En Drosophila, el complejo dSAGA que contiene dADA2b está involucrado en la acetilación de la histona H3 lisina 9 y 14. Curiosamente, aunque los niveles de histona H3 acetilada en lisina 9 y 14 se reducen considerablemente en los mutantes dAda2b,
estos animales sobreviven hasta una etapa tardía de desarrollo. Para estudiar las consecuencias moleculares de la pérdida de la acetilación de la histona H3 lisina 9 y 14, comparamos los perfiles de ácido ribonucleico mensajero (ARNm) total de animales de tipo salvaje y mutantes dAda2b en dos etapas de desarrollo. El perfil de expresión génica global indica que la pérdida de la acetilación de lisina 9 y 14 H3 específica de dSAGA da como resultado el cambio de expresión (regulación hacia arriba o hacia abajo) de un subconjunto bastante pequeño de genes y no causa una desregulación general de la transcripción. Entre los genes regulados al alza en los mutantes dAda2b, un número particularmente elevado son aquellos que desempeñan funciones en los mecanismos de defensa antimicrobianos. Los resultados de los experimentos de inmunoprecipitación de cromatina indican que en los mutantes dAda2b, los niveles de histona H3 acetilada con lisina 9 disminuyen tanto en los genes regulados por aumento como por disminución de dSAGA. En contraste con eso, en los promotores de genes de proteína ribosómica independientes de dSAGA se mantiene un alto nivel de histona H3K9ac en mutantes dAda2b. Nuestros datos sugieren que al acetilar H3 en la lisina 9, dSAGA modifica la accesibilidad de Pol II a promotores específicos de manera diferente.
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I have gills for breathing under water. I have lungs for breathing on land. What am l
Answer:
frog
Explanation:
Frog is an animal that live in both land and in water.
Answer: It is a Lungfish
Explanation:
The Lungfish is the only species of fish that have lungs and gills.
When a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell. Which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?.
When a stem cell divides, it gives birth to two daughter cells. One daughter cell will continue to be a stem cell, while the other will differentiate into a specialized cell. The genes that are expressed are the most direct determinant of what type of specialized cell will be produced.
Stem cells are nudity matters of the body, the cells that produce all additional cells with specific functions. Under the right environments, stem cells separate to form more cells known as offspring cells in the frame or in a workshop. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that arise in the central container bulk of a blastocyst, a pre-implantation fetus in allure beginning.
Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days afterward propagation, consisting of 50-150 cells. Scientists are too investigating accompanying historical "reprogramming" methods to create stem cells from added cells. The genes that are expressed are the most direct determinant of what type of specialized cell will be produced.
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give an example of a cell found in the human body that meets one of these criteria. explain how that unique shape is tied to the function that those cells perform.
Since each cell has a different function, they vary in size and shape. Typically, a cell's shape corresponds to its purpose.
How many cells are in the human body?For example, they calculate that we contain 50 billion fat cells and 2 billion heart muscle cells. The researchers added up their results and discovered that there are 36,2 trillion cell units.
The function of the cell will determine the geometry of the cell. As an illustration, red blood cells have a disc shape to carry more oxygen. b) Cytoskeleton - The cytoskeletal organization of the cell affects its form in a number of ways.
The three parts that make up a cell are the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contains intricate arrangements of small fibers and hundreds or perhaps thousands of tiny, unique entities known as organelles.
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summarize the origin of the head and neck. which germ layers, tissues, and structures contribute to craniofacial development?
The migration of neural crest cells from the ectoderm is what gives rise to each craniofacial development of the face and neck. Each pharyngeal arch's eventual structure will be determined by these cells.
The majority of the skeletomuscular system, as well as the craniofacial development the muscles of the craniofacial region, and connective tissues, are all products of the paraxial mesoderm (Noden and Francis-West, 2006). Typically, the dermis, muscles, and bone form from somite segments as the embryo develops. The mesenchymal cells of the cranial neural crest give rise to the connective tissue from which the bones, muscles, and fascia of movement of the anterior area of the neck and face will grow. Craniosynostosis, the premature ossification of the suture mesenchyme that joins the individual skull bones as a result of abnormal neural crest cell differentiation, limits the growth of the skull and has an adverse effect on the maturation of the brain and the development of the face.
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Solutions contain a______amount of solute in a large amount of solvent.
Answer:Concentrated solution
Explanation:
Catabolism of protein is not a practical source of quick energy because of all of the following except that
A: proteins are more difficult to break apart than lipids or carbohydrates.
B: the energy yield from protein is less than the yield from lipids.
C: one of the by-products of protein catabolism is ammonia.
D: extensive catabolism of protein threatens homeostasis.
E: most individuals have little protein to spare before harming vital organs.
The correct option is E : most individuals have little protein to spare before harming vital organs. Proteins are broken down into amino acids during catabolic processes, lipids into fatty acids, and polysaccharides into monosaccharides.
These building components are subsequently employed in anabolic processes to synthesize compounds. Catabolic processes provide energy. They have exergonic properties. Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones in a catabolic process.
The initial step in breaking down amino acids so that they may be transformed to sugars is oxidative deamination. The process begins with the amino group of the amino acids being removed.
As the amino group is removed, it becomes ammonium and then enters the urea cycle to create urea in the liver. It is subsequently released into the bloodstream and carried to the kidneys, which discharge the urea as urine.
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In a dihybrid cross of two true breeding parents (AAbb x aaBB), where each trait is autosomal, what ratio of the F2 progeny will be ab? Lower case letters represent recessive alleles. a. 2:16 6.3:1 9:16 c d. None of these e. 3:16 Oto
The trait is autosomal, the ratio of the F2 progeny will be ab . a. 2:16 for dihybrid cross of two true breeding parents (AAbb x aaBB).
A Dihybrid move of authentic breeding mother and father AAbb x aaBBParents AAbb x aaBBGamates A b a BF1 AaBbAaBb x AaBbGametes AB Ab aB ab AB Ab aB abF2 Punnett squareAB Ab aB abAB AABB AABb AaBB AaBbAb AABb AAbb AaBb AabbaB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBbab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabbThe ratio of F2 progeny aaBb 2: 16Read more about breeding :
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Air and water pollution from industrial waste is a major global challenge, and is largely driven by societal needs and wants. Biochemists know that plants function as small chemical factories, yet produce no toxic waste. These tiny factories in plants are everywhere, synthesizing carbohydrates from photosynthesis, utilizing cellular respiration for energy production, and producing food for animals all at the same time. How can this knowledge, along with modern technology, best be applied to reduce industrial pollution? A Hazardous industrial wastes can be treated with fertilizer and spread on croplands. O B В Plants can be genetically modified to synthesize compounds that currently are made in chemical factories that produce hazardous wastes. C С Plants can be genetically modified to transform heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, into less toxic elements. D. DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify plants that could naturally decontaminate industrial wastes
Answer:
The correct sequence of steps in the aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is
Explanation:
10) when you eat brussels sprouts, what are you eating? a) immature flowers b) large axillary buds c) petioles d) storage leaves e) storage roots
when you eat brussels sprouts you eating b) large axillary buds.
What occurs after eating brussel sprouts?The prevention of cancers of the stomach, lung, kidneys, breast, bladder, or prostate may be aided by a diet high in cruciferous vegetables like Brussels sprouts.Sprouts and other crinkly veggies could be beneficial. you avoid various health problems like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, or diabetes.
Are Brussels sprouts safe to eat every day?Is it okay to consume Brussels sprouts daily,They can safe to eat daily if consumed moderately.Any dietary modifications, though, ought to be discussed with a doctor.Antioxidant-rich Brussels sprouts aid to lessen oxidative stress on your cells.
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Which of the following terms should not be used to describe a human with three copies of chromosome 12?
A. Polyploid
B. Triploid
C. Aneuploid
D. Euploid
E. 2n 1
F. Trisomy 12
Polyploid, Triploid and Euploid terms should not be used to describe chromosome 12
What are chromosomes?
The thread-like chromosomes that convey the genetic information from cell to cell are formed of protein and a single DNA molecule. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells in both plants and animals, including humans. There are 46 chromosomes in all, including 22 pairs of numbered chromosomes (autosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Children receive half of their chromosomes from their mother and half from their father since each pair comprises two chromosomes, one from each parent. The dissolution of the nucleus during cell division allows for the visualization of chromosomes under a microscope.Living things have different numbers and shapes of chromosomes. One or two circular chromosomes may be found in most bacteria. All animals and plants, including humans, have linear chromosomes. Actually, there are a certain number of chromosomes for each species of plants and animals. For instance, a fruit fly has four pairs of chromosomes whereas a dog has 39 and a rice plant has 12. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes in humans are known as autosomes, whereas the twenty-third pair is known as the sex chromosomes. Typically, people with two X chromosomes (XX) are biologically female, whereas people with one X and one Y chromosome are naturally male (XY). There are, however, several exception to these laws.Chromosomes 12:
Each human cell typically has 23 pairs of the 46 chromosomes that make up the human genome. One of the pairings is made up of two copies of chromosome 12, one from each parent. Between 4% and 4.5 percent of all DNA in cells are found on chromosome 12, which covers almost 134 million DNA base pairs.Hence, Polyploid, Triploid and Euploid terms should not be used to describe chromosome 12
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if a researcher wanted to use the cellular machinery to insert an unnatural amino acid into a protein, which would be the better strategy?
To introduce unnatural amino acids into proteins, a better strategy is to inject unnatural amino acids into cells using tRNA or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs.
The incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UNAAs) into protein design has become a central discipline in synthetic biology. The 20 standard amino acids (SAAs) alone can no longer meet the growing demands of basic and applied science due to their limited functional chemistry. Replacing SAA with UNAA could provide proteins with new physicochemical properties and biological functions. In addition, advances in cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems have paved the way for the precise and efficient incorporation of UNAA into proteins.
UNAA is incorporated into proteins by altering unnatural biological mechanisms including codons, tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS), elongation factor (EF), retention factor (RF), and ribosomes.
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thinking of the b cell and t cell activation and expansion processes. describe 3 common points and 5 difference between the two processes.
There are 3 common points and 5 differences between the B cell and T cell activation and expansion processes.
3 common points:
Both B and T cells are types of lymphocytes.Both B and T cells are originated in the bone marrow.Both are responsible to protect the body’s immune system and help fight infections.5 differences:
B cells originate from bone marrow and T cells from the thymus.B cells secrete antibodies and T cells secret lymphokines.B cells only activate one type and T cells activate two types: helper and killer.B cell life span is shorter than T cells.B cells surface antibodies are present, meanwhile, T cells are absent.What are B and T cells?B and T cells are some type of white blood cells that are responsible for our immune system. Both originated in the bone marrow, but B cells mature inside whereas the T cells travel to the thymus.
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The genetic code is three-letter code. If the code were a four-letter code, how many codons would exist in the genetic code? the answer should be 256, please explain. Will give a thumbs up.
If the code were a four-letter code, 256 codons would exist in the genetic code.
The number of codons are determined by [tex]4^{n}[/tex] where n is the number of codes in one codon.
So in four letter code, [tex]4^{4} = 256[/tex].
The genetic code is a set of rules that living cells use to convert information encoded in genetic material into proteins. There are two types of genetic code. The genetic code can be expressed using RNA or DNA codons. RNA codons are found in messenger RNA (mRNA) and are the codons that are actually "read" during polypeptide synthesis.
The genetic code aids in the prediction of the amino acid sequence of a protein from genetic material. Knowing the amino acid sequence of a protein helps us predict its structure and understand some of its properties and functions.
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all of the following are primary goals proposed by david mcclelland except a need for all of the following are primary goals proposed by david mcclelland except a need for autonomy achievement affiliation power
The primary goals proposed by David McClelland are the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power. Autonomy is not one of the primary goals proposed by McClelland.
David McClelland was a psychologist who developed a theory of motivation based on the idea that individuals have different needs that drive their behavior.
According to McClelland, the three primary needs that motivate people are the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power. The need for achievement is the desire to excel and to accomplish goals.
The need for affiliation is the desire to establish and maintain social relationships. The need for power is the desire to control and influence others. These three needs can vary in intensity from person to person, and they can change over time in response to different life experiences and situations.
Autonomy, or the desire for independence and self-direction, is not one of the primary needs proposed by McClelland.
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Where would a swivel joint be found?
A) elbow
B) neck
C) shoulder
D) wrist and forearm
Answer: They are located in your neck, your wrist, and your elbow.
Explanation:
Using _____, researchers have created chronically anxious, ulcer-prone rats by giving them unpredictable electric shocks.
Using any classical conditioning, the researchers had been creating chronically anxious, with the ulcer-prone rats by using them unpredictable to avoid electric shocks.
Classical conditioning is a sort of mastering that occurs unconsciously. When you research through classical conditioning, an automated conditioned reaction is paired with a particular stimulus. This creates a behavior. Classical conditioning (additionally called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is mastering thru affiliation and changed into determined through Pavlov, a Russian physiologist.
In easy terms, stimuli are related collectively to supply a brand new found out reaction in someone or animal. For example, each time you return back domestic carrying a baseball cap, you're taking your baby to the park to play. So, each time your baby sees you return back domestic with a baseball cap, he's excited due to the fact he has related your baseball cap with a experience to the park. This mastering through affiliation is classical conditioning.
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true or false? the sea star die-off of 2013 is currently the most extensive marine-disease event ever documented.
Answer: If My memory is right i believe it is true
Explanation: Did this some time ago on a test .
which layer of the eye is indicated by letter a? which layer of the eye is indicated by letter a? vascular neural fibrous
The cornea is a fibrous layer of clear tissue that covers the anterior part of the eye and is continuous with the white of the eye as indicated by the letter a.
The cornea, which is the clear front part of the eye, shields the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. The anterior portion of the eye is covered by the cornea, a fibrous layer of clear tissue that is continuous with the white of the eye. Around two-thirds of the eye's total optical output is refracted light, which is reflected by the cornea, anterior chamber, and lens. In humans, the cornea has a refractive power of approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be changed by surgical procedures like LASIK. Although the focus is fixed, much of the eye's focusing power comes from the cornea. It is possible to accommodate the focus of light to enhance the ability to see close things by changing the lens' shape.
The complete question is:
From the given image which layer of the eye is indicated by the letter a?
(A) vascular
(B) neural
(C) fibrous
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which functions of leukocytes are involved in the inflammation process? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
Summary. Leukocytes cross the endothelial vessel wall in a process called transendothelial migration (TEM).
The purpose of leukocyte TEM is to remove inflammation-causing agents in the underlying tissues, for example, bacteria and viruses. Neutrophils comprise 50% to 70% of circulating leukocytes and represent the body's initial line of defense. They are involved in the acute inflammatory response to bacterial infection and the elimination of bacteria by phagocytosis. They are also the most numerous cells to reach the site of injury or infection. The function of inflammation is to remove the initial cause of cell injury, remove necrotic cells and tissues damaged by the original injury and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair. activated neutrophils secrete a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and express MHC Class II (MHCII) in a manner that allows for antigen presentation and T cell activation. Resolution of termination, scarring, or chronic inflammation.
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c or d is the correct answer
[tex]{ \red{ \sf{C.}}}[/tex]
I thinks so that the answer is Blood blow backwards.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
quantitative traits multiple choice encode genes for continuous traits. are polygenic. are influenced by the environment. are polygenic, encode genes for continuous traits, and are influenced by the environment. are polygenic and are influenced by the environment.
The quantitative traits are influenced by the environment, the details are given below.
Generally, quantitative traits are multifactorial, which means they may be encouraged through numerous polymorphic genes and environmental conditions. A quantitative trait is one which has measurable phenotypic variant inside a populace due to underlying variability in genetic and/or environmental influences. Quantitative trait is managed through several genes, with every gene having notably small effect, and without problems suffering from environments. Therefore, they are also referred to as polygenic traits.
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explain how the results seen in pulse-chase experiments of the endomembrane system in neurons/axons relate to microtubule function
The endomembrane system allows various functions of the eukaryotic cell to be compartmentalized (eg, protein degradation occurs in the lysosome), allowing for a greater degree of cellular specialization.
The system is based on dynamic interactions between different compartments, facilitated by vesicle traffic between them. Microtubules are abundant in neurons and occupy axons and dendrites as paraxially aligned arrays. These microtubule arrays provide a structural backbone for axons and dendrites that allow them to acquire and maintain their specialized morphologies. The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vesicles, the ER, and the Golgi apparatus, as well as the plasma membrane. These cellular components work together to modify, package, label, and transport proteins and lipids that make up membranes Transmembrane proteins, or soluble proteins transported to other parts of the endomembrane system, move from the ER, into vesicles, and fuse with the cis side of the Golgi. The Golgi apparatus consists of several layers of membranes, called cisternae..
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Brett learned that his car is better protected from the weather when it has been recently washed and waxed. Which best describes the major group of macromolecules that is protecting his car and how it is performing this task?.
Brett learned that his car is better protected from the weather when it has been recently washed and waxed. The macromolecule that protects his car is the lipid that is present in the wax coating.
What is a lipid?The lipid is a macromolecule that is made up of carbon and hydrogen, and the macromolecule is hydrophobic in nature and does not come into contact with water. The wax is a lipid, so it does not like the water, and when the wax is applied to the car, the car is protected from water damage.
Hence, the macromolecule that protects his car is the lipid that is present in the wax coating.
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Lipids are the biomolecules which protects the car because of their non-polar nature which makes them insoluble in water.
What are lipids?A lipid is the biochemical molecules that are insoluble in water. They serve as the energy-storage molecules and chemical messengers in cells and include major classes of molecules such as fats, waxes, oils, hormones, and certain other membrane components.
Lipids are the hydrocarbon compounds that serve for a variety of purposes, such as energy storage, structural elements, and even in cell signaling. Lipids and fats play a major role in the human body's homeostatic system.
Wax is a substance which naturally coats stems and leaves of the plant. Therefore, the plant does not lose a lot of water because of the presence of wax.
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cell bio what makes it possible for a combination of signal molecules to evoke a response that differs from the sum of the effects that each signal could trigger on its own
It is done by the ability of different intracellular relay systems to interact. The correct option is D.
What is intracellular relay systems?Transcription factors that regulate gene expression are frequently targets of such signaling pathways.
Thus, intracellular signaling pathways link the cell surface to the nucleus, resulting in changes in gene expression in response to extracellular stimuli.
Cells communicate with one another through direct contact or by the release of a substance from one cell that is taken up by another.
Because different intracellular relay systems can interact, a combination of signal molecules can elicit a response that differs from the sum of the effects that each signal could elicit on its own.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
A)The tendency of different cells to display different receptors
B)The ability of different receptors to activate different intracellular relay systems
C)The ability of different signal molecules to bind to the same receptors
D)The ability of different intracellular relay systems to interact.
E)The ability of the same signal molecule to bind to different receptors
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that can pass through the plasma membrane. Complete the flowchart describing the interaction of cortisol with intracelular receptors. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the flowchart. Some labels will not be used View Available Hint(s) Reset Help The transcribed mRNAIS translated into a specific protein Cortisol-receptor complex forms in the nucleus Cortisol passes through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm Cortisol binds to a receptor on the outside of the cell Cortisol receptor complex forms in the cytoplasm. Cortisol receptor complex enters the nucleus where it binds to genes Cortisol receptor complex acts as a transcription Submit
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The stress response is mediated by proteins that are created in response to the cortisol signal. A tiny, hydrophobic steroid hormone called cortisol may cross a cell's plasma membrane.
A hormone receptor complex is created in target cells when cortisol binds to the intracellular receptor protein in the cytoplasm. After entering the nucleus, the hormone receptor complex functions as a transcription factor by binding to certain genes and triggering their transcription into mRNA. In the end, the mRNA generated is translated into certain proteins. Some proteins help raise blood glucose levels, enabling an animal to meet demands of starvation or vigorous exercise.
1. The plasma membrane allows cortisol to enter the cytoplasm.
2. In the cytoplasm, a cortisol-receptor complex hormone develops.
3. The cortisol receptor complex moves into the nucleus and attaches to the genes there.
4. A transcription factor is the cortisol receptor complex.
5. A particular protein is produced from the transcribed mRNA.
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the sleepy russian town of belushya guba declared a state of emergency when it was overrun by polar bears. this species had never ventured into the town until climate change melted the sea ice, which comprised much of the bears’ primary hunting and migration routes. the plight of the bears and the town exemplifies the changes characteristic of
The sleepy russian town of belushya guba declared a state of emergency when it was overrun by polar bears. This species had never ventured into the town until climate change melted the sea ice, which comprised much of the bears’ primary hunting and migration routes. the plight of the bears and the town exemplifies the changes characteristic of the Anthropocene.
What is migration?
Migration is regarded as any type of human movement, regardless of its motivation. Migration within a single country as well as migration across borders is included in this. The definition of "migrant" is more elusive. According to the European Committee on Migration, the term "migrants" can refer to emigrants, returning migrants, immigrants, refugees, displaced persons, people with immigrant backgrounds, and/or members of ethnic minority populations that have been formed through immigration, depending on the context.
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When a tree has fallen in the Tropical Rain Forest, I am happy to break it down and return nutrients to the soil! What am I?
I have decomposer but I need another answer that starts with the letter C
When a tree has fallen in the Tropical Rain Forest, a person is happy to break it down and return nutrients to the soil. This process is called corruptors or crumbles.
What are decomposers?On the forest floor, decomposers such as termites, slugs, scorpions, worms, and fungi thrive. Organic stuff falls from trees and plants, and these organisms decompose it into nutrients.
These nutrients are absorbed by the shallow roots of rainforest trees, and dozens of predators destroy the decomposers.
Therefore, when a tree falls in the Tropical Rain Forest, people are glad to help break it down and provide nutrients to the earth. This is referred to as corruptors or crumbles.
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a) Motor neuron - efferent neuron
b) Ganglion - knot like mass of the nerve cell bodies
c) Sensory neuron - afferent neuron
d) Somatic nerves - serve the eyes and ears
The mismatched pair is somatic nerves - serve the eyes and ears.
Thus, the correct option is D.
What are somatic nerves?The somаtic nervous system is а component of the peripherаl nervous system аssociаted with the voluntаry control of the body movements viа the use of skeletаl muscles. It is responsible for аll the functions we аre аwаre of аnd cаn consciously influence, including the movement of our аrms legs аnd other pаrts of our body. It is аlso responsible for the reflex аrc, which involves the use of interneurons to perform reflexive аctions. Besides these, there аre thousаnds of other аssociаtion nerves in the body.
Crаniаl nerves аllow sensory informаtion to trаnsmit from the orgаns of the brаin (eаrs, eyes, nose, аnd mouth), аs well аs conveying motor informаtion from the brаin to these orgаns.
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Which of the following best explains what creates this convection current?
The rotation of Earth makes the air above it rotate, but not the same over land and water.
Because of its mass, Earth's gravity creates a high pressure area over both the land and water.
Salt in the ocean makes it more dense than the land, so its gravity pulls more on the air above it.
During the evening, the land cools off more quickly than the water. The cooler land cools the air above it, while the warmer water warms the air above it. These differences in air temperature create the convection.
in the world's oceans, where is production by plankton and other photosynthetic organisms the highest?
High latitudes, upwelling zones near the equator, and areas close to coastlines are where phytoplankton is most prevalent (yellow, high chlorophyll).
They are rare in isolated oceans (dark blue), where there are few nutrients. In that they have chlorophyll and need sunlight to survive and develop, phytoplankton, often referred to as microalgae, are like terrestrial plants in this regard. Since they are buoyant, the majority of phytoplankton float in the upper layers of the ocean where sunlight may reach them. In addition to organic nutrients, phytoplankton also needs inorganic ones like nitrates, phosphates, and sulphur, which they use to make proteins, lipids, and carbs. Diatoms and dinoflagellates are the two primary types of phytoplankton. Dinoflagellates are aquatic organisms that travel through the water on the basis of their whip-like flagella and elaborate shells.
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