True, object program is defined as the machine language of a program resulting from the compilation of procedural language.
Object ProgramObject program is a program in machine language. Usually users write computer programs using high-level languages or assembly languages. If a program is written in a high-level language, it will be converted to executable machine form using a compiler.
If a program is prepared in assembly language, it is usually converted to machine executable form using an assembler. The output of a compiler or even an assembler is called an object program. They can be directly reached by machine.
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You recently installed several applications on Windows system. After doing so, you notice the system takes much longer to boot up. You suspect that the new applications include one or more helper applications that are automatically loaded when the system boots. To improve performance, you want to identify any such helper applications and disable them.Startup
Startup
Click on the Startup tab in Task Manager that you would use to to stop applications that are automatically loaded when the system boots.
What is Task Manager?
The Task Manager is a component of the Microsoft Windows operating system that has been present since Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000. It allows you to view each task (process) as well as the overall performance of the computer. You can view how much memory a program is using, stop a frozen program, and view available system resources using the Task Manager.
Ctrl+Shift+Esc on the keyboard brings up the Task Manager. By right-clicking the taskbar and selecting Task Manager, you can also access the Task Manager.
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if you omit both null and not null from the list of column attributes in a create table statement, which is the default setting?
Answer:
NULL
Explanation:
to prevent your network from being seen on other devices, disable the service set identifier. (1 point)true false
Answer: true
Explanation:
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the nurse knows that which medication causes cellular mitochondrial injury and deficient activity of atp to power cellular functions? angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitors nsaids gentamicin cisplatin
The nurse knows that pain medications such as NSAIDs cause cellular mitochondrial injury and deficient activity of ATP to power cellular functions. Thus, option B 'NSAIDs' is the correct answer.
Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondrial disease results in an impaired respiratory chain function and reduced ATP production. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs or NSAIDs are medicines that are widely used to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and bring down a high temperature. NSAID medications can cause cellular mitochondrial injury and deficient activity of ATP to power cellular functions.
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Which options allow users to modify the existing data in a report?
a. Report or Create
b. Create or Design View
c. Design view or Layout view
d. Print Preview or Report
The options that allow users to modify the existing data in a report are:
Report or Create (Option A)Create or Design View (Option B).What is a report in computer science?A report is a published result of a table or query. It is used to analyze The data supplied in specified techniques.
A report is a succinct summary extracted from a broader set of facts, intended for a specific audience.
In certain circumstances, a report is a database item that comes in useful when you wish to display the data in your database for any of the following uses:
Display or share a summary of data. Preserve snapshots of the data. Provide details about specific records. Create labels.Learn more about reports:
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Which term describes a piece of code that is distributed to allow additional functionality to be added to an existing program?
The term describing a piece of code that is distributed to allow additional functionality to be added to an existing program, is Plug-in.
This additional functionality is usually provided by an external developer and is intended to extend the capabilities of the existing program.
What is the Plug-in?Is a type of software that adds extra features to a program or application. It is used to extend the functionality of a program or application by providing additional features.
Plug-ins can range from simple tweaks to complex add-ons that drastically change the way a program or application works. Examples of plug-ins include:
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add a new built-in path command that allows users to show the current pathname list, append one pathname, or remove one pathname. in your shell implementation, you may keep a data structure to deal with the pathname list. if you do not use execle() or execve() that allows you to execute with your own environment variables, you will need to add it to the "real" path environment variable for executables in the path to work correctly. the initial value of path within your shell shall be the
Answer:
#include<stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void path() {
char path[100];
if (getcwd(path, sizeof(path)) != NULL) {
printf("path: %s\n", path);
} else {
perror("getcwd() error");
}
}
void addPath(char *a) {
char path[100];
if (getcwd(path, sizeof(path)) != NULL) {
printf("path: %s %s\n", path,a);
} else {
perror("getcwd() error");
}
}
void removePath(char *a) {
char path[100];
if (getcwd(path, sizeof(path)) != NULL) {
int len = (strlen(path)-strlen(a));
printf("(%.*s)\n", len, path);
} else {
perror("getcwd() error");
}
}
int main()
{
char userInput[100] =" ";
char userInput2[100 ]= " ";
printf("Current Path");
path();
printf("Enter Path to be added\n");
scanf("%s", &userInput);
addPath(userInput);
printf("Enter Path to be removed\n");
scanf("%s", &userInput2);
removePath(userInput2);
return 0;
}
use prim's algorithm to find a minimal spanning tree for the times whose vertices are the hotels given in the distance chart. what is the total time for this spanning tree?
