n a molecule having three pairs of electrons around a central atom and a trigonal planar shape, how many lone pairs of electrons does the central atom have?

Since heat was moving through the system, the reaction would be endothermic. As heat left the water and entered the system, the temperature of the water bath would decrease.

A piston that is housed inside a cylinder and utilized in a gasoline engine with many sections. A piston is a rotating disk that is encased in a cylinder and sealed off from the atmosphere by piston rings. As a liquid or gas inside the cylinder expands and compresses, the disk moves inside the cylinder.

Energy is needed to break the bonds in chemical reactions, and energy is released when new bonds form as a result of the process. In contrast to endothermic reactions, which absorb energy, exothermic reactions release energy.

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The overall cell reaction and e°cell at 25°c of a galvanic cell made of a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution and a pb electrode in a 1.0 m pb(no3)2 solution. D.) Pb2+(aq) + Zn(s) > Pb(s) + Zn2+(aq), In order for the cell to be galvanic, the overall cell potential must be a positive value and it must have redox half-cell reactions. The oxidation/reduction half-cell reactions occur as follows. Zn  →  Zn2+  +  2e-                                 E0 = -(-0.76) V

 (We reversed this because it is an oxidation reaction (as Zn oxidised with ease when compared to Pb), and the other is

Pb2+  +  2 e-  →  Pb                                E0 = -0.13 V  (Reduction reaction).

A galvanic cell or voltaic cell is an electrochemical device that uses spontaneous redox reactions to transform chemical energy into electrical energy. Gadget cell The voltaic cell is an electrochemical device that uses chemical reactions to produce electricity. An electrochemical cell called a galvanic cell can generate electricity through a chemical reaction. In an electrolytic cell, a chemical reaction is propagated by an electric current. In this cell, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. Chemical energy is transformed from electrical energy by it. The anode of a galvanic cell will receive electrons as they enter. The anode is negatively charged because electrons are positively charged particles. The cathode operates similarly.

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The theoretical yield of sodium bromide is 82.21 g.

Theoretical yield :

Sodium bromide formed from the reaction of 64.7g of hydrobromic acid and 53.4g of sodium hydroxide.

molecular weight of hydrobromic acid ( HBr ) = 80.9119 g/mol

molecular weight of Sodium bromide ( NaBr) = 102.894 g/mol

Now,

If 80.9 g of hydrobromic acid form 102.8 g of sodium bromide

∴ 64.7 g of hydrobromic acid form  ( ? ) g of sodium bromide

 = (64.7 × 102.8) / 80.9

 = 82.21 g of sodium bromide

So, 82.21 g of Sodium bromide formed from the reaction of 64.7g of hydrobromic acid and 53.4g of sodium hydroxide.

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The osmotic pressure, π , of a solution of glucose is 88.0 atm . the molarity of the solution at 298 K  is 3.60 mol/ L

given that :

osmotic pressure of glucose = 88.0 atm

temperature = 298 K

the expression for the osmotic pressure is as follows :

π = i M R T

where ,

i = van't hoff's factor = 1

R = constant = 0.082 L atm / mol K

T = temperature = 298 K

π = osmotic pressure = 88.0 atm

M = molarity = ?

M = π / i RT

M = 88 / ( 1 × 0.082 × 298 )

M = 88 / 24.43

M = 3.60 mol /L

Thus, the molarity of solution is 3.60 mol/L

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NAD+ + malate → NADH + oxaloacetate

The reaction is catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase, and is initiated by the binding of histidine (abbreviated as :b.:b.) to the enzyme. The reaction proceeds as follows:

:b.:b. + malate → :b.:b. malate

NAD+ + :b.:b. malate → NADH + oxaloacetate

What is Malate?

Malate is a type of organic acid found naturally in many plants, including apples and oranges. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle, a biochemical process by which energy is released from food molecules. Malate is also used as a food additive to enhance flavor and color and is often added to sports drinks and other beverages.

Define Histidine?

Histidine is an essential amino acid that is found in proteins. It is important for growth and repair of tissues, and it helps regulate the acid-base balance in the body. Histidine is also important for the production of both red and white blood cells, and it has roles in the nervous system, immune system, and digestive system.

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Lewis structure of NO⁻, NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻ are attached to this answere below.

The higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and thus the shorter the bond.

The bond order for NO⁻ is  [tex]\frac{3 electrons}{1 bonding.group}[/tex] = 3/1 = 3

The bond order for  NO₂⁻ is [tex]\frac{3 electrons}{2 bonding.group}[/tex] = 3/2 = 1.5

The bond order for NO₃⁻ is [tex]\frac{4 electrons}{3 bonding.group}[/tex] = 4/3 = 1.33

Here, you can see the bond order decreases as the number of oxygens in these compounds increases and we know higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and thus the shorter the bond.

So, NO₃⁻ has lowest bond order that means it has longest and weak bond After NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻ comes and it has stronger bond than  NO₃⁻ and shorter Bond length than  NO₃⁻. NO⁻ has shortest and strongest bond among all three.

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Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) is a chemical compound formed from aluminum and chloride.

Aluminum chloride is a chemical compound that, while uncontaminated, is a white solid and, when contaminated with iron chloride, a yellow powder. The periodic table's group 13 and period 3 elements of aluminum and group 17 and period 3 elements of chlorine make up the entire formula for aluminum chloride.

Aluminum and chlorine ions combine to form aluminum chloride, a neutral ionic compound. Aluminum chloride has zero net charge overall. The chloride anion is a negatively charged ion Cl⁻, whereas the aluminum cation is a positively charged ion Al³⁺. The aluminium cation, which has three of its valence electrons transferred to chlorine, has more protons than electrons. Although it only requires one electron to reach the electron configuration of the noble gas argon, chlorine cannot accept more than one electron.

Hence, aluminum chloride is a neutral chemical compound

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With the temperature and amount of gas remaining constant, the new pressure for a sample of gas with a volume of 5.75 l at 425 mmHg is 562 mmHg. We can use gas constant.

The force applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is spread is known as pressure (symbol: p or P). The pressure relative to the surrounding air is known as gauge pressure, sometimes spelled gauge pressure. The sign R or R stands for the molar gas constant, also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant. It is the Boltzmann constant's molar equivalent, measured in units of energy per degree of temperature increment and amount of substance. According to Boyle's rule, pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature and gas volume, hence P1V1 = P2V2 P2=P1V1 /V2 V1 = beginning gas volume = 5.75 L V2 = final gas volume = 7.60 L.

P1 = 425 mmHg initial gas pressure

If we plug the value P2= 425*7.60/5.75 = 561.7 mmHg, the answer is the fourth choice at 562 mmHg.

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London force best explains the following trend - element b.p. (k) He 4 Ne 25 Ar 95 Kr 125 Xe 170.

The least powerful intermolecular force is the London dispersion force. When the electrons in two nearby atoms occupy positions that cause the atoms to temporarily form dipoles, the consequence is the London dispersion force, a transient attractive force. The term "induced dipole-induced dipole attraction" is frequently used to describe this effect. When the temperature is sufficiently dropped, London forces—attractive forces—cause nonpolar substances to condense into liquids and to freeze into solids.

When an atom or molecule's electrons are dispersed asymmetrically around the nucleus, an instantaneous (temporary) dipole can form due to the electrons' continual mobility.

Thus London force best explains the following trend- element b.p. (k) he 4 Ne 25 Ar 95 Kr 125 Xe 170.

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1.875M is the molarity of an HCl solution if it takes 25.00 ml of a 0.750 m NaOH solution to neutralize 10.00 ml of the HCl solution

The Balanced reaction for the equation is given by:

HCl+NaOH⇌H₂O+NaCl

It is given that the molarity of NaOH is 0.750M, the volume of HCl is 25ml, the volume of HCl to be neutralized is 10ml.

Then, By titration:

We know that,

Molarity = n/V

n = Molarity x V

0.025 L of 0.750 mol/L of NaOH = No of moles of NaOH

No of moles NaOH = 0.025 x 0.750

No of moles of NaOH = 0.01875 mol

Then it can be written that,

0.01875 mol NaOH and 1 mol HCl/1 mol NaOH = 0.01875 mol HCl

Now,

0.01875 mol HCl / 0.010 L = 1.875M HCl

Therefore, the molarity is 1.875M

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The energy lost or gained by the reaction is 732.2 J.

