if an orbital in the 2p subshell is completely filled before each orbital in the 2p subshell is partially filled, it is a violation of which rule?

The possible units for the reaction rate is mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹.

The rate of the reaction  given reaction is :

aA +bB ---> cC  +   dD

r = k[A][B]

  = -1/a Δ[A]/ Δt = -1/b Δ[B] / Δt = 1/c Δ[C] / Δt = 1/d Δ[C] / Δt

reaction rate = concentration / time

reaction rate unit is = concentration / time

concentration is moles per liter. therefore reaction rate unit is  mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹. The rate of the reaction or we can say that the reaction rate is the speed of the reaction at which reactants are converted into the products.

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Electron Pair Geometry determines the spatial arrangement of a molecule's bonds and lone pairs. The electron pairs repel each other whether or not they are in bond pairs or in lone pairs. Thus, electron spread themselves as far as possible to avoid repulsion.

What is electron pair geometry of NF3, H2O, NOBr and GeH4 ?

NF3 (Nitrogen trifluoride)

Electron pair geometry is tetrahedral

There is one lone pair. Geometry would be then pyramidal

NOBr (Nitrosyl Bromide)

Electron pair geometry is triangular planar

One lone pair then geometry will be bent or angular

H2O (water)

Electron pair geometry is Tetrahedral

Two lone pair then geometry will be bent or angular

GeH4 (Germanium Hydride)

Electron pair geometry is Tetrahedral

Zero lone pair then geometry will be Tetrahedral

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The amount of heat released or absorbed when a chemical reaction occurs at constant pressure is referred to as enthalpy change. An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction or physical change that produces heat. Heat is produced as a byproduct of the reaction.

(d) Around 560°C, the reaction becomes spontaneous. 13-36. The process entropy change: 2 H(g) H2(g) is -98.74 J/mol-K. The H2 molecule has an enthalpy of atom combination of 435 kJ/mol. As a result, this is a redox reaction. However, there is no change in the oxidation state of the reactants in the other reactions listed in the options. As a result, those are not redox reactions. The correct answer is option A, which is $H 2 + Br 2xrightarrow2HBr$.

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Of all the elements in the periodic table, nitrogen has one of the highest electronegative energies.

How do hydrogen bonds and electronegativity relate?

4 to 50 kJ per mole are the strengths of hydrogen bonds. As a result of the significant difference in electronegativity between the H atom and the N, O, or F atoms in molecules with N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds, the covalent connection between the H atom and these atoms is extremely polar (i.e., a bond dipole).

Electronegativity

Numerous techniques have been devised to quantitatively assess an element's tendency to gain or lose electrons since it is crucial to comprehend an element's chemistry to know whether it does so more frequently or less frequently. An element termed electronegativity is a component of the most crucial approach

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Time take for a 7.50-l sample of methane (ch4) to effuse under the same conditions is 2.84 min.

Effusion is defined as a loss of cloth throughout a boundary. A commonplace instance of effusion is the lack of gasoline interior of a balloon over the years. The fee at which gases will effuse from a balloon is stricken by a number of of things.

Calculation:-

t = 4 min

V = 7.5 L

rate O₂/rate CH₄ = √MCH₄/MO₂

(7.5 L/4) / (7.5/t) =  √16/32

t/4 = 0.71

t = 2.84 min

Effluxion of time is the expiration of a rent time period due to a herbal passing of time in place of from a selected motion or event. This phrase also can be used to indicate the realization or expiration of an settlement in easy writing when the realization or expiration takes place thru a natural direction of events.

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The pH of the given solution is 5.27.

In chemistry, pH, which was originally denoting as potential of hydrogen, refer to a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions are measured to have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions.

According to the given information,

pKa of acetic acid = 4.75

Concentration of acetic acid = 0.075m

Concentration of acetate salt = 0.25m

The pH of a simple acetate solution is given by:

pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)

Hence,

pH = 4.75 + log(0.25/0.075)

pH = 4.75 + 0.522

pH = 5.27

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The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction when aluminum nitrate and potassium iodide are mixed in aqueous solution is:-

The net ionic equation is : Al3+(aq)+3OH−(aq)→Al(OH)3(s)

What is net ionic equation?

The net ion equation must be balanced by both mass and charge. Mass balance means that the mass of each element is the same on the product and reactant sides. Charge balancing means ensuring that the total charge is equal on both sides of the equation.

Therefore, The balanced net ionic equation for the reaction when aluminum nitrate and potassium iodide are mixed in aqueous solution is:-

The net ionic equation is : Al3+(aq)+3OH−(aq)→Al(OH)3(s)

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Energy and energy transformation are depicted graphically and mathematically using energy flow diagrams, also known as energy flow charts. Primary energy used as unprocessed fuels to feed a system, energy supply, conversion or transformation, losses, and energy being used can all fall under this category.

