Rudolph A. Marcus created the Marcus hypothesis in theoretical chemistry to explain the speeds of electron transfer processes starting in 1956.
the speed at which an electron can transfer or jump from a chemical species (referred to as the electron donor) to another (called the electron acceptor). Rudolph A. Marcus created the Marcus Hush theory (M-H theory) in 1956. It describes the foundations of redox/ electron transfer processes in terms of the rate at which an electron jumps/moves from an oxidant species (electron donor) to the reductant (electron acceptor). When the free energy is equal to the reorganisation energy and is in the opposite direction, the maximum rate constant for electron transfer occurs. Keep in mind that the reorganisation energy is positive and the free energy for a spontaneous electron transfer is negative.is favourable. In addition to the structural changes mentioned above, substitution, elimination, and isomerization reactions differ from outer sphere redox reactions in that nuclear configurations and charge distribution are always "in equilibrium" and that nuclear movements and charge shifts (charge transfer, CT) occur continuously and concertedly on the reactions path. This is demonstrated by the SN2 substitution of the saponification of an alkyl halide, where a transition state containing a five-coordinated carbon atom must be viewed and where the rear side assault of the OH ion pushes out a halide ion.
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under standard conditions, h ions at the standard hydrogen electrode (she) are capable of spontaneously oxidizing which of the following metals?
In all applications of the hydrogen electrode under standard circumstances, the metal hydrogen gas is formed.
What is hydrogen electrode?Redox half cell is the foundation of the hydrogen electrode: 2 H+(aq) + 2 e− → H2 (g) A platinum electrode with platinization is the site of this redox process. Pure hydrogen gas is bubbled through the electrode after it has been immersed in an acidic solution. Both the reduced form and the oxidised form's concentration are kept at unity. An electrode with an assigned potential of zero to which all other electrode potentials are referred for comparison is typically made of platinum black on platinum and is over which a stream of hydrogen is bubbled when certain conditions are met.
What is the use of hydrogen electrode?For measurements of electrode potential, the hydrogen electrode is utilised as a reference. It is the most significant electrode for usage in aqueous solutions, theoretically. The reversible hydrogen electrode displays a potential that is thought to be zero at all temperatures in a solution of hydrogen ions with unit activity. Hydrogen is declared to have zero standard electrode potential.
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balance the following redox reaction if it occurs in basic solution. what are the coefficients in front of cr and cl2 in the balanced reaction? cr(s) + cl2(g)→ cr3+(aq) + cl-(aq)
The coefficients in front of the reactions are cr =2 and cl2 i= 3.
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or greater materials. In this sort of mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, called a solvent.
The solution is a homogeneous aggregate of 1 or extra solutes dissolved in a solvent. solvent: the substance in which a solute dissolves to supply a homogeneous aggregate. solute: the substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a homogeneous combination.
The constituent debris of a solution is smaller than 10-9 meters in diameter. Constituent particles of a solution can not be visible to the eye. Solutions no longer scatter a beam of mild passing through it.
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the forces described in the previous 2 questions are called dipole-dipole interactions. how might dipole-dipole interactions help many molecules attract each other?
Dipoles are held together by the attraction between the opposingly charged ends of the different molecules for each other.
The positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule are attracted to one another by dipole-dipole forces. Strengths of dipole-dipole forces per mole range from 5 kJ to 20 kJ.
When two dipolar molecules interact with each other over space, dipole-dipole interactions are the consequence. When this happens, one of the polar molecules' partially negative portion is drawn to the partially positive component of the second polar molecule.
Between molecules with permanent dipoles, there are dipole-dipole forces (i.e., polar molecules). These forces become stronger with increasing polarity for molecules with identical size and mass. Additionally, nonpolar molecules can develop dipoles as a result of polar molecules, producing dipole-induced dipole forces.
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how many of which type of orbitals are used to create the hybrid orbitals on carbon in a molecule of ethylene
Hybridization in ethylene molecule (C2H4) occurs due to the overlapping of the two 2s atomic orbitals as well as one 2p atomic orbital of the two carbon atoms.
