Answer:
The value of 2x+3y is 26
Explanation:
Because NH pattern gave hybridization Sp3
Just like NH3 Or NH2-
And SF pattern gave hybridization Sp3d2
Also just like SF6
X is the static no. of NH pattern
So X=4
Y is the static no. Of SF pattern
So Y = 6
Value of 2X+3Y
2*4 + 3*6
26
What would have happened to your % Transmittance reading and to your calculations of Keq if the spectrophotometer had been set at 520 nm rather than 447nm
Answer:
On the off chance that the wavelength(λ) maximum worth has been changed to 520 nm from 470 nm on the spectrophotometer, less light would be absorbed and in this way %T would be higher than the one found at 470 nm. The wavelength utilized at 520 nm isn't adequate for the excitation and consequently lesser light is absorbed by the arrangement.
Explanation:
A spectrophotometer is an analytical equipment used to quantitatively gauge the transmission(passage) or impression of visible light, UV light or infrared light through a medium.
Transmittance (τ) is the ratio of the brilliant or luminous flux at a given wavelength that is transmitted to that of the incident radiation.
where, Keq is the equilibrium constant.
On the off chance that the wavelength(λ) has been changed to 520 nm from 470 nm on the spectrophotometer, less light would be absorbed and in this way %T would be higher than the one found at 470 nm.
What happens to Transmittance?A spectrophotometer is an analytical equipment used to quantitatively gauge the transmission(passage) or impression of visible light, UV light or infrared light through a medium. Transmittance (τ) is the ratio of the brilliant or luminous flux at a given wavelength that is transmitted to that of the incident radiation. The wavelength utilized at 520 nm isn't adequate for the excitation and consequently lesser light is absorbed by the arrangement. As the concentration goes up, more radiation is absorbed and the absorbance goes up. Therefore, the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration.
Find more information about Transmittance here: brainly.com/question/14919298
Lewis structure of methyl metcaptain
Answer:
The lewis structure of the compounds can be drawn by making the skeleton of the molecule first. Then the different atoms are arranged and the electrons are arranged in their bonding pattern. The lone pair of the atoms, which are not involved in the bonding are represented by the dots.
So the lewis structures of both the compound methyl mercaptan has been in the attached image:
Spelling of methyl metcaptain is wrong, the correct spelling is methyl mercaptan.
Answer:
Methyl mercaptan is also known as Methanethiol with the chemical formula CH3SH and it is an organosulfur compound.
For lewis structure of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), there are total 14 valence electrons. Four hydrogen atoms has one valence electron each, carbon has four valence electrons and sulfur has six valence electrons. Carbon form one bond with three hydrogen atoms by sharing one electron with each, carbon form one single bond with sulfur atom by sharing one electron with it and sulfur form one single bond with hydrogen. Sulfur left with four unpair electrons.
MnBr2 molecular or ionic:
name:
molecular or ionic
Answer: Manganese(II)bromide
Explanation:
Because it is a chemical compound composed of manganese and bromine
The mathematics of combining quantum theory with wave motion of atomic particles is known as _____.
Combining quantum theory with wave motion of atomic particles is: Wave Mechanics
Write the empirical formula
Answer:
[tex]Pb(CO_{3})_{2} \\Pb(NO_{3})_{4} \\FeCO_{3}\\Fe(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]Pb^{4+}(CO_{3}^{2-})_{2} --->Pb(CO_{3})_{2} \\Pb^{4+} (NO_{3}^{-})_{4} --->Pb(NO_{3})_{4} \\Fe^{2+} CO_{3}^{2-} --->FeCO_{3}\\Fe^{2+} (NO_{3}^{-})_{2}--->Fe(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex]
Identify the precipitation reaction in the set?
Answer:
The third reaction
(2NaOH + NiCL2 ---> 2NaCl + Ni(OH)2)
Explanation:
By definition, a precipitation reaction refers to the formation of an insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are combined.
(Source: lumenlearning)
From the 4 options, we can eliminate the first and second one immediately because there is no formation of an insoluble salt.
Then, the last one can also be eliminated because even though there is insoluble solid formed, but it is not a salt, and, the reactants are not solutions too. In fact, the last one is a displacement reaction. A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal to form an ion.
