5g of LiCl is dissolved in 40 ml of water at 17°C. When the temperature of a solution rises to 40.3°C, the molar heat of a LiCl solution is 32.7 kJ/mol.
The molar heat of a solution(ΔH) is calculated by the formula
ΔH=q/n
Where, n-Number of moles
q- Energy of the system
q is calculated by the formula
q=m×c×ΔT
Where ΔT=(T_f-T_i)
T_f=40.3°C, T_i=17°C
ΔT=(40.3-17)°C=23.3°C
c=4.18 J/g°C
The mass of water is
m=40 ml×(1 g/1 ml)=40 g
Plug all values in the formula
q=40g×(4.18 J/g°C)×23.3°C
q=3895.76 J
The molar mass of LiCl is 42g/mol. Therefore, the moles of LiCl is
moles=5g×(1 mol/42 g)
moles=0.11905 mol
Hence, the molar heat of a solution is
ΔH=3895.76 J/0.11905 mol
ΔH=32723.7295 J/mol
Convert the value in kJ
ΔH=32723.7295 J/mol×(1 kJ/1000 J)
ΔH=32.7 kJ/mol
Therefore, the molar heat of a solution is 32.7 kJ/mol.
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which is generally stronger, intermolecular interactions or intramolecular interactions?
which is generally stronger, intermolecular interactions or intramolecular interactions?
intermolecular interactions are generally stronger.
intramolecular interactions are generally stronger.
these interactions are equally strong.
Intramolecular interactions are more stronger than intermolecular interactions.
The two types of forces that hold separate molecules and atoms together are intramolecular and intermolecular forces. The motion of atoms and molecules is governed by these forces. Intramolecular forces are those that hold the atoms together within a molecule. Chemical bonds are created as a result of these factors. Intermolecular forces are therefore substantially weaker than intramolecular forces.
When two atoms share electrons or give/take electrons from/to another atom, this is known as an intramolecular interaction. A covalent bond is referred to as when two atoms share electrons. Ionic bonds are created when one atom loses or gains an electron.
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a gas mixture composed of helium and argon has a density of 0.660 g/l at a 755 mmhg and 298 k. part a what is the composition of the mixture by volume?
The composition of the mixture by volume 62.1% He and 37.9% Ar.
PV = nRT
n = mass / mw
substitute and rearrange...
PV = (mass / mw) RT
mw = (mass / V) RT/P
and since density = mass / V
mw = (0.660g /L) x (0.08206 Latm/moleK) x (298K) / (755mmHg x 1atm/760mmHg)
mw = 17.61 g/mole
mole fraction He x molar mass He + mole fraction Ar x molar mass Ar = 17.61
and if we let χHe = mole fraction He.. then (1-χHe) = mole fraction Ar.. ie.
χHe x 4.003 + (1-χHe) x 39.95 = 17.61
-35.95 χHe = - 22.34
χHe = 0.621
χAr = 1-0.621 = 0.379
now.. what about volume well... if both gases are ideal, then PV= nRT ---> V/n = RT/P.. so at the constant T and P.. V/n = a constant.. ie.. V1/n1 = V2/n2.. ie.. V1/V2 = n1/n2..meaning this...
"volume ratio = mole ratio"
so. VHe / VAr = m0les H2 / m0les Ar.
and since mole fraction He = moles He / moles total and mole fraction Ar = moles Ar / moles total...
therefore..
mole fraction He / mole fraction Ar = [moles He / (moles total)] / [ moles Ar / (moles total)] = nHe / nAr
VHe / VAr = χHe / χAr = 0.621 / 0.379...
or if you prefer...
62.1% He and 37.9% Ar
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The H?X bond length is 105 pm and the H?Y bond length is 119 pm. What is true about the bonding in H?X and H?Y? Select the correct answer below:Question 18 options:There is greater orbital overlap between H and Y than between H and XThere is greater orbital overlap between H and X than between H and YH?Y is a stronger bond than H?XThe H?Y bond energy is greater than the H?X bond energy.
The correct statement here is There is greater orbital overlap between H and X than between H and Y
The atoms combine by colliding with each other. But what does this mean on the atomic level. This situation refers to the process in which the two atoms comes so close to each other that they penetrate each other’s orbital and form a new hybridized orbital where the bonding pair of electrons reside. This hybridized orbital has lower energy than the atomic orbital and hence are stable. It is in the minimum energy state. This partial penetration of the orbital is known as orbital overlap.
