in the accompanying hydrograph for major river, a flood was caused by a single episode of heavy rainfall 50 kilometers upstream. when did the rain most likely occur?

The altitude of these satellites above the earth's surface is 3,588 10⁷ m, and the radio signals from these satellites cannot directly reach receivers on earth that are north of 81.3 N latitude because by the curve of the planet; consequently, the signals cannot reach these places

to find the altitude of these satellites above the earth's surface requires the use of the law of universal gravitation and Newton's second law.

as newton laws

F = ma

where,  F is force, M is mass, and a is acceleration

and law of universal gravitation is

G m M / r² = F

where G is gravitation constant, m and M is mass, r is radius

so if we combine it will be

G m M / r² = m a  ...(1)

formula of centripetal acceleration

a = v²/r

where, a is acceleration, v is velocity and r is radius

velocity factor equation is

v = d/t

where d is distance, and t is time

A complete orbit with a time (T) called the period circumnavigates the distance.

while distance of satellite is

d = 2πr

we can combile with velocity formula so,

v = d/t

v = 2πr/T

while,

a = v²/r  ---->centripetal acceleration

so,

a = ( 2πr/T)²/r

a = (4π²r²/T²)/r ....(2)

insert equation 2 in expression 1

GM/r² = 4π²r/T²

GM/r³ = 4π²/T²

r = ∛ GM T² / 4π²

Re is the distance from the center of the earth which is the distance from the surface of the earth

formula of  r is the distance from that object’s  is

r = Re + h

Re + h = ∛ GM T²/4π²

h = ∛(G M T²/4π²) - Re

where, r is distance from that object’s , Re is radius of the Earth, h is altitude

Convert to SI units. time in second

T = 1 day (24 hours / 1 day) (3600 seconds / 1 hour)

T = 86400 seconds

let's do the math

h = ∛(G M T²/4π²) - Re

h = ∛ (6.67 10⁻¹¹ 5.98 10²⁴ (8.6400 10⁴)² / 4π²) - 6.37 10⁶

h = ∛ (75.42 10²¹) - 6.37 10⁶

h = 4.225 x 10⁷ - 0.637 x 10⁷

h = 3.588 10⁷m

b) In the appendix we find that for very large latitudes the straight path from the satellite to the earth is interrupted by the curvature of the planet. As a result, the signal cannot reach these locations

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They are dying because beetles are moving in to the pines and killing them due to higher temperatures in the elevations. This is happening to the white bark pine in Yellowstone National Park as a result of climate change.

As an outcome of environmental change, the white bark pine is been focused on by pine creepy crawlies, which can flourish in winter conditions. An assault drove by different creepy crawlies for one to two days has produced openings in the pine prompting its obliteration.

The target of long haul studies is to track down the associations among creatures and plants and to observe how they are partner with one another in their miniature climate. Like in the narrative it was the relationship between the squirrel, pine trees and bear.

The lager needs to consume high happy nutritious seeds of the pine tree, which defended them in the winters because of the great measure of fat present in them that offered warmth. Nonetheless, the lagers couldn't arrive at the pine trees as they were a long way from their span and in this manner, they took help from squirrels, which serve the target for the bears.

Consequently, it tends to be fathomed that every one of the three animals, or at least, squirrel, tree and bear are related with one another and fostering a food web. This multitude of studies need an adequate measure of time and perception. Consequently, Dr. Hardley required thirty years looking at them and furthermore required twenty years analyzing the impact of environment on creatures of land and water living in the lake. Their species variety declined considerably because of a worldwide temperature alteration that brought about the evaporating of the lake.

Now, if the number of the white bark trees declines in Yellowstone National Park then it may cause land sliding in the region along with other hazardous events along with it. As the soil capacity to hold itself all together will decrease, causing less water and nutrients transport towards the plants and other beings.

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The interior of the Earth can be inferred from volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs. They also demonstrate one way in which the layers of the Earth communicate with one another.