The greedy approach is the foundation of the Prim's algorithm. We choose the edge with the least weight at each step, assuming that the final node hasn't been reached yet.
The spanning tree would appear like this. All the names are written in shorthand. Kindly corelate.
What is spanning tree?
A spanning tree is a sub-graph of an undirected connected graph that contains all of the graph's vertices and the fewest number of edges possible between them. It is not a spanning tree if a vertex is missed. Weights may or may not be applied to the edges.
What is minimum spanning tree?
A minimum spanning tree is one in which the weight of the edges added together is as small as it can be.
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Assume the name of your dataframe is flavors_df. What code chunk lets you get a glimpse of the contents of the data frame?.
Assume the name of your dataframe is flavors_df. The code chunk that lets you get a glimpse of the contents of the data frame is option D: colnames(flavors_df)
What is a DataFrame?
It ia a term that is similar to a spreadsheet, a data structure called a dataframe arranges data into a 2-dimensional table of rows and columns. Because they provide a flexible and user-friendly method of storing and interacting with data, DataFrames are one of the most popular data structures used in contemporary data analytics.
Note that in regards to the question, the code block colnames(flavors df) is written by you. In this section of code:
Hence, you can examine the column names in the data frame with the function colnames().
So, the data frame that the colnames() function accepts as an argument is called flavors df.
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See full question below
Assume the name of your data frame is flavors_df. What code chunk lets you review the column names in the data frame?
Single Choice Question. Please Choose The Correct Option ✔
A
rename(flavors_df)
B
col(flavors_df)
C
arrange(flavors_df)
D
colnames(flavors_df)
discuss an example of an algorithm. in general, is there only one correct algorithm for a given problem? explain.
Algorithms are procedures for resolving issues or carrying out tasks. Algorithms include math equations and recipes.
What is an algorithm ?An algorithm is a process used to carry out a computation or solve a problem. In either hardware-based or software-based routines, algorithms function as a detailed sequence of instructions that carry out predetermined operations sequentially. All aspects of information technology employ algorithms extensively.Algorithms are procedures for resolving issues or carrying out tasks. Algorithms include math equations and recipes. Algorithms are used in programming. All online searching is done using algorithms, which power the internet.Based on data storage, sorting, and processing, algorithms are used to solve problems in the best way feasible. By doing this, they raise a program's effectiveness.To learn more about algorithm refer,
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Which task would be best completed by using the Find Unmatched Queries Wizard for two tables named “Products Offered” and “Customers”?
a. finding customers who have bought a minimum number of products
b. finding customers who have bought more than one of the same product
c. finding a company’s products that have never been sold
d. finding a company’s products that have sold for more than a certain amount
The task that will be best completed by using the Find Unmatched Queries Wizard for two tables named “Products Offered” and “Customers” is option b. finding customers who have bought more than one of the same product
What is unmatched query wizard?With the help of this query wizard, you can build a query that lists any orphaned or widowed records present in two Microsoft Access tables. When a record in a relationship between two tables has many sides (child or related) but only one side (parent or primary), it is said to have orphaned records.
Note that The Find Unmatched Query, as its name suggests, shows records in one table or query that don't match any records in another table or query.
Therefore, On the Create tab, select Query Wizard from the Queries group. Click the Find Unmatched Query Wizard button twice in the New Query dialog box. Click Next after selecting the table with the mismatched records on the wizard's first page.
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you want to run your campaign for your dry-cleaning service across three different publishers, each with different video creative specifications. one accepts only mp4-transcoded video creatives, one accepts only 480x480 companion ads, and the third hasn't provided specifications. how should you traffic this campaign?
The publisher, the user, and the ad server are all involved in the third-party ad serving (3PAS) paradigm of ad delivery.