The extent of overlap generally depends on the two participating atoms, their size and the valence electrons. In general, the greater the overlap, the stronger the bond formed between the two atoms. Thus, according to the orbital overlap concept, atoms combine by overlapping their orbital and thus forming a lower energy state where their valence electrons with opposite spin, pair up to form covalent bonds.
In the above given case there is greater orbital overlap between H and X than between H and Y. This is because, more the bond length, more the distance between two nuclei and hence lesser the overlap.
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what is the change in the internal energy, in joules, of the system assuming there are no other changes (such as in temperature or by the addition of fuel)?
Assuming there are no other changes to the system, the change in internal energy is 0 joules.
This is because the internal energy of a system is a measure of the total amount of energy stored within the system. If there are no changes to the system, then the amount of energy stored in the system remains the same and thus the change in internal energy is 0 joules.
The Change in Internal Energy in a Closed SystemIs a unit of measurement used to determine the total amount of energy stored within a system. This amount of energy varies depending on the work done in the system, as well as the transferred between the system and its environment. When dealing with a closed system, i.e., a system that is not affected by any external change, the change in internal energy is zero.
This is because in a closed system, there is no work done and no heat transferred to the system. This means that the total amount of energy stored within the system does not change, so the change in internal energy is zero.
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22.6 grams of mercury ii nitrate, hg(no3)2 reacts with an excess of potassium, k. how many grams of mercury is formed? the other product is potassium nitrate, kno3.
Mass = 14.0 g of mercury is formed, 22.6 grams of mercury nitrate, hg(no3)2 reacts with an excess of potassium, k.
An inorganic substance with the formula Hg(NO3)2xH2O is mercury nitrate. Hot, concentrated nitric acid is used to process mercury to create it. By using X-ray crystallography, neither anhydrous nor monohydrate have been verified. The drug might have an impact on the kidneys, peripheral nervous system, and central nervous system. Ataxia, tremors. Given data: Mass of mercury nitrate = 22.17 g, Mass of mercury formed = ?
Solution:
Chemical equation:
Hg(NO₃)₂ + 2K → 2KNO₃ + Hg
Number of moles of mercury nitrate:, Number of moles = mass/molar mass, Number of moles = 22.17 g / 324.6 g/mol, Number of moles = 0.07 mol, Now we will compare the moles of Hg(NO₃)₂ and mercury.
Hg(NO₃)₂ : Hg
1 : 1
0.07 : 0.07
Mass of mercury: Mass = number of moles × molar mass, Mass = 0.07 mol × 200.6 g/mol
Mass = 14.0 g
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the equilibrium gdp must be greater than the full-employment gdp. imports must exceed exports. aggregate expenditures are greater at each level of gdp than when net exports are zero or negative. some other component of aggregate expenditures must be negative.
At every level of GDP, total expenditures are higher than they are when net exports are zero or negative.
What is the connection between GDP at equilibrium and GDP at full employment?The GDP at equilibrium is the GDP at full employment. GDP at equilibrium exceeds GDP at full employment when there is an inflationary gap. The GDP at equilibrium is too large. Spending must be cut or taxes must be increased in order to close the deficit; both actions will result in lower GDP.
What does GDP at equilibrium equal?When total supply and total demand are equal, an economy is considered to be operating at its equilibrium level of income. In other words, it occurs when the GDP and the total expenditure are identical.
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write the chemical formula of the gas produced when the following reactants are combined. h3po4 and fe2s3
The chemical formula of the gas produced when the following reactants are combined is H₂S ( hydrogen sulfide ).
The chemical reaction is given as :
Fe₂S₃ + H₃PO₄ ----> H₂S + FePO₄
to balance the chemical reaction the atoms in the reactant side equals to the atoms in the product side.
reactant product
Fe 2 2
S 3 1
H 3 2
P 1 1
O 4 4
to balance multiply the 2 in H₃PO₄ and 3 in H₂S and 2 in FePO₄ , we get the balanced chemical equation :
Fe₂S₃ + 2H₃PO₄ ----> 3H₂S + 2FePO₄
thus, the chemical equation is balanced. the chemical formula of gas is H₂S .