When solid or liquid reactants produce gaseous byproducts, entropy increases. When liquid products are formed from solid reactants, entropy also rises. The environment emits heat, and the additional heat raises the entropy of the environment. There are more options for how to distribute the energy over the molecules when more energy is added to the environment. Thus, raising the temperature also raises the environment's entropy. Energy and energy transformation are depicted graphically and mathematically using energy flow diagrams, also known as energy flow charts. Primary energy used as unprocessed fuels to feed a system, energy supply, conversion or transformation, losses, and energy being used can all fall under this category.

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A fuel cell is a galvanic cell. In a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are bubbled through porous carbon electrodes into a concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Platinum or palladium metal that has been finely divided serves as the catalyst in this instance. at the anode. H2(g)+2OH−(aq)→2H2O(l)+2e−

The H2O2 fuel cell's basic structure consists of porous carbon electrodes with appropriate catalysts (typically finely divided platinum and palladium) integrated into them. As an electrolyte, concentrated KOH or NaOH is positioned between the electrodes.

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Transport via pipelines is only possible for specialist goods like liquids and gases.

Gas is a state of matter that lacks both a defined shape and volume. Compared to other states pf material, such as liquids and solids, gasses have a lower density. Particles, which have a great deal of kinetic energy but aren't very attracted to one another, are separated by a lot of free space.

The Earth's atmosphere is made up of approximately % ammonia, 21 percent oxygen, 0.93 % argon, 0.04 % carbon dioxide, and small traces of bright blue, helium, methane, krypton, ozone, and hydrogen in the form of water vapor, according to the educational website Vision Starting to learn (opens in new tab).

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Answer:

2.4 x 10^23 molecules

Explanation:

The Avogadro's Constant is equal to 6.022 x 10^23 for one mole of substance

1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23

so 0.4 mole = (0.4 x 6.022 x 10^23)/1 = 2.4 x 10^23 molecules

the direction of polarity of each of the covalent bonds by placing the appropriate delta notation next to each end of the bond.

a water molecule, a typical illustration of polarity. There are two charges: a negative charge in the center (red shade) and a positive charge on either side (blue shade).

A bond's polarity results from the respective electronegativities of the constituent parts. Remember that an element's ability to draw electrons to itself when it is a component of a compound is known as electronegativity.

Chemical bond are formed when two or more atoms in a compound's molecule come contact and are tightly bound together. Covalent and ionic bond are the two different kinds of chemical bonding.

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The Mass of ice is 69.12g.

What is mass?

It is a dimensionless quantity that expresses a particle or object's mass. The accepted unit of mass under the International System (SI) is the kilogram.

What is temperature?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles inside an object. The temperature increases cause these particles to move more quickly. It is possible to measure temperature using a thermometer or a calorimeter.

first calculate the amount of heat as follows;

q= mass of water C= (0°C-55°C)

=100.0g (4.186J/g°c) (-55°C)

=-23023J

Heat lost by water is gained by ice,

-q=m*ΔH

-23023J= m*333J/g

= 69.12g

Therefore, Mass of ice is 69.12g.

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According to the given statement Ksp for strontium arsenate is 9.98×·10⁻³

Arsenic is used in industry as an alloying agent in addition to being used to make glass, pigments, linens, cardboard, metal glue, wood preservatives, and ammunition. Arsenic is also used in several pesticides, feed additives, and pharmaceuticals, as well as in the tanning of skins.

Balanced chemical reaction (dissociation):

Sr₃(AsO₄)₂(s) → 3Sr²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(aq).

s(Sr₃(AsO₄)₂) = 0.0650 g/L.

s(Sr₃(AsO₄)₂) = 0.0500 g/L ÷ 540.7 g/mol = 9.24 mol/L.

s(Sr²⁺) = 3s(Sr₃(AsO₄)₂).

s(AsO₄³⁻) = 2s(Sr₃(AsO₄)₂).

Ksp = s(Sr²⁺)³ · s(AsO₄³⁻)².

Ksp = (3s)³ · (2s)².

Ksp = 108s⁵.

Ksp = 108 · (9.24 mol/L)⁵ = 9.98×·10⁻³

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The weight percent of vitamin c in a solution made by dissolving 2.60 g of vitamin c, c6h8o6 , in 55.0 g of water  4.51 %

The percent by weight can be expressed as:

Percentage weight = solute /solution × 100 %

Now we have that the mass of the solution is

Mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent

Mass of solution = 2.60g + 55.0g

Mass of Solution = 57.6g

Percentage weight  = 2.60/57.6  × 100 = 4.51 %

When one or more solutes are dissolved in a solvent, the result is a homogenous mixture known as a solution. a solvent is a substance that helps a solute dissolve so that a homogenous mixture results. When a substance dissolves in a solvent, it forms a homogenous mixture, which is known as a solute.