Since the third reaction matches the definition of precipitation reaction, this is the answer.
g Which statement is incorrect regarding oxidation? Oxidation is a "gain" of electrons. Oxidation is the combination with O atoms. Oxidation is an increase in oxidation state. Oxidation is always accompanied by reduction. none of these
Answer:
The incorrect statement from the options is OXIDATION IS A "GAIN" OF ELECTRONS
Explanation:
Oxidation in a redox reaction is the loss of electrons. It is also the increase in the oxidation states of an atom or ion or atoms in a molecule. A redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons from an atom or ion to another resulting in a change in oxidation states of the substances involved. The reducing agent in the reaction is undergoes oxidation by losing electrons while the oxidating agent is reduced that is it gains electrons at the end of the reaction. The atom or ion from which electron is lost is said to be oxidized while the other atom or ion involved in the reaction is reduced.
Oxidation is also the combination with O atoms and it is always accompanied by reduction because oxidation forms a half of the whole redox reaction. A substance cannot be oxidized except it has reduced another substance by losing electrons to it.
g Suppose you are titrating an acid of unknown concentration with a standardized base. At the beginning of the titration, you read the base titrant volume as 1.94 mL. After running the titration and reaching the endpoint, you read the base titrant volume as 23.82 mL. What volume of base was required for the titration
Answer:
21.88mL is the volume of base required for the titration.
Explanation:
For an acid-base titration trying to find the concentration of an acid, you must add a known quantity of the acid and titrate it with an standarized base.
If you know the moles of base you add to the acid solution, these moles are equal to moles of acid.
In the buret of the titration, initial volume is 1.94mL and final volume is 23.82mL. The volume you are adding is the difference between initial and final volume, that is:
23.82mL - 1.94mL
21.88mL is the volume of base required for the titration.The lock and key model and the induced fit model are two models of enzyme action explaining both the specificity and the catalytic activity of enzymes. Indicate whether each statement is part of the lock and key model, the induced fit model, or is common to both models.
a. Enzyme conformation changes when it binds the substrate so the active site fits the substrate
b. Substrate binds to the enzyme at the active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex
c. Enzyme active site has a rigid structure complementary
d. Substrate binds to the enzyme through noncovalent interactions
Answer:
"The active site of the enzyme has a complementary rigid structure" belongs to the key and lock system
"The conformation of the enzyme changes when it binds to the substrate so that the active site conforms to the substrate." belongs to the induced fit system.
"The substrate binds to the enzyme at the active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex" belongs to both, that is, the key and lock system and the induced fit system.
"The substrate binds to the enzyme through non-covalent interactions" can belong to both enzyme systems.
Explanation:
Enzymatic key and lock systems bear this name because the enzyme at its site of union with the substrate has an ideal shape so that its fit is perfect, similar to a headbreaker, so once they are joined they are not It can bind another substrate to the enzyme, since they are generally associated with strong chemical bonds.
The shape of the enzyme's active site is a negative of what the shape of the substrate would be.
On the other hand, in the mechanism or enzyme system of induced adjustment, the enzyme has an active site that is where it binds with the substrate and another site where another chemical component binds, which when this chemical component binds this enzyme changes its morphology and becomes "active" to bond with your substrate.
This happens a lot in the inactive enzymes that are usually activated in digestive processes since the fact that these enzymes are constantly active would be dangerous, therefore the body takes the induced enzyme system as a control mechanism, where a molecule or chemical compound induces change morphological of an enzyme by means of the allosteric union so that it joins its substrate and catalyzes or analyzes it, depending on the enzymatic character of the enzyme.
A 3.00-g sample of an alloy (containing only Pb and Sn) was dissolved in nitric acid (HNO3). Sulfuric acid was added to this solution, which precipitated 2.93 g of PbSO4. Assuming that all of the lead was precipitated, what is the percentage of Sn in the sample? (molar mass of PbSO4 = 303.3 g/mol)
Answer:
33.3% of Sn in the sample
Explanation:
The addition of SO₄⁻ ions produce the selective precipitation of Pb²⁺ to produce PbSO₄.
Moles of PbSO₄ (molar mass 303.26g/mol) in 2.93g are:
2.93g ₓ (1mol / 303.26) = 9.66x10⁻³ moles PbSO₄ = Moles Pb²⁺.