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a gas mixture contains three components: 28 g co, 2.0 g h2 and 8.0 g of o2. if the gases are at stp, what are the partial pressures of each gas? what is the total volume?
Answer: 1. If temperature is constant, the relationship between pressure and volume is
a. direct
b. inverse
2. If pressure is constant, the relationship between temperature and volume is
a. direct
b. Inverse
3. One way to increase pressure on a gas is to
a. decrease temperature
b. increase volume
c. increase the number of gas particles
d. lower the kinetic energy of the gas molecules
4. How do gas particles respond to an increase in volume?
a. increase in kinetic energy and decrease in temperature
b. decrease in kinetic energy and decrease in pressure
c. increase in temperature and increase in pressure
d. increase in kinetic energy and increase in temperature
5. If pressure of a gas is increased and its volume remains constant, what will happen to its temperature?
a. increase
b. decrease
c. stay the same
6. If a gases volume is decreased and pressure is constant, its temperature will
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain the same
7. If the temperature of a gas remains constant but pressure is decreased, the volume will
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain the same
8. Convert 2.3 atm into mmHg.
a. 2300 mmHg
b. 1750 mmHg
c. 2.3 mmHg
d. 0.0030 mmHg
9. Convert 6.7 liters into milliliters.
a. 0.0067 mL
b. 0.0088 mL
c. 5092 mL
d. 6700 mL
Name __________________________
Date _______________ Block ______
2.3 atm 760 mmHg = 1748 mmHg so sig.fig. = 1750mmHg
1 atm
6.7 L 1000 mL = 6700 mL
1 L
10. The pressure of a gas is 750.0 torr when its volume is 400.0 mL. Calculate the pressure (in atm) if the
gas is allowed to expand to 600.0 mL at constant temperature. (760 torr = 1 atm)
a. 0.660 atm
b. 1.48 atm P1V1 =P2V2 (0.987 atm)(400.0 mL) = x (600.0 mL)
c. 500.0 atm 0.6579 atm = x
d. 1125 atm
11. The volume of a gas is increased from 150.0 mL to 350.0 mL by heating it. If the original temperature of
the gas was 25.0 °C, what will its final temperature be (in °C)?
a. 146°C
b. 10.7°C V1 = V2 150 mL = 350.0 mL x = 695.33 K - 273 = 422°C
c. 58.3°C T1 T2 298 K X
d. 422°C
e. 695°C
12. A gas exerts a pressure of one atm at standard temperature (273.0 K). What must the temperature be
adjusted to for the gas to exert a pressure of 4.00 atm? (Give your answer in °C)
a. -205°C
b. 68.3°C P1 = P2 1 atm = 4 atm x = 1092 K or 819° C
c. 819°C T1 T2 273K X
d. 1092°C
13. A quantity of gas has a volume of 250.0 liters at 17.0°C and 3.00 atm of pressure. To what volume must
the gas be increased for the gas to be under STP conditions?
a. 78.4 L d. 771 L P1V1 = P2 V2 3 atm 250.0 mL = 1 atm X
b. 88.5 L e. 797 L T1 T2 290 K 273 K
c. 706 L 706 mL = X
14. What are standard temperature and pressure conditions for gases?
a. 0°C and 0 torr
b. 0 K and 760 torr
c. -273°C and 1 atm
d. 0°C and 760 torr
e. 0°C and 1 torr
15. If the volume of a confined gas is doubled while the temperature remains constant, what change (if any)
would be observed in the pressure?
a. It would be half as large.
b. It would double.
c. It would be four times as large.
d. It would be 1/4 as large.
e. It would remain the same.
16. A given mass of gas in a rigid container is heated from 100°C to 500°C. Which of the following
responses best describes what will happen to the pressure of the gas?
a. The pressure will decrease by a factor of five.
b. The pressure will increase by a factor of five.
c. The pressure will increase by a factor of about two. (Don’t forget to convert to Kelvin)
d. The pressure will increase by a factor of about eight.
e. The pressure will increase by a factor of about twenty-five.