On Earth, volcanoes are most frequently found where tectonic plates are separating or joining together, and the majority are underwater. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, for instance, has volcanoes brought on by divergent tectonic plates, whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes brought on by convergent tectonic plates. As in the East African Rift, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field, and the Rio Grande rift in North America, volcanoes can also form where the plates of the crust are being stretched and thinned. A diapir upwelling from the core-mantle boundary, located 3,000 kilometers (1,900 miles) beneath the Earth's surface, is thought to be the cause of volcanism that occurs away from plate boundaries. The Hawaiian hotspot is one example of the hotspot volcanism that results from this. Where two tectonic plates slide past one another, volcanoes typically do not form.

Large eruptions can change the atmosphere's temperature because the Sun is obscured by ash and sulfuric acid droplets, which cool the Earth's troposphere. In the past, major volcanic eruptions have been followed by volcanic winters that have resulted in devastating famines.

In addition to Earth, other planets have volcanoes. As an illustration, Mercury has pyroclastic deposits that were created by violent volcanic activity.

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Combination of temperature, precipitation, and humidity which best describe environment's climate is a desert.

Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. The amount of evaporation in a desert often highly exceeds the annual rainfall. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms.

Even though most deserts, such as the Sahara of North Africa and the deserts of the southwestern U.S., Mexico, and Australia, happen at low latitudes, some other kind of desert, cold deserts, happen in the basin and range area of Utah and Nevada and in parts of western Asia.

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Answer:50

Explanation:

This stream has followed its present channel for a maximum of 350 years. The oxbow lake at point Y, which developed 50 years ago, and the point bar at point Y, which was deposited 400 years ago, are used to calculate it.

A meandering stream's inner bank has a low, curving ridge of sand and gravel known as a "point bar". When the stream's velocity decreases along the inner bank, point bars are created by the gradual buildup of material that the stream deposits. 

In the above situation, we are informed that the point bar at point x was formed 400 years ago and the oxbow lake at point y developed 50 years ago. The difference between two points (X and Y) is used to calculate the maximum time. We can identify that:

The following formula is used to calculate the maximum time:

Substitute the value:

Hence, the stream has followed its current channel for a maximum of 350 years. 

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A concept map or a conceptual diagram, shows potential connections between concepts.

Technical writers, engineers, instructional designers and others can utilize concept maps to structure and organize knowledge. A concept map often depicts concepts and information as boxes or circles that are connected by labeled arrows, frequently in the form of a hierarchical structure with downward branches, although it can also take the shape of free-form maps.

Concept mapping is a method for displaying these connections between various concepts. Concept maps have been used, for instance with the object-role modeling or Unified Modeling Language formalism, to define the ontology of computer systems.

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Answer: These products are very difficult to produce. No other countries in the world trade these products.

Amount and type of vegetation, How dry the soil is, Type of soil on the surface, Steepness of the slope are factors that influence the amount of rainfall that becomes runoff versus groundwater

The characteristics, formation, or phase of the rainfall that is falling to the earth are frequently mentioned while discussing the many forms of precipitation in meteorology.

Precipitation can happen in one of three ways that are clearly distinct. Stratiform precipitation typically lasts longer and is less intense than convective precipitation. When moist air is forced upward over rising terrain and condenses on the slope, such as a mountain, orographic precipitation occurs.

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Water resources are heavily polluted, salinity of water is high due to the process of oil extraction and refining.

The economies of many Middle Eastern nations, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Yemen, and Persia, rely heavily on the oil sector. Environments for oil production might vary from one nation to another.

Maximum environmental harm is caused during the extraction phase, when oil is first extracted from the ground, as land is cleared to make room for machinery. Drilling sites' oil leaks damage the local wildlife and vegetation gasoline is produced during the refinement of oil. Oil refineries emit hazardous pollutants into the air and may harm the water nearby.

The stage of transportation could result in oil spills. Spills devastate the coral reef and pollute the water and land along the coast. These results may persist for a very long time.