As molar mass of Pb is 207.2g/mol, mass in 9.66x10⁻³ moles of Pb²⁺ is:
9.66x10⁻³ moles of Pb²⁺ ₓ (207.2g / mol) = 2.00g of Pb²⁺
As mass of the sample is 3.00g, mass of Sn²⁺ is 3.00g - 2.00g = 1.00g
And the percentage of Sn in the sample is:
1.00g / 3.00g ₓ 100 =
33.3% of Sn in the sampleA naturally occurring oil co-distills with water to produce an oil/water distillate that is 20% oil by weight. If the molecular weight of the oil 100 g/mol, what was the partial pressure of the oil during distillation assuming atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg
Answer:
Explanation:
Partial pressure of oil = mole fraction of oil x total pressure
mole fraction of oil = mole of oil / mole of water + mole of oil
= mole of oil = mass of oil / molecular weight of oil
= 20 / 100 = .2
mole of water = 80 / 18
= 4.444
mole fraction of oil = .2 / .2 + 4.444
= .2 / 4.644
Partial pressure of oil = mole fraction of oil x total pressure
= (.2 / 4.644 ) x 760 mm
= 32.73 mm Hg .
The basic function of a carburetor of an automobile is to atomize the gasoline and mix it with air to promote rapid combustion. As an example, assume that 30 cm3 of gasoline is atomized into N spherical droplets, each with a radius of 2.0 × 10−5 m. What is the total surface area of these N spherical droplets? Answer: [A] m2.
Answer:
The total surface area of these N spherical droplets is 4.4929 m²
Explanation:
From the information given :
assuming that :
30 cm³ of gasoline is atomized into N spherical droplets &
each with a radius of 2.0 × 10−5 m
We are tasked to determine the total surface area of these N spherical droplets
We all known that:
[tex]1 \ cm^3 = 10 ^{-6} m^3[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]30 \ cm^3 = 30 * 10 ^{-6} m^3 = 3 *1 0^{-5} \ m^3[/tex]
For each droplet; there is a required volume which is = [tex]\dfrac{4}{3} \pi r ^3[/tex] since it assumes a sphere shape .
Thus;
replacing radius(r) with 2.0 × 10−5 m; we have:
[tex]= \dfrac{4}{3} \pi * (2.0 *10^{-5} m) ^3[/tex]
= [tex]3.35 * 10^{-14} \ m^3[/tex]
However; there are [tex]3*10^{-5} \ m^3[/tex] gasoline atomized into N spherical droplets with each with radius 2.0 × 10−5 m
For N ; we have ;
[tex]=\dfrac{3*10^{-5} \ m^3}{3.35 * 10^{-14} \ m^3/ droplet}[/tex]
= [tex]8.95*10^8 \ droplet s[/tex]
So; each droplet have a surface area = [tex]4 \pi r^2[/tex]
= [tex]4 \pi (2.0*10^{-5}m) ^2[/tex]
= [tex]5.02*10^{-9} \ m^2/droplets[/tex]
The surface area per droplet is equivalent to [tex]5.02*10^{-9} \ m^2/droplets[/tex]
Thus;
The total surface area of these N spherical droplets will be :
= [tex]8.95*10^8 \ droplet s * 5.02*10^{-9} \ m^2/ droplets[/tex]
= 4.4929 m²
The total surface area of these N spherical droplets is 4.4929 m²
How many water molecules are in a block of ice containing 1.25 mol of water (H2O)
Answer:
Molecules = 7.5 × 10²³ molecules
Explanation:
Given:
Moles = 1.25 mol
Avogadro's No. = [tex]N_{A}[/tex] = 6.022 * 10²³
Required:
Molecules = ?
Formula:
Molecules = Moles × [tex]N_{A}[/tex]
Solution:
Molecules = 1.25 × 6.022 × 10²³
Molecules = 7.5 × 10²³ molecules
A silver cube with an edge length of 2.42 cm and a gold cube with an edge length of 2.75 cm are both heated to 85.4 ∘C and placed in 112.0 mL of water at 20.5 ∘C . What is the final temperature of the water when thermal equilibrium is reached?