17. Which of the following has the most molecules? (Think PV = nRT; so n = PV n is moles
a. 1.00 L of CH4 at 0°C and 1.00 atm RT
b. 1.00 L of N2 at 0°C and 1.00 atm R and V are the same in each problem. So n = P
c. 1.00 L of O2 at 20°C and 1.00 atm T
d. 1.00 L of CO2 at 50°C and 1.25 atm
e. 1.00 L of CO at 0°C and 1.25 atm
18. Avogadro stated that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure
have equal
a. numbers of molecules.
b. numbers of grams.
c. molar masses.
d. atoms.
e. speeds.
19. What volume of CH4 at 0°C and 1.00 atm contains the same number of molecules as 0.50 L of N2
measured at 27°C and 1.50 atm?
a. 0.37 L
b. 0.46 L
c. 0.68 L
d. 0.50 L
e. 0.82 L
20. If 3.0 L of helium at 20.0°C is allowed to expand to 4.4 L, with the pressure remaining the same, what is
the new temperature?
a. 702 K
b. 430 K
c. 157 K
d. -30.0 K
e. -55 K
21. At what temperature will 41.6 grams N2 exerts a pressure of 815 torr in a 20.0 L cylinder?
a. 134 K
b. 176 K
c. 238 K
d. 337 K
e. 400 K
22. A mixture of the gases neon and krypton is in a 2.00 liter container. The partial pressure of the neon is
0.40 atm and the partial pressure of the krypton is 1.20 atm. What is the mole fraction of neon?
a. 0.20
b. 0.25
c. 0.33
d. 0.60
e. 0.80
23. Which of the following gases has the greatest density at 0°C and 1 atm?
a. N2 28 g/mol
b. 02 32 g/mol
c. F2 38 g/mol
d. Ne 20 g/mol
e. CO 28 g/mol
starting with... PV = nRT remember n = (mass / mw)
substitute and rearrange...PV = (mass/mw) RT and mass / V = mw x P / (RT)
calculate the percentage of pyridine, c5h5n, that forms pyridinium ion, c5h5nh , in a 0.10 m aqueous pyridine solution.
find the proportion or pyridine, c5h5n, that produces the pyridinium ion [H₃O⁺] = 1.99×10¯¹⁴ M
What is the purpose of pyridine?In addition to being utilized as a solvent, pyridine is also used to create a wide range of goods, including insecticides, paints, synthetic fibres, adhesives, as waterproofing for clothing. In the environment, several natural materials can break down and produce pyridine.
Briefing
We'll begin by writing the balanced dissociation equation of pyridine. This is illustrated below:
C₅H₅N + H₂O <=> C₅H₆N⁺ + OH¯
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of C₅H₅N produced 1 mole of OH¯.
Therefore, 0.502 M C₅H₅N will also produce 0.502 M OH¯.
Fnally, we shall determine the concentration of hydronium ion, H₃O⁺ inthe solution. This can be obtained as follow:
Concentration of Hydroxide ion [OH¯] = 0.502 M
Concentration of hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] =?
[H₃O⁺] [OH¯] = 1×10¯¹⁴
[H₃O⁺] × 0.502 = 1×10¯¹⁴
Divide both side by 0.502
[H₃O⁺] = 1×10¯¹⁴ / 0.502
[H₃O⁺] = 1.99×10¯¹⁴ M
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how would you be able to distinguish an alcohol from a ketone when looking at the structure of these compounds? select all that apply.
The options, "1). The carbon signal from the carbon-oxygen bond in alcohol would have a low ppm value for its carbon- 13 NMR shift while the ketone carbon-oxygen signal would be at a much higher ppm value and 5) An alcohol would show hydrogen signals from its OH bond in the NMR spectrum while the ketone would not" are correct.
The carbon signal from the carbon-oxygen bond in alcohol is deshielded by the electron-withdrawing effect of the oxygen atom. This causes the signal to appear at a lower ppm value than the signal of carbon-oxygen bonds in ketones.
This is because the oxygen atom in ketones is slightly more electron-donating due to the inductive effect of the carbonyl group, thus resulting in a higher ppm value. In an NMR spectrum, alcohol will show a strong hydrogen signal from its OH bond due to the presence of hydrogen that can be easily shifted by an external magnetic field.
This signal will appear as a peak at a chemical shift of around 3.5 ppm. On the other hand, a ketone will not show a hydrogen signal from its OH bond in the NMR spectrum because it does not contain hydrogen that can be shifted by an external magnetic field.