Combustion enthalpy

The amount of heat that is evolved when a substance is burnt in the air at a constant pressure is known as the combustion enthalpy of the substance. Combustion enthalpy can be absorbed by another substance to raise its temperature and that can be determined by using the specific heat capacity of that substance.

Given,

Mass of CH₄ = 3.50 g

Mass of water, m = 35 g

Specific heat of the water = 4.184 J/g°C

T₁ = 25°C

T₂ = 35°C

Determine the heat absorbed by water by using the formula,

c = Q/[m(T₂-T₁)]

⇒ Q = cm(T₂ - T₁)

⇒ Q = 4.184 × 35 × (30 - 25)

⇒ Q = 4.184 × 35 × 5

⇒ Q = 732.2 J

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a 2.25 g sample of magnesium nitrate contains 0.0152 mol of this compound.

The given amount of sample is 2.25 g.

The given sample is Mg(NO3)2.

The molar mass of Mg(NO3)2 is the sum of the atomic mass of each atom present in Mg(NO3)2.

The molar mass of Mg(NO3)2 is 148.3 g/mol.

The mole of Mg(NO3)2 is determined as follows:

Mole= Mass/Molar mass

On substituting known values;

Mole= 2.25g/148.3g/mol

Mole=0.0152mol

So, the mole magnesium nitrate is 0.0152.

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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.

Resonance structures are a collection of two or more Lewis structures that together represent the electronic bonding of a single polyatomic species, including fractional bonds and fractional charges.

When a single Lewis formula with an integral number of covalent bonds is used, resonance structures can describe delocalized electrons that cannot be described by that formula.

Are there any partial charges in resonance hybrids?

There must never be any net formal charge in a resonance structure. The net partial charge on an atom, on the other hand, is the weighted average of the formal plus partial charges on that atom in each resonance contributor. Individual atoms, however, may have partial formal charges.

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The phosphor coating is shadowed when a metal form is placed in the center of the tube.

The majority of the light emitted by fluorescent lamps is created by phosphor layers, which are also used to balance the light from metal halide lamps. To create multiple light hues, neon signs employ phosphor layers.

The richest sources of phosphorus include dairy, red meat, poultry, shellfish, legumes, and nuts, while phosphorus is naturally present in a wide range of foods. It is referred to as organic phosphorus when it is present in certain meals. Foods from animals and plants both facilitate its absorption more effectively.

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When the alkanes below are chlorinated they produce 3 monochloro substitution products. These isomers have the same chemical formula, but their atoms arrangements are different.

What are constitutional versus isomeric isomers?

Although structural (constitutional) isomers share the same chemical formula but their atoms are bonded in a different way. Stereoisomers have the same atomic configurations and chemical formulae. The groups' spatial orientation is the only thing which distinguishes the molecules distinguishes them from one another.

What are instances of stereoisomers?

According to the general definition of stereoisomers, stereoisomers are isomers with the same composition (i.e., the same parts), but different orientations in space. Stereoisomers are of two different types which are enantiomers and diastereomers.

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The atomic mass of the element, to 4 significant figures is  69.72 amu and the element is Gallium.

A mass for an atom is called its atomic mass. The unified atomic mass unit, which is not a SI unit but rather a non-SI counterpart of the dalton, is a common way to represent atomic mass, even though the kilogram is the SI unit of mass. A carbon-12 atom that is unbound and in its ground state has a mass of 112 of a gramme (Da). The single atom of a chemical element has a mass known as the atomic mass. Protons, neutrons, and electrons, three subatomic atomic particles with atomic masses, are involved.

With the chemical symbol Ga and atomic number 31, gallium is one of the elements. Gallium, a member of the periodic table's group 13 and a metal, was first discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875.

abundance of second isotope = (100 - 60.11) = 39.89 %

atomic mass of element = 68.9255 * (60.11 / 100) + 70.9247 * (39.89 / 100)

                                         = 69.72 amu (answer)

since the atomic mass of the element, 69.72 amu, matches that of gallium.

so, name of the element is Gallium and symbol is Ga

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The heat of reaction when 44.4 ml of 1.3M nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6M sodium hydroxide is 1.65 KJ/mol.

