It continues to move in a new angle or direction as it slows down.
When a light ray travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium, it bends toward the normal to the boundary between the two media due to refraction.
Refraction is the bending of light beams when they pass through a medium with a variable speed. When a light ray travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium, it bends toward the normal to the boundary between the two media due to refraction. The indices of refraction of the two mediums affect how much bending occurs. As a result, when an airborne light beam encounters a denser material, it bends in the direction of normal.
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a centrifuge in a medical laboratory rotates at an angular speed of 3650 rev/min. when switched off, it rotates 54.0 times before coming to rest. find the constant angular acceleration of the centrifuge.
According to the query, the centrifuge's constant angular acceleration is -305.14 rad/s².
What kinds of centrifuges are there?Micro centrifuges and tabletop centrifuges are the two main types of centrifuges. Both of these are to use for sample extraction by rotating the specimens in a contained receptacle at such a high speed. Their sample capacities and rotor types differ, though.
Briefing:The number of rotation is n = 3650 rev/min
Therefore n = 60.83 rev/sec
ω initial = 2πn
= 382.012 rad/s
ω final = 0
∅ = 2πn
= 2*3.14*54
= 339.12 rad
ω final² = ω initial² + 2a∅
a = (ω final² - ω initial²)/2∅
a = (0 - 382.012²)/2(339.12)
a = -305.14 rad/s²
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what fraction of the mass needed to halt expansion is known to exist in the form of visible mass in the universe?
The fraction of the mass needed to halt expansion is known to exist in the form of visible mass in the universe is 1 percent
What is meant by visible mass in the universe ?
Baryons, a general term for subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons, make up visible matter, also known as baryonic matter. What dark matter is constituted of is a topic of conjecture among scientists.
A mysterious, invisible substance called dark matter (25%) and a force that defies gravity called dark energy appear to make up the rest of the universe.
It is estimated that dark energy is responsible for 73% of the universe's total mass and energy. Dark matter makes up another 23% of the universe, leaving only 4% of it to be made up of ordinary matter like stars, planets, and people.
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the heating coil of a water heater has a resistance of 20 ohms and operates at 210 v. how long does it take to raise the temperature of 200 kg of water from 15oc to 80oc? ( cwater
The heating coil of a water heater has a resistance of 20 ω and operates at 210 v. It takes 5 hrs to raise the it take to raise the temperature of 200 kg of water from 15oc to 80oc.
What is resistance?
Obstruction is a proportion of the resistance to flow stream in an electrical circuit. Opposition is estimated in ohms, represented by the Greek letter omega (Ω). Ohms are named after Georg Simon Ohm (1784-1854), a German physicist who concentrated on the connection between voltage, current and opposition. In any case, obstruction and conductance are broad as opposed to mass properties, implying that they additionally rely upon the size and state of an item. Channels permit the free progression of power. Yet, in materials, for example, semiconductors and covers, the power encounters a specific power that goes against the free progression of electrons.
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two capacitors of values of 1.0 μf and 0.50 μf are connected in parallel. the system is hooked up to a 100 v battery. find the electrical potential energy stored in the 1.0 μf capacitor.
The potential energy stored in the 1 μF capacitor is 4.5 x 10^-18 J.
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is the form of stored energy that depends on the interactions of various system elements. A spring's potential energy rises when it is crushed or stretched.
The energy stored in the 1.0 μF capacitor is 9.0*10^-5J
Data given;
c₁ = 1.0 μF
c₂ = 0.50 μF
V = 100 v
Calculation for Capacitor:
as given the capacitors are in series, the total capacitance is;
C = 1/c1 + 1/c2
C = 3 μF
The capacitance in the capacitor is 3 μF.
The charge of a capacitor is given as:
[tex]q = cV[/tex]
[tex]q = (3.0 \times 10^{-6}) 100[/tex]
[tex]q = 3 \times 10^{-4}[/tex] C
Calculation of Potential Energy:
The energy stored in the capacitor can be calculate as:
U = (1/2)q²c
Here, U = potential energy, q = charge, C = capacitor.
We can now proceed to use this formula and solve for the potential energy stored in the 1.0mF capacitor.