Instead, the ketone will show signals from the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon, as well as from the carbonyl carbon itself. These signals will appear as peaks at chemical shifts ranging from 0-12ppm.
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how many equivalent resonance forms can be drawn for so2 without expanding octet on the sulfur atom (sulfur is the central atom)? question 8 options: a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) 3 e) 4
b) 2 is the equivalent resonance forms can be drawn for so2 without expanding octet on the sulfur atom.
When the bonding between two polyatomic ions or certain molecules cannot be described by a single Lewis formula, resonance is a means to describe the delocalized electrons inside those molecules or ions. Several resonance structures can be used to depict a molecule or an ion with such delocalized electrons.
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a compound is composed of carbon and hydrogen and has an empirical formula of ch. the molar mass of the compound is experimentally determined to be 78.12 g/mol. what is the molecular formula for the compound?a compound is composed of carbon and hydrogen and has an empirical formula of ch. the molar mass of the compound is experimentally determined to be 78.12 g/mol. what is the molecular formula for the compound
Molecular formula=n×(empirical formula)
We take the given empirical formula, work out its mass, and then solve for n.
And thus the molecular formula ≡ (CH)6 or C6H6.
What is a chemical compound?
A chemical compound is a substance made of numerous similar molecules (or molecular entities) joined by chemical bonds and comprising atoms from various chemical elements. Therefore, a molecule made up of only one type of atom is not a compound.Chemical reactions, which may entail interactions with other molecules, can change a compound into a distinct substance. Atomic bonds may be shattered or new ones created during this process.Compounds can be divided into four main categories based on the bonds that hold their individual atoms together. Covalent bonds hold together molecules, ionic bonds hold together ions, metallic bonds hold together intermetallic compounds, and coordinate covalent bonds hold coordination complexes together.To know more about chemical compounds, click the link given below:
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An aqueous solution of an unknown solute is tested with litmus paper and found to be basic. The solution is weakly conducting compared with a solution of NaCl of the same concentration. Which of the following substances could the unknown be:NaOHCH3COCH3NH3H3PO3HNO3
H₃PO₃ could be the unknown substance.
NaOH and NH₃are all basic so they must not be the unknown solute since the solution is acidic.
CH₃COCH₃ is a nonelectrolyte, which means it does not dissociate into ions when it dissolves in water. Acetone must not be the unknown since the solution is weakly conducted.
The two remaining candidates, HNO₃ and H₃PO₃ are both acids. The unknown solution does not conduct electricity as well as a solution of NaCl of the same concentration, which means that the unknown acid must not dissociate to the same extent as NaCl. Both NaCl and HNO₃ (a strong acid) dissociate 100%. Thus, the unknown solute must be H₃PO₃, which is known to be a weak acid (doesn't dissociate 100%).
What is the H3PO3 name?
Phosphorous acid (or phosphonic acid (singular)) is the compound described by the formula H3PO3. This acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not tricrotic as might be suggested by this formula.
What are the two colors of litmus paper?
Litmus paper is a strip of paper extracted from lichens, which is dipped into a solution to determine if it is an acid or base. Litmus papers are available in two colors, red and blue. Acidic solutions will change the color of the blue litmus to red strips.
Thus, the unknown substance is H3PO3.
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choose the molecule or compound that exhibits dispersion forces as its strongest intermolecular force. a) cl2 b) co c) hbr d) nacl
In addition to the London Dispersion Force, which is Cl2, the molecule or compounds CO, HF, and NaCl also possess additional intermolecular forces of attraction.
What are examples and compounds?a material created through the chemical bonding of two or more distinct components. Compounds include things like water, which is a combination of oxygen and hydrogen and salt, which is a combination of sodium and chloride. Table salt, water, and carbon dioxide are a few examples of compounds.
Which four sorts of compounds are there?Covalent bonds hold together molecules, ionic bonds hold together ions, metallic bonds hold together intermetallic compounds, and coordinate covalent bonds hold coordination complexes together. Compounds that are not stoichiometric represent a contentious edge case.
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which elements can have expanded octets? which elements can have expanded octets? elements in the second row of the periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets. elements in the third row of the periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets. elements in the fourth row of the periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets. elements in the fifth row of the periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets.
Elements in 3rd row of periodic table and beyond often exhibit expanded octets.
