if a 5.0 l flask holds 0.125 moles of nitrogen at stp, what happens to the entropy of the system upon cooling the gas to -75 oc?

The electron-pair geometry around the S atom in SO[tex]_{3}[/tex] is Trigonal Planar as there is Zero(0) lone pairs around the S atom.

What is electron-pair geometry?

The electron pair arrangement determines the spatial arrangement of bonds and lone pairs within a molecule. VSEPR theory is used to calculate the shape of molecules according to the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom.

VSEPR theory states that electron pairs repel each other around the central atom and are placed as far apart as possible.

Molecular geometry is described as the 3D arrangement of atoms within a molecule, usually relative to a single central atom. Electron geometry, on the other hand, is the 3D arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom, whether bonded or unbonded.

A lone (non-bonded) pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond, and a bond pair is a pair of electrons present in a bond.

Therefore, The electron-pair geometry around the S atom in SO[tex]_{3}[/tex] is Trigonal Planar.

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The mass percent of mgcl2 in the mixture is 50.3%, a solid mixture contains mgcl2 and nacl. when 0.500 g of this mixture is dissolved in enough water to form 1.00 l of solution is 0.4033.

What is osmotic pressure?

The highest pressure that can form in a solution when it is isolated from a solvent by a membrane that is permeable solely to the solvent. Osmosis pressure is dependent on molar concentration and absolute temperature.

What is mass?

A substance or object's mass is a measurement of how much matter there is in it. Smaller masses can be measured in grams instead of kilograms (kg), which is the standard SI unit for mass (g).

Given, mass of mixture= 0.5000

Osmatic pressure of solution = 0.3950

Nacl and mgcl2 are strong electrolyte and completely dissociate.

hence, vant roff factor for Nacl =2

vant roff factor for mgcl2= 3

let amount of Nacl= xgm

amount of Mgcl2= (0.500-x) gm

o.p. for Nacl= i * wt. of substance * l T/ mol. wt. * vol. of sol in litre

= 2*x*0.0021*290/50.5*1

=0.0364x

o.p. for Mgcl2 = 3* (0.500-x) * 0.0021* 29.0/95*1

=0.7725x

o.p. of solution = 0.3950 atm ( given)

Then,

0.3950= 0.364x+ 0.7725x

0.3950=  1.6009x

0.3950/ 1.6009 = x = 0.2455gx

mass of Nacl2= 0.2455gx

mass of Mgcl2 = 0.5000- 0.2455

= 0.2545gx

% mass of Mgcl2 = mass of Mgcl2/ total mass

=0.2545/0.5000 *100

=50.3%

vapor pressure of pure A= 350 torr

vapor pressure of pure B = 100 torr

let mole fraction of A= x

let mole fraction of B = (1-x)

vapor pressure of solution as equilibrium = 2* mole fraction of A

= 2x

Now according to raoults law

Pa = Pa*mf of A

Pb = Pb* mf of B

vapour pressure of a solution

(Pa+Pb) = (Pa*mf of A) + (Pb* mf of B)

= 2x= (350*x)+100x (1-x)

2x= 350x+100-100x

2x=250x+100

248x= 10

x= 100/248

x= 0.4032

x=0.4033

Therefore, mass percent of mgcl2 in the mixture is 50.3%, a solid mixture contains mgcl2 and nacl. when 0.500 g of this mixture is dissolved in enough water to form 1.00 l of solution is 0.4033.

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.

Precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions are the three most common types of chemical reactions.

When dissolved substances react, one (or more) solid products are produced, which is known as Precipitation reaction. These kinds of reactions, which are also occasionally known as double displacement, double replacement, or metathesis reactions, frequently involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solutions. These interactions, which occur frequently in nature, are what cause kidney stones in mammals and coral reefs to grow in ocean waters. They are extensively utilized in industry to produce a variety of common and specialized compounds. Many chemical analysis procedures, such as gravimetric methods for figuring out the composition of matter and spot tests used to identify metal ions, heavily rely on precipitation reactions as well. This is called Precipitation reaction.

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The mixture contains a concentration of monoprotic acetic acid of

(8.36 M). (0.0083592 mol/1000 mL = 8.36 M) = 0.258 M x 32.40 mL/1000 L.

Monoprotic acids include benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H), acetic acid (CH3CO2H or HOAc), nitric acid (HNO3), and hydrochloric acid (HCl).