[tex]U = \frac{1}{2} (10^{-6})(3\times 10^{-6})^2[/tex]
[tex]U = 4.5 \times 10^{-18}[/tex]
From the calculations above, we can conclude that the potential energy stored in the 1mF capacitor is 4.5 x 10^-18 J.
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What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed and velocity both involve distance traveled over time, but velocity also includes direction
Speed is how fast you're going, velocity is how fast you move
Speed is calculated by dividing the distance you travel by the time it took, whereas velocity you can just tell by looking at it
Velocity is more scientific
Answer: Speed and velocity both involve distance traveled over time, but velocity also includes direction
Explanation: speed is the time rate at which the object travels & velocity is the time rate at which the object travels also but includes direction too.
an optical engineer needs to ensure that the bright fringes from a double-slit are 15.7 mm apart on a detector that is 1.37 m from the slits. if the slits are illuminated with 633 nm light, how far apart should the slits be?
In this case the angle made by fringes is 0.5291
Explain in detail.
Tan θ = 15.7 x 10-3 / 1.7
= 0.5291
The condition of Interference is
d sin θ 0.5291 = (1) 633NM
d = (1)633nm / sin 0.5291
= 68.54 x 10-6 m
= 69.54 um
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g when light strikes a window pane some rays will be reflected back and forth in between the two glass surfaces. why do these reflected rays not produce visible colored interference fringes?
The reflected rays of light don't produce visible colored interference fringes in a window pane because the glass structure of a window pane prevents the interference patterns to be observed.
A window pane is the glass that acts as a window in a building. While usually a window pane is only composed of a single piece of glass, sometimes two or more glass sheets are used with some space between each.
When it strikes a window pane, some rays will be reflected back and forth between the glass surfaces. Theoretically, it should produce some visible colored interference fringes. However, the glass structures in window panes do not have the ability to produce these visible fringes. They do produce the effect, but they are negated by the effect of other sections of the glass.
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A small rock bounces off the windshield of a moving car and experiences a large change in velocity. How does the car's momentum
change?
The car will slow down. If the rock is big enough and moving fast enough, the kinetic energy from the rock will transfer to the car. And because of that, the car will slow down (and the windshield will most likely shatter)
In comparing two unequal forces on a rigid body, is it possible to have the larger force produce less torque than the smaller force?.
Yes. If the smaller force is farther from the fulcrum than the larger mass.
What is rigid body?A body that does not deform or alter shape is idealized as a hard body. Formally, it is described as a group of particles with the feature that their distance from one another does not change as the body moves.
What is torque?When an engine exerts itself, torque, which is a twisting force, speaks to the rotational force of the engine and quantifies how much of that twisting force is accessible. Everyday activities like turning a doorknob, opening a drink bottle, using a wrench, or peddling a bicycle all involve torque.
What is force?The definition of force in physics is: The push or pull on a massed object changes its velocity. An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude.
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at what angle is the first-order maximum (constructive interference), not counting the center bright region, for 450-nm wavelength blue light falling on double slits separated by 0.0500 mm? give your angle in degrees.
The angle of the first-order maximum (constructive interference) for 450-nm wavelength blue light falling on double slits separated by 0.0500 mm is 10.47 degrees.
The angle of the first-order maximum can be calculated using the formula,
θ = mλ/d
Where θ is the angle
m is the order of the maximum
λ is the wavelength
d is the slit separation.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
θ = 1 * 450 nm / 0.0500 mm
θ = 9000 nm/mm
Converting to degrees, we get:
θ = 9000 nm/mm * (1 rad/1000 nm) * (180°/π rad)
θ = 10.47 degrees
Therefore, the angle of the first-order maximum (constructive interference) for 450-nm wavelength blue light falling on double slits separated by 0.0500 mm is 10.47 degrees.
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In a study conducted by a University of Illinois researcher, the football team at Unity High School in Tolono, IL was equipped for an entire season with helmets containing accelerometers. Information about every impact in practice and in games was sent to a computer present on the sidelines. The study found that the average force on a top of the head impact was 1770 N. If the initial velocity of the head was 2.09 m/s and the collision brings the head to a stop, and assuming the head has a mass of 4.12 kg, determine the duration of the impact.
(Note: we are treating the head as a free body which is a bit of an approximation).