From one side of the periodic table to the next, properties of elements within a period change in a predictable way. Each period is represented by a horizontal row in the periodic table. The number of electron shells is the same for each atom in a line. As an element progresses through a period, it loses metallicity as a result of gaining electrons and protons. For elements in the same period, the number of electron shells is the same.
This arrangement takes into account the fact that as atomic number rises, similar features occur more frequently. From one side of the periodic table to the other, an element's properties shift in a predictable manner. Those who satisfy certain requirements are shown in a column.
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what is the difference in the d-electron coonfiguration of the metal ion that distinguishes the two sets
Answer:
Many transition metals will have electron configurations slightly different than those predicted by using the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule.
For example, using these rules would produce an electron configuration for copper of [Ar] 4s2 3d9. The actual electron configuration for copper will move one electron from the 4s sublevel into the 3d sublevel resulting in [Ar] 4s1 3d10. The copper 1+ ion will have an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s0 3d10 and the copper 2+ ion will have an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s0 3d9. Many other transition elements will show movement of electrons from the highest energy s sublevel into the d sublevel one energy below.
Explanation: here cutie hope it helps ;)
For each of the following reactions, indicate if the equilibrium mixture contains mostly products, mostly reactants, or both reactants and products:
A. H2(g)+Cl2(g)⇄2HCl(g) Kc=1.3×1034
B. 2NOBr(g)⇄2NO(g)+Br2(g) Kc=2.0
C. 2H2S(g)+CH4(g)⇄CS2(g)+4H2(g) Kc=5.3×10−8
Indicate if the equilibrium mixture for each of the following reactions contains predominantly products, mostly reactants, or both reactants and products are reactants are dominating and lie to the left because Kc=1.
What are the basic reactions?Combination or synthesis, breakdown, single displacement, double displacement, or combustion are the five different types of generic chemical reactions.
What are 10 reactions examples?Oxidation, which results from a reaction caused by oxygen, is the process that causes rusting.Digestion. Acid-Base Reactions, Photosynthesis, Detergent and Soap Reactions, Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Reactions is a quarterly online publication from MDPI that is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal covering reaction chemistry and engineering.
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2. what trend do you see in the speed of the reaction as you go down the column in a chemical family
Period. As you move first from left to the right, reactivity rises. Group reactivity diminishes from top to bottom.
What does the term "response" mean?Resistant or opposition to something like a source, influence, or motion is referred to as reaction, pronounced re-ak-shn. — particularly: a reaction to a particular procedure, circumstance, or stimulus; leaning more towards a past and typically antiquated societal or political system or policy.
What do the terms reaction and example mean?A response is an action that is taken as a result of anything. You can tell if your parent are upset if you tell them about want to relocate out by their response. A reaction frequently has a physical component.
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use the ionic bonding model to determine which has the higher melting point, nacl or mgo . explain your answer.
By using the ionic bonding model, the highest melting point has MgO, due to presence to more ionic charge than NaCl.
Ions having opposing charges electrostatically attract one another to form ionic bonds, sometimes referred to as electrovalent bonds, in a chemical molecule. When the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are irreversibly transferred to another atom, a bond of this sort is created. If an atom receives electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion (cation), and if it loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion (cation) (anion). Following is a quick discussion on ionic bonds. For further information, go visit Chemical Bonding: The Ionic Bonding Process. The greatest examples of this kind of chemical are those that result from the combination of nonmetals with alkali and alkaline-earth metals. Ionic bonding results in the formation of electrovalent or ionic molecules. genuine polar covalent bond
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Using VSEPR theory, predict the electron group geometry, molecular shape, and the bond angles in a molecule that contains 6 electron groups (5 bonds and 1 lone pair electrons).
a. octahedral, octahedral, 90°
b. octahedral, square planar, 90°
c. octahedral, square pyramidal, 90°
The electron group geometry is octahedral, the molecular shape is square pyramidal while the bond angles in the molecule 90°.
What VSEPR theory?We know that the VSEPR theory is the acronym that stands for the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory. This is the theory that states that the number of electron pairs that we have on the outermost shell of the central atom is what would tell us the electron group geometry of the compound.
On the other hand, when we are looking at the molecular geometry, we are going to put up our attention on the number of bonding groups that do surround the central atom of the molecule.