This overlapping produces four identical sp hybrid orbitals, each containing one electron from each carbon atom. Hybridization allows the bonding between the two carbon atoms, forming the carbon-carbon double bond. The sp2 hybridization of the carbon atoms results in the formation of a linear shape of the ethylene molecule.
The two unhybridized p atomic orbitals of the two carbon atoms lie perpendicular to each other. This results in the formation of a π bond between the two carbon atoms, as the electrons in the two unhybridized p orbitals can move freely between the two carbon atoms.
The linear shape of the ethylene molecule is due to the fact that the two sp2 hybrid orbitals of the two carbon atoms are oriented in opposite directions and are parallel to each other. The two hydrogen atoms are bonded to the carbon atoms through single covalent bonds, forming the carbon-hydrogen single bonds.
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describe and explain the heating test of aspirin. what observation was made when aspirin was heated? why?
Heating the aspirin speeds up the reaction time. A vinegar-like smell is produced which is acetic acid.
Describe how aspirin is synthesized?
Salicylic acid and acetic acid can be combined to create aspirin in the presence of a catalyst that is also an acid. Together with the carboxyl group on acetic acid, the phenol group on salicylic acid produces an ester. Nevertheless, the yield of this reaction is little, and it is sluggish. The reaction is more faster and has a greater yield when acetic anhydride is used in place of acetic acid (since acetic anhydride is much more reactive than acetic acid).
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which alkyl halide would form the most stable carbocation: isopropyl bromide, tert-butyl bromide, methyl bromide or ethyl bromid
T-butyl bromide alkyl halide would result in the formation of the most stable carbocation. The quantity of methyl groups bonded to the core carbon is often associated with carbocation stability.
A halide is what in chemistry?Halogens are a class of chemical compounds known as halides. There are halides in the natural world, and some of them, like salts and acids, are essential to sustaining life. Halides can be found in minerals, organisms, and plants. NaCl, or table salt, is the most widely used halide.
Why does halide group exist?The class of minerals known as halides includes the sodium, salt, and salts of hydrochloric acid. The crystals halite, sylvite, and carnallite are part of this group of minerals, and they exclusively include chloride that has petrogenic significance. Halite, another name for rock salt (NaCl).
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calculate the volume in ml of 0.50 m sodium hydroxide that is needed to neutralize 1.8000 g of potassium hydrogen phthalate (khp). (molar mass of potassium hydrogen phthalate (khp)
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. The product obtained here is salt and water. It is even called as a double replacement reaction.
How can we calculate volume after neutralization process?
KHC8H4O4 is potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP).
The balanced equation for the reaction:
KHC8H4O4 + NaOH ==> KNaC8H4O4 + HOH
So, the stoichiometry is 1 moles NaOH needed for 1 mole of KHP.
Molar mass of KHP = 204 g/mol
Thus, volume after neutralization process is
= 1.800 g KHP x 1 mole KHP/204 g
= 0.00882 moles
It will take 0.00882 moles of NaOH to neutralize this.
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consider the carbon monoxide molecule pictured below. note that the bond may be a single, double or triple bond. what can best be said about the electrons involved in the bond?
A bonding electron is more likely to exist in the domain tagged by Box B because the oxygen nucleus has a stronger enchantment for electrons than the carbon nucleus.
What is Electron?
An electron is a negatively charged subatomic molecule. It can be either free, or confined to the nucleus of an atom. Electrons in atoms exist in spherical coat of several radii, representing energy levels.
What is nucleus?
The nucleus has been plainly described as a membrane-bound structure that includes the genetic article of a cell.
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which molecule has a nitrogen atom with sp2 hybridization? group of answer choices nitromethane, ch3no2
Nitromethane, ch3no2 has a nitrogen atom with sp2 hybridization.