The duration of the impact, given that the head has a mass of 4.12 Kg is 0.005 s
How do I determine the duration (i.e time)?We'll begin by obtaing the impulse. This can be obtained as follow:
Initial velocity = 2.09 m/sMass (m) = 4.12 KgFinal velocity = 0 m/sImpulse =?Impulse = m(v + u)
Impulse = 4.12 × (0 + 2.09)
Impulse = 4.12 × 2.09
Impulse = 8.61 Ns
Finally, we can obtain the duration of the impact. This can be obtained as follow:
Force (F) = 1770 NImpulse = 8.61 NsDuration (t) =?Impulse = force × time
8.61 = 1770 × t
Divide both sides by 1770
t = 8.61 / 1770
t = 0.005 s
Thus, we can conclude that the duration is 0.005 s
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what potential difference, acting over a distance of 2.0 cm, would be needed to balance the downward force of gravity so that an electron would remain stationary? assume that the electric field is uniform.
An object is put through work (energy) when it is lifted off the ground. You might think of it as the force operating on an object to try to get it back to its lowest potential energy (the "ground state") when you do so.
The object obtains potential energy equal to the force needed to raise it (roughly) when you do so. Water towers and dams are frequent examples of structures that humans have used to harvest gravitational potential energy.
Every facet of modern life, including using your phone or turning on your hose, depends on your ability to harness potential energy (we do it more with fuels rather than gravity nowaday though if you think about it, gravity is why we have oil inthefirstplace).
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What is the minimum diameter at section (1) in the pipe below to avoid cavitation at that location? Take D2= 15 cm. Neglect friction head loss in the pipe. (3) Water 5 m (1) (2)
The minimum diameter at section (1) in the pipe below to avoid cavitation at the location is 16.6 cm.
Look at the picture
In section (1) according to Torricelli's law the speed of waterAccording to Bernoulli's equation in sections (1) and (2)
p₁ + 0.5 ρv₁² = p₂ + 0.5 ρv₂²
1.5 × 10⁵ + (0.5 × 1,000 × 14²) = 1.01 × 10⁵ + (0.5 × 1,000 × v₂²)
1.5 × 10⁵ - 1.01 × 10⁵ + 98,000 = 500 × v₂²
49,000 + 98,000 = 500 × v₂²
147,000 = 500 × v₂²
v₂² = 147,000 ÷ 500
v₂² = 294
[tex]v_2 = \sqrt{294}[/tex]
v₂ = 17.15 m/s
According to the continuity equation for fluids
A₁ v₁ = A₂ v₂
[tex]\frac{1}{4} D_1^2 v_1 = \frac{1}{4} D_2^2 v_2[/tex]
D₁² v₁ = D₂² v₂
D₁² × 14 = 15² × 17.15
D₁² = 3,858.75 ÷ 14
D₁² = 275.625
[tex]D_1 = \sqrt{275.625}[/tex]
D₁ = 16.6 cm
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Self-perception only shapes physical appearance.
OA. True
OB. False
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
an irregularly shaped object 10. m long is placed with each end on a scale. if the scale on the left reads 74 n and the scale on the right reads 93 n how far from the left is the center of mass?
The center of mass of an irregularly shaped object 10 m long that is placed with each end on a scale from the left is 5.57 m
Let the object length be L.
L = 10 m
Let the distance from center of mass to the right end be x. The irregular shaped object exerts an upward force on both left and right side.
Fl = 74 N
Fr = 93 N
Since the object is at rest,
τ = 0
Fr * x - Fl ( L - x ) = 0
93 x = 74 ( 10 - x )
93 x = 740 - 74 x
167 x = 740
x = 4.43 m
Distance from left end = L - x
d = 10 - 4.43
d = 5.57 m
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You are a crash test analyst for Toyota. Car 1 (mass = 900 kg) is at rest while Car 2 (mass = 1700 kg) is traveling toward Car 1 at 15.0 m/s. The two cars collide and and their bumpers stick together. What is the resulting momentum after the collision?
The momentum after the collision is 25500 kg⋅m/s. Each object's momentum may change, but the overall momentum must not change.
What is Momentum ?In Newtonian mechanics, momentum is calculated as the sum of an object's mass and velocity. It has a magnitude and a direction, making it a vector quantity.
