According to question, HCl is the limiting reactant, al is not the limiting reactant.
Equation is 3Al + 6 HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2 , Moles of Al are 125 ÷ 27= 4.6 moles and moles of HCl(aq) are 3.20 × 2.50 = 8.0000 . It is clear that moles of HCl to react with 4.6 moles of al(S) must be 2× 4.6 ie 9.2 but there are only 8 moles of HCl(aq). It display al can't react completely. So HCl(aq) must be a limiting reactant.
What is Reactant?
A substance that coalesces in a chemical reaction, is an object that is present at the beginning of the reaction.
What are Moles?
A standard scientific unit for measuring large amount of very small articles such as atoms, molecules, or other special particles.
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In general, a lone pair repels bonding electron pairs _____ than bonding pairs repel each other. A lone pair will therefore _____ the bond angle between bonding pairs. A double bond has a similar effect because a double bond has a _____ electron density than a single bond.
In general, a lone pair repels bonding electron pairs more than bonding pairs repel each other. A lone pair will therefore decrease the bond angle between bonding pairs greater.
What makes a double bond?When atoms share two pairs of electrons, this double bond is created. Pairs of electrons are constantly shared. A chemical bond is just a shared pair of electrons. A double connection between two atoms requires more energy for break than a single bond because 4 electrons are shared by the two or more atoms in the double bond.
What type of bond is a double bond?A covalent link with bond order = 2 made up of four electrons, two of which form sigma and pi bonds, respectively. displaying single, doubled, and tripling bonds in the Lewis structure. a molecular representation of ethylene's dual bond.
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Determine the equilibrium constant at 255 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions 4H+(aq) + MnO, (s) +2Fe2+ (aq)-> Mn2+ (aq) +2Fe3+ (aq) + 2H,0? The two half-reactions are: MnO2(s) +4H+(aq) + 2e-? Mn2+(aq) + 2H20(1) E?-1.23 V Fe3-(aq) + e-? Fe2 + (ag) E -0.770 V
The equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction at 255K is given by the Nernst equation.
What is equilibrium constant?
The value of a chemical reaction's reaction ratio at chemical equilibrium, a government that a dynamic chemical system approaches after enough time has passed and at which its structure has no discernible tendency to change further, is the equilibrium constant for that reaction. The equilibrium constant seems to be dependent on the initial analysis concentration levels of the product and reactant species in the mixture for a particular set of reaction conditions. As a result, the composition of a system at equilibrium can be calculated from its initial composition using known equilibrium constant values. However, factors affecting the reaction such as temperature, solvent, as well as ionic strength may all affect the equilibrium constant's value.
The equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction at 255K is given by the Nernst equation:
K = e^(-ΔG/RT)
where ΔG is the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction and R is the gas constant.
Using the half-reactions, we can calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction (ΔG) as follows:
ΔG = -nF(E1-E2)
where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the reaction and F is the Faraday constant.
For the reaction above, n=2 and F=96,485 C/mol. Therefore,
ΔG = -2*96,485*(1.23-0.77) = -189.4 kJ/mol
Therefore, the equilibrium constant (K) at 255K is given by:
K = e^(-189.4/8.314*255) = 2.13 x 10^-11
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refer to the neutralization of nitric acid by sodium hydroxide discussed in the introduction. calculate the heat of reaction (in kj) when 44.4 ml of 1.3 m nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6 m sodium hydroxide.
The heat of reaction when 44.4 ml of 1.3M nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6M sodium hydroxide is 1.65 KJ/mol.
The neutralization reaction of HNO₃ and NaOH takes place according to the reaction as,
HNO₃+ NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O
So, as we can see, one mole of HNO₃ reats completely with one mole of NaOH.
The heat of reaction is the heat the heat released when one mole of HNO₃ completely reacts with one mole of NaOH. For one mole, the heat of reaction is 53.7 KJ/mol
Now, in this case 44.4 ml of 1.3M nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6M sodium hydroxide.
So, millimoles of HNO₃ are 57.59 millimoles.
Now, millimoles of NaOH are 30.9 millimoles.
So, because NaOH is limiting reagent, so,
The heat of the reaction will be,
Heat of reaction = 53.7 x 1000 x 30.9/1000
Heat of reaction = 1.65 KJ/mol.