With the chemical formula CH3NO2, nitromethane, or just "nitro," is an organic molecule. The simplest organic nitro compound is this one. It is a polar liquid that is frequently used in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent in a range of industrial applications. It is frequently employed in the production of insecticides, explosives, textiles, and coatings as an intermediate in organic synthesis. In a variety of motorsports and pastimes, including Top Fuel drag racing and the miniature internal combustion engines used in radio-controlled, control-line, and free-flight model aircraft, nitromethane is utilized as a fuel additive. This is called Nitromethane.
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using the solubility rules, predict the identity of the precipitate that forms when aqueous solutions of bacl2 and k2so4 are mixed by writing the balanced chemical equation for the reaction (make sure the states of all reactants and products are shown).
The precipitate that will be formed at the end of the reaction would be Barium sulphate.
Solubility is the new bond formation between the solute molecules and the solvent molecules. In terms of quantity, solubility is the maximum concentration of solute that dissolves in a known concentration of solvent at any given temperature.
We need to consider each ionic compound (both the reactants and the possible products) in light of the solubility rules. If a compound is soluble, we use the (aq) label with it, indicating that it dissolves. If a compound is not soluble, we use the (s) label with it and assume that it will precipitate out of solution
Barium chloride and potassium sulfate are both ionic compounds. We would expect them to undergo a double displacement reaction with each other.
BaCl2 + K2SO4 BaSO4 + 2 KCl
By examining the solubility rules we see that, while most sulfates are soluble, barium sulfate is not. Because it is insoluble in water we know that it is the precipitate. As all of the other substances are soluble in water we can rewrite the equation.
BaCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2 KCl(aq)
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would decreasing the volume of the container for each of the following reactions cause the equilibrium to shift in the direction of the products, the reactants, or not change?
This leads to the decreasing the volume will shift equilibrium in the direction of products.
Chemical equilibrium is the condition in which the reactants and products are both present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change over time, preventing any discernible change in the system's properties. In a state of neutral equilibrium, when an external force is applied, the line connecting the earth's centre and the centre of gravity falls within the base of the body.
A product is anything that can be provided to a market in order to satiate a customer's need or desire. It can be an item, a system, or a service that is made accessible for consumer usage in response to consumer demand. An insurance policy is an example of an intangible product because it can only be understood through indirect perception.
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2.____LiBr + Co(SO4)2 → Type:_
4LiBr + Co(SO₄)₂ ----> 2Li₂SO₄ + CoBr₄ is the balanced equation.
First write the complete equation
LiBr + Co(SO₄)₂ ----> Li₂SO₄ + CoBr₄
Now balance the given equation
LiBr + Co(SO₄)₂ ----> Li₂SO₄ + CoBr₄
Reactant Side Product side
Li= 1 Li = 2
Br = 1 S = 1
Co = 1 Co = 1
S = 2 S = 1
O = 8 O = 4
We can see that there are 8 oxygen atom in yhe Reactant side and 4 in the product side. So multiply by 2 in the product side to balance the Oxygen atoms.
4LiBr + Co(SO₄)₂ ----> 2Li₂SO₄ + CoBr₄
We can see that the given equation is now balanced.
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QUESTION: Write the complete equation and also balanced the equation.
_LiBr + _ Co(SO₄)₂ --> _ + _
write the chemical equations that show why solutions of al(no3)3, zn(no3)2, and nh4no3 have the ph values that you found?
The chemical equations of the following compounds shows their respective pH. Chemical equations are given below.
Chemical Equations
A equation that consists of reactants, products and an arrow showing the direction of reaction is known as a chemical equation. The equation is said to be balanced chemical equation when the number of atoms of all the molecules is equal on both sides of the equation.
For Al(NO₃)₃
Al(NO₃)₃ + H₂O → Al³⁺ + 3NO₃⁻
Al³⁺ + 6H₂O ⇄ Al(H₂O)₆³⁺
Al(H₂O)₆³⁺ + H₂O ⇄ Al(OH)(H₂O)₅²⁺ + H₃O⁺
pH > 7
For Zn(NO₃)₂
Zn(NO₃)₂ → Zn²⁺ + 2NO₃⁻
Zn(H₂O)₆³⁺ + H₂O ⇄ Zn(OH)(H₂O)₅²⁺ + H₃O⁺
pH < 7
For NH₄NO₃
NH₄NO₃ → NH₄⁺ + NO₃⁻
NH₄⁺ + H₂O ⇄ NH₃ + H₃O⁺
pH < 7
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how many grams of water will be produced when 1.1 moles of ethanol (ch3ch2oh) are burned completely? enter a number only (no units) and express your answer using three significant figures.