H2SO4 and H3PO4 are examples of polyprotic acids that contain two or three hydrogen ions. Although it is alluring to believe that polyprotic acids are more powerful than monoprotic acids since they include several hydrogen ions, this is not the case.

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The element which has the largest atomic radius is Aluminium. Therefore, the correct answer is option A- Al has the largest atomic radius.

We are aware that when atomic number increases, the number of shells also rises and, consequently, does atomic radius down a group in the periodic table. Along a period, as the atomic number rises, the nuclear charge rises as well, leading to an increase in the nuclear force of attraction. As a result, atomic radius shrinks over time.

Since the third period is below the second period, it will have a bigger atomic radius than the second period.

In the periodic table, aluminum and boron both belong to the same group. Atomic radius tends to rise from top to bottom within a group, according to this trend. The fact that aluminum is included in the periodic table below boron indicates that it has a bigger atomic radius than boron.

Hence, Aluminium has the largest atomic radius among the given options.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

Hydrogen peroxide is H2O2 which decomposes to water and oxygen

so

2H2O2 => 2H2O + O2

In quantum chemistry, Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals or LCAO is a superposition or mixing of atomic orbitals and a technique used for calculating molecular orbitals.

By  Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals , we can predict which atomic orbitals can mix to form a molecular orbital on the basis of orbital symmetry. We can also predict the number of molecular orbitals that can be produced from the interaction between two atomic orbitals.

By LCAO, the position of electrons can be determined. If can electron is found in an atomic orbital say "A" and also in atomic orbital say B". Then the superposition of the two atomic orbitals A and B will give the overall wave function. It is represented by ψ.

ψ± = N(A ±  B)

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Well here i can't draw the diagram for the curved arrow mechanism for the given reaction including the carbocation rearrangement step.

Carbocation is simply the positively (+ivly) charged carbon ions.

Examples of carbocation are:

Curved arrow mechanism are the mechanism in which to represent electron flow instead of linear arrow, curved arrows are used. The origination of the electron is indicated by the tail of the curved arrow. The movement of two electrons is represented by double barbed arrow.

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Fermentation is a chemical reaction that takes Byproducts of fermentation may include .

fermentation, chemical system with the aid of which molecules along with glucose are broken down anaerobically. more widely, fermentation is the foaming that happens at some point of the manufacture of wine and beer, a manner at least 10,000 years antique.

Fermentation is a metabolic technique wherein an organism converts a carbohydrate, which includes starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid. as an example, yeast performs fermentation to acquire energy by means of changing sugar into alcohol. micro organism carry out fermentation, changing carbohydrates into lactic acid.

Each types of fermentation require  primary components, a sugar supply and a bacterial culture; alcohol fermentations use types of yeast, at the same time as lactic acid fermentation generally relies on lactic acid bacteria.

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A 15.0 ml solution of Ba(OH)₂ is neutralized with 30.3 ml of 0.200 m HCl. the neutralized of the original Ba(OH)₂ solution is 0.2M

The reaction is given as follows :

Ba(OH)₂   +   2HCl   ---->  BaCl₂   +   2HCl

concentration of HCl , molarity = 0.200 M

volume = 30.3 mL = 0.030 L

moles of HCl = molarity × volume

                      = 0.200 × 0.030

                      = 0.006 mol

moles of Ba(OH)₂   = 1/2 moles of HCl

moles of Ba(OH)₂   = 1 /2 × 0.006 = 0.003 mol

molarity of Ba(OH)₂ = moles / volume

                                 = 0.003 / 0.015

                                 = 0.2 M

The concentration of Ba(OH)₂ = 0.2 M

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Molecular formula is n times the empirical formula, where n is integers 1,2,... The empirical formula is F[tex]_3[/tex]N[tex]_4[/tex]O[tex]_7[/tex]. Therefore, the molecular formula of the given compound is F[tex]_6[/tex]N[tex]_8[/tex]O[tex]_{14}[/tex].

