Is there a difference between the theoretical probability of a child being affected by an autosomal recessive disease carried by both of her parents (as in Question 1), and the fraction of affected children you observe when generating a random family with four children from those parents? If so, what can explain this discrepancy?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

No difference

Explanation:

First, let us calculate the probability of a child being affected by an autosomal recessive disease carried by both of her parents. The parents are heterozygous (carriers). Assuming the allele for the disease is a, their genotypes would be Aa.

Crossing Aa and Aa:

           Aa   x   Aa

     AA   Aa   Aa   aa

The theoretical probability of a child being affected is 1/4.

From the cross as well, the fraction of affected children from a random generation of a family with four children from the carrier parents is also 1/4.

Hence, there is no difference between the two probabilities.


Related Questions

Several genes in humans in addition to the ABO gene (I ) give rise to recognizable antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The MN and Rh genes are two examples. The Rh locus can contain either a positive or a negative allele, with positive being dominant to negative. M and N are codominant alleles of the MN gene. Suppose a child's blood type is B MN Rh(neg). The mother's blood type is O N Rh(neg). Check all of the blood types below that the father could have. (Assume no involvement of the Bombay phenotype; everyone is HH).
A. O M Rh- O M Rh -
B. B MN Rh+ B MN Rh+
C. A M Rh+ A M Rh+
D. O MN Rh+ O MN Rh+
E. B MM Rh+ B MM Rh+
F. B NN Rh-

Answers

Answer:

Option B and E

Explanation:

Since the child's blood type is

B (BB or BO) MN Rh(neg)

The mother's bloodtype is

O (OO) N (NN) Rh(neg)

To produce a child with the B bloodtype when mother is OO, the father has to have either one or two copies of the B bloodtype (BB or BO).

To also produce a child with MN Bloomington when mother is NN, the father has to have either the M (MM) bloodtype or the MN bloodtype.

Thus, the father's bloodline could be

B M bloodtype Rh(+)

Or

B MN bloodtype Rh(+)

Which carries the code for protein synthesis from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Answers

Answer:

mRNA, or messenger RNA

Answer:

the right answer would be MRNA or the messenger of RNA

Explanation:

WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST Cohesion is most directly related to the ability of the plant to do which of the following? A. push sugar down towards the roots with gravity B. bend toward the source of light C. open and close the guard cells D. pull water up the stem against gravity

Answers

Answer:

D. pull water up the stem against gravity

Explanation:

Cohesion exists as hydrogen bonding exists between water molecules, which is the attraction of water molecules by the partially positive charge on the hydrogen and the partially negative charge on the oxygen. This allows water to stay connected as it travels up roots, combating gravity.

Each clan will be isolating two different bacteria,Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp., from the same soil sample. What two traits provide the basis of your Pseudomonas sp. enrichment strategy

Answers

Answer:

The former bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., has the ability to utilize benzoate as a source of carbon. Pseudomonas sp. can also migrate in the direction of areas with higher oxygen concentrations.

Whereas the latter, Bacillus sp., does not possess these characteristics.

Explanation:

The two traits mentioned above will provide the basis upon which the strategy for enrichment can be made.

Use this dichotomous key for insect identification to identify the insect shown. 1. a. Insect has one pair of wings. Order Diptera b. Insect has two pairs of wings. Go to #2 2. a. Front wings thicker in texture than hind wings Go to #3. b. Front and hind wings are same texture throughout. Go to #4 3. a. Front wings are short Order Dermaptera b. Front wings cover entire abdomen Order Coleoptera 4. a. Wings with scale on all parts of their area. order Lepidoptera b. Wings without scales Go to #5. 5. a. Hind wings smaller than front wings. Order Ephemeroptera b. Front and hind wings nearly equal in size. Order Odonata An insect with 2 pairs of wings is standing on a branch. The insect pictured is in the order Diptera. Ephemeroptera. Coleoptera. Odonata. WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST ANSWER asap

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is Odonata.

Explanation:

Dichotomous key is an instrument that permits users to decide or identify the organism correctly in the natual world. It is utilized in distinguishing plant and creature species dependent on their characters.

Using the key :

the Odonata has following characters

1.  Insect has two pairs of wings. so go to 2

2. Front and hind wings are same texture throughout. so go to 4

3.  Wings without scales so Go to 5

4.  Front and hind wings nearly equal in size so 5b that is Odonata.

Answer:

The correct answer is Odonata.

Explanation:

Dichotomous key is an instrument that permits users to decide or identify the organism correctly in the natual world. It is utilized in distinguishing plant and creature species dependent on their characters.