Instead of serving an ad directly to the user's browser, the publisher instead sends the browser to an ad server where the ad is saved via an ad tag. Companion banners are image advertisements that play concurrently with other video or audio advertisements. In audio advertising, companion banners are shown to viewers as your audio ad is playing on a screen-equipped device, such as a smartphone or a computer. Go to your creative properties and open the Companion Creatives section. Select Add companions from the drop-down menu. You can add new creatives or assign already-existing ones.
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The open source movement makes _____ available to everyone in an effort to continue to build and improve the functionality of open source software.
Answer:
programs
Explanation:
what is an advantage of using electronic databases for research? they provide only the most up-to-date information. they provide smaller, more manageable amounts of information. they provide bibliographic information, abstracts, and full-text documents.
The ability to rapidly and easily search the information is one of the main benefits of using electronic databases.
What is the advantage of using databases for research?They enable you to perform searches across a range of sources. They frequently offer access to books and journal papers in their entirety. The knowledge you discover there is of a very high academic calibre.Databases provide advantages.Little redundancy of data.Enhanced data securityHigher consistency.Minimised upgrading errorsLess expensive data entry, storage, and retrieval.Enhanced data accessibility through host and query languages.Higher application programme integrity for data.These databases provide scholarly, peer-reviewed articles authored by reputable authors, including journalists, scholars, and subject-matter authorities. Users can discover the information they need more quickly because databases offer robust search options for limiting results.To Learn more About electronic databases refer to:
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the post method is the default method that tells the browser to append the form data to the end of the url specified in the action attribute. group of answer choices true false
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Get method
Which of the following Windows registry keys is most useful for malware that aims at maintaining persistent presence on the infected system?
A.HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
B. HKLM\SECURITY
C. %UserProfile%\ntuser.dat
D.HKCU\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\MediaProperties
HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run is the windows registry keys is most useful for malware that aims at maintaining persistent presence on the infected system.
What's a registry key?The Windows operating system and any apps that choose to use the registry store low-level settings in a hierarchical database called the Windows Registry. The registry can be used by the kernel, device drivers, services, Security Accounts Manager, and user interfaces.It Offers Security The Registry offers two sizes of access control. To start, you can configure each workstation or server to forbid connections to the distant Registry. This is safe, but it also prevents you from editing policies on that machine using the System Policy Editor.Press Windows key + R, type cmd, and hit Enter to open the command prompt's Windows registry. Regedit should be typed into the Command Prompt and entered.To learn more about windows registry refer :
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pille runs a small business. she wants to create and send invoices to her customers. which productivity software should pille use?
To prepare and send invoices to her clients, Pille should utilise accounting software like QuickBooks, FreshBooks, Xero, or Zoho Books.
Describe software.
Software is a collection of instructions, data, or computer programmes that are employed to run machines and carry out particular activities. It is hardware, which refers to a computer's external components. A device's running programmes, scripting, and algorithms are collectively referred to as "software" in this context. It can be compared to a variable component of a computer, whereas the invariable component is the hardware. Application software system software are the mainly two categories of software. Implementations are pieces of software that perform tasks or meet certain needs.
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Which of the following are tasks you perform when creating tables? Select all the options that apply.a. Define the fields in the table.b. Arrange the controls for easy data entry.c. Select a data type for each field.d. Name the table.
The option that are tasks you perform when creating tables is option A , C and D:
Define the fields in the table. Select a data type for each field.How do you create a table?To create a simple table, select Insert > Table and drag the cursor over the grid until the desired number of columns and rows is highlighted. Choose Insert > Table > Insert Table to create a larger table or to edit an existing table.
So, in the excel or microsoft window, Click Insert>Table to create a table. A small menu will appear with a grid of what appear to be table cells. Choose the number of rows and columns for your table by hovering the mouse over them. Additionally, you can select the Insert Table option.
Therefore, as a person, You can create a table by creating a new database, inserting a table into an existing database, or importing or linking to a table from another data source, such as a Microsoft Excel workbook, that of a Microsoft Word document, a text file, or the use of database. Hence the options selected above are correct.
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who (which main role) is responsible for signing off on the final case report forms (crfs) before database lock?
The Trial Manager or delegate is responsible for signing off on the final case report forms (crfs) before database lock.
