In a closed economy, saving and investment must be equal, but this is not the case in an open economy. In the following problem, you will explore how saving and investment are connected to the international flow of capital and goods in an economy. Before delving into the relationship between these various components of an economy, you will be asked to recall some relationships between aggregate variables that will be useful in your analysis.

Recall the components that makeup GDP. National income (Y) equals total expenditure on the economy's output of goods and services. Thus, where C= consumption, I= investment, G =government purchases, X=exports, M =imports, and NX= net exports.
Y= _____

Also, national saving is the income of the nation that is left after paying for _____. Therefore, national saving (S) equals:
S=_____

Rearranging the previous equation and solving for Y yields, Y= _____ Plugging this into the original equation showing the various components of GDP results in the following relationship:
S=_____

Answer:

Y = C + I + G + NX

S = Y - C

S = I + G + NX

Explanation:

National Income Y = C + I + G + NX ; {where consumption, investment, government purchases, net exports ie exports - imports are corresponding expenditure of households, firms, government, rest of the world}

National Saving (S) is income (Y) left after paying for consumption (C) . So, S = Y - C

Using above equations, Y = C + S , Y = C + I + G + NX

C + S = C + I + G + NX

So, S = I + G + NX

Penny Arcades, Inc., is trying to decide between the following two alternatives to finance its new $28 million gaming center: a. Issue $28 million of 6% bonds at face amount. b. Issue 1 million shares of common stock for $28 per share. 2. Which alternative results in the highest earnings per share