The rate of change of a body's momentum is equal to the net force exerted on it, according to Newton's second law of motion. Regardless of the frame of reference, momentum is a conserved quantity in any inertial frame, which means that if an enclosed system is not subject to outside influences, its total linear momentum remains constant.
The formula for calculating momentum is expressed as
momentum = mass x velocity
According to the law of conservation of momentum, initial momentum = final momentum
The formula for initial momentum is
m1u1 + m2u2
where
m1 = mass of first car
u1 = initial velocity of first car
m2 = mass of second car
u2 = initial velocity of second car
From the information given,
m1 = 900
u1 = 0 because it is at rest
m2 = 1700
u2 = 15.0 m/s
Initial momentum = 900 x 0 + 1700 x 15.0 = 25500
Momentum after the collision is 25500 kg⋅m/s
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how much force is the person exerting toward the right (the force that would go towards trying to move the car)?
Newton's second law of motion gives the following definition of the force formula: "Force exerted by an object equals mass times that object's acceleration." F = m ⨉ a.
To apply this formula, you must use SI units for force (newtons), mass (kilograms), and acceleration (meters per second squared). Every automobile, truck, boat, helicopter, plane, and even spacecraft, Lift, Weight, Thrust, and Drag Newton's first law states that your body, like all mass, tries to remain in its current location. Your body attempts to stay where it was, which is on the left, if the car turns to the right. If an object is travelling and its mass is m, its rate of slowing down is v, and the time it takes is t, then.
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2. A place-kicker strikes a football with a horizontal velocity of 22 meters per second and vertical velocity of 10 meters per second. The ball reaches its maximum height within 1. 02 seconds. What is the total time that the ball with spend in the air?
The total time that the ball with spend in the air is 2.04 Seconds.
As per the data given in the above question.
It is given that the initial velocity of football is 22 meters per second.
And vertical velocity is 10 meters per second.
Also the ball reaches its maximum height within 1. 02 seconds.
We have to find the Time of flight.
As we know that the time of flight i.e ball travel in air is just double the maximum-height time.
Total time of ball in air is equal to double the maximum-height time.
[tex]=2 \times 1.02\\=2.04 \:Seconds[/tex]
The ball will be in the air for a total of 2.04 seconds.
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during an isothermal compression of an ideal gas, 200 j of heat must be removed from the gas to maintain constant temperature. how much work is done by the gas during the process?
The overall work done for isothermal compression is 200 Joules.
Theory :
Thermal and ISO stand for temperature and constant, respectively. The processes in which the temperature is constant are known as isothermal processes. When a system's volume is reduced or its pressure is raised, this is referred to as compression. The compression process known as isothermal compression occurs at a constant temperature. A closed system is where the thermodynamic process takes place. Thermal equilibrium is maintained by the process.Integration of dW, where dW is the displacement work or PdV, constitutes the work produced by an isothermal process.Boyle's law, which applies to an ideal gas in this process, governs the behavior of the gas and the work it does.The system's molar heat capacity in this process is infinite because there is no temperature difference.Mathematics & Calculations:
[tex]dQ=dU + w\\\\\\dq=heat \\dU=energy\\\\dU=nCdT=0 \\\\dQ=w\\\\dQ =200J\\\\Work=w=200J[/tex]
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a figure skater is rotating with her arms stretched out away from her body. as she pulls her arms in towards her body, what happens to her angular velocity?
A skater is rotating with her arms stretched out away from her body. As she pulls her arms in towards her body, her angular velocity increases.
If she pulls her arms in towards her body, moment of inertia reduces. And her angular momentum is conserved.
According to the law of conservation of angular momentum, we can say that, in the absence of external torque, the angular momentum of a system of particles does not change.
So, as she reduces her moment of inertia, her angular velocity increases. This results in the increase of her spinning speed.
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a 4.0 m length of metal wire is connected to a 1.5 v battery, and a current of 3.0 ma flows through it. what is the diameter of the wire? (the resistivity of metal is 2.24×10−8ω⋅m .)
The wire has a diameter of 1.596 × (10) -5 m.
How to calculate the Diameter?L = 4.0 m is the length of the wire.
The battery's emf is 1.5 volts.