What is case report forms ?An electronic, optical, or printed form known as a case report form (CRF) is used to capture all of the protocol-required data about each person participating in a research project.The CRF makes it easier to gather comprehensive and consistent data, which encourages effective data processing, analysis, and reporting. It also makes it easier to interchange data across sites and with the sponsor, principal investigator, and data coordination center. The CRFs should be adjusted by researchers to suit the requirements of each individual research endeavor. There are instructions in the Toolbox on how to modify the CRFs.Only the investigator or people identified on this form should complete the CRF. DEFINITIONS: A paper-based or digital questionnaire used exclusively in clinical trial research is known as a case report form (CRF).Learn more about case report forms refer to :
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Consider the following code segment, which is intended to assign to num a random integer value between min and max, inclusive. Assume that min and max are integer variables and that the value of max is greater than the value of min.
double rn = Math.random();
int num = / missing code /;
Which of the following could be used to replace / missing code / so that the code segment works as intended?
A (int) (rn * max) + min
B (int) (rn * max) + min - 1
C (int) (rn * (max - min)) + min
D (int) (rn * (max - min)) + 1
E (int) (rn * (max - min + 1)) + min
E (int) (rn * (max - min + 1)) + min
This is "E (int) (rn * (max - min + 1)) + min" the code that can be used to replace / missing code / so that the code segment works as intended.
double rn = Math.random();
int num = E (int) (rn * (max - min + 1)) + min;
What exactly is Math.random() function?
The Math.random() function returns a floating-point, pseudo-random number between 0 and 1, with a roughly uniform distribution over that range — which you can then scale to your desired range. The implementation chooses the initial seed for the random number generation algorithm; the user cannot choose or reset it.
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how does cloud computing improve the performance and user experience of an online version of office productivity tools?
The user experience of an online version of office productivity tools is by providing a application code as needed .
What is meant by Cloud computing ?Utility computing and on-demand computing are other terms for cloud computing. The cloud symbol, which is frequently used to symbolize the internet in flowcharts and diagrams, served as the inspiration for the name cloud computing.
Businesses utilize many different use cases, such as data backup, disaster recovery, email, virtual desktops, software development and testing, big data analytics, and customer-facing web apps of every size, type, and sector.
Cloud services relate to infrastructure, platforms, or software that are hosted by outside providers and made available to users online. IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS are the three main categories of as-a-Service solutions.
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which place is recommended for the storage of your prospect's information? a knowledge base a notepad a crm system an email provider
A CRM system is recommended for the storage of your prospect's information. Thus, option C is correct.
What is information?
It is a collection of information that was arranged for human utilization since knowledge aids in decision-making. this is termed the information that is utilized by the people.
Companies utilize the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) technique to control interaction with current and potential customers. CRM enables businesses to develop client connections, boost sales, improve customer service ultimately improve profitability.
Therefore, option C is the correct option.
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Which unique feature of e-commerce is related to the ability to interact with web technology everywhere?.
Ubiquity is the unique feature of e-commerce is related to the ability to interact with web technology everywhere.
What is Ubiquity in E-commerce?
Why has e-commerce grown so quickly? The answer lies in the internet's and web technology's distinct features. Simply put, the internet and e-commerce technologies outperform previous technological revolutions such as television and radio. When compared to physical retail stores, services, and entertainment, e-commerce is also the fastest growing form of commerce.
The internet and web as a commercial medium have eight distinct characteristics that contribute to the rapid growth of e-commerce: ubiquity, global reach, universal standards, richness, interactivity, information density, personalization/customization, and social technology.
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let us consider a simple 20. m2 rooftop installation of crystalline-silicon (c-si) pv modules. remember that pv modules are rated to receive 1.0 kw/m2 of solar radiation. assuming peak solar irradiance of 1.0 kw/m2, what would the peak output of this system be (in kw) if the modules are 18% efficient? [2 points]
The peak output of the system would be 18% * 20 kW = <<18*.01*20=3.6>>3.6 kW. Thus, the peak output of this system be \boxed{3.6} (in kw) if the modules are 18% efficient.