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In water, an element can dissolve that is least likely to be an ionic compound.

Ionic compounds typically form when metal and nonmetal elements are combined. For instance, the nonmetal chlorine (Cl) and metal calcium (Ca) combine to form the ionic compound calcium chloride.

Noble Gases are colorless gases with a very low reactivity. The noble gases are referred to as inert because they don't easily combine with other substances to form compounds. The noble gas family consists of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

Compound formation involving noble gases is extremely rare. They are incomprehensible gases that don't interact with other substances in their environment.

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The electron pair geometry for an ammonia molecule, NH₃ is tetrahedral.

According to VSPER theory :

for  NH₃ : number of electron pairs arre:

Number of electron pairs = 1 / 2 [ V + N  -C + A]

where V is number of valence electrons on central atom = 5

N = number of monovalent electron = 3

C = charge of cation = 0

A  = charge of anion = 0

number of electron pairs = 1 / 2 [ 5 + 3 ]

                                          = 4

The 4 electrons group are present out of which three are bonding groups and one present as lone pair of electron therefore the electron geometry is tetrahedral and the molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal.

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Atomic number of uranium is 92. Thus it contains 92 protons and 92 electrons. When it loses 92 protons the atom formed with 82 protons is lead (Pb).

Uranium is 92nd element in the periodic table. Uranium is an actinide thus classified into the f-block elements. It is a radioactive element and is very unstable.

Actinides such uranium undergo nuclear decay to form stable atoms. The number of electrons and number of protons will be equal in the neutral atom.

Uranium contains 92 protons, when 10 protons are removed it forms an atom with 82 protons. That is lead . Lead is the 82nd element n periodic table.

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The chemical created determines the oxidation state of sulfur. Sulphur can widen its valances because it has an empty d orbital because of its larger size. As a result, it displays oxidation states of 2, 2, 4, and 6, respectively.

The sulfur atom's oxidation number drops from 0 to -2. The following are the guidelines for determining oxidation numbers: Ions have an oxidation number of 4, while elements have an oxidation number of 5, more electronegative elements have an oxidation number of 6, and less electronegative elements have an oxidation number of 7.

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At the end of pyruvate pathway two carbon dioxide molecules, electrons, and one ATP molecule are produced as products.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, and then it is  converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) through gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine, and it can be converted into ethanol.

Pyruvic acid supplies energy to the  living cells through the citric acid cycle also known as the Krebs cycle, that is when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration); when oxygen is lacking, it generally ferments to produce lactic acid. Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the anaerobic metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis.

One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy in one of two ways. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl- coenzyme A, which is the main input for a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle. Pyruvate is also converted to oxaloacetate by an antipleuritic reaction, which replenishes Krebs cycle intermediates; also, oxaloacetate is used for gluconeogenesis.

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No, the strength of the bonds between the individual molecules did not determine the strength of the intermolecular interactions.

Intermolecular forces are those that exist between molecules. It differs from an intra-molecular force, or the compel which exists within a molecule, because of this. A force within a molecule would therefore resemble an covalent bond. Intermolecular force is the name for the force that exists between molecules.

Intermolecular forces come in five flavors: ion-induced dipole forces, directional antenna dipole forces, induced dipole forces, and dipole-dipole forces. Ions or polar (dipole) molecules are held together by ion-dipole forces. Molecules are connected via intermolecular bonds. The Van der Waals energies are another name for them.

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1. The number of electrons in the atom is 3.

The atom is not stable because the proton and neutron ratio is greater than 1.5

2. The gas produced is considered evidence that a chemical reaction occurred because it is a new product.

3. The graduated cylinder measures the volume of water, the electronic balance measures the mass of water, and the density of water is obtained from the ratio of the mass and volume of water measured.

Protons are the sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus of atoms that are positively charged. The proton number is equal to the electron in neutral atoms.

Neutrons are the sub-atomic particles found in the nucleus of atoms that are neutral or possess no charge.

The ratio of the protons and neutrons given stability to the atom of its is is not greater than 1.5

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According to the chemical reaction is CaH2(s)+2H20(l). Ca (OH)2+2H2(g). Now, according to the ideal gas equation n=PV/RT=0.48. According to stoichiometry=½*0.48= 0.23 moles. So that the mass of CaH2= moles*molar mass= 0.24mol*42g/mol= 10.2g is the final answer.