Using the key :

the Odonata has following characters

1.  Insect has two pairs of wings. so go to 2

2. Front and hind wings are same texture throughout. so go to 4

3.  Wings without scales so Go to 5

4.  Front and hind wings nearly equal in size so 5b that is Odonata.

The process that uses carbon dioxide but not light energy to make sugars is called

Answers

Answer:

The Calvin Cycle

Hope this helps.

carbon fixation

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide is converted into sugars in a process called carbon fixation; photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrate.

Consider this animal cell. Which organelle is labeled A.
.
Mitochondrion
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome

Answers

Answer:

Golgi apparatus is the answer on e2020 !!!!

Explanation:

Rutherford tracked the motion of tiny, positively charged particles shot through a thin sheet of gold foil. Some particles traveled in a straight line and some were deflected at different angles. Which statement best describes what Rutherford concluded from the motion of the particles? Some particles traveled through empty spaces between atoms and some particles were deflected by electrons. Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by electrons. Some particles traveled through empty spaces between atoms and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms. Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms.

Answers

Answer:

Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms.

Explanation:

Rutherford concluded from his experiment that there are empty spaces present in most parts of the atom while a heavy positive charge is present in the nucleus of an atom due to which the tiny positively charged particles deflects because of positive-positive charge repulsion. Most of positively charged particles passes undeflected which indicated the presence of empty spaces in the atoms. The electrons revolve around the nucleus have no effect on the deflection of positively charged particles.

Rutherford conducted a legendary experiment to determine atomic structure in which he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. In the aftermath of the experiment he concluded that; Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms.

The gold foil experiment showed that the atom is composed of a massive core which contains positively charged particles.

This massive core is at the center of the atom surrounded by electrons that move in orbits. Hence, the resulting model of the atom was called the planetary model.

The deflected positively charged particles were deflected by this small area of high-density positive charge in atoms.  

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Dermis _____ system is responsible for thermoregulation and for development of inflammatory skin processes

Answers

Answer:

Integumentary system

Explanation:

This system is responsible for development of skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves and it serves as a protector. There are many organs in this system too.

How have the fields of biotechnology, genetic engineering, and molecular biology affected the agricultural job
market?
A.They have created more jobs
B.They have spread the industry internationally
C.They have made the market obsolete
D.They have decrease the demand for farmers

Answers

I think answer should be d.let me know if it’s correct thanks okay bye

Answer:

I think It's A. Hope it helps! :)

Explanation:

What brings greater concentrations of dissolved nutrients to the ocean surface?

Answers

Answer: Upwelling

Explanation:

Upwelling is a process of movement of dense, cold and nutrient rich water from the bottom of the ocean to the surface layers due to wind currents. This process replaces the warm and nutrient deficient water from the surface.

This process is useful for the growth of phytoplanktons and other sea plants growing in the surface layer of oceanic water.

Identify the importance of carbon. Check all that apply

Answers

Answer:

It ensures life on Earth can exist.

2. It is the universal solvent.

3. It is a part of all organic compounds, including carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

4. It is found in every living thing.

I think so not sure sorry:-)

Answer:

A. It ensures life on Earth can exist

C. It is a part of all organic compounds, including carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

D. It is found in every living thing

Explanation:

Which inequalities are true? Check all that apply.


DOVE


Vo <3


Vox


V6 <2


V6 > 8


16

Answers

Answer:

Vo<3, V6<2,

Explanation:

Inequalities is a mathematical expression use to relate two values together.

From the above question, Vo<3, V6<2 is the true because the two option relate two values together.

Vo< 3 because V0 present is one and it is less.

V6 <2 is because V6 is not up to 2.

who is Charles darwin​

Answers

Answer:

Charles Darwin came up with the theory of evolution.

Charles Darwin is a writer who wrote the book Orgin of species . He is the one that gave the idea of evolution . his proposition that all species of life have decended over time from common ancestors. He is a english naturalist, geologist and biologist

Which of these statements best explains why the rainfall in volcanic regions increases after a volcanic eruption?
The volcano releases particles which help form water droplets.
The volcano releases heat causing clouds to form.
The molten lava from the volcano helps form water droplets.
The increase in fertility of soil around the volcano helps produce rain.

Answers

Answer:

The volcano help releases particles which help rain to fall.

Explanation:

Volcano is a form of opening in the Earth crust that make particles that are warmer in it surronding such as magma, hot lava, volcanic ashes to escape from beneath it. Volcano happen as a result of magma rising above Earth surface making the bubbles to spring forth. There is rain, lightning and thunder during volcanic eruptions.

Rainfall near a volcanic region increases after volcanic eruptions because all the ash particles that rises to the atmosphere attract and collect water droplets, thereby causing abundant of rainfall wen the water droplets are released.

Colistin is an antibiotic used to treat infections in the bloodstream. Some bacteria are resistant to Colistin. Explain how these bacteria have become resistant to Colistin.