PV modules are photovoltaic modules, which are units made up of multiple photovoltaic cells. These modules are used to convert sunlight into electricity. They are a key component in solar power systems, and are often used to power homes and businesses. The electricity generated by PV modules can be used immediately, or it can be stored in a battery for later use.
If a 20 square meter rooftop installation receives 1.0 kW/m^2 of solar radiation, the total amount of solar radiation it receives is 20 * 1.0 = <<20*1.0=20>>20 kW.
Since the modules are 18% efficient, the peak output of the system would be 18% * 20 kW = <<18*.01*20=3.6>>3.6 kW. Answer: \boxed{3.6}.
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for some time now, you have been using an application on your windows 11 computer at home and while in the office. this application communicates with the internet. today, your team lead decides to have a special team meeting at a local hotel. during this meeting, you obtain access to the internet using the hotel's network, but when you try to run your application, it cannot communicate with the internet. which of the following windows settings is most likely causing this behavior? Privacy settings
Security settings
Programs settings
Firewall settings
Note that since for some time now, you have been using an application on your Windows 11 computer at home and while in the office and this application communicates with the internet, and today, your team lead decides to have a special team meeting at a local hotel.
If during this meeting, you obtain access to the internet using the hotel's network, but when you try to run your application, it cannot communicate with the internet. Note that the windows settings is most likely causing this behavior is "Firewall settings" (Option D).
What are firewall Settings?A firewall setup consists of a set of profiles or rules. On the computer, you use these profiles or rules to establish the permissions for all inbound and outgoing connections to certain ports.
Windows connects to the internet or network via profiles.
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Python
Write a program that reads the student information from a tab separated values (tsv) file. The program then creates a text file that records the course grades of the students. Each row of the tsv file contains the Last Name, First Name, Midterm1 score, Midterm2 score, and the Final score of a student. A sample of the student information is provided in StudentInfo.tsv. Assume the number of students is at least 1 and at most 20.
The program performs the following tasks:
Read the file name of the tsv file from the user.
Open the tsv file and read the student information.
Compute the average score of each student.
Assign a letter grade to each student based on the average score in the following scale:
A: 90 =<>
B: 80 =< x=""><>
C: 70 =< x=""><>
D: 60 =< x=""><>
F: x <>
Compute the average of each exam.
Output the last names, first names, scores, and letter grades of the students into a text file named report.txt. Output one student per row and separate the values with a tab character.
Output the average of each , with two digits after the decimal point, at the end of report.txt. Hint: Use the format specification to set the precision of the output.
Ex: If the input of the program is:
StudentInfo.tsv
and the contents of StudentInfo.tsv are:
Barrett Edan 70 45 59
Bradshaw Reagan 96 97 88
Charlton Caius 73 94 80
Mayo Tyrese 88 61 36
Stern Brenda 90 86 45
the file report.txt should contain:
Barrett Edan 70 45 59 F
Bradshaw Reagan 96 97 88 A
Charlton Caius 73 94 80 B
Mayo Tyrese 88 61 36 D
Stern Brenda 90 86 45 C
Averages: midterm1 83.40, midterm2 76.60, final 61.60
Coding:
import csv
if __name__ == '__main__':
filename = input("")
tsv_file = open(filename)
read_tsv = csv.reader(tsv_file, delimiter="\t")
grade_list = []
ave1 = 0.0
ave2 = 0.0
ave3 = 0.0
tc = 0
for row in read_tsv:
a = float(row[2].strip("\n"))
b = float(row[3].strip("\n"))
c = float(row[4].strip("\n"))
ave1 += a
ave2 += b
ave3 += c
tc += 1
d = (a + b + c) / 3.0
if d >= 90:
grade_list.append('A')
elif 80 <= d=""><>
grade_list.append('B')
elif 70 <= d=""><>
grade_list.append('C')
elif 60 <= d=""><>
grade_list.append('D')
else:
grade_list.append('F')
count = 0
ave1 = ave1/tc
ave2 = ave2/tc
ave3 = ave3/tc
tsv_file = open("StudentInfo.tsv")
read_tsv = csv.reader(tsv_file, delimiter="\t")
with open("report.txt", "w") as f:
for row in read_tsv:
f.write("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}\t{5}\n".format(row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3], row[4], grade_list[count]))
print("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}\t{5}\n".format(row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3], row[4], grade_list[count]))
count += 1
f.write("\n")
print("\n")
f.write("Averages: midterm1 {:.2f}, midterm2 {:.2f}, final {:.2f}\n".format(ave1, ave2, ave3))
print("Averages: midterm1 {:.2f}, midterm2 {:.2f}, final {:.2f}\n".format(ave1, ave2, ave3))
The program that can read the student information will be:
opening file for reading fileread= open("StudentInfo.tsv")
# opening file for writing
filewrite = open("report.txt", "w")
# reading every line from file
for line in fileread: # removing unnecessary terminal spaces line-line.strip()
# splitting line on mark of tab 1st line.split("\t")
# adding data to list. sum = int(1st [2])+int (1st [3])+int(1st
# calculating average = sum/3
if average>= 90: grade= 'A'
elif average >=80: grade= 'B
elif average>=70: grade='C'
elif average>=60: grade= 'D'
else:
grade = 'F'
# writing data to file filewrite.write(line+"\t"+grade+"\n")
except FileNotFoundError: print("Error: File not found")
finally:
# closing file
fileread.close()
filewrite.close()
What is a program?A computer program is the set of instructions that are in a programming language for a computer to execute.
