As the chief operations manager in a manufacturing organization in regional NSW, the actions that should be taken with regard to crisis communications and conducting an investigation in the event of a large fire that has resulted in an employee’s death and severe injury.
Actions to take regarding investigation are as follows:
Secure the scene – Establishing a safe perimeter around the site to prevent further accidents and provide a safe environment for the investigation team to work.
Collect evidence - Conduct a thorough investigation to identify the cause of the fire and to gather all the information needed to ensure it doesn't happen again. Identify the source of the fire and look for clues to determine the cause of the accident.
Document the scene – The scene needs to be documented for investigative purposes, this will include taking photographs and drawing diagrams to record the location and extent of the damage.
Speak with witnesses – Obtain statements from all the employees who were present at the time of the accident and interview them individually to get their accounts of what happened.
Crisis Communications:- Immediately notify stakeholders - Ensure all stakeholders are notified of the incident as soon as possible, including employees, suppliers, customers, and shareholders, and provide them with regular updates throughout the process.
Appoint a spokesperson - A designated spokesperson will manage communications with the media and ensure that accurate information is being provided.
Communicate regularly - It is important to communicate regularly to keep stakeholders informed about the progress being made on the investigation and what is being done to prevent similar incidents from happening again.
Maintaining good media and community image:-
Express compassion - When speaking to the media and members of the community, express your condolences for the loss of life and any injuries that have been suffered.
Emphasize safety - Emphasize that the company is committed to safety and that it will take all necessary steps to prevent accidents in the future.
Follow through with commitments - Follow through with any commitments that have been made to the community and employees, and keep stakeholders updated on progress being made.
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COVID-19 has affected all aspects of life as we know. This transition to an online setting has been difficult for many students as well as faculty. You all made class enjoyable and it was an honor to have each one of you in my class. I applaud you on your resilience and flexibility during this process. That being said there is always room for improvement. For this discussion I would like for you to provide your opinions about this class. Please answer the following questions: Was there anything that interfered with your learning? How can I make this class a better experience for coming semesters online or in person? Any other complaints, requests, or advice you would like to mention feel free to.
These recommendations will help improve the learning experience of the students, making it more engaging and informative.
To make the class a better experience for coming semesters, certain improvements are recommended. In order to achieve that, the use of interactive media should be increased to hold student's interest. Simultaneously, it would be great if the professor can provide a regular feedback of the students' performance during the course. Lastly, the class policies should be communicated to students from the beginning of the semester.
COVID-19 has brought changes in all aspects of life. With the transition to online classes, many students have found it difficult to cope. The professor should be applauded for making class enjoyable. The following recommendations can be made to make the class a better experience for coming semesters: Interactive media should be used more to hold student's interest.
Provide regular feedback on the students' performance.
Communicate the class policies from the beginning of the semester.
These recommendations will help improve the learning experience of the students, making it more engaging and informative.
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Explain how trade imbalances in the global supply chain impact the trading activities of the countries in the world. What are the mitigation measures for addressing these trade imbalances? Which parties benefit from such and which ones lose out?
Trade imbalances in the global supply chain occur when countries import more goods than they export. This imbalance creates a negative trade balance and negatively impacts trading activities of the countries in the world. Trade imbalance can lead to a trade war between countries as they attempt to protect their domestic industries.
The impact of trade imbalances in the global supply chain is that it leads to a surge in imports which hurts the domestic industries. The increased imports lead to the loss of jobs in the affected industries.
They have a ready market for their goods and are able to generate income and create jobs within their domestic markets. Mitigation measures to address trade imbalances include encouraging exports, increasing domestic consumption, and implementing import substitution strategies.
For instance, countries can use tariffs or quotas to limit the amount of imports allowed into the country, while at the same time, increasing exports. Additionally, countries can engage in bilateral or multilateral trade agreements to create a fair trade environment, eliminate trade barriers, and create incentives to increase exports.
The parties that benefit from such measures are the exporting countries, the domestic industries in importing countries that are protected, and consumers in the importing countries that enjoy lower prices. The parties that lose out are the domestic industries in exporting countries that are not protected, and the consumers in importing countries that pay higher prices.
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Which statement is true about billable expenses?A default markup dollar amount can be addedInvoicing for a billable expense must always be posted to an income accountThe purchase transaction related to a billable expense can be posted to an income accountThe purchase transaction related to a billable expense can be posted to another asset account
The statement "The purchase transaction related to a billable expense can be posted to another asset account" is true. The correct statement is d).
When recording a purchase transaction for a billable expense, it is common to post it to an asset account, such as an accounts payable or a specific expense account.
This allows for proper tracking of the expense until it is billed to the customer. Once the billable expense is invoiced to the customer, it can then be posted to an income account to recognize the revenue and offset the expense.
Additionally, a default markup dollar amount can be added when invoicing for billable expenses, but it is not required. The correct answer is d).
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " Which statement is true about billable expenses?
a default markup dollar amount can be added
b invoicing for a billable expense must always be posted to an income account
c The purchase transaction related to a billable expense can be posted to an income account
d The purchase transaction related to a billable expense can be posted to another asset account"--
What is quantitative easing? It is an example of contractionary monetary policy where the central bank sells longer-term assets that are not normally sold to commercial banks. It is an example of expansionary monetary policy where the central bank sells longer-term assets that are not normally sold to commercial banks. It is an example of expansionary monetary policy where the central bank purchases longer-term assets that are not normally purchased from commercial banks. It is an example of contractionary monetary policy where the central bank purchases longer-term assets that are not normally purchased from commercial banks.
Quantitative easing is an example of expansionary monetary policy where the central bank purchases longer-term assets that are not normally purchased from commercial banks.
What is quantitative easing?Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy where a central bank purchases securities, typically longer-term government bonds, from commercial banks and other financial institutions, in order to increase the supply of money and reduce interest rates. This results in an increase in the money supply, which makes it easier for consumers and businesses to borrow money in order to increase spending, which in turn, can help stimulate economic growth.
This is an example of expansionary monetary policy as it helps to expand the money supply. When interest rates are low, banks are more willing to lend, which can lead to increased spending by businesses and consumers. This increased spending can help to stimulate economic growth. Therefore, the central bank purchases longer-term assets that are not normally purchased from commercial banks in order to expand the money supply and increase economic activity.