Answers

Answer:

They have adapted to it

Explanation:

5 Points

Great Britain would have a much colder climate than it does if not for the

O A. polar easterlies

B. gulf stream

C. trade winds

D. jet stream

SUBMIT

Answers

Hello There!

Answer:

B. Gulf stream

Explanation:

Great Britain would have a much colder climate than it does if not for the gulf stream.

when the community climax in an ecosystem has only a single type of climax, the development of the climax community is controlled by ___ of that region.

a) the climate
b) the life forms
c) the soil texture
d) the pioneer community

Answers

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

because the climax community is composed of species beat adopted to average conditions in that area

When the community climax in an ecosystem has only a single type of climax, the development of the climax community is controlled by the climate of that region. Option A is correct.

The climate of a region is the most important factor that controls the development of a climax community. The climate determines the temperature, precipitation, and other abiotic factors that influence the growth and survival of plants and animals.

In a region with a single type of climax community, the climate is relatively uniform and there is little variation in the abiotic factors. This means that the same species of plants and animals will be able to survive and thrive in the region, regardless of the specific location. The life forms, soil texture, and pioneer community can all influence the development of a climax community, but they are not as important as the climate. Option A is correct.

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3. Mutations that occur in the BPG binding cavity on deoxyhemoglobin can at times result in the substitution of lysine and histidine residues present with aspartic acid and phenylalanine residues. Explain how these changes would impact BPG binding to deoxyhemoglobin along with the impact it would have on oxygen transport with hemoglobin

Answers

Answer:

It affects the oxygenation of the tissues in a negative way, that is, causing tissue hypoxias.

Explanation:

What will happen is that BPG, having a different relationship with deoxyhemoglobin, hemoglobin will not give oxygen to organs or tissues during glycolysis at times when the sympathetic nervous system is activated or even in the maintenance of physiological tissue vitality, therefore it will trigger a drop in the partial pressure of the gas both in the blood and in the tissues since they will be retained in the hemoglobin structure without being able to release it.

What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms?
mitochondrion
DNA
nucleus
cell

Answers

What are the domain and range of the function on the graph?

answer:

the answer is d. (cells)


The ___ cycle is not a nutrient cycle.

Answers

Answer:

water cycle

Explanation:

The water cycle is not a nutrient cycle

Imagine that you have added a fluorescent tag to all of the amino acids inside of a bacterium. You then infect the bacterium with a phage. At the end of the phage's lytic cycle, you examine the new phage particles for fluorescence. Which of the following new phage particle components would you expect to exhibit the fluorescent tag?A. phage DNAB. phage RNAC. phage capsomeresD. A and BE. A, B, and CF. none of the above

Answers

Answer:

The answer is A.

Explanation:

The bacteriophage is an organism that attacks bacteria and uses them to replicate it's DNA to reproduce and multiply.

If all the amino acids of the bacteria are flagged with fluorescent tag, then the new bacteriophage's DNA will exhibit the fluorescent tag because it will be constructed using the bacteria's protein molecules in the first place. So the answer is A.

I hope this helps.

Match the enzymes to their role in the DNA replication process

Answers

Answer: A = 3, B = 5, C = 1, D = 2, E = 4

Explanation: A. RNA primase

B. ligase

C. helicase

D. polymerase

E. topoisomerase

Pairs

1. unwinds the DNA molecule

2. synthesizes the complementary daughter strands

3. synthesizes RNA primer at the initiation point

4. creates nicks ahead of the replication fork to relieve tension from unwinding

5. joins the Okazaki fragments together    

10. In the water cycle, liquid changes to gas by
O precipitation
O condensation
evaporation
O freezing

Answers

Answer:

evaporation

Explanation:

when the liquid heated for a long time it removes steam in form of gases

In the water cycle, liquid changes to gas by evaporation, which is in Option C. The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, describes how water circulates through the Earth's ecosystems.

What is the water cycle?

The water cycle involves a series of processes that include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration. Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state, such as water vapor. This occurs when energy (in the form of heat) is absorbed by the water, causing the water molecules to move faster and break free from their bonds to form a gas. After water evaporates, it can undergo condensation, which is the process by which water vapor changes back into liquid water.

Hence, in the water cycle, liquid changes to gas by evaporation, which is Option C.

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what is a animal and what types of animals are there

Answers

Answer:

Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom of Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development.

Explanation:

Scientists have recently estimated that there are approximately 8.7 million species on Earth. They believe that 1-2 million of those species are animals.

Explain why detritivores, decomposers and omnivores are not assigned trophic level​

Answers

Answer:

They can be found in several trophic levels, as they are related with several trophic level, hence, they cannot be placed on a specific trophic level.

Explanation:

A trophic level is a specific position occupied by a group of organisms on a good chain in relation to their nutrition.