The 156 grams of water that were created when 2.9 moles if ethanol were burned.
What is the purpose of the ethanol?Drugs, plastics, varnishes, polishes, plasticizers, etc. cosmetics are all made with ethanol. Ethanol is utilized in medicine as an antidote for glycol or methanol overdose as well as a topical antiinfective.
To what extent is ethanol toxic?Intoxication with ethanol is frequent in older adolescents and adults. A child's toxic dosage is 3 mg/dL, but an adult's hazardous dose is 5 mg/dL. Children are more likely than adults to get hypoglycemia after a single intake.
BriefingC₂H₅OH + 3O₂ ⇒2CO₂ + 3 H₂O
Given
Took ethanol moles = 2.9
Since 1 mole of ethanol produces 1 mole of water = 54gram
2.9 mole of ethanol produces = 2.9 x 54 g
= 156 gram of water.
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which of the following options correctly describe bond strength, bond dissociation energy, and their periodic trends? select all that apply.
As atom size grows, the bond dissociation energy of the halogen family decreases down the group.
The bond strength increases with bond length. A shorter bond results from a greater bond order for a given pair of atoms. The energy needed to dissolve a bond is known as the bond dissociation energy (BDE). The BDE is always positive since the production of a bond releases energy (H 0), but the breaking of a bond involves the intake of energy (H > 0). The weak attractive interactions that exist between the individual molecules of a molecular covalent material are known as intermolecular forces. The bond dissociation energy, or the amount of energy needed to dissolve a given covalent bond, is a measure of the bond's strength. molecules in a mole. Multiple bonds between the same atoms are more powerful than a single bond. I will have the weakest bond strength and F will have the strongest bond when it comes to electronegativity.
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what atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between o and h in water, h2o? orbital on o orbital on h what is the approximate h-o-h bond angle?
Molecular Orbital of Water is H2O
Each hydrogen atom has a 1s orbital. Two of the O(2sp3) hybrid orbitals and 2 of the H(1s) orbitals combine to make 2 sigma bonding and 2 sigma antibonding molecular orbitals.In H2O hybridization orbitals having the same energy level will combine to form hybrid orbitals.The water molecule has two lone pairs and two bond pairs. Each O‒H covalent bond is called a sigma (σ) bond.H2O has a tetrahedral arrangement of molecules or an angular geometry. This is mainly because the repulsion from the lone pair combination is more than bond-pair repulsion. Additionally, the existing pairs do not lie in the same plane. One pair is below the plane and the other one is above. This bond geometry is commonly known as a distorted tetrahedron.
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toilet bowl cleaners often contain hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the calcium carbonate that accumulates within a toiket bowl. what mass of calcium carbonate can 3.8 g of hcl dissolve
Toilet bowl cleaner contain hydrochloric acid, which dissolves calcium carbonate in a toilet bowl. The mass of calcium carbonate dissolved is 5.28g.
To find out the mass, first write the balanced reaction. The balanced reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is
CaCO₃+2HCl→CaCl₂+H₂O+CO₂
The molar mass of HCl is 36g/mol. Hence, the number of moles for HCl is
moles=3.8 g×(1 mol/36 g)
moles=0.1055 mol
Using moles of HCl, find out moles of CaCO₃. Since mol to mol ratio for HCl to CaCO₃ is 2:1. Therefore, moles of CaCO₃ required is
0.1055 mol HCl×(1 mol CaCO₃/2 mol HCl)
=0.05275 mol CaCO₃
Convert the above moles in the mass. The molar mass of CaCO₃ is
Molar mass=[40+12+(3×16)]g/mol
=(40+12+48)g/mol
=100 g/mol
Hence, the mass of CaCO₃ is
mass=0.05275 mol CaCO₃×(100 g CaCO₃/1 mol CaCO₃)
=5.275 g CaCO₃
=5.28g CaCO₃
Therefore, the mass of calcium carbonate(CaCO₃) dissolved by 3.8g of HCl is 5.28g.
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30. a compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. which of the following statements is true concerning the compound? a. it lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid. b. it is hydrophobic c. it is probably an alcohol. d. it won't form hydrogen bonds with water.
A chemical has hydroxyl groups as its main functional group, hence choice c is accurate. Probably an alcoholic beverage. The substance's primary functional group is a hydroxyl group.
Is referred to as either Alcohols or Carboxylic Acids. Because the hydroxyl group has a hydrophilic character, which means it draws water to itself, it dissolves readily in water. The specific group of atoms in molecules that are in charge of the molecules' distinctive chemical reactions is referred to as a functional group. The hydroxyl group is the functional group that has been provided to us, and its functional formula is -OH. Alcohol is the name given to a substance that contains hydroxyl groups. Hence the compound is alcohol.
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when 8.0 g of n2h4 (32 g mol-1) and 92 g of n2o4 (92 g mol-1) are mixed together and react according to the equation above, what is the maximum mass of h2o that can be produced?
When 8.0 g of N₂H₄ (32 g mol⁻¹) and 92 g of N₂O₄ (92 g mol⁻¹) are mixed and react according to the equation above, the maximum mass of H₂O that can be produced is 9 g.
The equation of the reaction of N₂H₄ and N₂O₄ is given by,
2N₂H₄ (g) + N₂O₄ (g) ↔3N₂ (g) + 4H₂O (g)
Mass of N₂O₄ is given by = (2×14+4×16)
= 92 g
Mass of N₂H₄ is given by = 2 (2×14+4)
= 64 g
As per the stochiometric equation, 64 g of N₂H₄ reacts with 92 g of N₂O₄ 8 g of N₂H₄ reacts with
= 92/64 × 8 =11.5 g of N₂O₄
But the given amount of N₂O₄ is 92 g. So N₂H₄ acts as a limiting reagent.
64 g of N₂H₄ gives
4 × 18 = 72 g of water
8 g of N₂H₄ gives
72/64 × 8 = 9 g of water
The mass of water is 9g.
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33.0g of silver chloride into moles of silver chloride.
write the balanced molecular chemical equation for the reaction in aqueous solution for sodium hydroxide and tin(iv) acetate. if no reaction occurs, simply write only nr. be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction.
The reaction of Sodium hydroxide and Tin(iv) acetate is as follows:
Sodium Hydroxide + Tin(IV) Acetate = Sodium Acetate + Tin(IV) Hydroxide
NaOH + Sn(C2H3O2)4 = C2H3NaO2 + Sn(OH)4
Balanced Chemical Equation:
4NaOH + Sn(C2H3O2)4 → 4C2H3NaO2 + Sn(OH)4
What is an Aqueous solution?
An aqueous solution is one in which water serves as the solvent. It is also known as a water-based solution. Many common chemical substances are dissolved in water, and these are called aqueous solutions. Examples of aqueous solutions include saltwater, vinegar, and sugar water.
What is Sodium hydroxide?
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye or caustic soda, is a white, solid crystalline substance used in a number of industrial and household applications. It is a strong base that is highly soluble in water and can be used to adjust the pH of a solution. It is also used in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, and cleaning products.
What is Tin(IV)?
Tin(IV) is the chemical name for tin, which is a chemical element with the atomic number of 50. It is a silvery-white, malleable metal that is used in a variety of applications, including alloys, solders, and some electronics.
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46.8 ml of 1.12 m nitric acid is added to 27.9 ml of potassium hydroxide, and the resulting solution is found to be acidic. 19.0 ml of 0.968 m barium hydroxide is required to reach neutrality. what is the molarity of the original potassium hydroxide solution?