The neutralization reaction of HNO₃ and NaOH takes place according to the reaction as,

HNO₃+ NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O

So, as we can see, one mole of HNO₃ reats completely with one mole of NaOH.

The heat of reaction is the heat the heat released when one mole of HNO₃ completely reacts with one mole of NaOH. For one mole, the heat of reaction is 53.7 KJ/mol

Now, in this case 44.4 ml of 1.3M nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6M sodium hydroxide.

So, millimoles of HNO₃ are 57.59 millimoles.

Now, millimoles of NaOH are 30.9 millimoles.

So, because NaOH is limiting reagent, so,

The heat of the reaction will be,

Heat of reaction = 53.7 x 1000 x 30.9/1000

Heat of reaction = 1.65 KJ/mol.

So, the heat of the reaction is 1.65 KJ/mol.

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The reaction is exothermic and therefore the temperature of the water bath go up.

A chemical reaction involves the movement of energy to or from the environment.

An exothermic reaction occurs when energy is transmitted to the environment, increasing temperature.

As a result, the bath's temperature will increase.

The solution is hence "out."

We know the released energy = work + heat supplied to the bath

Clearly,

heat = energy - work

= (390 - 117) kJ

= 273 kJ

Thus, when the energy is absorbed by the system, a positive sign is assigned.

Therefore, the reaction absorb energy.

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The formal charge on Nitrogen in no3- is 1.

The number of electrons that an atom "owns" is subtracted from the overall number of valence electrons to determine the formal charge that is given to it. The total of the unshared valence electrons plus half of the shared valence electrons is the number of electrons that are considered to be "owned" by a particular element.

Formal charge =( valence electrons - Non-bonding electrons-Bonding electrons/2)

For Nitrogen  =  5 - 0 - 8/2

= +1

For single bonded oxygen = 6 - 6 -  2/2

=  -1

For double bonded oxygen = 6 - 4 -  4/2

= 0

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Answer:

depends on what the substance is for example iron has a 2,800F melting point

Explanation:

Number of moles is 0.202 mol.

The balanced equation for a reaction is represented as follows:

6 NaNO, (aq) +3 H₂SO₄, (aq) -> 4 NO(g)+2HNO, (aq)+2 H₂O (D)+3 Na SO, (aq) The number of moles of nitrogen oxide (NO) can be calculated using ideal gas equation which is represented as follows:

PV =NRT

Here,

P =pressure of a sample of gas

V = volume of a sample of gas

N = number of moles of gas present

T= absolute temperature

R =universal gas constant= 0.08206 L atm mol⁻¹ k⁻¹

The equation is solved for and then substituted with known values as follows:

no of moles := PV/RT = (0.970*5.00) / (0.08206 *293) =0.202 mol

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Due to the interatomic Si-O bonds' substantial covalent character and directionality, which restricts the efficiency of atom packing, silicate materials have relatively low densities.

By sharing electrons among nearby atoms, covalent bonds produce a stable electron configuration. At least one electron from each atom will be shared by two atoms that are covalently connected. A 3D structure is created. The bonds between atoms are very directional because electrons are shared between them. Because of this directionality, atomic packing is less dense and results in low density.

The second most plentiful element on earth, silicon, is a crucial component of the mineral world. Due to its solid tetrahedral structure, it is very adaptable and used in a variety of ways in our daily lives.

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The Lone pairs present in trigonal bipyramidal electron pair geometry always occupies equatorial position.

In the trigonal bipyramidal electron pair geometry, the electrons which do not forms Bond with any other atom are called lone pair of electron.

These lone pair of electrons generally goes to the equatorial position of the geometry.

They do so because the equatorial geometry provides them the maximum stability as we know that The Lone pair-lone pair repulsion is more than the bond-pair Bond pair repulsion.

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The ∆ H of combustion reaction of C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂(g) => 6CO₂(g) +6H₂O(g) is -42.6 kJ

Given

Heat capacity of glucose= 5.68 kj/°c

The mass of glucose = 1.652 g

Temperature changes  =  24.56°C to 29.10°C

q = C mass ∆T

q = ∆ H

q = (5.68)(1.652)(29.1-24.56)

q = -42.6 kj

The heat energy released when one mole of a substance burns entirely in oxygen is known as the enthalpy of combustion of a substance. The temperature rise is measured as fuel burns. Calculating the enthalpy change of the reaction can be done using the mass of fuel that corresponds to the rise in temperature. Because combustion processes are exothermic, the enthalpy change (∆ H) value is always negative.

Hence, combustion reaction is exothermic reaction.

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The release of energy from a spontaneous reaction can be put to good use. The reaction must be divided into the oxidation and reduction reactions, two independent half-reactions, in order to capture this energy. '

It only makes sense that electrons move from the electrode with a higher negative charge to the electrode with a higher positive charge since the anode and cathode are opposites of each other. The anode is one electrode where the oxidation half-reaction takes place, while the cathode is the electrode where the reduction half-reaction takes place.

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For the electron in the hydrogen atom, the sets of observable below are compatible observable is-

The total energy, the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum and its component along the z-axis.

A hydrogen atom has one positively charged proton and one negatively charged electron, making it overall neutral. The hydrogen ion has an electric charge of one when it loses that one electron to become an ion.

In hydrogen gas, each hydrogen molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms that are bound together. Similarly, two oxygen atoms combine to form an oxygen molecule.

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The right response to the preceding question is: "Repulsive forces on each other or the container walls, both of which are postulates."

The Kinetic Molecular Theory's five fundamental tenets are as follows:

1. The molecules that make up gases are constantly moving, moving straight forward, and only changing direction when they clash with other molecules or the walls of a container.

2. The gas's constituent molecules are minuscule in comparison to the spaces between them.

3. Molecules in a gas collide with the container walls to exert pressure on the walls of the container.

4. Since gas molecules are not attracted to or repelled by the container walls, their collisions are not caused by these forces.

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The kinetic atomic theory does not postulate or assume any of the aforementioned postulates.

In physics, collision, which is also known as impact, is the abrupt, violent coming together in close proximity or two substances, such as two pool cues, a club and a shot, a mallet and a nail, two train carriages when linked, or a falling item and a floor.

Road rage is the primary reason for car accidents. Speeding, disobeying traffic signs, making incorrect turns, and operating a vehicle while inebriated or on the influence of drugs are significant risk factors for car accidents.

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Buckminster fullerene is choice (c). A network solid is a substance that contains atoms bound together by covalent bonds in a continuous network that permeates the entire substance.

Diamond is a typical example of a network solid (a form of pure carbon) At normal temperature, carbon occurs in three different states as a pure element: graphite (the most stable state), diamond, and fullerene.

Coal, which is mostly composed of carbon, is used as a fuel. Graphite is used for electrodes, dry cells, high temperature crucibles, pencil tips, and lubricants. Due to their extreme hardness, diamonds are employed in both jewelry and industrial.

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The pressure of the gas using the ideal gas equation and by using the van der Waals equation is 2.52 atm and 0.164 atm.

Ideal gas equation is defined as the state equation for a fictitious perfect gas. Although it has significant drawbacks, it is a decent approximation of the behavior of many gases under various conditions.

Given n = 3.21 moles

V = 5.22 L

T = 50 °C

R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1

a = 4.17 atm L2 mol-2

b = 0.0371 L mol-1

Ideal gas equation

PV = nRT

P = nRT / V

P = 3.21 x 0.0821 x 50.0 / 5.22

P = 2.52 atm

Van der Waals equation

P = RT / V - b - a / V²

P = 0.0821 x 50.0 / 5.22 - 0.0371 - 4.17 / ( 5.22 )²

P = 0.317 - 0.153

P = 0.164 atm

Thus, the pressure of the gas using the ideal gas equation and by using the van der Waals equation is 2.52 atm and 0.164 atm.

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Entropy change is typically 160.6 J/K.

ΔH°reaction=∑ΔH°f(reactants)+∑ΔH°f(reactants)

The entropy content of one mole of a pure substance at a standard condition of pressure and any desired temperature is known as the standard molar entropy in chemistry. These are frequently (but not always) used as the typical temperature and pressure.

Take an energy reading at a given temperature to calculate entropy. To quantify thermal energy transmitted (q) at a particular temperature, a calorimeter is typically used. Maintain the temperature value mathematically constant by assuming only extremely slight variations in the process's conditions.

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