So, the heat of the reaction is 1.65 KJ/mol.
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seawater with less than 35 ppt but more than 30 ppt is termed . a. brine. b. saline. c. brackish. d. metahaline.
Brackish water is a mixture of freshwater and seawater, below approximately 33 ppt.
Brackish water(aka brack water) is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and freshwater together, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the Middle Dutch root brak, which means slightly salty.
What is Salinity ? Salinity is the measure of the number of grams of salts per kilogram of seawater, which is expressed in parts per thousand. Parts per thousand can be defined as how many parts, or grams, of salt there are per thousand parts, or kilogram (1,000 g), of seawater
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A chunk of dry ice, solid co2, disappears after sitting at room temperature for a while. There is no puddle of liquid. What happened?.
Answer:
When dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) is exposed to room temperature, it sublimates, meaning it changes directly from a solid to a gas. This process is known as sublimation and is why dry ice "disappears" when left at room temperature. The gas produced is carbon dioxide, which is odorless and colorless.
Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with _____.
Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
What is resonance hybrid?Resonance structures are a collection of two or more Lewis structures that together represent the electronic bonding of a single polyatomic species, including fractional bonds and fractional charges.
When a single Lewis formula with an integral number of covalent bonds is used, resonance structures can describe delocalized electrons that cannot be described by that formula.
Are there any partial charges in resonance hybrids?
There must never be any net formal charge in a resonance structure. The net partial charge on an atom, on the other hand, is the weighted average of the formal plus partial charges on that atom in each resonance contributor. Individual atoms, however, may have partial formal charges.
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Below are six boundary - surface representations of molecular orbitals in homonuclear (second period) diatomic molecules. Which of the following represents a pi-bonding molecular orbitals? Select all that apply.
The statement was not given completely hence it is not possible to give correct answer for surface representations of molecular orbitals in homonuclear (second period) diatomic molecules and which of the following represents a pi-bonding molecular orbitals.
What is pi-bonding?The term "pi bond" refers to a type of covalent chemical interaction in which two orbital lobes on one atom overlap laterally with two orbital lobes on another atom.
Homonuclear diatomic molecules:Homonuclear molecules are those made up of only one type of element and when we talk of Homonuclear diatomic molecules then these Homonuclear molecules are composed with two molecules of same element.
Some example of Homonuclear diatomic molecules are :
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1. Calculate the quantitative concentration of sodium chloride (NaCI) solution, which contains 0.3 mol of NaCI in 0.5 dm3
2. Determine the concentration of magnesium chloride solution (MgC12), which in 200 cm3
contains MgCl2.
3. How many grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
needed to prepare 100cm3 of solution
mass concentration 80q/dm3?
what is the molarity of an hcl solution if it takes 25.00 ml of a 0.750 m naoh solution to neutralize 10.00 ml of the hcl solution?
1.875M is the molarity of an HCl solution if it takes 25.00 ml of a 0.750 m NaOH solution to neutralize 10.00 ml of the HCl solution
The Balanced reaction for the equation is given by:
HCl+NaOH⇌H₂O+NaCl
It is given that the molarity of NaOH is 0.750M, the volume of HCl is 25ml, the volume of HCl to be neutralized is 10ml.
Then, By titration:
We know that,
Molarity = n/V
n = Molarity x V
0.025 L of 0.750 mol/L of NaOH = No of moles of NaOH
No of moles NaOH = 0.025 x 0.750
No of moles of NaOH = 0.01875 mol
Then it can be written that,
0.01875 mol NaOH and 1 mol HCl/1 mol NaOH = 0.01875 mol HCl
Now,
0.01875 mol HCl / 0.010 L = 1.875M HCl
Therefore, the molarity is 1.875M
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a sample of gas has a volume of 5.75 l at 425 mmhg. what is the new pressure if the volume is changed to 7.60 l while the temperature and amount of gas are held constant?
With the temperature and amount of gas remaining constant, the new pressure for a sample of gas with a volume of 5.75 l at 425 mmHg is 562 mmHg. We can use gas constant.