Answer:
Explanation:
Volume of silver cube = 2.42³ = 14.17 cm³
mass of silver cube = volume x density
= 14.17 x 10.49 = 148.64 gm
Volume of gold cube = 2.75³ = 20.8 cm³
mass of gold cube = 20.8 x 19.3 = 401.44 gm
specific heat of silver and gold are .24 and .129 J /g°C
mass of 112 mL water = 112 g
Heat absorbed = heat lost = mass x specific heat x temperature fall or rise
Heat lost by metals
= 148.64 x .24 x ( 85.4 -T) + 401.44 x .129 x ( 85.4 - T )
= (35.67 + 51.78 ) x ( 85.4 - T )
87.45 x ( 85.4 - T )
= 7468.23 - 87.45 T
Heat gained by water
= 112 x 1 x ( T - 20.5 )
= 112 T - 2296
Heat lost = heat gained
7468.23 - 87.45 T = 112 T - 2296
199.45 T = 9764.23
T = 48.95° C
(a) How many stereoisomers are possible for 4-methyl-1,2-cyclohexanediol? ___ (b) Name the stereoisomers formed by oxidation of (S)-4-methylcyclohexene with osmium tetroxide. If there is only one stereoisomer formed, leave the second space blank. Isomer #1: Isomer #2: (c) Is the product formed in step (b) optically active? _____
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
For the first part of the question, we have to check the chiral carbons in 4-methyl-1,2-cyclohexanediol. In this case carbons, 1 and 2 are chiral, if we have 2 chiral carbons we will have 4 isomers. We have to remember that formula 2^n in which "n" is the number of chiral carbons, so:
2^n = 2^2 = 4 isomers
And the isomers that we can have are:
1) (1R,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol
2) (1S,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol
3) (1S,2S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol
4) (1S,2R)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol
See figure 1
For the second part of the question, we have to remember that the oxidation with [tex]OsO_4[/tex] is a syn addition. In other words, the "OHs" are added in the same plane. In this case, we have the methyl group with a wedge bond, so the "OH" groups will have a dashed bond due to the steric hindrance. Due to this we only can have 1 isomer ((1S,2R,4S)-4-methylcyclohexane-1,2-diol). Finally, on this molecule, we dont have any symmetry planes (this characteristic will cancel out the optical activity), so the product of this reaction has optical activity.
See figure 2
I hope it helps!
How are sodium (Na) and potassium (K) similar?
O
A. They rarely react.
B. They are hard metals.
O O
C. They are highly reactive.
D. They are soft nonmetals.
Answer:
They are also relatively soft metals: sodium and potassium can be cut with a butter knife.
Answer:A
Explanation:
Kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy are both forms of which type
of energy?
A. Internal energy
B. Mechanical energy
C. Potential energy
D. Thermal energy
Answer:
C. Potential energy
Explanation:
Kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy are both forms of potential energy. Potential energy is stored energy, when an object is not in motion it has stored energy. When an object is an motion it has kinetic energy. An object posses gravitational potential energy when it is above or below the zero height.
Explain with examples following characteristics of chemical reactions: a. Change of colour b. Evolution of gas c. Change of smell d. Change of state
Answer:
Explanation:
a. change of colour:
A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products. The products have different molecular structures than the reactants. Different atoms and molecules radiate different colours of light. Hence, there usually is a change in colour during a chemical reaction.
Eg: copper reactions with the elements
b. Evolution of gas:
A gas evolution reaction is a chemical reaction in which one of the end products is a gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide.
Eg: ammonium hydroxide breaks down to water and ammonia gas.
c. Change of smell :
Production of an Odor Some chemical changes produce new smells. ... The formation of gas bubbles is another indicator that a chemical change may have occured.
Eg: The chemical change that occurs when an egg is rotting produces the smell of sulfur.
d. Change of state:
A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, also called reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, known as products.
Eg: candle wax (solid) melts initially to produce molten wax (liquid)
plz mark as brainliest!!!!
What are the three types of combustion reactions
Answer:
Slow combustion
Spontaneous combustion
Explosive combustion
Explanation:
-Slow combustion reactions: Occurs at low temperatures. Cellular respiration is an example.
-Spontaneous combustion reactions: Occurs suddenly without an outside heat source. The heat source is the result of oxidation.
-Explosive combustion reactions: Involves an oxidizing agent.
hopefully this helped :3
Answer:
Three types are: Rapid Combustion, Complete Combustion, and Spontaneous Combustion.
Explanation:
Note: there are more types! This is just three random ones I picked to list. Hope this helps! :)
How many moles of carbon atoms are there in 0.500 mol of C2H6?
The number of moles of carbon atoms in 0.500 mol of ethane (C₂H₆) is equal to one mole.
What is a mole?A mole can be defined as a scientific unit that is utilized to calculate the quantities such as atoms, molecules, ions, or other particular particles. The mass of one mole of a given chemical element is atomic mass and that of 1 mole of a chemical compound is molar mass.
The number of entities found in one mole is equal to 6.023 × 10 ²³ which is known as Avogadro’s constant.
Given, the number of moles of C₂H₆ = 0.500 mole
One molecule of ethane has carbons = 2
One mole of ethane has moles of carbons = 2 moles
0.500 mol of ethane has moles of carbon atoms = 0.500×2 = 1 mol
Therefore, one mole of carbon atoms is present in 0.500 mol of ethane C₂H₆.
Learn more about the mole, here:
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If an electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 4.5 x 10^18 Hz, what is its wavelength? The speed of light is 3 x 108 m/s.
Answer:
Wavelength, λ = 6.7 x 10^-11 m
Explanation:
Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other.
In this problem;
f = 4.5 x 10^18 Hz
wavelength, λ = ?
Speed of light, c = 3 x 108 m/s.
These variables are related by the following equation;
c = λ * f
Making λ subject of focus, we have;
λ = c / f
λ = 3 x 10^8 / 4.5 x 10^18
λ = 0.67 x 10^-10
λ = 6.7 x 10^-11 m
A compound consisting of atoms of small atomic mass is more likely to require what
Answer:
a lower temperature to liquefy
Explanation:
Cual es la diferencia entre agua pesada y agua ligera a) el agua pesada contiene mas minerales que el agua ligera b) el agua ligera es liquida mientras el agua pesada es solida c) el agua ligera es agua purificada y el agua pesada es agua contaminada d) el agua pesada contiene mas elementos estearato de sodio
Answer:
d) El agua pesada contiene mas elementos
Explanation:
La diferencia fundamental entre el agua pesada y el agua ligera es que la primera tiene una proporción mayor de deuterio que la segunda. El deuterio es un ión del hidrógeno que tiene un peso atómico mayor que el hidrógeno común y corriente. Por ende, la opción D ofrece la mejor aproximación.
Answer:
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Explanation:ki
Identify the particle that must receive 2 electrons to acquire a charge of +1. a) K b) Fe2+ c) O2- d) Nee) Al3+ (URGENT) Needs to be done in 30 mins
Answer:
E) Al³⁺
Explanation:
A reaction involving a gain of electrons is known as a reduction reaction because the oxidation number of the species gaining the electron is reduced.
In the given question, the oxidation number (charge) of particle accepting two electrons will decrease by 2. From the given options;
A. K is a neutral atom with oxidation number of 0. If is accepts two electrons, its oxidation number becomes -2.
K + 2e⁻ ----> K⁻²
B) Fe²⁺ has a charge of +2. If it accepts two electrons, its charge comes 0.
Fe⁺ + 2e⁻ ----> Fe
C) O²⁻ has a charge of -2. if it accepts two electrons, it will have a charge of -4.
O²⁻ + 2e⁻ ----> O⁴⁻
D) Ne has a charge of zero. If it accepts two electrons, its charge becomes -2.
Ne + 2e⁻ ----> Ne²⁻
E) Al³⁺ has a charge of +3. If it gains two electrons, its charge becomes +1.
Al³⁺ + 2e⁻ ----> Al⁺
need this asap , help please
Answer:
Path A-B-D involves a catalyst and is slower than A-C-D
Explanation:
The diagram above illustrates both the catalyzed path and the uncatalyzed path of a chemical reaction.
The catalysed path is the path expressed with broken lines and the uncatalyzed path is the path expressed with thick small line as shown in the diagram above.
The catalyzed path has a higher activation energy than the uncatalyzed path.
Therefore, the catalyzed path will be slower that the uncatalyzed path because, the catalyzed path will require a higher energy to overcome the activation energy in order for the reaction to proceed to product.
On the other hand, the uncatalyzed path has a lower activation energy and a lesser amount of energy is needed to overcome it in order for the reaction to proceed to product.
Which element's neutral atoms will have the electron configuration
1s22s22p3s23p'?
a. boron
b. carbon
c. silicon
d. aluminum
Answer:
Alumunium
Explanation:
Alumunium = [Ne] 3s² 3p¹
Ne = [He]2s²2p⁶
He = 1s
Alumunium = 1s 2s²2p⁶3s² 3p¹
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A chemist dissolves 867. mg of pure barium hydroxide in enough water to make up 170. mL of solution. Calculate the pH of the solution. (The temperature of the solution is 25 degree C.) Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Answer: The pH of the solution is 11.2
Explanation:
Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of the solution.
[tex]Molarity=\frac{n\times 1000}{V_s}[/tex]
where,
n = moles of solute
[tex]V_s[/tex] = volume of solution in ml
moles of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] = [tex]\frac{\text {given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}=\frac{0.867g}{171g/mol}=0.00507mol[/tex] (1g=1000mg)
Now put all the given values in the formula of molality, we get
[tex]Molarity=\frac{0.00507\times 1000}{170}[/tex]
[tex]Molarity=0.0298[/tex]
pH or pOH is the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
pH is calculated by taking negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
[tex]pOH=-\log [OH^-][/tex]
[tex]Ba(OH)_2\rightarrow Ba^{2+}+2OH^{-}[/tex]
According to stoichiometry,
1 mole of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] gives 2 mole of [tex]OH^-[/tex]
Thus 0.0298 moles of [tex]Ba(OH)_2[/tex] gives =[tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 0.0298=0.0596[/tex] moles of [tex]OH^-[/tex]
Putting in the values:
[tex]pOH=-\log[0.0596]=2.82[/tex]
[tex]pH+pOH=14[/tex]
[tex]pH=14-2.82[/tex]
[tex]pH=11.2[/tex]
Thus the pH of the solution is 11.2
A solid white substance A is heated strongly in the absence of air. It decomposes to form a new white substance B and a gas C. The gas has exactly the same properties as the product obtained when carbon is burned in an excess of oxygen. Based on these observations, can we determine whether solids A and B and the gas C are elements or compounds?
Answer:
A, B and C are compounds
Explanation:
First of all, I need to establish that when carbon is burnt in excess oxygen, carbon dioxide is obtained as shown by this equation; C(s) + O2(g) ----> CO2(g).
Looking at the presentation in the question, A was said to be heated strongly and it decomposed to B and C. Only a compound can decompose when heated. Elements can not decompose on heating. Secondly, compounds usually decompose to give the same compounds that combined to form them. Compounds hardly decompose into their constituent elements.
Again from the information provided, the compound A is a white solid. This is likely to be CaCO3. It decomposes to give another white solid. This may be CaO and the gas was identified as CO2.
Hence;
CaCO3(s)--------> CaO(s) + CO2(g)
A gas contained in a steel tank has a volume of 1.5 L at a temperature of 390 K. What will be the volume when the temperature changes to 1470C? Group of answer choices
Answer:
1.5 L
Explanation:
If the gas is contained in a steel tank, the volume will remain constant when the temperature changes.
The volume will be 1.5 L.
why homoannular diene in uv spectrometry have higher wavlenth than hetroannular diene?
Answer:
Homoanular dienes have a greater base value than heteroanular dienes
Explanation:
Woodward in 1945 gave a set of rules relating the wavelength of maximum absorption to the structure of a compound. These rules were modified by Fieser in 1959. These sets of rules describe the absorption of organic molecules in the UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Each system of diene or triene has a given fixed value at which maximum absorption is expected to occur according to Woodward rules. This given fixed value is called the base or parent value. If the two double bonds are trans to each other, the diene is said to be transoid. If the two double bonds belong to different rings, the system is said to be heteroanular and the base value in each case is 215nm. If the double bonds are cis to each other (cisoid), or the two double bonds are in the same ring (homoanular), then the base value is 253nm.
Since λmax = base value + ∑ substituent contributions + ∑ other contributions, if the other contributions are not very significant, homoanular diene will have a greater λmax because of its larger base value compared to heteroanular diene. This correlates well with the fact that conjugated systems absorb at a longer wavelength.