refuse to vote in elections. purchase only British goods. pay their taxes on time. boycott Gandhis protests. I just failed a test cansomeone explained to me what inequalitys are i need help someone help me make a travel guide for paris including... Brief summary of the setting, with highlights of important places Location, including a map Geography Major cities, Well-known places Historic Sites and Landmarks Recreation and Outdoor Activitiesparks, sports, water Entertainment Climate and overall weather conditions Transportation Arts and Culture, including museums, theaters, places to visit Languages and Local Dialect Food that the area is known for Pictures/Graphics Fun Facts about country or city if XP = 4 and PT = 1, in square units what is the area of the shaded portion of larger circleX?(i guessed idk if its right) Plz please help With only 5 please Write the following number in the standard form b) 13450000000 Not sure how I would solve this