The force applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is spread is known as pressure (symbol: p or P). The pressure relative to the surrounding air is known as gauge pressure, sometimes spelled gauge pressure. The sign R or R stands for the molar gas constant, also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant. It is the Boltzmann constant's molar equivalent, measured in units of energy per degree of temperature increment and amount of substance. According to Boyle's rule, pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature and gas volume, hence P1V1 = P2V2 P2=P1V1 /V2 V1 = beginning gas volume = 5.75 L V2 = final gas volume = 7.60 L.
P1 = 425 mmHg initial gas pressure
If we plug the value P2= 425*7.60/5.75 = 561.7 mmHg, the answer is the fourth choice at 562 mmHg.
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the specific rotation of pure (r)-c6h5chohch3 is -42.3. a pure sample of (r)-c6h5chohch3 was converted to the corresponding alcohol via an sn2 reaction. what is the specific rotation of the product?
The specific rotation of the product is + 42.3° . option B is the correct answer
The SN2 mechanism was used to convert (R)-C6H5CHClCH3 into the appropriate alcohol, the end result should be (S)-C6H5CHOHCH3. This is due to the fact that, in the SN2 reaction mechanism, the departing nucleophile prefers to attack from the front side in order to reduce electrical repulsions during the transition state. This results in a complete configuration inversion at the molecules' chiral carbon. The amplitude of a particular rotational value will be the same but with the opposite sign in enantiomers. For instance, if R isomer displays -42.3°, S isomer will display +42.3°.
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Do you think it would be useful to determine the chemical properties of any of the evidence? why or why not? (at least one sentence).
Chemical categories may be created using Chemical properties . They can be helpful in identifying unknown chemicals as well as in separating or purifying them from other substances.
Any characteristic of a substance that can only be formed by altering its chemical identity is referred to as a Chemical properties . Chemical properties include those that emerge during or after a chemical reaction. Simply put, it is impossible to detect a substance's chemical qualities by looking at it or feeling it; instead, the internal structure of the substance must be significantly altered in order to conduct an investigation into its chemical properties. Chemical change happens when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction, which causes significant changes in its properties. An additional chemical feature would be one that is catalytic, though.
Physical qualities, on the other hand, can be identified without altering the structure of a substance, in contrast to chemical attributes
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What key features should be present in the ir spectrum of your product if you successfully made the desired bromohydrin? what key features should be absent from the ir spectrum if the starting material was completely reacted?.
The key features that should be present in the IR spectrum of your product if you successfully made the desired bromohydrin and the key features that should be absent from the IR spectrum if the starting material was completely reacted are the spectra of the other alcohols.
The spectra of the other alcohols utilized in the synthesis indicate the presence of bromohydrin. The presence of Bromohydrin with the Hydroxyl stretch characteristic demonstrates the presence of alcohol
What is bromohydrin?Bromonydrin is formed by the addition of Br and OH across an alkene, and the result is known as a bromohydrin (bromo=bromine, hydrin=hydro, water/H₂O).
The synthesis of bromohydrins includes extremely regioselective ring expansion of epoxides to halohydrins using hydrogen and lithium halides in the presence of -cyclodextrin in water as a solvent.
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for the reaction in which the equalibrium constant, k, is equal to 1.000, what would be the value of eo? two electrons are transferred in the reaction at a temperature of 298.15 k.
The value of Eo would be = 0
What is Nerst equation?
The Nernst equation formula connects the reaction quotient, electrochemical cell potential, temperature, and standard cell potential.
Eo = [tex](\frac{RT}{nF} ) lnK[/tex]
Where,
R = Gas constant
T = Temperature
K = equilibrium constant
F = Faraday constant
n = no. of electrons
Given,
k = 1.000
T = 298.15k
n = 2
R = Gas constant = 8.314[tex]JK^-^1mol^-^1[/tex]
We know,
Eo = [tex](\frac{RT}{nF} ) lnK[/tex]
Subsituting the values:
Eo = [tex](\frac{8.314 * 298.15}{2 * 96485} ) lnK[/tex]
Eo = [tex]\frac{0.592}{2} lnK[/tex]
Eo = 0.296 * ln (1)
Eo = 0.296 * 0
Eo = 0
The value of Eo would be = 0
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a sample of indoor air was then having 14 grams of water at a temperature of 20 c. the relative humidity of the sample of air is:
The relative humidity of the sample containing 14 grams of water at a temperature of 20°C is 100%.
Explanation for relative humidity
Relative Humidity is defined as the ratio that is expressed in percent, of the amount of atmospheric moisture present relative to the amount that would be present if the air were saturated.
Given,
Air temperature of 20°C can sustain the amount of water vapor is 14 grams.
From the table of saturation mixing ratio, it is observed that
The saturation mixing ration for air temperature at 20°C is 14g/kg
Therefore, the relative humidity for the given sample is,
14/14 × 100 = 100%
Hence, the relative humidity for the given sample is 100%.
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the pressure of a sample of argon gas was increased from 3.54 atm3.54 atm to 8.38 atm8.38 atm at constant temperature. if the final volume of the argon sample was 14.4 l,14.4 l, what was the initial volume of the argon sample? assume ideal behavior.
The original volume of the argon sample was 42.37L when the argon sample's pressure was raised from 3.54 atm. 3:54 to 8:38 a.m. 8.38 atm at a fixed temperature
The most prevalent gas in the atmosphere after nitrogen and oxygen is argon. Argon is a noble gas, making it fully inert, like helium. It is a colourless, odourless gas that has no effect on other substances at all. Despite being a gas, argon has the ability to combine with other substances in specific situations.
Isothermal processes are defined as those that occur at constant temperature. There are many isothermal processes that are used often. At constant temperatures, the working fluid undergoes a change in phase during the boiling and condensing processes.
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true or false. in a voltaic cell, the oxidation and reduction reactions occur in separate compartments. g
The release of energy from a spontaneous reaction can be put to good use. The reaction must be divided into the oxidation and reduction reactions, two independent half-reactions, in order to capture this energy. '
It only makes sense that electrons move from the electrode with a higher negative charge to the electrode with a higher positive charge since the anode and cathode are opposites of each other. The anode is one electrode where the oxidation half-reaction takes place, while the cathode is the electrode where the reduction half-reaction takes place.
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Classify each substance as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte:(a) Sodium permanganate (b) Acetic acid (c) Methanol (d) Calcium acetate
Sodium permanganate and Calcium acetate are strong electrolyte, Acetic acid is weak electrolyte and Methanol is nonelectrolyte.
With the chemical formula NaMnO4, sodium permanganate is an inorganic substance. Most commonly, it comes in monohydrate form. Iron and manganese are removed, taste and odour are controlled, biological growth in treatment plants is controlled, and sodium permanganate is employed as an oxidant. By oxidising precursors and decreasing the need for other disinfectants, including chlorine, it can aid in lowering the development of disinfection byproducts (DBPs).
The chemical name for acetic acid, officially known as ethanoic acid, is CH3COOH. It is an organic substance that is acidic, colourless, and liquid. Its chemical formula is CH3COOH, and other names for acetic acid include ethanoic acid, ethylic acid, vinegar acid, and methane carboxylic acid. Vinegar gets its distinctive smell from acetic acid, a byproduct of fermentation. A 4-6% acetic acid solution makes up vinegar.
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Under which of the following sets of conditions is a real gas expected to deviate from ideal behavior?
(I) High pressure, small volume.
(II) High temperature, low pressure.
(III) Low temperature, high pressure
A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Only III
D. I and III both
Answer: D
(I) High pressure, small volume.
(III) Low temperature, high pressure
sets of conditions is a real gas expected to deviate from ideal behavior
A theoretical gas called an ideal gas is one that has lots of point particles flying around arbitrarily and not being affected by other particles. The ideal gas notion is advantageous because it complies with the ideal gas law, a condensed equation of state, and is amenable to statistical mechanics analysis. A theoretical gas called an ideal gas is one that has many of randomly moving particles but doesn't have any interparticle interactions. The converse is true for a real gas; it takes up space and its molecules interact. As a result, PV is always equal to nRT.
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when you reach the temperature of the what point, you become a liquid?
Answer:
depends on what the substance is for example iron has a 2,800F melting point
Explanation:
a 1.00 g sample of nh4no3 is decomposed in a bomb calorimeter which has a heat capacity (including the water) of 1.23 kj k–1. the temperature increases by 6.12 k. what is the molar heat of decomposition for ammonium nitrate?
When NH4NO3's molar mass is 80.043 g/mol, its moles are 1 g/80.043 g/mol.
= 0.0125 moles
= ΔH / moles NH4NO3
= -7.5 KJ / 0.0125 moles
= -600 KJ.mol-1
What in chemistry is a molar mass?
The mass in grams of one mole of a substance is its molar mass. The molar mass of a substance can be found by adding the molar masses of its constituent atoms, as demonstrated in this video. The computed molar mass can then be used to convert between mass and the amount of moles in the substance.
What are molar mass and a mole?
One mole of a chemical is equal to 6.022 x 1023 molecules (or formula units) (ionic compound). The mass of 1 mole of a chemical is indicated by its molar mass. It provides you with the amount of grams per mole of a substance, to put it another way.
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a 2.25-g sample of magnesium nitrate, mg(no3)2, contains mol of this compound. question 20 options: 0.0152 65.8 38.4 148.3 0.0261
a 2.25 g sample of magnesium nitrate contains 0.0152 mol of this compound.
CalculationThe given amount of sample is 2.25 g.
The given sample is Mg(NO3)2.
The molar mass of Mg(NO3)2 is the sum of the atomic mass of each atom present in Mg(NO3)2.
The molar mass of Mg(NO3)2 is 148.3 g/mol.
The mole of Mg(NO3)2 is determined as follows:
Mole= Mass/Molar mass
On substituting known values;
Mole= 2.25g/148.3g/mol
Mole=0.0152mol
So, the mole magnesium nitrate is 0.0152.
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a cylinder with a moveable piston contains 92g of nitrogen. the external pressure is constant at 1.00 atm. the initial temperature is 200k. when the temperature is increased by 92 k, by taking it out of the freezer, the volume will increase, according to the ideal gas law. calculate the work for this process. express your answer in j. the conversion factor between liter atmospheres and joules is 101.3 j
The work done is equal to 1911.53 J.
Solution:
work done = 18.87Latm
= 18.87 x 101.3j
= 1911.53 j
The work done is calculated by substituting the value of pressure, final volume, and initial volume in the work done equation. Then, the unit for work done will be in L atm, and this is converted into joules by multiplying the value in L atm with:
The work done is equal to 101.3j
= 1911.53j
Thus, The work done is equal to 1911.53 J.
The total cost of work in process refers to the sum of the starting cost of work in process and the total manufacturing cost for the period. In other words, the above concept can be obtained by adding the original work-in-progress inventory to the total manufacturing cost.
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what is the standard emf of a galvanic cell made of a ni electrode in a 1.0 m ni(no3)2 solution and a cr electrode in a 1.0 m cr(no3)3 solution at 25°c?
The standard emf of a galvanic cell made of a Ni electrode in a 1.0 M Ni(NO₃)₂ solution and a Cr electrode in a 1.0 M Cr(NO₃)₂ solution at 25 °C is 0.51 V.
the reduction potential of Ni²⁺ = - 0.23
the reduction potential of Cr³⁺ = - 0.74
the reduction potential of the Ni²⁺ is higher than the reduction potential of Cr³⁺. that mean Ni²⁺ undergoes the reduction.
the standard emf cell expression is given as follows :
the standard emf cell , E = E Ni²⁺/Ni - E Cr³⁺ / Cr
= - 0.23 - ( - 0.74 )
= - 0.23 + 0.74
= 0.51 V
Thus, The standard emf of cell is 0.51 V.
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for the electron in the hydrogen atom, which of the sets of observables below are compatible observables?
For the electron in the hydrogen atom, the sets of observable below are compatible observable is-
The total energy, the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum and its component along the z-axis.
What is the charge of an electron in hydrogen atom?A hydrogen atom has one positively charged proton and one negatively charged electron, making it overall neutral. The hydrogen ion has an electric charge of one when it loses that one electron to become an ion.
In hydrogen gas, each hydrogen molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms that are bound together. Similarly, two oxygen atoms combine to form an oxygen molecule.
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what does burned ether mean, and when ether is burned, does it increase the value of your glk balance
Sending a token to an account that can only accept them is known as "burning" a coin. Burner or eater addresses are wallet addresses that are used to burn bitcoin. Burning effectively takes tokens out of circulation.
What occurs if cryptocurrency gets burned?A digital asset is essentially removed from circulation by being locked away for all time when it is burned by sending it to a location from which it can never be retrieved, also known as a burn address.
If cryptocurrency gets burned, do you lose money?A token is permanently lost if it is transferred to a burn address. Anyone who owns a cryptocurrency can burn it, but since you'd essentially be throwing money away, it's not exactly something you'd want to do for no reason. The majority of the time, a cryptocurrency's creators pick how much to burn.
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18.0 g of nitrogen gas occupies 19.0 l at a particular temperature and pressure. 67.0 g of unknown gas occupies the same volume at the same pressure and temperature. what is the molar mass of the unknown gas?
Molar mass of unknown gas is 52 g/mol and Unknown gas is chromium
Given in the question;
Mass of nitrogen = 18 g
So, No of Moles of nitrogen (n') = 18/14 = 1.28 mol
Volume of nitrogen (V') = Volume of unknown gas (V") = 19 L
Let number of mol of unknown solution be X(n")
Applying Ideal gas law PV = nRT (mention in question that pressure and temperature of both gas is same R is already constant)
So, V'/n' = V"/n"
Thus, 19/1.28 = 19/n"
n" = 1.28 mol
So, No of mols of unknown gas is 1.28 mol.
Molar mass of Unknown gas = Given mass/number of mols
= 67/1.28 = 52 g/mol
So, Molar mass of unknown gas is 52 g/mol and Unknown gas is chromium
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(a) What is the net redox reaction that occurs when Pt comes into contact with acidic KMnO4? (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Omit states-of-matter from your answer.)
chemPad
Help
2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5Pt → 5Pt2+ + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O
Correct.
(b) What is E°cell for the reaction?
Net Redox Reaction when Pt(Platinum) comes in contact with KMnO4 is : 2MnO4- + 16H+ 5Pt → 5Pt2+ + 2Mn2+ 8H2O .
Potassium permanganate(KMnO₄) is strong oxidizing agent which is reduced and oxidizes Pt (Platinum) according to the two-half reactions:
The oxidation reaction: Pt → Pt²⁺ + 2e.
The reduction reaction: MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5e → Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O.
To obtain the net redox reaction, we multiply the oxidation reaction by 5 and the reduction reaction by 2 to equalize the no. of electrons in the two-half reactions.
So, the net redox reaction will be:
2MnO4- + 16H+ 5Pt → 5Pt2+ + 2Mn2+ 8H2O
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.
as a result of electron flow through complex iii, four protons (h ) are moved into the intermembrane space
As a result of electron flow through complex iii the four protons (h ) are moved into the intermembrane space to cytochrome c i.e. another electron transporter.
What is Complex iii?Electron flow through Complex iii is a multi-subunit type structure which is responsible for taking electrons from ubiquinol and transferring them to cytochrome c i.e. another electron transporter.
Electron flow:The electrons flow from -ive(negative) terminal to +ive (positive) terminal causing current flow in the circuit and also known as electron current.
Hence, as a result of electron flow through complex iii the four protons (h ) are moved into the intermembrane space to cytochrome c i.e. another electron transporter.
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All of the following species contain N-O bond(s): NO-, NO2-, NO3-
Draw the Lewis structure(s) for each, then answer the following questions
Which has the strongest N-O bond? --
A. NO⁻
B. NO₂⁻
C. NO₃⁻
Which has the longest N-O bond? --
A.NO⁻
B.NO₂⁻
C. NO₃⁻
Lewis structure of NO⁻, NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻ are attached to this answere below.
The higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and thus the shorter the bond.
The bond order for NO⁻ is [tex]\frac{3 electrons}{1 bonding.group}[/tex] = 3/1 = 3
The bond order for NO₂⁻ is [tex]\frac{3 electrons}{2 bonding.group}[/tex] = 3/2 = 1.5
The bond order for NO₃⁻ is [tex]\frac{4 electrons}{3 bonding.group}[/tex] = 4/3 = 1.33
Here, you can see the bond order decreases as the number of oxygens in these compounds increases and we know higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and thus the shorter the bond.
So, NO₃⁻ has lowest bond order that means it has longest and weak bond After NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻ comes and it has stronger bond than NO₃⁻ and shorter Bond length than NO₃⁻. NO⁻ has shortest and strongest bond among all three.
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