Molecular formula is a chemical formula for a compound existing as discrete molecules that gives the total number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Number of gram atoms in compound and Divide by smallest Number of gram atoms in compound

F=(25.31%)÷18=1.40÷1.40=3

N=(24.82%)÷14=1.77÷1.40=4

O=(49.87%)÷16=3.11÷1.40=7

The atomic ratio is 1:1.21:2.2

Whole number  is 1:1:2

Empirical formula corresponding to this whole number is F[tex]_3[/tex]N[tex]_4[/tex]O[tex]_7[/tex].

molecular formula mass= n ×empirical formula mass

450.08g= n ×225.04

n= 2

molecular formula= F[tex]_6[/tex]N[tex]_8[/tex]O[tex]_{14}[/tex]

Therefore, the molecular formula of the given compound is  F[tex]_6[/tex]N[tex]_8[/tex]O[tex]_{14}[/tex].

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An alcohol is created when an alkene undergoes treatment with hg(oac)2 in ch3oh, followed by a reaction with nabh4.

What are the uses of alkene?

Introduction. One of the most adaptable chemical building blocks, alkenes are essential to numerous synthetic reactions. Alkene reactants are used in hydrofunctionalization processes such olefin hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination, which is a very active area of catalysis.

Alkene vs. alkane: what are they?

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because they only have one bond between the carbon atoms. Alkenes have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Alkynes have one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are the name given to alkenes and alkynes.

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1.176 g of CaCl2 is required to make 53 mL of a 0.020 M CaCl2 solution, and there are 0.0106 moles of chloride ions present in the solution.

What is chloride ion?
The anion (negative charges ion) called Cl is the chloride ion. It is created when a compound like hydrogen chloride dissolves in water or even other polar solvents, or when the halogen element chlorine gains an electron. Sodium chloride and other chloride salts are frequently very water soluble. It is a crucial electrolyte that is present in all bodily fluids and is in charge of maintaining the proper acid-base balance, transmitting nerve signals, and controlling the flow of fluid into and out of cells. Less frequently, this same word chloride could also be included in chemical compounds' "common" names. These compounds contain one or even more chlorine atoms bound together covalently.

To calculate the mass of CaCl2 required to make 53 mL of a 0.020 M CaCl2 solution, we need to use the equation:
Mass (g) = Volume (mL) x Molarity (M) x Molar Mass (g/mol)
Mass (g) = 53 mL x 0.020 M x 110.98 g/mol
Mass (g) = 1.176 g CaCl2

To calculate the number of moles of chloride ions in the solution, we need to use the equation:
Moles = Mass (g) x (1mol/Molar Mass (g/mol))
Moles = 1.176 g x (1mol/110.98 g/mol)
Moles = 0.0106 moles Cl- ions

Therefore, 1.176 g of CaCl2 is required to make 53 mL of a 0.020 M CaCl2 solution, and there are 0.0106 moles of chloride ions present in the solution.

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The smaller charges of the ions cause RbCl to have a higher melting point.

Which ionic compound has the highest melting point How do you know?

I The Ion Charge

In general, the higher the melting point, the stronger the ionic bond, the stronger the electrostatic attraction, and the higher the charge.

Why are ionic solids more flammable than covalent solids?

In ionic compounds, a strong electrostatic force holds the cation and anions together. The link that holds particles together and the attractive force that pulls them apart is known as the electrostatic force. The high melting point is a result of how challenging it is to separate the particles from one another.

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The addition of 0.1 M HCl lowers the pH of the solution. The pH starts to decline gradually at first.

Sodium acetate is 0.1M and acetic acid is 0.2M. So, 4.7 and log (0.1/0.2) added together give the pH value. i.e., 4.39. A solution with 0.2M acetic acid and 0.1M sodium acetate, therefore, has a pH of 4.39. Because H+ aq is smaller in size and more mobile than Na+ aq, it will have a greater m in 0.1 M HCl.

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A medal in a 1.5 index of refraction plastic cube seems to be 20 mm below the cube's upper surface. The medal is actually 30mm deep inside the acrylic cube

It looks that a medal in a plastic cube is 20 mm below its upper surface.

Equation

Appearance depth is 20mm

Let's say the real depth of the medal in the plastic cube is h.

We know that

real depth/apparent depth =the plastic's refractive index in relation to the air.

H/20 mm

= 1.5 H

= 20 mm x 1.5 mm

= 30.0 mm

Thus, the medal's real depth inside the plastic cube is 30 mm.

Refraction: What Is It?

Refraction is the bending of a wave as it travels through different media. The two materials' different densities are what lead to the bending.

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The range for the target ph of a buffer solution that would favours ph stabilization unders this condition in (4.75-4.85).

What is Henderson Hasselback equation ?