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Regarding the relative location of transport of sediment by a glacier is:  Englacially is Option C; Supraglacially sediment is Option A; Subglacially sediment is Option B.

Glaciers transport large amounts of sediments which may be carried at its base, on its surface, or internally. Englacially transported sediments are carried from within the ice of a glacier. Englacial processes are the body of the glacier or region between the bed and surface. Supraglacially transported sediments are carried from the top of the glacier.  Supraglacial processes refer to the melting of debris-covered ice and re-sedimentation of the sediment cover. Subglacially transported sediments are carried from the base of a glacier. Subglacial processes refer to processes that occur at the ice sheet bed that cause the Earth’s surface to be worn down, broken up, and transported by ice.

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The statement about the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, option c, the eruption was dominated by basaltic lava flows is false.

Mount St. Helens is an active volcano in Skamania County in Washington. It is a stratovolcano or a composite volcano built by layers of lava. It is also a part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc in Western North America which is an extended segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980 which remains one of the worst natural disasters destroying human life and the economy. It killed as many as fifty-seven people were killed and two hundred homes were destroyed in the eruption. It destroyed 24km of railways, forty-seven bridges, and 298km of highway. It was a lateral eruption caused by an earthquake of 5.1 magnitudes.

Mount St. Helena erupted dacite lava with 64% silica and 4% water in it. Therefore, option c is false.

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In the outer core of the earth's interior, the melting point of the rock is inferred to be lower than the actual temperature of the rock.

In geology, the physical composition of the planet earth shows that is composed of three distinct layers: crust, mantle, and core.

The earth's interior is called the core and the core is further divided into two segments: the outer core and the inner core.

The outer core lies adjacent to the mantle while the inner core is the center point.

Generally, the melting point of a solid substance decreases as pressure increases. So if we go deeper into the earth we will see that the pressure is quite high in the core due to which the melting point of rocks decreases than their actual temperature.

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The content and shape of the coastline are significantly influenced by longshore drift barrier islands.

It alters the beach slopes and produces spits, which are long, narrow shoals of land that project out from the shore. Along a shoreline, longshore drift can potentially completely alter or eliminate "barrier islands." Groins effectively restrict longshore transport, trapping longshore drift sediments on the updrift side (a process known as updrift accretion), but they also frequently lead to down drift erosion (a process known as down drift erosion), which is the erosion of sand. A spit is a sand ridge that juts out from the shore. The spit's tip might turn around and head for the calmer waters near the shore. Waves could also deposit sediment to create barrier islands and sandbars. This sheet of water can "capture" and carry beach sediment back out to sea as it moves on and off the beach. Longshore drift is a process that can significantly erode a beach barrier islands.

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Answer:

The inner core is not liquid or even molten

Explanation:

So, false.

The answer is Photochemical smog, which is also known as “Los Angeles smog,” occurs most prominently in urban areas that have large numbers of automobiles. It requires neither smoke nor fog. This type of smog has its origin in the nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon vapors emitted by automobiles…

During peak-traffic hours in the morning, large amounts of nitrogen oxides and volatile hydrocarbons are released into the atmosphere. These pollutants can be traced to automobile emissions and industrial discharge. Some of these hydrocarbon pollutants rapidly undergo oxidation by the hydroxyl groups in the atmosphere, resulting in the formation of peroxy radicals. These peroxy radicals go on to convert nitric oxide into nitrogen dioxide.

The photochemical response is a synthetic response started by the retention of vitality as light. The result of atoms' retaining light is the production of transient energized states whose concoction and physical properties contrast extraordinarily with the first molecules. Photochemical brown haze is the synthetic response of daylight, nitrogen oxides, and unstable natural mixes in the environment, which leaves airborne particles and ground-level ozone.

It is also related to the concentration of secondary pollutants (in some cases). Common examples of primary pollutants that contribute to photochemical smog include oxides of nitrogen such as nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, and most VOCs (volatile organic compounds). The most obvious way to minimize photochemical smog levels is to eliminate the use of fossil fuels by using non-polluting or sustainable sources of electricity, such as nuclear power, hydropower, and wind power.

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The western nations were reluctant to support the rebel militias since they didn't intend to be associated with each of the numerous opposition groups. Moreover, although the majority of Western nations were sympathetic to the rebels, they were reticent to provide substantial military support out of concern that it could strengthen Sunni extremist organizations in the rebellion.

A rebel can be defined as someone who stands in opposition or armed rebellion against an established government or authority. In Syria, a rebel militia is a group of citizens who have been trained to fight in times of emergency against the established government.

The group, which is mostly made up of Kurdish People's Protection Units, was founded in December 2015. Its size is estimated to be between 55,000 and 80,000 combatants. Although they oppose the Syrian government under President Bashar al-Assad, they have focused most of their efforts on the Al-Nusra Front and ISIL. 

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The time periods in the correct order from LONGEST to SHORTEST are Era, period, and stage.

An era is a period of hundreds of millions of years and it is independent of human activity. For example the pre-colonial era, the cold war era, agrarian era.

A period is the basic unit of time. A Period lasts tens of millions of years. Normally we say that someone has lived for a period of time be it short or long.

The stage is a point in time when something happened. Children mature in stages, the same as animals and other creatures. This shows the time things are happening.

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Transportation, irrigated, productive land, and access to clean water are benefits. Unpredictable flooding and loss of homes, lives, and crops are drawbacks of habitation near river valley.

The term "river valley" refers to the natural channel(s) that a river and its tributaries have developed. This includes the river and any islands that may be there, as well as the river terraces—flat a l l u v i a l plains that the river has deposited—river banks, and flood plain lands. These geological structures are the result of moving glaciers and flowing rivers. The combined effects of gravity, water, and ice result in valleys, which are low-lying sections of land that have been eroded and washed out.

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In terms of location, there is a trend in how the sawmills and pulp and paper mills as well as Canada's population is distributed, and this trend is:

The north of Canada is quite close to the North pole and as a result, not many people stay there as the conditions are difficult for human survival. This is why the majority of Canada's population are located to the south.

Canada has a very large Saw mill industry and they are located mostly in the South as well. Based on the map on Canada's forest regions, these saw mills prefer Cordilleran forests as they have their highest density there.

Then there is Canada's pulp and paper mills industry which is also located south. They prefer to stay in the Boreal forest area and this is likely because the trees there favor their industry.

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Air/wind can move in any direction but if I had to guess it would be southwest

Answer: False

Explanation:  I learned this in College Class! The reason it is False is that the Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth.

The slopes that face the northwest are steep and at 10am, they would have received . The temperature difference is approximately on these two different sides of this canyon, just estimating temperatures from the key.

The Northwest Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 established land policy and territory government. Eventually, the area and a tiny portion of the land between the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi rivers were divided into five states: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. There are 44,000 people living in the Northwest Territories. Yellowknife, the capital of the NWT, is said to have more sunshine than any other Canadian city. There are 11 official languages in the Northwest Territories. The Northwest Territories once encompassed the entirety of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon, as well as the majority of Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. The original, tiny province of Manitoba was separated from the region in 1870. From the Territories, Alberta and Saskatchewan were established in 1905.

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Tropical species have a tiny thermal safety margin and a narrow performance curve. Tropical and temperate species are expected to be affected by climate change in distinct ways.

The region where a certain species can be located during the course of its life is known as its range. Areas where people or groups could migrate or hibernate are included in a species' range. Every species of life on Earth has a distinct geographic distribution. For instance, rattlesnakes are found only in both North and South America in the Western Hemisphere. Arizona in the United States is home to 13 different species of poisonous snakes, giving it the region with both the broadest range of these reptiles. Only four rattlesnake species may be found east of the River.

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Untreated human waste never be dumped in inland waters. Untreated human waste could pose a significant risk to health.

When Untreated human waste mixes with water, it can lead to epidemics like cholera, meningitis, and other diseases in addition to polluting the air, water, and soil.

Human waste that hasn't been treated poses a health risk. It contaminates the soil and water, including underground water. Drinking this contaminated water can result in illnesses like cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, etc. that can even be fatal.

Many microbes found in untreated human waste, including those that cause cholera, diarrhea, jaundice, and typhoid, are deadly. Insects, tainted food, and tainted water are two easy ways for the germs that cause these diseases to spread to humans. Therefore, untreated human excreta pose a health risk.

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According to the given information, the maximum distance between the satellite and the earth is 510 km.

The function that represents the elliptical route of the satellite is presented as follows;

[tex]\frac{x^2}{47,334,400} + \frac{y^2}{43,956,900}[/tex]

The compass of the Earth, R = ,370 km.

The equation of an cirque is presented as follows;

[tex]\frac{(x-h)^2}{a^2} + \frac{(y-k)^2}{b^2}[/tex]

a = The major axis( the longer axis), which gives the maximum distance

between the satellite and Earth.

b = The minor axis( the shorter axis)

By comparison, we get;

a² = 47,334,400 km²

Therefore;

a = √(47,334,400 km²) = 6,880 km.

The distance between the satellite and the face of the Earth, d, is given as follows;

d = a - R

Which gives;

d = 6,880 km - 6,370 km = 510 km

Distance between the satellite and the face of the Earth, d = 510 km.

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The youngest rock is the one with the largest ratio of daughter nuclei to parent nuclei, indicating that decay took place over the longest period of time. Oldest is Rock B.

According to geology, a rock is just a naturally occurring material made up of crystalline crystals of ore deposits that have fused to together form a solid mass. The minerals might not even have formed simultaneously.

They are a part of daily life and aid in the development of new technology. We use mineral deposits for things like construction, cosmetics, transportation, infrastructure, and appliances.

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In order to reach the Persian gulf from Iraq, we must have to travel through Kuwait.

Western Asia's Persian Gulf, often known as the Arabian Gulf, is a Mediterranean sea. The waterway, which is situated between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, is an extension of the Arabian Sea. By way of the Strait of Hormuz, it is joined to the Gulf of Oman in the east.

Persian Gulf is crucial because it accounts for approximately one-third of global oil production, holds more than half of global reserves of crude oil, and contributes significantly to global natural gas reserves.

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True, Economically significant trees like spruce will not fare as well in a moderately warming climate as less significant species.

The climate in savannas is pleasant all year round. In a savanna, there are actually two distinct seasons: a very lengthy dry season (winter) and a very wet season (summer). Only an average of 4 inches of rain fall during the dry season. There will be absolutely no rain between December and February. Surprisingly, the temperature is a little lower during this dry season. It is still just about 70 degrees F, so don't expect sweater weather.

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Answer: photochemical smog.

Explanation: i did ma research

Photochemical smog is the pollutant would you expect to be present in low concentrations during morning rush hour in a large city like chicago.

A mixture of pollutants known as photochemical smog is created when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds interact with sunlight, which explains why there is a brown cloud over cities. It tends to occur more frequently in the summer because that is when we get the most sunlight. principal pollutants.

Ground-level ozone gets its name from the photochemical reaction of air pollutants including nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds with UV radiation as a result, the O3 levels vary dramatically with season, with the summer seeing the highest levels.

It also has something to do with how many secondary pollutants there are. Oxides of nitrogen, such as nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, are typical examples of primary pollutants that contribute to photochemical haze.

Thus, it is Photochemical smog.

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It is to be noted that after Charleston and Baltimore, The South's next four largest cities had populations of 2,500 to 5,000. All were located in Virginia.

Charleston is the largest city in the United States state of South Carolina, the closest town of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston-North Charleston metropolitan area.

It is located on Charleston Harbor, an island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. The city of Charleston had a population of 150,277 people according to the 2020 census.

The Charleston metropolitan area, which included Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, had a population of 799,636 people in 2020, making it the third-largest in the state and the 74th-largest in the United States.

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