Answer:
Marilyn County
1. Journal Entries:
1. January 1, 2013,
Debit Capital Projects Fund $1,000,000
Credit General Obligation Bonds Payable $1,000,000
To record the issuance of bonds, payable in 20 equal semiannual installments of $50,000 over a 10-year period commencing October 1, 2013, with interest of 4 percent per annum paid on the outstanding debt.
2. May 1,
Debit Capital Projects Fund $20,000
Credit General Fund $20,000
To fund the additional project costs.
3. July 1
Debit Construction of Community Center $1,020,000
Credit Capital Projects Fund $1,020,000.
To record the payment to the contractors for completed construction of Community Center with estimated 20 years useful life.
4. September 30, 2013
Debit Debt Service Fund $70,000
Credit General Fund $70,000
To transfer funds for debt service.
5. October 1:
Debit Bonds Payable $50,000
Debit Interest on Bonds Expense $20,000
Credit Debt Service Fund $70,000
To record the payment of the debt service with semi-annual interest.
2. Governmental activities column of the government- wide financial statements:
Capital assets $1,020,000
Reduction of Liabilities $950,000 ($1,000,000 - $50,000)
Payment of debt service and interest $70,000
3. December 31, 2013, government-wide statement of net position
Investment in capital assets, $1,020,000
Related debt (950,000)
Invested capital assets, net $70,000
4. December 31, 2014, government-wide statement of net position
Investment in capital assets, $1,020,000
Related debt (850,000)
Invested capital assets, net $170,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis:
1. January 1, 2013, Capital Projects Fund $1,000,000 General Obligation Bonds Payable $1,000,000
2. May 1, Capital Projects Fund $20,000 General Fund $20,000
3. July 1 Construction Contract $1,020,000 Capital Projects Fund $1,020,000.
4. September 30, 2013 Debt Service Fund $70,000 General Fund $70,000
5. October 1, Bonds Payable $50,000 Interest on Bonds Expense $20,000 ($1,000,000 * 4% * 6/12) Debt Service Fund $70,000
Problem 10-01A a-c (Video) (Part Level Submission)
On January 1, 2020, the ledger of Sheffield Corp. contains the following liability accounts.
Accounts Payable
$50,400
Sales Taxes Payable
7,500
Uneamed Service Revenue 16,500
During January, the following selected transactions occurred.
Jan. 5 Sold merchandise for cash totaling $20,520, which includes 8% sales taxes.
12 Performed services for customers who had made advance payments of $10,000. (Credit Service Revenue.)
14 Paid state revenue department for sales taxes collected in December 2019 ($7,500).
Sold 930 units of a new product on credit at $50 per unit, plus 8% sales tax.
21 Borrowed $22,500 from Girard Bank on a 3-month, 8%, $22,500 note.
25 Sold merchandise for cash totaling $12,420, which includes 8% sales taxes.
20
(a)
Journalize the January transactions. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent m.
in the problem.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Ahsan Company makes 60,000 units per year of a part it uses in the products it manufactures. The unit product cost of this part is computed as follows: Direct materials $12.60 Direct labor 17.20 Variable manufacturing overhead 4.10 Fixed manufacturing overhead 15.00 Unit product cost $48.90 An outside supplier has offered to sell the company all of these parts it needs for $69.70 a unit. If the company accepts this offer, the facilities now being used to make the part could be used to make more units of a product that is in high demand. The additional contribution margin on this other product would be $319,600 per year. If the part were purchased from the outside supplier, all of the direct labor cost of the part would be avoided. However, $4.30 of the fixed manufacturing overhead cost being applied to the part would continue even if the part were purchased from the outside supplier. This fixed manufacturing overhead cost would be applied to the company's remaining products. How much of the unit product cost of $48.90 is relevant in the decision of whether to make or buy the part? Multiple Choice $44.60 $17.20 $69.70
Answer:
Ahsan Company
Only $44.60 of the unit product cost of $48.90 is relevant in the decision of whether to make or buy the part.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Annual units of parts produced = 60,000
Unit product costs:
Direct materials $12.60
Direct labor 17.20
Variable manufacturing overhead 4.10
Fixed manufacturing overhead 15.00
Unit product cost $48.90
Outside supplier's offer price per unit = $69.70
Relevant /avoidable costs:
Direct materials $12.60
Direct labor 17.20
Variable manufacturing overhead 4.10
Fixed manufacturing overhead 10.70
Unit product cost $44.60
Opportunity cost ($319,600/60,000) 5.33
Total avoidable/relevant costs/unit $49.93
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
What techniques can you use to control inventory costs?
(economic order, Just in time, Carrying) ______ quantity indicates the minimum quantity of goods to reach before reordering inventory.
(Reliable Stock, Safety Stock, Scheduled Stock) _____ is the quantity of goods to keep as a buffer to utilize in times of emergency.
Answer:
First one: Economic Order; Second One: Safety Stock
Explanation:
I know the second one's right because it frequently shows up on PLATO modules for business. The first one is economic order according to investopedia.com. I looked up both carrying quantity and just in time quantity, too-- it seems as carrying quantity isn't a thing, and just in time quantity focuses on decreasing waste. See my comments on your question for quotes from the source.
Hope this helps you!!
please help me out with this problem
Answer: organizing
Explanation:
Petty Cash Fund Entries
Journalize the entries to record the following:
Check No. 12-375 is issued to establish a petty cash fund of $500.
The amount of cash in the petty cash fund is now $40. Check No. 12-476 is issued to replenish the fund, based on the following summary of petty cash receipts: office supplies, $212; miscellaneous selling expense, $156; miscellaneous administrative expense, $61. (Because the amount of the check to replenish the fund plus the balance in the fund do not equal $500, record the discrepancy in the cash short and over account.)
Petty Cash Fund Entries
Journalize the entries to record the following:
Check No. 12-375 is issued to establish a petty cash fund of $500.
The amount of cash in the petty cash fund is now $40. Check No. 12-476 is issued to replenish the fund, based on the following summary of petty cash receipts: office supplies, $212; miscellaneous selling expense, $156; miscellaneous administrative expense, $61. (Because the amount of the check to replenish the fund plus the balance in the fund do not equal $500, record the discrepancy in the cash short and over account.)
a. Journalize the entry to establish the petty cash fund. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
b. Journalize the entry to replenish the petty cash fund. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
Answer:
A. Dr Petty cash fund $500
Cr Cash $500
B. Dr Office supplies expenses $212
Dr miscellaneous selling expense $156
Dr miscellaneous administrative expense $61
Dr Cash short and over 31
Cr Petty cash fund $460
Dr Petty cash fund $460
Cr Cash $460
Explanation:
A. Preparation of the journal entry to establish the petty cash fund.
Dr Petty cash fund $500
Cr Cash $500
(To establish the petty cash fund)
B. Preparation of the journal entry to replenish the petty cash fund.
Dr Office supplies expenses $212
Dr miscellaneous selling expense $156
Dr miscellaneous administrative expense $61
Dr Cash short and over 31
($500-$212+$156+61+$40)
Cr Petty cash fund $460
($212+$156+$61+$31)
(To replenish the petty cash fund)
Dr Petty cash fund $460
($212+$156+$61+$31)
Cr Cash $460
You wish to earn a return of 13% on each of two stocks, X and Y. Stock X is expected to pay a dividend of $3 in the upcoming year while Stock Y is expected to pay a dividend of $4 in the upcoming year. The expected growth rate of dividends for both stocks is 7%. The intrinsic value of stock X______
a. cannot be calculated without knowing the market rate of return
b. will be greater than the intrinsic value of stock Y
c. will be the same as the intrinsic value of stock Y
d. will be less than the intrinsic value of stock Y
e. none of the above is a correct answer.
Answer: D. will be less than the intrinsic value of stock Y
Explanation:
Based on the information given above, the intrinsic value of Stock X will be calculated thus:
D1 = Dividend in next year = $3
g = growth rate = 7%
r = = 13%
Therefore, intrinsic value of Stock X will be:
= D1 / (r-g)
= 3 / (13% - 7%)
= 3/6%
= 3 / 0.06
= $50
Therefore, the intrinsic value of stock X is $50.
Intrinsic value of Stock Y will b calculated thus:
D1 = $4
g = 7%
r = 13%
Intrinsic value of Stock Y will be:
= D1 / (r-g)
= 4 / (13% - 7%)
= 4/6%
= 4 / 0.06
= 66.67
Intrinsic value of Stock Y is $66.67
Therefore, the intrinsic value of Stock X will be less than the intrinsic value of Stock Y
For financial reporting, Clinton Poultry Farms has used the declining-balance method of depreciation for conveyor equipment acquired at the beginning of 2018 for $2,592,000. Its useful life was estimated to be six years with a $168,000 residual value. At the beginning of 2021, Clinton decides to change to the straight-line method. The effect of this change on depreciation for each year is as follows: ($ in 1000)
Year Straight-Line Declining Balance Difference
2018 $404 $864 $460
2019 404 576 172
2020 404 384 (20)
$1,212 $1,824 $612
Required:
Prepare any 2013 journal entry related to the change.
Answer:
Dr Accumulated Depreciation $612
Cr Retained Earnings $612
Explanation:
Preparation of journal entry related to the change.
Based on the information given the Journa entry related to the change is:
Dr Accumulated Depreciation $612
Cr Retained Earnings $612
($1,212-$1,824)
( To record the change of depreciation methods)
Roger must create a feasibility study to see how the money from the investor could be spent to best enhance the business's money-making potential. He knows there are several things that should go in the plan, but some are unnecessary. Which of the following does NOT belong in the feasibility study?
Answer: quality plan
Explanation:
A feasibility study is used to know if a project is feasible and therefore worth undertaking or not. It is an analysis that takes into consideration of all the factors that are relevant to the project into account. These factors include the technical, economic, legal, political factors etc in order to ascertain if the project will be successful.
The option that doesn't belong in the feasibility study is the quality plan. This isn't part of the feasibility study and therefore is the correct option. Other options belong in the feasibility study.
Quality plan: A feasibility study is used to know if a project is possible and therefore worth undertaking or not.
Who is Investor
It is an analysis that takes into consideration all the elements that are relevant to the project into account. These characteristics include the technical, economic, legal, political factors, etc. to ascertain if the assignment will be successful.
When The option that doesn't belong in the feasibility study is the quality plan. This isn't part of the feasibility study and therefore is the correct option. Other choices belong in the feasibility study.
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In a closed economy, saving and investment must be equal, but this is not the case in an open economy. In the following problem, you will explore how saving and investment are connected to the international flow of capital and goods in an economy. Before delving into the relationship between these various components of an economy, you will be asked to recall some relationships between aggregate variables that will be useful in your analysis.
Recall the components that makeup GDP. National income (Y) equals total expenditure on the economy's output of goods and services. Thus, where C= consumption, I= investment, G =government purchases, X=exports, M =imports, and NX= net exports.
Y= _____
Also, national saving is the income of the nation that is left after paying for _____. Therefore, national saving (S) equals:
S=_____
Rearranging the previous equation and solving for Y yields, Y= _____ Plugging this into the original equation showing the various components of GDP results in the following relationship:
S=_____
Answer:
Y = C + I + G + NX
S = Y - C
S = I + G + NX
Explanation:
National Income Y = C + I + G + NX ; {where consumption, investment, government purchases, net exports ie exports - imports are corresponding expenditure of households, firms, government, rest of the world}
National Saving (S) is income (Y) left after paying for consumption (C) . So, S = Y - C
Using above equations, Y = C + S , Y = C + I + G + NX
C + S = C + I + G + NX
So, S = I + G + NX
XYZ Insurance Company uses class rating to determine the rate to charge for insurance.
For one type of insurance the pure premium XYZ actuaries calculated is $75 per unit.
If XYZ's expense ratio is 30%, what is the gross rate for this coverage?
O a. $107.14
O b. $96.28
O C. $85.19
O d. $115.62
Answer: a. $107.14
Explanation:
The gross rate for insurance coverage represents the amount that the insurance provider needs to pay for losses as well as the amount needed to pay for expenses such as sales expenses and still be able to have a profit.
Given the expense ratio and the pure premium is:
= Premium / ( 100 - expense ratio)
= 75 / (100 - 30%)
= $107.14
One out of every ten jobs falls into the marketing category.
True
False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
one out of every ten jobs falls into the marketing category
What are the differences between progressive, regressive and flat taxes?
Answer:
Find answers below.
Explanation:
Taxation can be defined as the involuntary or compulsory fees levied on individuals or business entities by the government to generate revenues used for funding public institutions and activities.
The difference between a progressive, regressive and flat tax are;
1. Progressive taxation: it involves charging individuals having higher incomes a higher percentage of their total income.
- For instance, John pays 30% on $70,000 and Joyce pays 10% on $45.000.
2. Regressive taxation: it involves charging individuals with low incomes a higher percentage of their total income and vice-versa.
- For instance, John pays 15% on $60,000 and Joyce pays 20% on $36,000.
3. Flat tax: it's a tax system which typically involves applying a single tax rate to all levels of income earned by employees, regardless of the amount being earned.
- For example, all of the employees in a country are levied 15% tax on the amount of money earned.
A customer has requested that Lewelling Corporation fill a special order for 2,200 units of product S47 for $38 a unit. While the product would be modified slightly for the special order, product S47's normal unit product cost is $16.90:
Direct materials $ 4.60
Direct labor $ 4.00
Variable manufacturing overhead $ 1.70
Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 6.60
Unit product cost $ 16.90
Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. The special order would have no effect on the company's total fixed manufacturing overhead costs. The customer would like modifications made to product S47 that would increase the variable costs by $1.90 per unit and that would require an investment of $16,000.00 in special molds that would have no salvage value. This special order would have no effect on the company's other sales. The company has ample spare capacity for producing the special order. The annual financial advantage (disadvantage) for the company as a result of accepting this special order should be:_________
a) $40,760
b) ($15,700)
c) $16,200
d) ($2,000)
PLEASE HELP!!
A wholesale company sold one of its trucks for $5,150. The truck cost $28,795 when it was
bought eight years ago.
a. What was the total depreciation on the truck for the eight-year period?
Answer:
the answer is 23,645. i hope this helps :)
Explanation:
has a standard of 2 direct labor hours per unit. The standard wage rate of each worker is $32.50 per hour. In July, the company produced 4,770 units and paid workers $190,000 for a total of 8,940 direct labor hours. Compute the direct labor efficiency variance.
Answer:
$130 Favourable
Explanation:
Given the above information,
Standard hours = 2 × 4770 = 9,540
Actual hours = 8,940
Standard rate = $32.50
Then, Direct labor efficiency variance is computed as
= ( Standard hours allowed for production - Actual hours taken) × Standard rate per direct labor hour
= [(2 × 4,770) - 8,940] × $32.50
= [9,540 - 8,940] × $32.50
= 600 × $32.50
= $130 Favourable
All of the following are criticisms of the payback period criterion EXCEPT Group of answer choices time value of money is not accounted for. it deals with accounting profits as opposed to cash flows. None of the above; they are all criticisms of the payback period criteria. cash flows occurring after the payback are ignored.
Answer:
I dont know
Explanation:
Dman
You sold two EUR futures contract at the closing price on 3/01. Each EUR futures contract requires the delivery of EUR125,000. Suppose, the initial and maintenance margin for each EUR futures contract are $1,500 and $1,000, respectively. Assume that you do not withdraw from your margin account during this period, but that you do meet your margin calls if you get any
Date 3/01 3/02 3/03 3/04
EUR Spot Price $1.3579 $1.3527 $1.3588 $1.3580
July EUR Futures Contract Price $1.3750 $1.3782 $1.3827 $1.3713
The profit / loss posted to your account at the close of 3/02 is ______
Answer:
What
Explanation:
Determine Jennifer's qualified business income deduction if her CPA practice generates qualified business income of $273,800.
Answer: hello your question has some missing details
Jennifer is a CPA and a single taxpayer using the standard deduction. In 2020, her CPA practice generates qualified business income of $162,400 and she has no other income or losses. Jennifer's taxable income before the QBI deduction is $150,000 ($162,400 – $12,400 standard deduction). Jennifer employs an administrative assistant in her practice and pays him $75,000 in wages. The unadjusted basis of depreciable assets employed in the practice totals $30,000.
answer : $0
Explanation:
As per the Taxation rules ; Jennifer been a single taxpayer with a specified service exceeding $2,07,500 for year 2020, makes her ineligible to claim a qualified Business income deduction.
Jennifer's Qualified business income deduction = $0
Firm X develops and licenses its designs to be produced by outside manufacturers. Firm Y develops and manufactures its own designs. If the total invested capital of the two firms is the same, which likely has more equity capital and why
Answer:
Firm X
Explanation:
In simple words, since the firm X is asset heavy they will have more equity capital in their accounts. On average, companies that adopt asset-light models achieve higher profits. Both provide the identical invested capital, but X has more equity wealth so it can have higher returns on investments.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the correct answer is firm X.
On January 1, 2018, the Chaucer’s Restaurant decides to invest in Lake Turner bonds. The bonds mature on December 31, 2023, and pay interest on June 30 and December 31 at 4% annually. The market rate of interest was 4% on January 1, 2018, so the $90,000 maturity value bonds sold for face value. Chaucer’s intends to hold the bonds until December 31, 2023.
Required:
a. Journalize the transactions related to Chaucer’s investment in Lake Turner bonds during 2018.
b. In what category would Chaucer’s report the investment on the December 31, 2018, balance sheet?
Answer:
a)
January 1, 2018
Dr Investment in bonds 90,000
Cr Cash 90,000
June 30, 2018
Dr Cash 1,800
Cr interest revenue 1,800
December 31, 2018
Dr Cash 1,800
Cr interest revenue 1,800
b) This investment must be reported under long term assets since they are classified as Held to Maturity.
Match the accounting terms with the corresponding definitions.
1. Specific identification
2. Materiality concept
3. Last-in, first-out (LIFO)
4. Conservatism
5. Consistency principle
6. Weighted-average
7. Disclosure principle
8. First-in, first-out (FIFO)
a. Treats the oldest inventory purchases as the first units sold.
b. Requires that a company report enough information for outsiders to make knowledgeable decisions.
c. Identifies exactly which inventory item was sold. Usually used for higher cost inventory.
d. Calculates a weighted-average cost based on the cost of goods available for sale and the number of units available.
e. Principle whose foundation is to exercise caution in reporting financial statement items.
f. Treats the most recent/newest purchases as the first units sold.
g. Businesses should use the same accounting methods from period to period.
Answer and Explanation:
The matching is as followS;
1. Option c as it shows the exact item to be sold and generally used for higher inventory
2. Option h. Here the significant or useful information should be reported
3. Option f, Here the recent purchased would be sold first
4. Option e. It exercised the caution for reporting the items of the financial statements
5. Option g. Here the same method to be followed every year like for straight line depreciation method
6. Option d. Here the weighted average cost would be depend upon the cost of goods available
7. Option b. Here the company should report the sufficient information in order to make the sound decisions
8. Option a. Here the old inventory sold first
Why wages differ
For each of the scenarios in the following table, indicate the most likely reason for the difference in earnings.
Scenario
Differences in Human Capital
Compensating Differential
Differences in Natural Ability
Labor Unions
An economics consulting firm hires Rina, a recent PhD graduate in economics, and pays her an annual wage of $76,000. It also hires Bob, a recent master's degree graduate in economics, and pays him an annual wage of $64,000.
Major league baseball pitchers earn more than minor league baseball pitchers.
Two automotive technicians have the same amount of schooling and work experience, but earn different wages. The first works the day shift for an auto manufacturer factory for an annual wage of $53,000 per year, and the second works the night shift for the same company for an annual wage of $64,000 per year.
Answer:
Scenario Differences In Human Capital Compensating Differential Differences In Natural Ability Labor Unions An Economics Consulting Firm Hires Rina, A Recent PhD Graduate In Economics, And Pays Her An ... For each of the scenarios in the following table, indicate the most likely reason for the difference in earnings.
Explanation:
Answer:
hehaba
Explanation:
Margaret Lindley paid $15,160 of interest on her $301,600 acquisition debt for her home (fair market value of $501,600), $4,160 of interest on her $30,160 home-equity debt, $1,160 of credit card interest, and $3,160 of margin interest for the purchase of stock. Assume that Margaret Lindley has $10,160 of interest income this year and no investment expenses. How much of the interest expense may she deduct this year
Answer:
Margaret Lindley
Margaret Lindley can deduct $12,320 of the interest expense this year.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Interest on $301,600 acquisition debt for her home = $15,160
Fair market value of home = $501,600
Interest on her $30,160 home-equity debt = $4,160
Credit card interest = $1,160
Margin interest expense = $3,160
Interest income received = $10,160
Deductible interest expense:
Interest on debt for her home = $15,160
Interest on home-equity debt = $4,160
Margin interest expense = $3,160
Interest income received = ($10,160)
Deductible interest expense = $12,320
b) Margaret cannot deduct her credit card interest because it is considered as a type of personal consumer finance interest. This type of interest expense is not tax-deductible.
FINANCIAL LITERACY
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST PLS HELP ASAP!!
Answer:
i dk
Explanation:
tthanks for the points tho
When applying for the FAFSA, which of the following is not true?
Answer:
it provides early admission
Explanation:
thats my answer
When applying for FAFSA, the following is not true : The earliest one can apply and submit for FAFSA is January 1st of each year.
FAFSAFAFSA stands for Free Application for Federal Students Aid.
FAFSA is financial aid eligibility form for the students of United States of America. The FAFSA provides aids such as federal grants, loans, federal students aid, etc. to the college students.
The earliest one can submit for FAFSA is 1st of October every year.
FAFSA can be filled online or on paper.
Both dependent and independent students can fill for FAFSA.
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Journalize the following transactions, using the allowance method of accounting for uncollectible receivables
Mar. 17: Received $2,700 from Keith MacPhearson and wrote off the remainder owed of $6,370 as uncollectible.
Mar. 17 July 29: Reinstated the account of Keith MacPhearson and received $6,370 cash in full payment.
Answer:
Journal entry
Date Account & Explanation Debit Credit
Mar 17. Cash $2,700
Allowance for doubtful accounts $6370
Account receivable $9,070
Jul 29 Account receivable $6,370
Allowance for doubtful accounts $6,370
(To record amount reinstated)
Cash $6,370
Account receivable $6,370
(To record amount received)
The Pan American Bottling Co. is considering the purchase of a new machine that would increase the speed of bottling and save money. The net cost of this machine is $56,000. The annual cash flows have the following projections. Use Appendix B and Appendix D for an approximate answer but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.
Year Cash Flow
1 $23,000
2 23,000
3 25,000
4 28,000
5 16,000
Required:
a. If the cost of capital is 10 percent, what is the net present value of selecting a new machine?
b. What is the internal rate of return?
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below;
a. the net present value is
Year cash flow factor at 10% Discounted cash flows
0 -$56,000 1 $56,000
1 $23,000 0.9091 $20,909.09
2 $23,000 0.8264 $19,008.26
3 $25,000 0.7513 $18,782.87
4 $28,000 0.6830 $19,124.38
5 $16,000 0.6209 $9,934
Net present value $31,759.34
b. The internal rate of return is
Here we apply the formula
= IRR()
After this, the irr is 30.75%
Maestro Inc has a $1,000, 6% coupon bond with interest payable semiannually and a remaining term of 20 years. The market yield on similar bonds is 10%. What percentage of face value is the bond selling for today
Answer:
65.682%
Explanation:
The computation of the percentage is shown below;
But before that first determine the present value i.e.
Given that
Future value = $1,000
PMT = $1,000 × 6% ÷ 2 = $30
RTAE = 10% ÷ 2 = 5%
NPER = 20 × 2= 40
the formula is shown below;
= -PV(RATE,NPER,PMT,FV,TYPE)
After applying the above formula, the present value is $656.82
Now the percentage is
= $656.82 ÷ $1,000
= 65.682%
Quelle è il articolo che parla dalla ugualianza
According to the results of the 2019 expatriate survey, which of the following most accurately describes he current state of HRM efforts o staff international operations?
A. more women are accepting international assignments
B. people without family or kids are less successful in international assignments.
C. third-country nationals are quickly being replaced y localized expatriates.
Answer:
Option A is the accurate option.
Explanation:
Employers would be assigned to foreign employment, and therefore more women than ever are being sent overseas.The trend has always been rising throughout the Asia-Pacific region especially Northern America has been seeing substantial growth throughout this phenomenon or development.The other choices aren't related to the given scenario. So the above is the appropriate solution.