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pKa + log([A]/[HA]), can be used to determine the pH of a buffer. The terms "HA" and "A" in this equation stand for the equilibrium concentrations of the conjugate acid-base pair that were employed to make the buffer solution.

What is acetate?

A proton is taken out of the carboxy group of acetic acid to produce acetate, a monocarboxylic acid anion. It performs a function as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite as well as a human metabolite. The base is a conjugate of an acetic acid. ChEBI. Alternatives to ACETIC ACID

The Henderson Hasselback equation for a suitable acetic acid / acetate buffer-

Ph= Pka + log (salt)/(acid)

(salt) = (acetate)

(acid) = (acetic acid)

now, CH3 COOH dissociates as

CH3COOH ⇔ CH3COOH +H

Pka for CH3COOH = 4.75

If a chemical reaction produced hydroxide ions, then CH3COOH gets consumed and more acetate ions with produces. This leads to change in Ph of the solution as due (CH3C00H-) increases the ph absence increases.

The range for the target ph of a buffer solution that would favours ph stabilization unders this condition in (4.75-4.85)

The buffer capacity is the ability of a given buffer to resist any changes in ph when small amount of acid or base added to it.The buffer capacity of a mixed weak acid( here Acetic acid)-base (NaOH) buffer is much greater when the individual pKa values are in close proximity with each other.

Therefore, The range for the target ph of a buffer solution that would favours ph stabilization unders this condition in (4.75-4.85).

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The belief that scientists in The Daily Times article developed as a result of experimentation is he believes that if deafness is caused by a defective gene, gene therapy has the potential to cure many forms of hearing loss. The correct option is 1.

Gene therapy is a process in which the defective gene is repaired by scientific methods. Gene therapy is a form of genetic engineering. It is an attempt to cure diseases. It involves replacing a mutated gene.

Therefore, the correct option is 1. He believes that if deafness is caused by a defective gene, gene therapy has the potential to cure many forms of hearing loss.

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Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, the specific heat and identity of the sample is +0.89 J/g°C and aluminum respectively.

Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.

Mathematically,

Enthalpy=mass of unknown metal× specific heat capacity of unknown metal× Change in temperature

mass of unknown metal=16.9 grams

specific heat capacity of unknown metal=?

Change in temperature=final temperature - initial temperature

=318-298.7

= 20K

enthalpy=1.521×10²J

Substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get

1.521×10² =16.9 × specific heat capacity of unknown metal×20

3510 =3,910.68× specific heat capacity of unknown metal

specific heat capacity of unknown metal=-0.89J/g°C

Therefore, the specific heat and identity of the sample is +0.89 J/g°C and aluminum respectively.

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When ammonia is initially added to a solution containing Ni2+, solid nickel hydroxide, Ni(OH)2 is formed.

Ni2+ (aq) + 2 NH3 (aq) + 2 H2O (aq) → Ni(OH)2 (s) + 2 NH+4 (aq)

If more ammonia is added or if excess ammonia is now present in solution, Ni(OH)2 will be dissolved due to the formation of a violet-colored complex, [Ni(NH3)6]2+.

Ni(OH)2 (s) +6 NH3 (aq) → [Ni(NH3)6]2+ (aq)

The color of the solution is violet due to the formation of the nickel complex, hexaamminenickel(II).

What is Complex Compounds?

Coordination or Complex Compounds are addition compounds that are stable in a solid state. They are able to retain their identity even in solution. The central metal ion forms dative or coordinate bond with the ligands, which are species that surround the metal.

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When the concentration of nitrogen monoxide is doubled and the concentration of chlorine is cut in half, the reaction is second order in nitrogen monoxide, NO.

Is NOx equivalent to NO2?

Nitric oxide (NO), an odorless, colorless gas, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a reddish-brown gas with an offensive odor, are the two gases that are typically referred to as "nitrogen oxides" (NOx). Nitrogen dioxide is created when nitric oxide combines with oxygen or ozone in the atmosphere.

N2O is a laughing gas, right?

A non-flammable, colorless, and odorless gas is nitrous oxide. Despite not being flammable, nitrous oxide will nonetheless facilitate combustion to the same degree as oxygen. It produces a mood of exhilaration, therefore the moniker "laughing gas." The least effective inhalational anesthetic is nitrous oxide.

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d electron count can exhibit both high-spin and low-spin states in an octahedral complex is d⁶

high spin complex is a complex ion with more unpaired electrons in the d orbitals of the central atom. These ions are known to be paramagnetic.

low spin complex ion is a complex known to have electron pairs at low energy levels.