The initial potassium hydroxide solution has a molarity of 0.57M.
Step 1: Acidic HNO3 + KOH Solution
To locate nitric acid moles:
(1.12 mol/L x (0.0468 L) = 0.052 mol HNO3
To locate KOH moles:
KOH's molarity is determined by the formula (0.0279 L)(x) = 0.0279x mol KOH.
Although we are unable to precisely calculate the moles of KOH added, we do know that adding basic KOH to acidic HNO3 still produces an acidic solution, indicating that about 0.052 moles of KOH were added. To completely neutralize the 0.052 mol of acid, step 2 will add the last moles of -OH.
Step 2: Ba neutralizes the Solution (OH)
2
[tex]Ba(OH)_{2}[/tex] mole detection:
0.018 mol [tex]Ba(OH)_{2}[/tex] is equal to (0.0190 L)(0.968mol/L).
To calculate the moles of -OH in 0.018 mol of Ba(OH)
2 0.018 mol Ba (OH)
0.036 mol -OH is equal to 2 times (2 mol -OH / 1 mol [tex]Ba(OH)_{2}[/tex]).
It is neutralized in this stage. Remember that by incorporating 1 mol of [tex]Ba(OH)_{2}[/tex], we actually incorporate 2 molar equivalents of -OH. We attain neutralization after 0.036 mol of -OH has been added.
Neutralization: The formula is (moles of HNO3) - (moles of -OH)
= 0 (0.052 mol) - (0.0279x + 0.036)
= 0 0.016 = 0.0279x
x = 0.57 M.
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--Fatty acid molecules with single bonds between some carbons and double bonds between some carbons are ______________.
--A molecule made up of glycerol connected to three fatty acid chains is a ________________.
--A chemical reaction in which an ester is converted into a new type of ester is a ____________.
--Fatty acid molecules with single bonds between all carbons are ________________.
--A type of fuel synthesized by breaking down lipids from natural sources is _______________.
Fatty acid molecules with single bonds between some carbons and double bonds between some carbons are Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
What is fatty acids?A fatty acid is an aliphatic carboxylic acid having a saturated or unsaturated chain that is used in chemistry, notably in biochemistry.
The majority of fatty acids that are found in nature contain an unbranched chain with an even number of carbon atoms, ranging from 4 to 28.
Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats are the four main categories of fatty acids. An elevated risk of coronary heart disease is linked to trans fats and saturated fatty acids.
A molecule made up of glycerol connected to three fatty acid chains is a TriglyceridesA chemical reaction in which an ester is converted into a new type of ester is a Transesterification.Fatty acid molecules with single bonds between all carbons are saturated.A type of fuel synthesized by breaking down lipids from natural sources is BiodieselTo learn more about fatty acid refer :
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A recipe calls for 172 cups of flour to make 5 cakes. How many cups of flour would it take to make 1 cake, written as an improper fraction (fraction greater than one)?.
17/10 cups of flour would it take to make 1 cake.
It is given that,
A recipe calls for 17/2 cups of flour to make 5 cakes.
We need to find the no of cups of flor require to make 1 cake.
5 cakes = 17/2 cups of floor
1 cup =
[tex]=\frac{17}{2}.\frac{1}{5} \\=\frac{17}{10}[/tex]
Therefore, 17/10 cups of floor are needed to make 1 cake.
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What is the symbol for hydrogen ion?
solubility curves are used to determine if a solution is unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated at a specific pressure. true or false
Yes, this statement is true that solubility curves are used to determine if a solution is unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated at a specific pressure.
What do you mean by solubility curves?
The solubility of a solid in a given solvent is defined as the number of grams of the solute required to saturate 100g of the solvent at a particular temperature. The solubility of a given substance at a given temperature can be determined from its solubility curve. Solubility curve can be used to determine the amount of substance deposited when the solution is cooled. Solubilities of different substances at a particular temperature can be determined.
When any solid is in contact with its solution for sufficient time, then the solid will dissolve if the solution is not saturated or solid will grow at the expense of the solution if the solution is supersaturated. In any case, the solubility curve represents equilibrium conditions.