For the compound as we know it from the question that we have above, it is said that the molecule that contains 6 electron groups (5 bonds and 1 lone pair electrons). This implies that the molecular geometry would be different from the electron group geometry.
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Combustion of hydrocarbons such as hexane () produces carbon dioxide, a "greenhouse gas. " greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere can trap the sun's heat, raising the average temperature of the earth. For this reason there has been a great deal of international discussion about whether to regulate the production of carbon dioxide.
In this reaction we getting carbon dioxide and water as products.
What is combustion?
Fuel (hydrocarbon) and oxygen react chemically during combustion to produce heat. The release of heat and light energy occurs when fuel and oxygen react. Afterward, the flame is produced by heat and light energy.
What is temperature?
The average kinetic energy of all the atoms or molecules in a given substance, which is used to determine its temperature. A substance's particle's kinetic energy varies among its constituent parts. The distribution of the particles' kinetic energy can be used to depict it at any given moment.
Burning of hydrocarbon in the presence of oxygen is called combustion reaction. In this reaction we getting carbon dioxide and water as products.
Therefore, In this reaction we getting carbon dioxide and water as products.
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When the halohydrin is treated with nah, a product of molecular formula c4h8o is formed. Draw the structure of the product and indicate its stereochemistry.
To make the leaving group and the nucleophile anti-periplanar to one another, the carbon-carbon bond is rotated. The epoxide is created by intramolecular SN2.
Examples of stereochemistry and what it is.The study of a molecule's three-dimensional structure is known as stereochemistry. The sole structural difference between the cis and trans isomers, which are types of stereoisomers, is where the atoms of the molecule are situated in three dimensions. These stereoisomers may differ in their chemical and physical characteristics.
What is stereochemistry in R and S?Stereocenters have a R or S designation: The enantiomers of a chiral substance are referred to by the terms "right hand" and "left hand" in naming.
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in terms of bonding, simply explain why silicate materials have relatively low densities. (0.5 points)
Silicate material have relatively low densities because of the covalent character in the bonds.
The silicate material have relatively low densities because of the presence of the covalent character between the interatomic bonding of Si and O.
This covalent character decreases the packing efficiency of the lattice of the silicates.
Also, because of the presence of the Frenkle effect in the lattice of silicate materials. It is easily founded in the silicates which result in the relatively low densities.
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Double Replacement Worksheet
If an aqueous solution of lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) is mixed with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride (KCl) the precipitate is?
1. K(NO3)2.
2. KNO3.
3. No precipitate is formed.
4. PbCl.
5. PbCl2.
If an aqueous solution of lead ( II ) nitrate ( Pb ( NO₃ )₂ ) is mixed with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride ( KCl ) the precipitate is PbCl₂. Therefore, option 5 is correct.
What is potassium chloride ?A metal halide salt made of potassium and chlorine is known as potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt). It looks like a white or colorless vitreous crystal and has no smell. The material easily dissolves in water, and its solutions taste salty.
Potassium nitrate and lead chloride are produced when aqueous KCl and lead nitrate ( Pb ( NO₃ )₂ ) combine. Because PbCl₂ is soluble in water but precipitates out, the metathesis reaction has taken place.
As a result, option 5 is correct.
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Which of the following Lewis structures would be an incomplete octet? A) NF3 B) SO2 C) BCI3 D) CF4 E) SO3^2-
C) BCI3 is the Lewis structure would be an incomplete octet.
The octet refers to the eight electrons in the outermost shell of each atom. The boron trichloride forms an incomplete octet and hence it does not obeys octet rule.
The central atom boron forms three covalent compounds from the three outermost electrons in the atom. The reason for covalent bond is non-metal characteristic of each atom. The electron sharing occurs with chlorine. However, each chlorine has complete octet. Boron trichloride is an inorganic compound used in organic synthesis.
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Complete the mechanism for the given reaction by adding the missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows. Do not delete any pre-drawn bonds, charges, or lone pairs. If you accidentally delete a vital part of the structure, use the undo button on the lower left of the drawing canvas.
The mechanism for the given reaction is illustrated in the attached picture by adding the missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows.