I = 4 mA = 0.004 A is the wire's current.
The wire's resistance can be calculated using;
R = V / I
R = 1.5 / 0.004
R = 375 ohms
The wire's resistance in terms of resistivity is determined by;
R = pL / A
A = pL / R
Where;
The wire's area A is
Gold has a resistivity of (2.44 x 10)-8 ohm.
A = (2.44 x 10)-8 × 4 /375
A = 2.603 × (10) -10 m²
A = πd² / A
πd² = 4A
d = √4A / π
d = √4/ (2.602 × (10) -10 / π
d = 1.596 × (10) -5 m.
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In comparing two unequal forces on a rigid body, is it possible to have the larger force produce less torque than the smaller force?.
Yes, in comparing two unequal forces on a rigid body, it is possible to have the larger force produce less torque than the smaller force.
How is the possibility for difference in torque explained ?The equation used to calculate the amount of torque given the amount of force and the separation between the force's point of application and its axis of rotation is given by,[tex]\tau = Fd[/tex]
We can see from this equation that the torque magnitude depends on both the force magnitude and the perpendicular angle between the force application point and the axis of rotation. This indicates that ,it is possible for a larger force to create less torque than a smaller force.This is principally as a result of the separation between the places of application of the two forces from the axis of rotation. For instance, on a see-saw, if one person is significantly farther away from the fulcrum than the other, the heavier person can be lifted or balanced by the farther person.To learn more about torque, refer:
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select all options that can correctly complete the following statement. if the temperature of a gas in a sealed container increases, we can determine... (note: it is possible for the volume of the gas to change.) the sign of the work done on the gas (e.g., positive, negative, or zero). the sign of the change in thermal energy of the gas (e.g., positive, negative, or zero). the sign of the heat exchange with the gas (e.g., positive, negative, or zero).
The sign of heat exchange is positive.
Work Done on the gas is zero.
The sign of change in thermal energy is also positive.
Since the chamber container is closed, So, Volume of the container is fixed.
dV = 0
Since Work Done by the system is dW = PdV = 0
Work Done by the gas and Work done by the gas is zero.
We use First Law of Thermodynamics, we have :
dQ = dU +dW
dQ = dU + PdV
dQ = dU = [tex]C_{v} dT[/tex]
Also thermal energy ∝ T
In the given situation, The temperature is rising, dT > 0
So, we can conclude that dQ > 0, dU > 0 and [tex]dE_{thermal} > 0[/tex]
The sign of heat exchange is positive.
Work Done on the gas is zero.
The sign of change in thermal energy is also positive.
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how do the friction force and applied force compare before and after the object is in motion? are these forces balanced or unbalanced? predict the net force.
Answer: In order for an object to move at a constant speed or to accelerate or decelerate, the applied (horizontal) force and the frictional force must be unequal.
Explanation: How does the frictional force compare to the applied force?
Frictional force serves to keep the crate in place by acting in the opposite direction as the applied force. The term for this rubbing force is static friction. If you push harder, the frictional force will rise until it achieves its maximum value as a result of the increased applied force.
Do we have even or uneven friction?
Friction was the driving force that kept the bucket in place. It absorbed the tiny force applied to the bucket and offset it. a move
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what is the shape of the worldline of an object at rest, when time is plotted on the vertical axis? a horizontal line a diagonal line going up to the right a diagonal line going down to the right a vertical line a point
The shape of the worldline of an object when it is plotted on the vertical axis will be a vertical line to point.
When an object is at rest, it will not change its coordinates when it moves. At this time, it will be fixed on the horizontal axis and move on the vertical axis. So, the shape of the object will be a straight vertical line.
The concept explained is the theory of relativity, which was proposed by Albert Einstein. It's a theory of gravity that mentions that the force of gravity occurs from the curvature of space and time. The worldline of an object is the time or way that an object spends in space.
This theory mainly explains how an object behaves in space and an object with a higher mass takes a lot of time.
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(1) the electrons in a certain material have a full band of possible energies separated from a completely empty energy and by energy gap of 2.8 ev. this material is a
When the electrons in a certain material have a full band of possible energies, the material is a semiconductor.
What is a semiconductor?A semiconductor is a material with specific electrical properties that allow it to be used as the foundation for computers and other electronic devices. It is typically a solid chemical element or compound that conducts electricity only under certain conditions.