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Find is the percent yield for the reaction pcl3(g) + cl2(g) pcl5(g) if 119. 3 g of pcl5 are formed when 61. 3 g of cl2 react with excess pcl3.
If 61. 3 g ions cl2 react to excess pcl3 to generate 119. 3 g of pcl5, the percent yield again for combination pcl3(g) Plus cl2(g) pcl5(g) will be 66.3%.
The meaning of percent yield is?
The actual yield is calculated as the theoretical yield multiplied by 100 to get the percent yield. Actual Yield / Percent Yield Theory Yield) = 100% There are various reasons why a chemical reaction's actual yield could be lower than its theoretical yield; these will be covered in more detail in subsequent stories of the course.
Is a high or low yield preferable?
A low-yield bond is preferable for investors seeking a nearly risk-free investment or for those who are hedging their mixed portfolio by holding some of it in low-risk securities. The
Briefing:
Theoretical yield = 61.3 g Cl2 ( 1 mol / 70.9 g) ( 1 mol PCl5 / 1 mol Cl2 ) ( 208.2 g / 1 mol ) = 180.01 g PCl5
Percent yield = 119.3 g / 180.01 g x100 = 66.3%
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true or false: in order for matter to go from the solid state to the liquid state, heat energy must be added to the substance.
The answer to this question will be = True
The process behind the conversion of a solid state to a liquid state is called melting and the process behind it is called Enthalpy of Fusion or Heat of Fusion, when heat energy is added to any solid the particles inside it start to expand due to the heat of fusion and the particles lose their solid property and due to the expansion of molecules of solid, it changes into a liquid.
Equilibrium calculations: Using the equation below for calculating the equilibrium constant for the reaction of PCl3 + Cl2 to produce PCs, make the following substitutions for the reactants and products, and recalculate the equilibrium constant, then comment on the equilibrium constant does it favor products, or reactants? [PCI) = 5.0 mol/L [Cl2] = 5.0 mol/L [PC1s] = 0.1 mol/L [PCI ] 0.050 mol/L K= 9.6 x 10-4 [PC13 ][CI] (7.2 mol/L) (7.2 mol/L) For the steam reformation reaction CH + H2O + CO + 3 H2, calculate the equilibrium constant using the formula and concentrations below, and comment on the equilibrium constant: does it favor products, or reactants? What do you think is the industrial use of this chemical reaction?
The equilibrium constant is 12.5
The equilibrium constant of a chemical response is the price of its response quotient at chemical equilibrium, a kingdom approached by means of a dynamic chemical device after enough time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards in addition trade.The equilibrium consistent of a chemical response is the price of its response quotient at chemical equilibrium, a kingdom approached by a dynamic chemical device after enough time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency in the direction of further trade.
Calculations:-
CH₄ + H₂O ---------> CO + 2H₂
[CO] = 10⁻² mol/L
= 0.01 mol/l
[H₂] = 5 × 10⁻¹ mol/l = 0.5 mol/l
[H₂O] = 10⁻² mol/l = 0.01 mol/l
[CH₄] = 10⁻² mol/l = 0.01 mol/l
K = [CO][H₂]³/[CH₄][H₂O]
= (0.01) × (0.5)³/(0.01)×(0.01)
Kc = 12.5
Equillibirium constant = 12.5
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what would be the correct lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion, cl- ? (select the letter corresponding to the correct symbol) question 6 options: a) (a) b) (b) c) (c) d) (d)
The correct lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion Cl⁻ is given as follows :
..
: Cl :⁻
°°
The chlorine atomic number is 17. The chlorine is place in the group 17 and the period 3 in the periodic table. the electronic configuration oif chlorine is given as :
₁₇Cl = [ Ne ] 3s² 3p⁵
The electrons present in the outer most shell in the chlorine is 7. in the chlorine ion Cl⁻ means one extra electron is added to the chlorine and this shows by the negative charge and the symbol for chlorine ion is Cl⁻ . the lewis dot structure is given above.
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