Organic Reaction Mechanism
An organic reaction mechanism is typically represented by the designation of the overall reaction type (which may be substitution, addition, elimination, oxidation, reduction, or rearrangement), the presence of any reactive intermediates, the nature of the reagent that initiates the reaction, the presence of any catalysis facilitated by a catalyst, and, finally, its stereochemistry.
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a diatomic element has six bonding electrons, six non-bonding electrons, and 2 anti-bonding electrons. what is the bond order?
a diatomic element has six bonding electrons, six non-bonding electrons, and 2 anti-bonding electrons. the bond order is the pairing of two atoms with those atoms.
This is an atomic-level phenomenon in which elements share electrons to fill their valence shells.
You can also combine two or more substances into a compound.
According to molecular orbital theory, the bond order is half the difference between the bonding and antibonding electrons.
Mathematically, bond order = 0.5 (number of bond electrons – number of antibond electrons)
element bond electrons = 6
element antibonding electrons = 2
difference = bond electron - antibond electron
= 6 - 2
= 4
bond order = (0.5)*(difference)
bond order = (0.5)*(4)
bond order = 2
The bonding order of diatomic elements is 2, with 6 bonding electrons, 6 non-bonding electrons, and 2 anti-bonding electrons.
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a 10.0 ml of 0.121 m h2so4 is neutralized by 17.1 ml of koh solution. the molarity of the koh solution is
10.0 ml of 0.121 m h2so4 is neutralized by 17.1 ml of Koh solution. the molarity of the Koh solution is: A balanced chemical equation is: H2SO4 + 2 KOH ---> K2SO4 + 2 H2O
Molar concentration is the degree of the concentration of a chemical species, especially of a solute in a solution, in phrases of amount of substance according to the unit extent of answer. In chemistry, the most generally used unit for molarity is the variety of moles in step with liter, having the unit image mol/L or mol/dm³ in SI unit.
Solution:-
H2SO4 + 2 KOH ---> K2SO4 + 2 H2O
Here:
M(H2SO4)=0.121 M
V(H2SO4)=10.0 mL
V(KOH)=17.1 mL
According to the balanced reaction:
2*number of mol of H2SO4 =1*number of mol of KOH
2*M(H2SO4)*V(H2SO4) =1*M(KOH)*V(KOH)
2*0.121*10.0 = 1*M(KOH)*17.1
M(KOH) = 0.1415 M
Answer: 0.1415 M
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Which of the following ionic compounds would be expected to have the highest lattice energy? A) KI B) KBr C) KCl D) KF
The ionic compounds that would be expected to have the highest lattice energy is KF>KCl>KBr>KI.
Lattice energy can be defined as the energy required to convert one mole of an ionic solid into gaseous ionic constituents. Alternatively, it can be defined as the energy that must be supplied to one mole of an ionic crystal in order to separate it into gaseous ions in a vacuum via an endothermic process.
As we increase the ion charge variable, lattice energy generally increases. This means that ions with larger charge values will produce ionic compounds with greater lattice energies. In turn, the ions that are possessing weaker charges decrease the lattice energies of their compounds.
Lattice energy is directly proportional to the charge of the ions and inversely proportional to the size of the ions. Thus lattice energy increases as the size of anion decreases.
Therefore the order here would be KF>KCl>KBr>KI.
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a calorimeter is used to measure the combustion of 5.00 grams of h2 gas under 62.0 grams of water. the energy measured using the water was 4,432 j. what is the heat lost or gained by the total reaction?
The Negative sign indicate the loss of heat - 1.772 kJ / mol.
What is a calorimeter ?
A calorimeter is a tool used to gauge how much heat is generated during a chemical or physical process. For instance, when an exothermic reaction takes place in solution in a calorimeter, the heat generated by the reaction is absorbed by the solution, raising its temperature.
What is a moles?
The mole, which is denoted by the symbol "mol," is the volume of a system that includes as many elementary particles as there are atoms in 0.012 kilograms of carbon 12.
The energy measured using the water, Q = 4432 J The molar mass of H2 = 2 g/mol
The no. of moles in 5 g of H2, nH2 = mass / molar mass
nH2 = 5 / 2 nH2
= 2.5 mol
For 1 mol = 4432 J / 2.5 mol
= 1772.8 J /mol
= 1.772 kJ / mol
= - 1.772 kJ / mol.
Therefore, Negative sign indicate the loss of heat
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