PV = nRT is the equation for an ideal gas. In this equation, P stands for the ideal gas's pressure, V for the ideal gas' volume, n for the total amount of the ideal gas expressed in moles, R for the universal gas constant, and T for temperature.

The greatest amount of product that can be produced is determined by the stoichiometry of a balanced chemical equation. The relative amounts of reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation are described by a reaction's stoichiometry. You can see from the coefficients that 2 moles of CO2 are created for every 1 mole of C6H12O6. Using this proportion.

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Mass of ice is 125.7 g

q = mass of water C water (0 - 100 degree C)

q = 100 g (4.186 j/g degree c)(-100)

q = -41860J

Heat l0st by water is gained by ice

-q = m × Δh

-(-41860) = m × 333j / g

mass of ice = 125.7 g

The quantity of matter in a sample is represented by the attribute of mass. Grams (g) and kilograms are typically used to report mass (kg).

Another way to think of mass as the characteristic that gives matter its ability to resist acceleration is as a property. Acceleration is more difficult for objects with more mass.

Weight vs. Mass

Although the terms mass and weight are not interchangeable, an object's weight depends on its mass. W is weight, m is mass, and g is the acceleration of gravity, which on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s2. Weight is the force that a gravitational field exerts on mass. Therefore, the units of kgm/s2 or Newtons are used to report weight in a suitable manner (N). However, because the Earth is a sphere,

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The reaction depicted in option D would not occur.

We know that a chemical reaction has to do with the interaction between species that are combined in a system. As the interaction is taking place, there would be a rearrangement of the atoms of the substance and a recombination of the atoms so as to obtain the products.

We can see that the kind of reaction that we are have here is a single replacement reaction. This implies that one of the species is replaced by the specie with which it reacts.

This is only possible if it is reactaing with a specie that is higher than it in the electrochemical series of the elements. The reaction in option D would not occur because the bromine is less than the chlorine in the electrochemical series.

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HCN(aq)+H2O⇋CN−(aq)+H3O+(aq)

This is the weak acid HCN's acid dissociation equilibrium.

A compound that creates salts when it combines with specific metals and releases hydrogen ions into water. Certain dyes are given a scarlet hue and a sour flavour by acids. Acids generated by the body, such stomach acid, can assist organ function. One type of acid is hydrochloric acid.

Organic acids and inorganic acids are the two different types of acids. Mineral acids are another name for inorganic acids.The strength of organic acids is often lower than that of inorganic acids. Although inorganic acids don't include carbon, organic acids do, which is the major distinction between the two.

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The molecular compound name for hydrazine, N₂H₄ is dinitrogen tetrahydride.

Hydrazine, N₂H₄ is an inorganic compound which is also known as diamine or dinitrogen tetrahydride. It is named so because it consists of two nitrogen and four hydride atoms. It is a flammable liquid with a strong pungent smell like ammonia. It also acts as a strong base.

Some uses of hydrazine are:

Thus,  option C, dinitrogen tetrahydride is the correct answer.

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1.38*10⁻¹⁶ Nm⁻² is the pressure in a region of outer space where there is 2 molecule/cm3 and the temperature is 5 k

By pressing a knife on some fruit, one can get a straightforward illustration of tension. The surface will not be sliced if you press the flat section of the blade against the berry. The force is dispersed over a broad radius (low pressure).

P = nKT/V

  = 2*1.38*10⁻²³*5/10⁻⁶

  = 1.38*10⁻¹⁶ Nm⁻²

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A premise drawn from some evidence is known as a hypothesis. This is the starting step of any study that converts the research questions into predictions, including protons and electron carriers.

Inorganic electron acceptor, inorganic electron donor, and transport proteins and molecules are also included. Variables, the population, and how the variables are related are all included as components. Any hypothesis that is put to the test in order to determine how two or more variables relate to one another is called a research hypothesis. Unchangeable and negatively charged, an electron is a part of an atom. Aside from the atom nucleus, electrons surround it. The mass of an electron is extremely small compared to that of a neutron or proton, and it carries one unit of negative charge (1.602 x 10 -19 coulomb).

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The pressure exerted by the gas is 210.417 atm at 11°C.

It is given that the number of moles is 32.5 and this occupies a volume of 36.5L at 11°C which is 284K. To find the pressure of the gas, the following formula is used:

PV = nRT

By rearranging the formula we get pressure as,

P = (nRT)/V

Here, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant which is given as 8.314, T is the temperature in Kelvin and V is the volume in liters. By substituting all the values into the formula we get,

P = (32.5x8.314x284)/36.5L

P = 76738.22/36.5

P = 210.41699atm

This value could be approximated as 210.417atm

Therefore, the amount of pressure exerted by the gas of 32.5 moles of 36.5L at 11°C is 210.417 atm.

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