The steps will be:
Identify the problem.
Find a solution.
Code it.
Test it.
The program is illustrated above.
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You are working as a security admin in an enterprise and have been asked to choose an access control method so that all users can access multiple systems without crossing their limit of access. Which of the following access control methods is the best fit?
Rule-based access control
The best access control method that fits is Rule-based access control. The correct option is d.
What is a security admin?A cybersecurity team's focal point is a security administrator. Installing, managing, and debugging security systems for a business are normally their duties.
The rule-based paradigm states that regardless of an employee's other permissions, a security expert or system administrator can allow or deny a user access to a specific area by creating access control rules.
Therefore, the correct option is d. Rule-based access control.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
Group of answer choices
Discretionary access control
Mandatory access control
Role-based access control
Rule-based access control
bookmark question for later what database did zach choose? microsoft excel microsoft access db2 oracle
Zach chooses the databases is Oracle
Explain about the databases?Information that is organized into a database is made available for quick administration, updating, and access. Network databases, object-oriented databases, and hierarchical databases are all types of databases.
According to the TOPDB Top Database index, Oracle is the most widely used database with 32.09% of the market share. Computer databases often hold collections of data records or files containing information, such as sales transactions, customer data, financials, and product information My SQL, with a score of 16.64, is in second place, while SQL Server, with a score of 13.72 percent, is third. Since at least 2006, Oracle has dominated global database searches, making it the most used database not just in 2022.
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Write a program that finds word differences between two sentences. The input begins with the first sentence and the following input line is the second sentence. Assume that the two sentences have the same number of words. The program displays word pairs that differ between the two sentences. One pair is displayed per line. Ex: if the input is: smaller cars get better gas mileage tiny cars get great fuel economy then the output is: smaller tiny better great gas fuel mileage economy hint: store each input line into a list of strings.
Below is the code of a program that that finds word differences between two sentences by using Python programming language.
Coding Part:
class Solution(object):
def findTheDifference(self, s, t):
ls_si = [si[i] for i in range(len(si))]
ls_ti = [ti[i] for i in range(len(ti))]
for elem in ls_s:
ls_t.remove(elem)
return(ls_t[0])
obj = Solution()
s = "zxyc"
t = "zxyce"
print(obj.findTheDifference(s, t)
What is Python Programming?
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assume planets is an arraylist of strings and it currently contains several elements. also assume a string variable named first has been declared. write a statement that will assign the first element of the arraylist to the first variable. planets[0]
Use the get (index) method to obtain the first element of an array list by specifying index = 0. Utilize the get (index) method to obtain the last element of an array list by passing index = size – 1.
What assign first element array list to the first variable?The element of the current Array List object at the provided index is returned by the get() function of the Array List class, which accepts an integer indicating the index value. As a result, if you supply 0 or list to this method, you can obtain the first element of the current Array List.
Therefore, The first item in an array is indexed as 0 when using zero-based array indexing, while the first item in an array using one-based array indexing is indexed as 1.
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