Dentrivores feed on the waste of other organisms and cannot be really placed on a specific trophic level, likewise decomposers, of which they feed and decompose the body of organisms.

Omnivores feed on both plants and animals, which includes producers and consumers. Placing omnivores on a specific trophic level would not be really straightforward also.

Using a series of arrows, draw the branched metabolic reaction pathway described by the following statements, and then answer the question at the end. Use red arrows and minus signs to indicate inhibition.

L can form either M or N.
M can form O.
O can form either P or R.
P can form Q.
R can form S.
O inhibits the reaction of L to form M.
Q inhibits the reaction of Oto form P.
S inhibits the reaction of O to form R.
Which reaction would prevail if both Q and S were present in the cell in high concentrations?

a. L → M
b. M → O
c. L → N
d. O → P

Answers

Answer:

1) The branched metabolic reaction pathway is attached.

2) The most prevalent reaction is L-->N    

Explanation:        

The reaction that eventually will prevail is the formation of the N molecule.

When Q and S are in high, they will inhibit the formation of P and R which are the molecules that form them. So, Eventually, there will not be P and R molecules, and hence, there will not be any more Q and S molecules.

L can still form equally M and N molecules. But as M forms O, and O inhibits M formation, with time, the higher O concentration is, the less M formation there will be.

On the other hand, N has no molecule that inhibits its production. So L turns to N formation, predominating this reaction.              

The reaction that would prevail if both Q and S are present in the cell in high concentrations is L → N (Option c).

In a chemical reaction, a substrate is a molecule that reacts with a given enzyme to generate one or more products.

In this case, L is the first substrate whose reaction produces N and M, while Q and S are the last products observed in this series of reactions.

In turn, M acts as a substrate to form O as an intermediate, which subsequently serves as a substrate to form P and R.

Finally, P serves as a substrate to form Q, while R serves as a substrate to form S.

The series of chemical reactions are as follow:

L → N + M → O → P + R → Q + S

In this case, it is also important to remark that a given product of a chemical reaction can also inhibit the enzyme's activity (e.g., O is an intermediate that inhibits the formation of M).

In consequence, the reaction that would prevail if both Q and S are present in the cell in high concentrations is L → N (Option c).

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What occurs when two species have the
need for the same resource?

Answers

Answer:

Competition. Additionally, with competition comes survival of the fittest.

Explanation:

Competition is formed when more than one species must fight for the same resource/commodity.

Changes in DNA sequence from one generation to the next may result in offspring that are altered in fitness compared with their parents. The process of change and selection over the course of many generations is the basis of

Answers

Answer:

This question lack options, options are:

A. Mutation

B. Evolution

C. Heredity

D. Reproduction

The correct answer is B.

Explanation:

Evolution is essentially a process of genetic change over time, that is, it is the result of accumulated changes in the composition of the gene pool. Variation is the raw material of evolution. Without genetic variation, evolution is not possible. The ultimate source of all genetic variation is mutation. A mutation is a stable and inheritable change in genetic material. Mutations alter the DNA sequence and therefore introduce new variants. Many of these variants are usually eliminated, but occasionally some of these variants can be successful and incorporated into all individuals of the species. Mutation is a factor that increases genetic diversity. This is how evolution explains the origin of various life forms as a result of changes in their genetic load. The inheritance of these variations through offspring of parents who carry the variation, although the genetic endowment of a single organism is the same throughout life, the genetic makeup of a species, understood as a whole (genetic background), changes throughout from many periods of life. Mutations and variability, the product of natural DNA recombination, provide diversity in the genetic material of a species.

Could you use the dichotomous key in this section to identify a species of


lizard? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

Yes, the species of a lizard can be identified using dichotomous keys.

Explanation:

A dichotomous key is an identification tool used by the biologists especially taxonomists to identify and classify the organisms.

The dichotomous keys are based on the characteristic feature of an organism for which two which contains two contrasting feature. The dichotomous keys are the most common tools used to classify an organism.

A species of lizard can be identified using these keys by selecting the key characteristic feature  shown by the species which could be quantitative like weight, height or it could be qualitative like colour.  By comparing these characteristics, it becomes easy to identify the species.

Answer:

Yes, the species of a lizard can be identified using dichotomous keys.

Explanation:

A dichotomous key is an identification tool used by the biologists especially taxonomists to identify and classify the organisms.

The dichotomous keys are based on the characteristic feature of an organism for which two which contains two contrasting feature. The dichotomous keys are the most common tools used to classify an organism.

A species of lizard can be identified using these keys by selecting the key characteristic feature  shown by the species which could be quantitative like weight, height or it could be qualitative like colour.  By comparing these characteristics, it becomes easy to identify the species.

Explanation:

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