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You are the CFO of "Magic Candles Inc." a public company with stocks traded at TSX. You are located in New Westminster, BC. The marketing team of your company has just come up with a new product strategy where the company needs to start producing candles from eco-friendly materials. The estimated investment into this new production is $1,000,000. The company has 1.0 debt/equity ratio. The book value of assets is $9,000,000. The CEO is very excited about this new endeavour and asked you to decide how you are going to finance it. The company does not have internal funds available and needs to use debt or equity financing. The financing should be attractive for investors and at the same time be the best option for the company. The options you are thinking about are 1. Issue bonds. 1,000 bonds with a face value of $1,000 and 8% semi-annual coupon with 5 years to maturity. You think that the bond can be priced in the market for $980. 2. Issue shares and place them at TSX. To finance the new product line, the company can issue 9,000 shares. The last dividend paid was $4.50, and the dividends are growing at a constant rate of 2.8%. 3. Take a loan for 5 years at 7% compounded semi-annually. Questions: 1. What is more attractive for investors: bonds or stocks? Provide calculations for each of the options. Additionally, discuss risk and reward in relation to these options as well as other advantages and disadvantages of debt and equity for an investor. 2. What is the best financing for the company? Remember that debt costs are expenses and are deducted before taxation. The company tax rate is 30%. Additionally, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of debt and equity for this company (capital structure and impact on cash flows). Provide calculations to support your argument.
1. What is more attractive for investors: bonds or stocks? Provide calculations for each of the options. Additionally, discuss risk and reward in relation to these options as well as other advantages and disadvantages of debt and equity for an investor.
Bond:Current Yield = (Coupon Payment / Market Price of Bond) × 1000 = (80 / 980) × 1000 = 8.16%Yield to Maturity = 8.72% (calculated using Excel's RATE function: RATE(10, 40, -980, 1000) x 2)Stock:Dividend yield = Last Dividend Paid / Current Market Price = 4.5 / x = 0.045 x = $100Dividend in Year 1 = 4.5 x (1 + 2.8%) = 4.632Dividend in Year 2 = 4.632 x (1 + 2.8%) = 4.765Dividend in Year 3 = 4.765 x (1 + 2.8%) = 4.900Dividend in Year 4 = 4.900 x (1 + 2.8%) = 5.037Dividend in Year 5 = 5.037 x (1 + 2.8%) = 5.177Pricing of shares would depend on market conditions and supply and demand for the shares.
The current market price is assumed to be the same as the par value. The estimated dividend growth rate of 2.8% is also an assumption based on past trends. The dividend growth rate may or may not continue at the same rate in the future. Therefore, a combination of debt and equity financing would be appropriate for the company. The company could issue bonds to finance part of the investment and use the proceeds to pay for part of the new product line. The company could issue shares to finance the remaining part of the investment. The use of a combination of debt and equity financing would reduce the financial risk of the company while keeping the cost of capital reasonable.
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A single-price monopoly: asks each consumer what single price they would be willing to pay. sells each unit of its output for the single, highest price that the buyer of that unit is willing to pay sets a single, different price for each consumer. sets a single, different price for each of two different groups. sets a single price for all consumers.
A single-price monopoly is a monopoly in which the firm sells all of its output at the same price. This is also known as a uniform price monopoly. A single-price monopoly is a type of monopoly that sets a single price for all consumers.
This is in contrast to other types of monopolies, such as price discrimination monopolies, that set different prices for different groups of consumers.A single-price monopoly sets a single price for all consumers, regardless of their willingness to pay. This means that some consumers may be willing to pay more than the price set by the monopoly, while others may not be willing to pay the price set by the monopoly.
However, the monopoly does not discriminate between these consumers, and charges the same price to all of them.A single-price monopoly may be beneficial for the firm, as it simplifies pricing decisions and reduces administrative costs. However, it may also lead to inefficiencies, as the monopoly is not able to capture the full value of its product from consumers who are willing to pay more than the price set by the monopoly.
In conclusion, a single-price monopoly sets a single price for all consumers. This is in contrast to other types of monopolies, such as price discrimination monopolies, that set different prices for different groups of consumers. A single-price monopoly may be beneficial for the firm, as it simplifies pricing decisions and reduces administrative costs. However, it may also lead to inefficiencies, as the monopoly is not able to capture the full value of its product from consumers who are willing to pay more than the price set by the monopoly.
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Suppose you want to enter a forward contract on soybeans, where you agree to buy 10,000 bushels (about 272,000 kg) of soybeans in six months. Suppose it costs $0.50 per bushel (in present value terms) to store soybeans for six months, and suppose that the current market price for soybeans is $12.50 per bushel. Suppose the six-month zero rate is 1.0% per annum with continuous compounding. As a reminder, soybeans are consumed and used in production.
(a) What can you say about the forward price Fo for such a contract? Either give me an exact value, or lower/upper bounds for the price. Express your value(s) per bushel.
(b) Suppose you observe that the market price for such a forward contract is $12.20 per bushel. Is this an arbitrage opportunity? If so, describe the arbitrage strategy. If not, explain why this is not an arbitrage. Either way, keep your explanation short: 2 sentences maximum.
(a) Forward price for such a contract can be computed as follows: Forward price (Fo)
= Spot price × e^(Rf × T), where Rf is the risk-free rate and T is the time to maturity. Here,Spot price
= $12.50 per bushel, Rf
= 1.0% per annum with continuous compounding,
T = 6/12
= 0.5 (as six months
= 0.5 year)
= $12.50 × e^(0.01 × 0.5)
= $12.5665 (rounded off to four decimal places).The cost of storage is $0.50 per bushel (in present value terms).
= $13.00 per bushel. The lower bound on the forward price is equal to the spot price because the seller can store the soybeans for six months and then deliver them in the forward contract.
Therefore, the lower bound on Fo is $12.50 per bushel. Hence, the bounds on the forward price Fo are:$12.50 ≤ Fo ≤ $13.00 per bushel.(b) Yes, this is an arbitrage opportunity because the market price of $12.20 per bushel is less than the lower bound of $12.50 per bushel computed in part (a). Hence, an arbitrageur can buy soybeans at the current market price of $12.20
= $0.80 per bushel. Therefore, the arbitrage strategy is to buy soybeans at the current market price, store them for six months, and then sell them in the forward market at the lower bound price.
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] The following is financial information describing the six operating segments that make up Fairfield. Inc. (in thousands): Consider the following questions independently. None of the six segments have a primarily financial nature. What volume of revenues must a single customer generate to necessitate disclosing the existence of a major customer? (Enter yc swer in dollars but not in thousands.) The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] The following is financial information describing the six operating segments that make up Fairfleid, inc. (in thousands: Consider the following questions independently. None of the six segments have a primarily financial nature. Now assume each of these six segments has a profit or loss (in thousands) as follows, which warrants separate disclosure?
The volume of revenues that a single customer must generate to necessitate disclosing the existence of a major customer can be calculated as follows:
Segment Revenue A 200,000B 400,000C 800,000D 100,000E 50,000F 150,000Total 1,700,000A single customer is considered a major customer if it generates 10% or more of the company's revenue. Therefore, we need to find the 10% of the total revenue.10% of 1,700,000 is:1,700,000 × 10% = $170,000Therefore, if a single customer generates revenues of more than 170,000, it is necessary to disclose the existence of a major customer.
Now, assuming each of the six segments has a profit or loss (in thousands) as follows, which warrants separate disclosure: Segment Profit/Loss A 25B 50C (40)D (10)E (5)F (15)Any segment that reports an operating loss of $20,000 or more warrants separate disclosure as per the accounting standards. Thus, Segment C is the only one that meets this criterion and warrants separate disclosure.
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imagine a bank that offers 8% annual earnings on savings accounts.
As an avid saver, you decide to put $40 in your savings account
every month. If the bank requires a $50 deposit to create the
account
Imagine a bank that offers 8 % annual earnings on savings accounts. As an av If the bank requires a $ 50 deposit to create the account and interest is compo Let p_{n} be defined as
Imagine a bank that offers 8% annual earnings on savings accounts.As an avid saver, you decide to put $40 in your savings account every month.
The p₆ = $52.03 (rounded off to the nearest cent). Hence, the value of p₆ is $52.03.
To calculate the value of p₆, which represents the amount in the savings account after six months, we can use the compound interest formula. Let's break down the calculation step by step:
Given:
- Initial deposit (P) = $50
- Annual interest rate (r) = 8% = 0.08
- Monthly interest rate (R) = r/12 = 0.08/12 = 0.00667 (0.667%)
- Number of times compounded in a year (n) = 12
- Total time for six months (t) = 6/12 = 0.5 years
To calculate the compound interest for the first month:
P(1 + R)^nt = $50(1 + 0.00667)^1 = $50.33 (rounded off to the nearest cent)
For the second month:
New principal = P + compound interest from the first month = $50 + $0.33 = $50.33
Compound interest = P(1 + R)^nt - P = $50.33(1 + 0.00667)^1 - $50 = $0.33
For the third month:
New principal = $50.33 + $0.33 = $50.67
Compound interest = P(1 + R)^nt - P = $50.67(1 + 0.00667)^1 - $50.33 = $0.34
For the fourth month:
New principal = $50.67 + $0.34 = $51.01
Compound interest = P(1 + R)^nt - P = $51.01(1 + 0.00667)^1 - $50.67 = $0.34
For the fifth month:
New principal = $51.01 + $0.34 = $51.35
Compound interest = P(1 + R)^nt - P = $51.35(1 + 0.00667)^1 - $51.01 = $0.34
For the sixth month:
New principal = $51.35 + $0.34 = $51.69
Compound interest = P(1 + R)^nt - P = $51.69(1 + 0.00667)^1 - $51.35 = $0.34
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What do you believe are the most significant ways that historical context influenced the development of classical management theories? Why? Have there been new universal management theories, or do all modern management theories arise from classical management theories and practices? Explain your answer.
Modern management theories have built upon and expanded upon classical management theories and practices, such as the Industrial Revolution and the growth of large-scale organizations, while addressing evolving challenges and incorporating new perspectives.
Historical context played a significant role in influencing the development of classical management theories in several ways:
Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution, which occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, brought about major changes in the nature of work and production.
The emergence of factories and mass production necessitated new management approaches to coordinate and control large numbers of workers effectively.
This historical context provided the impetus for the development of scientific management principles by Frederick Taylor and others.
Expansion of Organizations: The growth of large-scale organizations, such as railways and manufacturing companies, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries presented challenges in terms of coordination, efficiency, and control. This context influenced the development of bureaucratic management theories by Max Weber, emphasizing formalized rules, hierarchy, and clear division of labor.
Efficiency and Productivity Focus: The historical context of the early 20th century, with its emphasis on efficiency and productivity, heavily influenced the development of classical management theories.
Scientific management, advocated by Taylor, aimed to maximize efficiency through the application of scientific methods and the division of labor.
Regarding the existence of new universal management theories, it can be argued that modern management theories have built upon and expanded upon classical management theories and practices rather than completely replacing them.
Many modern theories and approaches, such as contingency theory, systems theory, and total quality management, have their roots in classical management principles.
Classical management theories provided foundational concepts and principles that are still relevant today, but they may not fully address the complex and dynamic nature of contemporary organizations.
New management theories have emerged to address evolving challenges, changing organizational structures, and a greater understanding of human behavior and motivation in the workplace.
Therefore, while new management theories have been developed, they often draw upon the principles and ideas established by classical management theories.
Modern theories build upon and refine these foundations, incorporating new perspectives and insights to address the complexities of contemporary organizations.
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Why is ethics critical to successful strategic planning in the
21st century?
In the 21st century, ethics is critical to successful strategic planning. Below are some of the reasons why ethics is critical to successful strategic planning: Ethics sets the tone for decision making: Ethical values and principles establish the tone and context for decision-making in strategic planning.
They also assist leaders in maintaining their principles and ensuring that their behaviour aligns with their organization's objectives. Ethical considerations should be a part of strategic planning discussions, as they can help establish a shared vision and guide decision-making.Corporate social responsibility is enhanced: Corporate social responsibility is a significant aspect of successful strategic planning in the 21st century. The focus on sustainability, responsibility, and environmental protection is one example. These responsibilities are critical to the long-term success of businesses in the 21st century, which rely on the support of their stakeholders, such as employees, consumers, and investors. Ethics helps businesses to balance their social responsibilities with their corporate objectives.Business risk is reduced: Ethical considerations can be a critical factor in assessing risk in strategic planning. Leaders who value ethical considerations when making decisions are more likely to be proactive in addressing the risks that they identify. Ethical considerations are also useful in crisis management and can assist companies in navigating through difficult times.Stronger organizational culture is developed: Organizations that place a strong emphasis on ethics have a better chance of developing a positive culture, which is critical to success in the 21st century. A strong ethical culture can enhance employee engagement, reduce turnover, and boost productivity.
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True or False: Every finite extensive-form game of imperfect
information admits at least one pure-strategy Nash equilibrium.
Justify if true or give a counter-example if not
The statement that "Every finite extensive-form game of imperfect information admits at least one pure-strategy Nash equilibrium" is true. A pure strategy Nash equilibrium is a situation in a game where each player has made their best choice and no player has an incentive to change their strategy given the other player's choices.
The Nash equilibrium is named after Nobel Prize-winning economist John Nash. This principle is used in game theory, which is a branch of mathematics and economics that models decision-making in situations where multiple players interact with each other and have competing interests. In a finite extensive-form game of imperfect information, there exists at least one Nash equilibrium that is in pure strategy.
The proof of the theorem relies on backward induction. It states that for each subgame of the original game, we can identify the Nash equilibria of that subgame. This is true because, in the subgame, each player knows the strategies of the other players. Therefore, they can predict each other's moves and choose their own strategies accordingly. From this, we can work backwards until we reach the root of the game tree, where the Nash equilibrium of the entire game can be found. Therefore, we can conclude that the statement is true.
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explain how consumer practices (eg shoplifting, improper returns, and product liability claims) affect prices
Consumer practices such as shoplifting, improper returns, and product liability claims can lead to higher prices for consumers.
Consumer practices such as shoplifting, improper returns, and product liability claims can have an impact on prices in various ways.
1. Shoplifting: Shoplifting refers to the act of stealing merchandise from a store without paying for it. When shoplifting occurs, retailers face financial losses. To compensate for these losses, retailers may increase the prices of their products. This is because they need to cover the cost of stolen goods and prevent further losses.
2. Improper returns: Improper returns involve returning products to stores in a condition that cannot be resold. For example, if a customer returns a damaged or used item as if it were new, the retailer may incur additional costs. These costs can include restocking fees, refurbishing expenses, or even the loss of the product's value. To account for these expenses, retailers may raise prices to maintain their profit margins.
3. Product liability claims: Product liability claims occur when consumers experience harm or damage due to a defective or unsafe product. If a company faces numerous product liability claims, it may result in significant financial settlements or legal fees. To cover these costs, companies may increase the prices of their products.
In conclusion, consumer practices such as shoplifting, improper returns, and product liability claims can lead to higher prices for consumers. Retailers and manufacturers need to recover their losses or expenses caused by these practices, which ultimately affects the overall cost of products.
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Hans would to plan ahead for this pension. For this in 31 years he needs a base amount of 120,000€. Which amount does he have to save by the beginning of each month if the yearly interest rate is at 2.03%?
Hans needs to save a monthly amount to reach €120,000 in 31 years, considering a 2.03% yearly interest rate.
To calculate the monthly savings amount required for Hans to accumulate €120,000 in 31 years, we need to consider the effect of compound interest.
Given an annual interest rate of 2.03%, we can divide it by 12 to obtain a monthly interest rate of approximately 0.1692%. We can then use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula to determine the monthly savings amount. The formula is:
Where PMT is the monthly savings amount, PV is the desired future value (€120,000), r is the monthly interest rate (0.001692), and n is the total number of months (31 years * 12 months/year). Plugging in these values, we find that Hans needs to save approximately €147.86 each month.
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A hedge is a strategy using derivatives to offset or reduce the risk resulting from exposure to an underlying asset. To hedge a short sale, an investor could ____ to benefit from an increase in the price of this underlying asset.
Group of answer choices
write a call.
buy a put.
buy a call
write a put.
To hedge a short sale, an investor could buy a call to benefit from an increase in the price of this underlying asset. Short-selling is a strategy that involves borrowing securities and selling them to profit from the decline in prices.
An investor needs to return the borrowed securities by buying them back from the market. If the price of the underlying asset rises, it could lead to a loss for the investor. In order to hedge this risk, an investor can buy a call option that gives them the right but not the obligation to purchase the underlying asset at a pre-determined price. If the price of the underlying asset rises, the call option will also rise in value, offsetting the losses incurred from the short sale. A put option would be an appropriate hedge for a long position since it allows the holder to sell the underlying asset at a pre-determined price.
A call option is an appropriate hedge for a short position since it allows the holder to buy the underlying asset at a pre-determined price. In conclusion, to hedge a short sale, an investor could buy a call option to benefit from an increase in the price of the underlying asset.
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Explain what you believe are two of the most important legal issues facing businesses looking to enter foreign markets and why. Minimum 3 pages double-spaced. All sources MUST be cited using APA format.
Please provide your own content not just paraphrase someone else's work
Title: The Most Significant Legal Issues Confronting Businesses Expanding into Foreign Markets
Introduction:Expanding into foreign markets presents businesses with numerous opportunities for growth and profitability. However, such ventures are accompanied by various legal challenges that require careful consideration and planning. This paper aims to explore two of the most crucial legal issues facing businesses seeking to enter foreign markets and provide an in-depth analysis of their significance. The chosen issues are intellectual property rights protection and compliance with foreign laws and regulations.
I. Intellectual Property Rights Protection:Intellectual property (IP) rights encompass patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets, among others. Protecting these rights is crucial for businesses as they venture into foreign markets. Failure to adequately safeguard IP can lead to substantial financial losses, loss of competitive advantage, and damage to brand reputation. Two key aspects within IP rights protection include:
Counterfeit and Piracy Concerns:Counterfeiting and piracy pose significant challenges to businesses entering foreign markets. The unauthorized reproduction and distribution of counterfeit goods and the infringement of copyrighted materials can undermine a company's reputation and erode consumer trust. These activities not only result in lost sales and revenue but also hinder market penetration and long-term growth.
Moreover, certain countries may have weak enforcement mechanisms or lax IP protection laws, making it easier for counterfeiters to operate. This necessitates proactive measures such as monitoring the market, collaborating with local authorities, and employing technology to detect and deter counterfeiting activities. Developing strong relationships with local partners and stakeholders can also enhance a business's ability to combat counterfeiting effectively.
Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Leakage:Expanding into foreign markets often requires businesses to engage in technology transfer, such as sharing trade secrets or licensing proprietary technologies. However, this transfer can expose businesses to the risk of intellectual property leakage. Foreign partners or competitors may exploit vulnerabilities in legal systems, misappropriate technology, or engage in reverse engineering, thereby compromising a business's competitive advantage.
To mitigate this risk, businesses must carefully structure and negotiate technology transfer agreements, emphasizing confidentiality and security measures. Conducting due diligence on potential partners and monitoring compliance with contractual obligations is essential. Additionally,
leveraging legal frameworks such as patents and trademarks, and seeking registration and protection of IP rights in the target country, can strengthen a business's position and deter unauthorized use.
II. Compliance with Foreign Laws and Regulations:
Entering foreign markets necessitates understanding and adhering to the legal and regulatory frameworks of the host country. Non-compliance can result in severe consequences, including fines, legal disputes, reputational damage, and the potential for business closure. The two primary legal compliance issues are:
Corruption and Bribery:Many countries have stringent laws and regulations in place to combat corruption and bribery. However, businesses may encounter jurisdictions with higher corruption levels, which can present ethical dilemmas and legal challenges. Offering or accepting bribes to secure contracts or gain business advantages is not only unethical but also illegal under various international laws, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in the United States and the UK Bribery Act.
To navigate this issue, businesses must implement robust anti-corruption policies, provide training to employees on ethical practices, and establish internal control mechanisms. Conducting thorough due diligence on business partners, agents, and intermediaries is crucial to ensure they align with anti-corruption standards. Additionally, establishing transparency in financial transactions and maintaining accurate records can help demonstrate compliance with regulations and prevent potential legal entanglements.
Labor and Employment Laws:Expanding into foreign markets necessitates compliance with local labor and employment laws. These laws govern aspects such as minimum wages, working hours, overtime, employee benefits, and safety regulations. Failure to comply with these laws can lead to legal disputes, fines, and damage to a business's reputation.
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On January 1, 2020, Cheyenne, Inc, purchased 9% bonds having a maturity value of $467,000 for $482,467.83. The bonds provide the bondholders with an 8% yield. The bonds are dated January 1, 2020, and mature January 1, 2024, with interest receivable on January 1 of each year. Cheyenne, Inc. uses the effective interest method to allocate unamortized discount or premium. The bonds are classified as available-for-sale. The fair value of the bonds at December 31 of each year-end is as follows. Prepare the journal entry at the date of the bond purchase. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.8. 5,125.67. Credit account titles are outomatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts)
The journal entry at the date of the bond purchase would be as follows:
Date: January 1, 2020
| Account Titles | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
|----------------------------|--------------|--------------|
| Bonds Payable | | $467,000.00 |
| Discount on Bonds Payable | $14,467.83 | |
| Cash | $482,467.83 | |
Explanation:
- The Bonds Payable account is credited for the maturity value of the bonds, which is $467,000.
- The Discount on Bonds Payable account is debited for the difference between the purchase price and the maturity value ($482,467.83 - $467,000), which is $14,467.83. This represents the unamortized discount on the bonds.
- Cash is debited for the amount paid to acquire the bonds, which is $482,467.83.
Note: Please be aware that bond accounting can involve complex calculations and subsequent journal entries over the life of the bonds. This initial journal entry represents the purchase of the bonds, and additional entries will be required to account for interest expense, amortization of the discount, and other related transactions.
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As a company implements a TQM strategy, consider all the changes that need to occur. Using your organization, explain the difference between how a company may solve problems versus its process of decision-making.
In an organization implementing a Total Quality Management (TQM) strategy, there are several changes that need to occur to achieve the desired outcomes.
TQM focuses on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement. Let's explore the difference between problem-solving and decision-making within this context using an organization as an example.
Problem-Solving:
Problem-solving refers to the process of identifying, analyzing, and resolving issues or challenges within an organization. In a TQM strategy, problem-solving is an essential component for achieving continuous improvement. Here's how a company may approach problem-solving:
Define the problem: Clearly identify the issue or challenge that needs to be addressed. This involves gathering information, analyzing data, and understanding the root cause of the problem.
Generate possible solutions: Encourage employees at all levels to contribute ideas and potential solutions. This can be done through brainstorming sessions, employee suggestion programs, or cross-functional teams.
Evaluate options: Assess the feasibility and effectiveness of each potential solution. Consider factors such as costs, resources required, impact on quality and customer satisfaction, and alignment with organizational goals.
Select and implement a solution: Choose the most appropriate solution and develop an action plan for its implementation. Assign responsibilities, set timelines, and establish measurable objectives.
Monitor and evaluate results: Regularly review the implemented solution to assess its effectiveness and make necessary adjustments. Monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) and solicit feedback from employees, customers, and other stakeholders.
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As you have learned throughout the course, salespeople need to be ethical in their conduct in order to be successful long-term. Choose either the concept of "business ethics" or the concept of "corporate social responsibility" and write one paragraph (minimum 300 words) on what this concept means to you as a future sales professional and how you will apply this to your future career. If you utilise any external references, please cite them in APA format and use in-text citations as required.
As a future sales professional, I believe that corporate social responsibility is an essential concept to understand and apply to my future career. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's efforts to operate in an economically, socially, and environmentally responsible manner.
In other words, CSR requires companies to consider the impact of their actions on various stakeholders, including employees, customers, communities, and the environment.
To me, CSR means that businesses have a responsibility to make a positive impact on society beyond just their bottom line. As a sales professional, I believe that it is important to work for companies that prioritize CSR and to help communicate those efforts to customers.
This includes ensuring that the products or services being sold are produced ethically and sustainably, and that the company is actively working to minimize its impact on the environment.
Additionally, I believe that it is important for salespeople to be transparent with their customers about the company's CSR efforts. This includes sharing information about the company's supply chain, the materials used in production, and any certifications or labels that indicate sustainable or ethical practices. Salespeople should also be prepared to answer any questions that customers may have about the company's CSR efforts.
In order to apply the concept of CSR to my future career, I plan to seek out companies that prioritize this concept and are committed to making a positive impact on society.
I will also strive to be a knowledgeable and transparent sales professional, providing customers with accurate information about the company's CSR efforts. Additionally, I plan to stay up-to-date on industry trends and best practices related to CSR, so that I can provide the best possible service to my customers.
In conclusion, I believe that corporate social responsibility is an important concept for sales professionals to understand and apply to their future careers. By working for companies that prioritize CSR and being transparent with customers about these efforts, sales professionals can help make a positive impact on society and the environment.
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TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by A. viewing external customers as coworkers B. following the five-step DMAIC process C. involving all employees in efforts to continually improve quality D. employing the external customer mindset E. limiting product defects to 3.4 million or fewer
TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by involving all employees in efforts to continually improve quality. TQM or Total Quality Management is a management approach that aims to maximize customer satisfaction and improve the overall quality of an organization's products or services. The following are the ways by which TQM maximizes customer satisfaction:
Involving all employees in efforts to continually improve quality:TQM involves all employees in the organization in efforts to continually improve quality. This approach is based on the belief that quality is everyone's responsibility, not just the responsibility of a particular department or group. By involving all employees in quality improvement efforts, TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by ensuring that everyone in the organization is committed to meeting or exceeding customer expectations.
Viewing external customers as coworkers: TQM views external customers as coworkers. This approach recognizes that the relationship between a company and its customers is a partnership, and that both parties have a stake in the success of the relationship. By viewing external customers as coworkers, TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by fostering a sense of collaboration and shared responsibility for quality.
Limiting product defects to 3.4 million or fewer: TQM does not limit product defects to 3.4 million or fewer. This statement is not accurate. Rather, TQM aims to eliminate defects altogether, rather than just limiting them to a certain number. By eliminating defects, TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by ensuring that customers receive high-quality products or services that meet or exceed their expectations.
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Find APYs (expressed as a percentage, correct to three decimal places). Then compare them to find the best investment option for 1 year. 4 banks offer CD. The first bank offers 4.96% compounded monthly. The second bank offers 4.95%
‘compounded daily. The third bank offers 4.97% compounded quarterly. The fourth bank offers 4.94% compounded continuously.
Either the first or the second bank
The second bank
Either the first or the third bank
The fourth bank
The first bank
The third bank
Either the third or the fourth bank
APY (Annual Yield) is a financial metric that reflects the amount of interest earned on a deposit account over a year.
To compare the CD offers, we need to find the APYs for each bank and then select the one with the highest APY. Here's how to do it. The formula to find APY is
APY = (1 + r/n)n - 1,
where r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
For the first bank, r = 4.96% and n = 12 (monthly compounding).
APY = (1 + 0.0496/12)12 - 1
= 5.066%
For the second bank, r = 4.95% and
n = 365 (daily compounding).
APY = (1 + 0.0495/365)365 - 1
= 5.057%
For the third bank, r = 4.97% and
n = 4 (quarterly compounding).
APY = (1 + 0.0497/4)4 - 1
= 5.072%.
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Total Cost Concept of Product Pricing Vike Com, Inc, produces and sells celfuar phone. The costs of producing and seling 5,500 units of cellular phones are as follows: Wice Coen deslres a profit equal to a 15% rate of retum on invested assets of $776,870. Assume that Voice Com, Ine, uses the total cost concept of applying the cost-plus approach to product pridng. a. Determine the total costs and the totat cost amount per unit for the production and sale of 5,500 units of cellular phones. Round the cost per unt to two decimg b. Determine the total cost asarkop percentape (rounded to two decimal places) for cellular phones. c. Dotemine the seleng price of cellilar phones, found to the nearest cent. jer phone
Without the specific cost figures or the profit amount, it is not possible to provide the total costs, total cost per unit, total cost markup percentage, or the selling price of the cellular phones.
Vike Com, Inc, produces and sells cellular phones. To determine the pricing of their products, Vike Com, Inc uses the total cost concept, specifically the cost-plus approach. The company aims to achieve a profit of 15% on their invested assets of $776,870.
a. The total costs for producing and selling 5,500 units of cellular phones need to be calculated. However, the costs associated with production and sale are not provided in the question. Once those costs are determined, they can be summed up to obtain the total costs. Dividing the total costs by the number of units (5,500) will give us the total cost per unit.
b. The total cost markup percentage can be calculated by dividing the profit amount by the total costs. However, the profit amount is not given in the question. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the total cost markup percentage.
c. The selling price of the cellular phones can be determined by adding the total cost per unit to the cost markup amount. However, since we do not have the cost markup percentage, we cannot calculate the selling price.
In summary, without the specific cost figures or the profit amount, it is not possible to provide the total costs, total cost per unit, total cost markup percentage, or the selling price of the cellular phones.
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Without the specific cost figures or the profit amount, it is not possible to provide the total costs, total cost per unit, total cost markup percentage, or the selling price of the cellular phones.
Vike Com, Inc, produces and sells cellular phones. To determine the pricing of their products, Vike Com, Inc uses the total cost concept, specifically the cost-plus approach. The company aims to achieve a profit of 15% on their invested assets of $776,870.
a. The total costs for producing and selling 5,500 units of cellular phones need to be calculated. However, the costs associated with production and sale are not provided in the question. Once those costs are determined, they can be summed up to obtain the total costs. Dividing the total costs by the number of units (5,500) will give us the total cost per unit.
b. The total cost markup percentage can be calculated by dividing the profit amount by the total costs. However, the profit amount is not given in the question. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the total cost markup percentage.
c. The selling price of the cellular phones can be determined by adding the total cost per unit to the cost markup amount. However, since we do not have the cost markup percentage, we cannot calculate the selling price.
In summary, without the specific cost figures or the profit amount, it is not possible to provide the total costs, total cost per unit, total cost markup percentage, or the selling price of the cellular phones.
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Case Study Seven: Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in
Public Spaces
Case Study Seven: Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces
Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces
The Starbucks Coffee Company, which operates a worldwide chain of coffeehouses, is the protagonist of the case study number seven, “Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces.”
The case study discusses a Starbucks in the airport where a barista refused to serve a Black man in June 2015. The barista allegedly refused to provide the client with a receipt as well.
The case study discusses how the racism in public spaces and public institutions can lead to more extensive racist issues within society.
This can create systemic inequality that can have a significant effect on the long-term lives of individuals belonging to underrepresented and marginalized groups in society.
Starbucks decided to apologize and take corrective measures following the incident. After this incident, Starbucks launched a “Race Together” campaign to encourage discussions of racism and promote dialogue about the subject.
This case study is related to the concepts of equity, diversity, and inclusion.
Discrimination, especially when it is structural and ingrained in social systems, can have a severe impact on the marginalized population.
The Starbucks case study demonstrates the significance of using inclusive and equitable approaches to make public spaces more accessible and welcoming to all.
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Consider the following scenario (the given information is the same as in the previous question): Suppose a company has 100 million common shares outstanding, and each share sells for $20. We have estimated that the shares have a beta of 1.2, the riskfree rate is 3%, and the expected market return is 8%. The marginal tax rate for this company is 21%. The company also has $2 billion of bonds outstanding and the yield to maturity on these bonds is 5%. The company has a target capital structure of 60% equity and 40% debt. It does not and will not issue preferred stocks in the future. What is the before-tax cost of debt for this company? A) 4.50% B) 3.95% C) 3.00% D) 5.00%
Number of shares = 100 million Price per share = $20 Beta = 1.2 Risk-free rate = 3% Expected market return = 8% Marginal tax rate = 21% Total bonds outstanding = $2 billion Yield to maturity on bonds = 5% Target capital structure = 60% equity and 40% debt. The correct option is (B).
The before-tax cost of debt for the company can be calculated using the formula given below:
Before-tax cost of debt = yield to maturity on bonds × (1 - marginal tax rate)
Calculation: Given that yield to maturity on bonds = 5%
And, marginal tax rate = 21%
Before-tax cost of debt = 5% × (1 - 0.21)
Before-tax cost of debt = 5% × 0.79
Before-tax cost of debt = 3.95%
Therefore, the before-tax cost of debt for this company is 3.95%.
Hence the correct option is (B).
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G!aspen ine coerates a chan of doughnut shops. The company is considering two possele expansion plans. Plan A would open eight smallor shops at a cost of S8,740, cco. Expected anfual net cashinfown are $1,450,000 with zano residual vilue at the end of ten years. Under Plan B, Glascoe would open throe larger shops at a cost of $8,440,000. This plan is expected to generafe net cosh infiows of 51,300,000 per year for ten years, the estimated sle of the properties. Estimated residual value is $925,000. Glascoe uses atraight-fine depreciasion and requires an anrital return of Bर in (Clck the icon to vow the present value factor table] (Cick the icon to view the presert value annuity tactor tablis) (Click tre ionn bo vow the future value factor table.) (Cick the icon to viow the future valien arnuly factor tatio? Read the ceakiterneras. Requirement 1. Compute the paptack period, the AFR, and the NPV of these two ptans. What are the theoghs and weaknesses of these capital budgeting modes? Hegen by computing the payback seriod for both plans. (Rnund your antwers to one decitar phace) Plon A (in youm) Plan 8 (in yaars) Requirements 1. Compule the paytsck period, the ARR, and the NPV of these two plans. What at the ufbengts and weaknesses of these captal budgering models? 2. Which expansion puan sheuld ciancoe choose? Why? 3. Estimash Plar A's IRR. How does the IRR compare with the conpany's requized rate of return?
This is higher than the company's required rate of return of 8%. As a result, Plan A would be considered a good investment.
Compute the payback period, the AFR, and the NPV of these two plans.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of these capital budgeting modes? Begin by computing the payback period for both plans.
Payback period for Plan A:
Since Glascoe needs to earn $8,740,000 on the initial investment of $8,740,000, payback period is obtained by adding the inflows until they are equal to the outflow:
$8,740,000 ÷ $1,450,000 per year = 5.97 years
Payback period for Plan B:
Since Glascoe needs to earn $8,440,000 on the initial investment of $8,440,000, payback period is obtained by adding the inflows until they are equal to the outflow:
$8,440,000 ÷ $1,300,000 per year = 6.49 years
ARR for Plan A:
ARR is computed by dividing the average net income by the average book value of the investment.
(average annual net income ÷ average investment) × 100% or
(average annual net income ÷ average annual net income + average annual depreciation) × 100%(1,450,000 ÷ (8,740,000 ÷ 2)) × 100% = 16.67%ARR for Plan B:(1,300,000 ÷ (8,440,000 ÷ 2)) × 100% = 15.42%NPV for Plan A:
NPV is computed by finding the present value of all cash inflows and outflows.
$1,450,000 (PVIFAn-10, 8%) + $1,450,000 (PVIFAn-9, 8%) + ... + $1,450,000 (PVIFAn-1, 8%) - $8,740,000 = $22,739.68NPV for Plan B:
$1,300,000 (PVIFA10, 8%) + $925,000 (PVIF10, 8%) - $8,440,000 = $1,331,712.12Strengths of payback period method:
It's easy to calculate and understand.
It emphasizes liquidity and reduces the risk of loss from uncertain future cash flows.
It's useful for assessing risk and uncertainty of future cash flows.
Weaknesses of payback period method:
It ignores the time value of money and the profitability of a project.
It ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.
It doesn't measure value or wealth creation.
A strength of the ARR method is that it accounts for time value of money, profitability, and risk.
The method is simple to use and understand.
Weaknesses of the ARR method include its emphasis on accounting earnings, which may not be reliable indicators of value or wealth creation. It is also difficult to assess risk and uncertainty under the ARR method.
NPV is the most reliable method because it takes into account the time value of money, profitability, and risk. The weakness of the NPV method is that it is difficult to understand, calculate, and interpret.
Which expansion plan should Glascoe choose? Why?
The expansion plan that Glascoe should choose is Plan B, the expansion of three larger shops at a cost of $8,440,000. It has a positive NPV of $1,331,712.12, which is higher than the NPV of Plan A. It also has a lower payback period of 6.49 years, which is less than the payback period of Plan A.
The ARR for Plan A is 16.67%, while the ARR for Plan B is 15.42%.
Therefore, Plan B is the most profitable investment.3. Estimate Plan A's IRR. How does the IRR compare with the company's required rate of return?
IRR for Plan A is approximately 18%.
This is higher than the company's required rate of return of 8%. As a result, Plan A would be considered a good investment.
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Reasons for Resisting Change? explain the following in detail
from the following suggestions:
-Threat to one’s self-interest
-Uncertainty
-Distrust of leadership
-Threat to existing cultural values
Change is inevitable, but not everyone is always on board with it. Resistance to change is a natural response to new ideas or methods. There are many reasons why people resist change.
Threat to one’s self-interest:
When a change is proposed, it can sometimes be seen as a threat to the individual's self-interest.