If the valence band is completely full and the conduction band is completely empty, electrons cannot move within the solid because there are no available states, and no current generation occurs because there is no net charge carrier mobility. The semiconducting material is represented by an energy gap of 1.1 eV.
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. the latent heat for the water/steam transition is 2256 kj/kg, i.e., to convert 1 kg of water into steam requires 2256 kj. what is the latent heat per molecule of h2o? express your answer in joules and in ev.
Latent heat per molecule of H2O expressed in joules is 124976.7 J/mol.
Latent heat is the amount of heat energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature. To calculate the latent heat per molecule of H2O, we need to use the following equation:
Latent heat per molecule = (Latent heat / Mass of 1 molecule of H2O)
The mass of one molecule of H2O is approximately 18 x 10-3 kg.
Therefore, the latent heat per molecule of H2O is:
Latent heat per molecule = (2256 kJ / 18 x 10-3 kg) = 125333.33 kJ/mol
This is equivalent to 125333.33 kJ/mol = 124976.7 J/mol
In terms of electron volts, this is equivalent to 124976.7 J/mol = 7.2 x 1020 eV.
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a 1.0-kg ball is thrown into the air with an initial velocity of 30. m/s. a. how much kinetic energy does the ball have? b. how much potential energy does the ball have when it reaches the top of its ascent? c. how high into the air did the ball travel?
a) Kinetic energy of ball is 450J.
A 1kg ball is thrown into the air with an initial velocity of 30m/s. Newtonian physics says the kinetic energy that the ball have is:
( [tex]\frac{1}{2} )[/tex] ×1 kg×[tex](30 \frac{m}{s}) ^{2}[/tex]= 450 J.
In physics, what is kinetic energy?
The energy a thing has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy. A force must be applied to a thing in order to accelerate it. We must put forth effort in order to apply a force. After the job is finished, energy is transferred to the thing, which then moves at a new, constant speed.
b) Potential energy of ball is 450J
The whole amount of energy will be in the form of potential energy since the ball's kinetic energy will be equal to zero. As a result, when the ball reaches the peak of its climb, its potential energy will be 450 J.
c) 45m high into the air ball travel.
KE at start = GPE at the peak
450 = mgh
450 = (1)(g)(h)
450= (1)(10)(h)
45=h
Therefore, the ball will reach up to a height of 45m.
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a tire swing hanging from a branch reaches nearly to the ground (see the photo above). how could you estimate the height of the branch using only a stopwatch?
We may determine the height of the branch using the pendulum's expression of time period. The swinging tyre can be compared to the pendulum's swinging bob. Here, the pendulum's length will match the height of the branch.
So let h be. From the formula for the pendulum's duration, let T denote the time period of the tire's swing.
T = 2π√l/g where l is length of pendulum
l = h so
T = 2π√h/g
h = T^2g/4π^2
Calculating the tyre swing time allows us to determine the height of the branch.
A stop watch can be used to estimate the length of the tyre swing. Time period is the length of time it will take the tyre to go from one extreme to the other before returning.
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a laser beam with a wavelength of 694 nm is incident on two slits 0.100 mm apart. approximately how far apart will the bright interference fringes be on the screen 5.00 m from the double slits?
The bright interference fringes seen on the screen 5.00 m from the double slits is 34.7 mm apart.
yn = n λ D / d
yn+1 = ( n + 1 ) λ D / d
λ = Wavelength
D = Distance of fringe from slit
d = Distance between slits
Δy = yn+1 - yn
λ = 694 nm = 694 * 10⁻⁹ m
D = 5 m
d = 0.1 mm = 0.1 * 10⁻³ m
Δy = [ ( n + 1 ) λ D / d ] - n λ D / d
Δy = ( n + 1 - n ) λ D / d
Δy = 694 * 10⁻⁹ * 5 / 0.1 * 10⁻³
Δy = 3470 * 10⁻⁵
Δy = 34.7 * 10⁻³ m
Δy = 34.7 mm
The interference pattern's central fringe is caused by the constructive interference of light from two slits travelling the same distance to the screen and is bright and destructive if it is dark. The central fringe is known as the zero-order fringe
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