High-spin and low-spin complexes are characterized based on their magnetic moments.

If the configuration of the complex has an unpaired electron, it is said to be a high-spin complex. If the unpaired electron is missing, the complex is called low-spin.

There are two types of ligands approaching the central metal ion: strong electric fields and weak electric fields. In both cases, the d-orbital splitting is different. In case of strong electric field Δ>P

For weak electric field Δ

where Δ is the crystal field splitting

When. P is the pairing energy

Only d⁶ type electron configurations can display both High Spin (HS) and Low Spin (LS).

d⁶(strong)= t₂⁶g gives LS

d⁶(weak)= t₂⁴g eg³ gives HS

Therefore, only the d 6 electron configuration can give rise to both LS and HS complexes in the presence of strong and weak ligand fields, respectively.

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The efficacy of the kidney's capacity to correctly maintain the serum metabolic pH is reflected in the serum bicarbonate (HCO3-).

What does serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) mean?

Serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a measurement of the amount of bicarbonate ions in blood, which aid in controlling blood pH. It is normally assessed as part of a standard blood test and is used as an indicator of acid-base balance. Dehydration, renal or liver illness, metabolic acidosis, and other medical problems can all be indicated by abnormal serum bicarbonate levels.

What is Serum metabolic ph?

A measurement of the blood's acidity or alkalinity is the serum metabolic pH. It is usually assessed as a component of a thorough metabolic panel, a kind of blood test. The range of the serum metabolic pH normal values is 7.35 to 7.45.

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The action of lipase is much more manifest on triglyceride, and it is also much faster the higher the molecular weight of the fatty acid present.

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Volume of the original phosphoric acid solution is 375.133 ml.

What is phosphoric acid?
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid, or phosphoric(V) acid, is an inorganic solid with the chemical formula H3PO4 that contains phosphorus. It is frequently found as an 85% aqueous solution, that is a syrupy liquid that is colourless, odourless, and non-volatile. It is a significant industrial chemical that is used in numerous fertilisers. This substance is an acid. The phosphate ion PO 3 4 is produced when all three H+ ions are removed. Dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO 4 and hydrogen phosphate ion HPO24 are produced, respectively, by removing one or two protons. Organophosphates are esters created by phosphoric acid.

Here, we have given two solution with their conc. and volume .
So, formula used to calculate volume is:
M1V1 = M2V2

let, M1 = molarity of phosphoric acid
V1 = volume of phosphoric acid used
M2 = molarity of NaOH
V2 = volume of NaOH used

Now,
7.48 X 10-2  X  V1 = 0.244 x 115
V1 = 0.244 x 115/ 7.48 X 10-2
V1 = 375.133 ml.
Hence, the volume of phosphoric acid is 375.133 ml.

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Thick liquid layer that interacts with an inert carrier gas or mobile phase and is chemically linked to the inside of a capillary column

What is a chromatographic example?

Chromatography Methods

Some forms of liquid chromatography include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography. Ion-exchange, resin, and paper chromatography are a few other varieties of chromatography.

What is the chromatography's fundamental tenet?

Chromatography is one more method for separating and analyzing chemical mixtures. The method is based on the interaction of polarity between the sample and two additional components, the solid (or stationary) phase, and the mobile phase, which can be either a liquid or a gas.

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Answer:10-5mol/l

In the same way, a solution with a pH of 5 contains 10-5mol/l of hydrogen ions, a solution with a pH of 6 contains 10-6mol/l of hydrogen ions, while the solution with a pH of 7 contains 10-7mol/l of hydrogen ions.

Explanation:

This reaction's molecular equation is NaF(aq) + HCl(aq) ==> NaCl(aq) + HF (aq) Because HF is a weak acid, we won't ionize it and will instead write the following net ionic equation: H+(aq) plus F-(aq) equals HF (aq)

By dissolving all soluble ionic chemicals (those denoted with a (aq)) into their corresponding ions, the ionic equation can be written. To demonstrate that an ion is present in solution, it should be displayed with its charge and a (aq). To display the quantity of each ion present, use coefficients.

A chemical equation known as a net ionic equation only includes the ions that are undergoing chemical change as the reaction progresses.

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Answer:

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

Double-displacement reaction

too ezyyy

Explanation: