Match each cell organelle with its description.

Heliocentric model  represents the copernican model that is most similar to that of Aristarchus

Aristarchus of samos was an ancient greek astronomer who proposed that the Earth revolves round the Sun, suggesting a heliocentric model of the solar system. However, his model did not gain widespread acceptance during his time and the geocentric model prevailed for many centuries.

The heliocentric model later reintroduced and developed by NIcolaus Copernicus in the 16th century. Heliocentric model placed the sun at the center of the solar system, with the planets, including Earth, orbiting around it.

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a.  The production of carbon dioxide is important in bread-making because it is responsible for the rising of the dough and the formation of air pockets in the bread.

b.   The process occurring at G is fermentation, specifically alcoholic fermentation

c. The changes at G are caused by the activity of yeast or other microorganisms present in the dough.

d.  The microorganism involved in bread-making is yeast.

a. Because it causes the dough to rise and the creation of air pockets in the bread, carbon dioxide production is crucial while baking bread. Through the process of fermentation, which involves the breakdown of the dough's carbohydrates by yeast or other microbes, carbon dioxide is created as a byproduct. The dough expands as a result of the trapped carbon dioxide gas, giving the baked bread its light and airy quality.

(b) The process occurring at G is fermentation in particular  alcoholic fermentation where the yeast or other microorganisms metabolize the sugars in the dough and produce carbon dioxide and ethanol as byproducts.

The process occurring at H is the conversion of starch into maltose and glucose.

(c) These microorganisms uses the sugars in the dough as a source of energy and produce carbon dioxide and ethanol as metabolic byproducts. The carbon dioxide is responsible for the rising of the dough, while the ethanol evaporates during baking.

(d) The microorganism involved in bread-making is yeast and we know Yeast belongs to the group of organisms called fungi.

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The medical term for the definition "abnormal condition of stiffness in the joints" is "ankylosis."

1. Abnormal: The term "abnormal" refers to something that deviates from the normal or usual state.

2. Condition: In medical terminology, "condition" is used to describe the state or situation of a specific aspect of health.

3. Stiffness: Stiffness indicates the lack of ease or flexibility in movement or the resistance to motion in joints.

4. Joints: Joints are the connections between bones that allow movement and flexibility in the body.

5. Putting it all together: Combining these terms, the medical term that describes an abnormal condition of stiffness in the joints is called "ankylosis."

Ankylosis is a term used to describe a pathological condition characterized by the abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the joints. It is often associated with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory joint diseases. Ankylosis can lead to restricted movement and loss of function in the affected joints. Treatment options for ankylosis aim to manage the underlying cause, reduce inflammation, and improve joint mobility. Physical therapy, medications, and in severe cases, surgical interventions may be recommended to alleviate the symptoms and restore joint function. It is important for individuals experiencing joint stiffness or limited mobility to seek medical attention for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the underlying condition causing the ankylosis.

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The system that gives body structure, shape, and protects the inner organs is the skeleton. (Skeletal system)

2. The system that breaks down food for the rest of the body to use to make energy is the Digestive system. (Digestive System)

3. This system allow the body to move ( Muscular system)

4. This system controls everything in the body by communicating all throughout other systems ( Nervous System)

5.: This system filters the waste and removes toxins from the blood ( excretory system)

6. This system transports all nutrients, wastes, oxygen, carbon dioxide and everything else throughout the blood ( cardiovascular system)

7. This system exchanges gases: oxygen for carbon dioxide ( respiratory system)

8. This system allows for life to be continued through fertilization and development of another human beings or species ( Reproductive system)

9. This system serves as protective barrier from the outside world and helps to regulate body temperature ( integumentary system)

These are systems that work together to maintain its overall function and well-being. They work together to maintain homeostasis, ensuring the body functions optimally. Some of the systems are listed above.

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Sitting around a campfire and roasting marshmallows involves the transfer of thermal energy through convection. The rising hot air currents carry heat from the fire to your surroundings, providing warmth, and contribute to the cooking of marshmallows through the transfer of heat to their surface.

When sitting with friends around a campfire and roasting marshmallows, the transfer of thermal energy involved in the system is an example of convection.

Convection is a mode of heat transfer that occurs through the movement of fluids, such as liquids or gases. In this scenario, the fluid involved is the air surrounding the campfire. As the fire burns, it releases heat, which warms the surrounding air molecules. The heated air molecules become less dense and rise, creating an upward flow known as a convection current.

As you sit near the campfire, you feel the warmth on your face and body. This is because the rising hot air from the fire carries thermal energy and transfers it to your skin. The air molecules in direct contact with your body heat up, creating a sensation of warmth. The continuous movement of hot air rising and cooler air replacing it creates a cycle of convection, facilitating the transfer of heat from the fire to your surroundings.

When roasting marshmallows over the campfire, convection also plays a role. The rising hot air currents can come into contact with the marshmallow, transferring heat to its surface. This helps in the cooking process, as the heat from the convection currents helps to brown and melt the marshmallow evenly.

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Scientists can infer that snakes once had legs through a variety of methods, despite not having direct DNA samples from snakes 150 million years ago.

One approach is to study the fossil record. Fossils of ancient snake relatives, such as primitive snakes like Najash rionegrina and Pachyrhachis problematicus, have been discovered with well-preserved limb bones. These fossils exhibit clear evidence of reduced but functional limbs, providing a link between snakes and their legged ancestors.

Comparative anatomy is another powerful tool. By examining the anatomy of modern snakes, scientists can identify vestigial structures, such as pelvic spurs and remnants of hind limb bones, which are remnants of their legged past. These structures serve no functional purpose in snakes but are homologous to the limbs of other reptiles.

Additionally, developmental biology studies contribute to our understanding. Embryological studies of snakes have shown that during early stages of development, snake embryos display limb buds similar to other reptiles.

However, these limb buds regress and do not fully develop. By comparing this process with other reptiles' limb development, scientists can deduce that snakes have a genetic program for limb development that has been modified over time.

Combining evidence from fossils, comparative anatomy, and developmental biology, scientists can confidently conclude that snakes once possessed legs and subsequently underwent evolutionary changes resulting in the loss of their limbs around 150 million years ago.

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Answer:

Interbreeding, morphological similarity, genetic similarity, shared ecology, and fossil records.

Explanation:

An animal is any member of the kingdom of Animalia, comprising multicellular organisms that have well-defined shape and usually limited growth, can move voluntarily, actively acquire food and digest it internally, and have sensory and nervous systems that allow them to respond rapidly to stimuli: some classification schemes also include protozoa and certain other single-celled eukaryotes that have motility and animal like nutritional modes.  

Species, on the other hand, is one of the classes of things included with other classes of a genus.

Animals that can successfully reproduce and produce fertile offspring are generally classified as the same species. The ability to interbreed indicates a shared gene pool and evolutionary path.

Animals with very similar physical forms, anatomies and characteristics are often considered the same species. This includes features like body shape, body covering, number of limbs, sense organs, etc.

Animals with highly similar DNA sequences, especially in their protein-coding genes, are often classified as the same species. A threshold of around 97-99% genetic similarity is typically used.

Animals that occupy the same ecological niche and have similar basic life functions (feeding, breathing, reproducing) tend to be grouped in the same species. They often depend on the same resources.

Paleontologists study fossilized remains to trace how animal forms have changed over time. Animals that show continuity in morphology and range over successive fossil layers are often classified as the same evolving species.