Translation will continue, but it is likely that a nonfunctional or aberrant protein will be made as a result of this effect.
Mutation is described as the alteration in the genetic sequence caused by varying effects. Diseases and exposure to dangerous materials or elements (like x-rays) can cause mutation.
However, when alteration in a genetic sequence is effected such that the splicing that occurs prior to mRNA translation, does not remove a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule (which does not code for protein), and this will disrupt the gene sequence. Although, translation will continue, but the protein synthesised will be a nonfunctional or abnormal one.
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Which habitats are the most common on you neighboorhood? Why do you think this is so?
What difference would it make if the southern sea otter (Core Case Study) became extinct primarily because of human activities?
In three to five sentences, describe the advantages and disadvantages of these maps in modeling mitosis. I will give brainliest to best answer
Introduction
In order for organisms to grow, cells have two options: they must either replicate themselves to create more cells, or the cells themselves must expand in volume. In humans, tissues such as the skin and blood contain cells that are actively dividing, whilst other tissues such as fat contain cells that expand (good if you need energy for winter, bad if you are trying to fit into some expensive jeans). Other cells, such as neurons, will never divide again once they are terminally differentiated; they are post-mitotic.
In the process of replicating themselves, cells have another choice: do they want to make an identical copy and be left with two cells? Or do they want to make four “half-copies”, in preparation for sexual reproduction, where their genetic content will be made whole again by the process of fertilisation? This choice is the choice between mitosis and meiosis.
Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis
This article will explore the characteristics of both kinds of cell division, shining a light on how they are similar and in which aspects they are crucially distinct. We will also explore the research into these processes and how cell division might go awry to cause disease states such as cancer and Down’s Syndrome.
Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Overview and commonly asked questions
Mitosis
Meiosis
What is the purpose of this process?
In a unicellular organism, the purpose of mitosis is to proliferate asa species. In a multicellular organism, the purpose can be to grow during development, or to repair or regenerate
adamaged tissue, for example.
To create gametes with only one copy of the organism’s genetic information, in preparation for sexual reproduction. Various steps in meiosis create opportunity for genetic diversity in the daughter cells. This is the raw substrate for evolution.
What is the outcome of this process?
Two diploid cells with identical genetic information.
Four haploid cells with different genetic information.
Which organisms perform this process?
Mitosis is performed by unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Bacteria have their own version of mitosis called “binary fission”.This is distinct from meiosis as bacteria typically have one circular chromosome,which is not contained within a nucleus, like eukaryotic chromosomes.
Only organisms which perform sexual reproduction. Archaeaand bacteria do not do this, so it might be tempting to think that unicellularorganisms do not sexually reproduce. However, there are exceptions; buddingyeast will form haploid spores under nutritional deprivation.
How long does this process take?
Mitosis is usually shorter than meiosis. The process can take over 10 hours for mammalian cells in culture [2], budding yeast can take ~80 minutes to complete a cell cycle [3], whilst bacteria can divide every 20 minutes.
Meiosis has various timescales in different organisms, which can be affected by several factors including temperature and environment of the organism, and the amount of nuclear DNA. The process lasts 6 hours in yeast but can last more than 40 years in human females, due to a developmental hold at prophase I, until ovulation. Other examples are 1-2 days in male fruit flies and ~ 24 days in human males. [1]
What is an example of a disease caused by an error in this process?
Uncontrolled mitosis occurs in cancer, where either genes that stop cell division (tumour suppressors) are switched off, or genes that encourage cell division (oncogenes) are overactive.
Errors in meiosis can lead to the wrong number of chromosomes ending up in germ cells, this is called aneuploidy. This can trigger miscarriage, but is occasionally tolerated. One example is Down’s syndrome, caused by trisomy 21. Another example is Klinefelter syndrome, where XY males have an additional X chromosome.
Summary
Meiosis and mitosis both have a prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
In meiosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase occur twice. The first round of division is special, but the second round is more like mitosis.
In mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase occur once.
Prophase
Chromosomes condense and the centrosomes begin to form an early spindle.
Meiotic prophase I is much longer that mitotic prophase.
During prophase I homologous chromosomes make contacts with each other called chiasmata and “crossing over” occurs. This is where chromosomes exchange sections of DNA. This is important for generating genetic diversity but is also crucial mechanically to hold homologous chromosomes together.
Mitotic prophase is much shorter that meiotic prophase I.
There is no crossing over in mitosis.
(Im a really fast typer)
Answer:
Cells have to do a few things, first they either have to replicate themselves, or they must expand. In our human bodies our cells do both. Replicating when we break skin, and expanding for the winter. Some cells never divide though. But cells also have to choose is they will make identical copies, or 4 half copies. Half copies have a sexual re-productions. And this is the choice of mitosis and meiosis.
Explanation:
I just made a quick summery of the long essay above, I'm not sure if it's totally correct, but I hope it helps!
Help!!
How did reduced methane concentrations in the atmosphere affect Earth?
Earth warmed.
Earth cooled.
Volcanic activity decreased.
Volcanic activity increased.
Answer:
Earth cooled
Explanation:
Here are all the answers for that quick check:
1. Which option orders the events chronologically, from earliest to latest.
Answer: Single-celled organisms increase atmospheric methane concentrations. Photosynthesizing bacteria release oxygen into the sea. Oxygen concentrations increase in the atmosphere. Many new animal species evolve.
2. Which forms of life were dominant in the Mesozoic era?
Answer: Reptiles
3. How did the success of photosynthetic bacteria change Earth’s atmosphere?
Answer: increased oxygen concentration
4. How did reduced methane concentrations in the atmosphere affect Earth?
Answer: Earth cooled.
5. Which characteristic defines the Paleozoic era?
Answer: Animals with shells and hard parts were dominant for the first time.
You're welcome.
Answer:
Earth cooled.
Explanation:
The reduced methane concentrations in the atmosphere affect Earth :
Particles of gas and dust released into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption affect the climate. Most of the particles emitted by the volcano cool the planet by blocking incoming solar radiation. The cooling effect can last from months to years, depending on the nature of the eruption.Therefore, the Earth is cooled.
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Question 1: One of the central themes in biology is how DNA, RNA, and proteins are related. Describe how genetic information flows between those types of molecules. Include the results of the processes of transcription and translation? ( Will Mark Brainliest if answered correctly. Do Not Repost Someone Else's Answer that is already on Brainly or any other websites please).
Answer:
it flows by the centeral dogma
Answer:
Explanation:
DNA →RNA→ Protein
in the nucleus protein synthesis is copied from DNA onto mRNA thru transcription
messenger mRNA leaves nucleus & goes to cytoplasm attaching to ribosome.
tRNA (transfer RNA) decodes & translate info on the attached mRNA via translation &
gets amino acids corresponding to this information from the pool of free amino acids in the cytoplasm, and brings them to the ribosome where they are joined together into a chain and thus the protein is formed
Name at least three hormones which are used commercially and list why they are used.
Answer:
Auxins, Ethene and Cytopkinins
Explanation:
Auxins used in commercial fo Crop production.
Ethene used in commercial to fruit to ripen.
Cytokinins used in commercial to reduce yellowing in green vegetables.
Auxins are utilized in the commercial production of crops. Ethene is a commercial fruit ripening agent. Cytokinins are used commercially to stop green crops from turning yellow.
What are plant hormones?
Almost every element of plant growth and reaction to its environment is regulated by plant hormones. Numerous plant hormones play important roles in the interactions between plants and helpful microorganisms because they are active at extremely low concentrations and have precise spatial control of synthesis and response.
The "The Role of Plant Hormones in Plant-Microbe Symbioses" special issue offers fresh information on the functions of hormones produced from both the plant and the microbial partner in symbiosis establishment and communication. This includes the close symbioses that the majority of terrestrial plants have with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as well as the more recently acquired nodulation—symbioses between a select group of plants in the fabid clade and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
The articles in this special issue also look at how hormones affect how plants interact with ectomycorrhizae, endophytic bacteria, and fungi, and helpful microorganisms that stick to the surfaces of the leaves and roots. Many hormones can interact with one another in addition to acting directly to regulate the growth of these symbioses, and these intricate networks are just beginning to emerge.
Therefore, various plant hormones are used commercially.
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Why do most food chains only two, three or rarely ,four consumers after the green plant producer?
Answer:
It is rare to find food chains that have more than four or five links because the loss of energy limits the length of food chains. At each trophic level, most of the energy is lost through biological processes such as respiration or finding food
Explanation:
Answer:
Because so much energy is lost to life processes.
Explanation:
As you progress through each trophic, each organism on that level loses energy gained from the previous trophic. This is due to losing energy through wasted material (e.g. bones) and to life processes, 7 of which can be remembered by MRS GREN:
M ovement
R espiration
S ensitivity
G rowth
R eproduction
E xcretion
N utrition
This means that each time, energy is wasted and lost from the food chain. More than four trophics would result in so much energy being lost from the initial trophic (producer), that it would be largely pointless!
1. Observe: Look through the descriptions of the large and small organs. A. Which of the large
organs allow nutrients and water to pass through their walls
Answer:
The small intestine and large intestine
Explanation:
The small and large intestines were designed to allow nutrients to pass through their walls.
For hypertrophy to occur in skeletal muscle fibers, which subcellular changes must be seen in a muscle cell?
Answer: at here is selective hypertrophy of type 1 fibers
I think is has something to do with enhancing the strength within the muscle by increasing the number of contractile myofibrils
What is extinction?
What are the causes of the extinction of animals?
How the extinction of animals It can be fixed?
Answer:
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. ... A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with little to no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years.
Explanation:
# CAUSES OF ANIMAL EXTINCTION
Demographic and genetic phenomena.
Destruction of wild habitats.
Introduction of invasive species.
Climate change.
Hunting and illegal trafficking.
# Basic causes of extinction are as follows
2. Excessive hunting and killing of wild animals.
3. Poaching for purpose of meat, skin, fur, ivory, and rhino horns etc.
4. Capture and export of new species in large number.
5. Introduction of exotic species.
6. Excessive use of pesticides, fungicides, and other toxic chemicals.
7. Conversion of fertile land in the desert by overgrazing of domestic animals.
8. Deforestation leading to loss of covers or shelter to wild animals.
9. Excessive use of plant wood for timber, charcoal or fire purpose.
Why are invasive species a problem for ecosystems?
They greatly disrupt existing food webs.
They introduce a new species to the region.
Most ecosystems support only a few different species.
Invasive species rarely survive in new ecosystems.
Answer:
A) they greatly disrupt existing food webs.
Explanation:
Invasive species change the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources.
Answer:
Option 1: They greatly disrupt existing food webs.
Explanation:
Invasive species: As the name suggests, any organism which is not native to the habitat and disrupts the growth of the existing ecosystem where it invades or is introduced are called invasive species.Examples of invasive species: Red Lionfish, Green Iguana, Longhorn Beetle.Characteristics of invasive species:High tolerance to an adverse environment,Rapid reproductive rate.Enhanced adaptability.Increased dispersal ability.Invasive species have the ability to cause extinction or threat to the native plants and animals. They can also cause destruction to the natural resources found in the place. Harming economic and ecological growth.For more information:
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Difference between chemiosmosis and substrate level phosphorylation?
Answer:
The main difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation is that substrate level phosphorylation is a direct phosphorylation of ADP with a phosphate group by using the energy obtained from a coupled reaction whereas oxidative phosphorylation is the production of ATP from the oxidized .Answer:
The main difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation is that substrate level phosphorylation is a direct phosphorylation of ADP with a phosphate group by using the energy obtained from a coupled reaction whereas oxidative phosphorylation is the production of ATP from the oxidized ...
Explanation:
I hope I've helped
state three uses in a plant of the carboydrate produced in photosynthesis
Answer:
Organisms use carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis by oxidizing them to produce energy for respiration. - The glucose produced in green plants is directly utilized for respiration and other activities, while the excess is stored in the form of starch.
What happens in your body if you are exposed to a virus for which you have
been vaccinated?
A. The altered virus recognizes the natural version of the virus and
destroys it.
B. Because the vaccination remains in your body, the altered virus outcompetes the natural version and you do not get sick.
C. The nonspecific immune response recognizes the invading virus and prevents it from entering the body.
D. Memory cells that develop in response to the vaccine recognize
the invading virus and respond quickly to destroy it.
Answer:
Explanation: A
helppppp mee now asap wright a good explaination plsss if you cant then dont help
Answer:
Jupiter would be the tennis ball.
Explanation:
Jupiter has a diameter of about 88,695 miles (142,800 kilometers) which is more than 11 times the diameter of Earth. It's volume is over 1,300 times the volume of Earth. This means that Jupiter is so big that over 1,300 Earths could fit inside of it.
Answer:
jupiter is the tennis ball
Explanation:
since jupiter's radius is 43,441 mi plus, Jupiter is 11 times wider than Earth. If Earth were the size of a nickel, Jupiter would be about as big as a basketball.
Which actions are involved in the immune response?
regulating hormonal and autonomous responses
identifying and destroying harmful substances
increasing and supporting the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen
regulating and adjusting the skin's secretion of sweat and oil
Identifying and destroying harmful substances are the actions that are involved in the immune response. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is the Immune response?The immune response may be defined as the way by which the body of an individual defends itself against some foreign or harmful substances.
The immune system of the body always defends the body of an organism by inducing several responses against foreign or harmful substances and finally eliminates them.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.
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what are the decomposable mean
Answer:
To become broken down into components; disintegrate. 2. To decay; rot or putrefy. See Synonyms at decay.
Explanation:
there
Hey, I need help with this question:
Answer:
A) Phylogenetic species concept.
Explanation:
Phylogenetic species concept defines a species as a group of organisms that shares a common ancestors and can be distinguished from other that do not share that ancestor.
Please Help!
Q. Explain the purpose of DNA and RNA.
Answer:
DNA is the structure that defines your genetic characteristics while RNA are proteinous substances that act as messengers to carry information to and from the nucleus of the cells.
When did Lincoln declare that Thanksgiving would be celebrated on the last Thursday of November?
help now asap plssssss ols dont answer if you dont know
Answer:
Image 1
Hope this helps, have a nice day/night! :D
What does the earliest terrestrial evidence for the Hadean tell us about the
conditions on Earth?
Answer:
Although no one knows when the first outer crust of the planet formed, some scientists believe that the existence of a few grains of zircon dated to about 4.4 billion years ago confirm the presence of stable continents, liquid water, and surface temperatures that were probably less than 100 °C (212 °F).
Which of the following correctly describes one way that cellular respiration contributes to the carbon cycle?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
Cellular respiration breaks down carbon-based molecules and releases oxygen into the atmosphere.
(Choice B)
B
Cellular respiration takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and uses it to make carbon-based molecules that are stored as biomass.
(Choice C)
C
Cellular respiration helps move carbon from the bodies of living organisms into the atmosphere.
Answer:
Choice A
Explanation:
Recall that trees release oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. And you need oxygen to breathe. Do you know why? So your cells can perform cellular respiration and make ATP.
Cellular respiration contributes to the carbon cycle as cellular respiration helps move carbon from the bodies of living organisms into the atmosphere.
How does cellular respiration contribute to the carbon cycle?
During cellular respiration, organic molecules are broken down using oxygen molecule and carbon dioxide is released into environment.
This carbon dioxide is used by plants during photosynthesis and they synthesize organic matter.
This is how respiration contributes to carbon cycle.
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What are the two reasons why viruses have such small genomes. (Select both correct options) Viruses have fewer genes than living organisms. Increased selection for multiple chromosomes in viruses Viruses utilize a variety of genetic material for their genome Viruses have very little non-coding DNA
Answer:
WITHDRAWN
The publisher has withdrawn permission for online, public display of this title via the NLM Literature Archive. For additional information, please contact the publisher.
Two reasons for which viruses have such small genomes include 'viruses have fewer genes than living organisms' and 'viruses have very little non-coding DNA'.
What is the genome?The genome is all the genetic material present in the cells (either somatic or geminal cells) of an organism.
In eukaryotic organisms, the genome is big because it contains many genes required to synthesize different cellular components.Moreover, the eukaryotic genome also contains many non-coding regions, which are laking in smaller simpler genomes.In conclusion, two reasons for which viruses have such small genomes include 'viruses have fewer genes than living organisms' and 'viruses have very little non-coding DNA'.
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is having glasses a acquired trait or is it inherited
Answer: It can be both but it is mainly an inherited trait but environmental things can make your eye sight worse or better which can end up being an acquired, but like I said its more so an inherited trait.
Explanation:
Drag the correct RNA bases to their matching DNA bases.
Answer:
DNA and RNA bases are also held together by chemical bonds and have specific base pairing rules. In DNA/RNA base pairing, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).Select all that apply: Which of the following is NOT a location for a synovial joint
A. structures of the skull
B. Ankle joints
C. Finger joints
D. Rib joints
help now asap plssssss ols dont answer if you dont know
Answer:
telescope
Explanation:
Answer:
Optical Telescopes , Radio Telescopes , Spectroscopes , Star Charts
Explanation:
a
What organelle in a plant is chlorophyll found
in?
Answer:
Chloroplasts in the Leaf
Multisensory learning increases the ability to identify creative solutions by what percent?
ONLY ANSWER FROM THE ANSWER CHOICES!
double
fifty percent
seventy-five percent
seventy-five times
Multisensory learning is able to double the ability to identify creative solutions.
What is Multisensory learning ?The term multisensory learning has to do with the involvement of more than one sense organ in the learning process. In this case, a person can be able to learn by the use of various sense organs at once.
It has been shown that Multisensory learning is able to double the ability to identify creative solutions.
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