Uncertainty:
Uncertainty can also be a significant factor in resistance to change. When people don't know what the outcome of a change will be, they may resist it.
Distrust of leadership:
If people don't trust the leadership that is proposing the change, they may resist it.This can lead to a sense of resistance to the change.
Threat to existing cultural values:
Sometimes, a proposed change can be seen as a threat to existing cultural values. They may feel that the change is not in line with their cultural values and resist it as a result.
In conclusion, there are many reasons why people resist change. To overcome resistance, it is important to understand these reasons and address them accordingly.
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Nominal GDP increased from roughly $13.5 trilion in 2006 to $18.5 trillion in 2016 . In the same period prices rose on average by roughly 18 percent. In percentage terms, real GDP increased by
Nominal GDP increased from roughly $13.5 trillion in 2006 to $18.5 trillion in 2016, while prices rose on average by roughly 18 percent in the same period.
Real GDP is a measure of the GDP adjusted for inflation (i.e., inflation-adjusted GDP). Nominal GDP and real GDP differ because nominal GDP is not adjusted for inflation, while real GDP is adjusted for inflation.In the given case, if we use the formula for calculating real GDP,
then it will be:Real GDP = Nominal GDP / Price Index*100%So, in this scenario, we can say that the Price Index will be 100% + 18% = 118%.Hence,Real GDP = $18.5 trillion / 118%*100%Real GDP = $15.68 trillionThus, in percentage terms, the real GDP increased by approximately 16.07%.
In real terms, the US economy increased by 16.07 percent from 2006 to 2016.
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List some the most obvious impacts of the Leadership Through
Quality program at Xerox.
Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox has had a tremendous impact on the company. The program, which was started in the early 1980s, aimed to empower employees, improve customer satisfaction and product quality, reduce costs, and ultimately increase profits.
Here are some of the most obvious impacts of the Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox:Empowerment of employees: The Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox has empowered employees by encouraging them to participate in problem-solving teams and making them accountable for quality.
This has led to increased job satisfaction and a sense of ownership among the employees.Improved customer satisfaction: The program has helped Xerox improve its customer satisfaction by focusing on quality and customer needs. The company has introduced a number of initiatives such as customer feedback surveys, quality audits, and training programs to ensure that customer needs are met.
Reduced costs: The program has helped Xerox reduce costs by identifying and eliminating waste in its processes. This has helped the company become more efficient and competitive.Increased profits: The Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox has had a significant impact on the company's bottom line.
By improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing customer satisfaction, the company has been able to increase its profits.Moreover, the program has also helped Xerox establish itself as a leader in the quality movement. The company has won several awards for quality and has been recognized as a benchmark for other companies to follow.In conclusion, the Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox has had a significant impact on the company.
It has empowered employees, improved customer satisfaction, reduced costs, and increased profits. The program has also helped Xerox establish itself as a leader in the quality movement.
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On January 1, 2021, Empresas Morosas issued bonds payable for a par value of $3,400,000. The bonds mature in 20 years. The interest rate on the contract is 9% payable semi-annually on 30 June and 31 December. As the market rate of similar bonds is at 8%, the bonds were sold at a premium at 102% of their maturity value (par value).
1. Make the daily entry to record the first interest payment on June 30, 2021 assuming that the premium is amortized by the straight line method. Remember that you must compute the premium first.
On January 1, 2021, Empresas Morosas issued bonds payable for a par value of $3,400,000. The bonds mature in 20 years. The interest rate on the contract is 9% payable semi-annually on 30 June and 31 December. As the market rate of similar bonds is at 8%, the bonds were sold at a premium at 102% of their maturity value (par value).
Journal entries are used to record transactions on a company's financial statements. These transactions are posted to accounts in a journal entry in order to keep a chronological record of the transactions. For each transaction, debits and credits must be equal.1. To determine the bond's premium, we must first compute the present value of the bond's interest and principal payments.
The present value of the bond's interest and principal payments is $4,146,621. Bond Premium is $746,621 ($4,146,621-$3,400,000).2. Bond Premium can be amortized using the straight-line method by dividing the bond premium by the bond's total interest payments.
Bond Premium Amortized is $18,731 per interest period ($746,621/40).3. The journal entry for the first semi-annual interest payment of $153,000 on June 30, 2021, with bond premium amortized by the straight-line method, would be as follows:DateAccountTitleDebitCredit30-JunInterest expense149,269 Premium on bonds.
payable4,731Cash153,000(To record semi-annual interest payment) Therefore, the journal entry to record the first interest payment on June 30, 2021, assuming that the premium is amortized by the straight-line method is:DateAccountTitlesDebitCredit30-JunInterest Expense (9% of $3,400,000) 153,000Bond Premium Amortization 18,731Cash 153,000Bond Premium on Payable 4,731 Interest Payable 149,269(To record semi-annual interest payment on bond payable)
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Which one of the following statements is not correct?
a) Overconfident CEOs are likely to exercise their ESOs nearer the ESO’s expiration date than non- overconfident CEOs
b) CEO’s overconfidence is likely to increase when it takes time before the outcome is revealed
c) Financial media seems to recognized how overconfident CEOs describe their business
opportunities
d) CEO’s overconfidence is one form of agency conflict between owners and managers
The statement that is NOT correct is c) Financial media seems to recognize how overconfident CEOs describe their business opportunities. A description of the correct statement has been discussed below.Overconfident CEOs are likely to exercise their ESOs nearer the ESO’s expiration date than non- overconfident CEOs: Financial media is not capable of recognizing CEO's overconfidence while describing their business opportunities.
This statement is correct. Overconfident CEOs believe that their firm's stock prices will rise in the future, hence the overconfidence in their abilities makes them postpone the exercise of their ESOs.CEO’s overconfidence is likely to increase when it takes time before the outcome is revealed: This statement is correct. CEOs become more overconfident when it takes a more extended period to observe the outcome of their decisions. CEO's Overconfidence is one form of agency conflict between owners and managers: This statement is correct. The agency conflict arises when the CEO’s interest is not aligned with the owner's interest, leading to a conflict of interest. CEO's Overconfidence is a type of conflict that arises due to CEO's overestimating their ability to make successful decisions. Therefore, option c) is NOT correct. Financial media is not capable of recognizing CEO's overconfidence while describing their business opportunities.
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