Answer:
Skin contains tightly packed cells.Skin is tough, flexible, and waterproof.You cough when a pathogen enters your mouth.You sneeze when a pathogen enters your nose.Explanation:
The physical barriers of the immune system prevent infections since they stop or expel any pathogen that enters the body. The skin with its cells tightly packed and characteristics, the endothelia, and mucous membrane, like the one in our nose, are physical barriers. They stop antigens from infecting our body since they can remove them by sneezing, coughing, or shedding.
Answer:
skin contains tightly packed cells
skin is tough, flexible, and waterproof
you cough when a pathogen enters your mouth
you sneeze when a pathogen enters your nose
Explanation:
What domain is eubacteria found in?
[tex]{\boxed{\mathcal{\red{AnSwEr:}}}}[/tex]
[tex]\sf\purple{Domain \:Bacteria.}[/tex]✔
The Eubacteria are found in the domain Bacteria.Eubacteria means [tex]\sf\pink{true\:bacteria}[/tex], it is unicellular, lacks a proper nucleus and is a prokaryote.[tex]\circ \: \: { \underline{ \boxed{ \sf{ \color{green}{Happy\:learning.}}}}}∘[/tex]
In fruit flies, the phenotype for eye color is determined by a certain locus. E indicates the dominant allele and e indicates the recessive allele. The cross between a male wild-type fruit fly and a female white-eyed fruit fly produced the following offspring.
Wild Type Male Wild Type Female White-eyed Male White-eyed Female Brown-eyed Female
F1 Generation 0 45 55 0 1
The wild-type and white-eyed individuals from the F1 generation were then crossed to produce the following offspring.
Wild Type Male Wild Type Female White-eyed Male White-eyed Female Brown-eyed Female
F2 Generation 23 31 22 24 0
Required:
a. Determine the genotypes of the original parents (P generation) and explain your reasoning.
b. Use a Chi-squared test on the F2 generation data to analyze your prediction of the parental genotypes.
Answer:
The genotypes of the original parents are
Male: X⁺Y Female: X⁻X⁻The Chi-square analysis leads us to accept the prediction of the parental genotypes.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
(a) The genotypes for the original parents (P generation) are
Male: X⁺Y
Female: X⁻X⁻
(b) The prediction of the parental genotype is accepted by the Chi-squared test analysis.
What is the eye color pattern in fruit flies?Drosophila Melanogaster is a fruit fly with abnormally big, brightly colored eyes.
The range in color from red to sepia to white reveals a lot about the genetic makeup of the fly.
(a) E = + ⇒ Dominant allele coding for wild-type eyes
e = - ⇒ Recessive allele coding for white eyes
Now, Crossing the : male wild-type with a female white-eyed
(Parental) = X⁺Y x X⁻X⁻
(Phenotype) = wild white
(Gametes) = X⁺ Y X⁻ X⁻
(Punnett square) = X⁺ Y
X⁻ = X⁺X⁻ X⁻Y
X⁻ = X⁺X⁻ X⁻Y
In (F1)generation = 2/4 = 1/2 = 50% of the progeny are expected to be wild-type females.
And 2/4 = 1/2 = 50% of the progeny are expected to be white-eyed males.
Thus, the percentages are almost 50:50, as the expected ones.
So, the genotypes of the original parents are
Male: X⁺Y
Female: X⁻X⁻
(b) Using Chi-squared test :
Observed fruit fly type:
Wild Type Male - 25
Wild Type Female - 31
White-eyed Male - 22
White-eyed Female - 24
Expected fruit fly type:
Wild Type Male - 25
Wild Type Female - 25
White-eyed Male - 25
White-eyed Female - 25
Now, chi square [tex]= \sum\dfrac{(O- E)^2 }{E}[/tex]
By putting numbers in the formula, we are getting
Wild Type Male - 0.16
Wild Type Female - 1.44
White-eyed Male - 0.36
White-eyed Female - 0.04
Now, X² = 0.16 + 1.44 + 0.36 + 0.04 = 2
Critical value = 7.82
X² (2) < critical value (7.82)
Thus, this is the evidence to accept the given hypothesis.
Learn more about fruit flies here:
https://brainly.com/question/7274152
in the fermentation experiment using yeast with the different sugars what was the dependent variable
Answer:
The dependent variable is fermentation rate.
Explanation:
When finding dependent variable phrase it like this:
______ depends on _____.
Where the first blank is the dependent variable and the second blank is the independent variable. For example, if I were to test the effects of pH on an enzyme, I would say the function of the enzyme depends on the pH level. This makes the function of the enzyme the dependent variable. In this case, fermentation rate depends on the different sugars. Hope this helps!
Most of the solar radiation absorbed by Earth's surface is later radiated back into space as to which type of electromagnetic radiation?"
Answer:
The sun's visible wavelengths of radiation pass easily through the atmosphere and reach Earth. Approximately 51% of this sunlight is absorbed at Earth's surface by the land, water, and vegetation. Some of this energy is emitted back from the Earth's surface in the form of infrared radiation
Explanation:
main component of protein
Answer: April Cashin-Garbutt, MA, reviewed it (Cantab) Collagen is a protein composed up of amino acids, which are carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen molecules. Glycine, Proline, Hydroxyproline, and Arginine are among the amino acids found in collagen. Collagen makes up around a third of the proteins in the human body.
Explanation:
knowledge!
Which of the following cells do not have specialized tasks in an organism? 1.) prokaryotic cells 2.) eukaryotic cells 3.) animal cells 4.) plant cells
Answer:
A. Prokaryotic cells
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells don't have organelles
Goats and sheep belong to the same family but different genera. While they often live together in the same pastures, the hybrid offspring that are occasionally produced between the two species rarely survive. When such a hybrid does survive, it is usually sterile. Which of the following best explains the mechanism that maintains reproductive isolation between goats and sheep?
a. Gene flow is prevented because the two species belong to different trophic levels and therefore do not share a food source.
b. Habitat isolation creates a prezygotic barrier between the two species.
c. The males of one species and the females of the other species are fertile at different times.
d. The two species have a different number of chromosomes, resulting in a postzygotic barrier.
Answer:
d. The two species have a different number of chromosomes, resulting in a postzygotic barrier.
Explanation:
The two species i.e. sheep and goat have different number of chromosomes that resulting in a postzygotic barrier. Sheep has 56 number of chromosomes whereas goat has 60 number of chromosomes that causes postzygotic barrier in the offspring produced from the fusion of these two species. Postzygotic barrier leads to the creation of a hybrid that is sterile and unable to produce offspring because of difference in chromosome number.
Which micro-nutrient is NOT manufactured by living things?
A) Vitamins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Minerals
D) Fats
Answer:
Minerals is the micro-nutrient is not manufactured by living things
Which statement discusses the gland(s) and hormone(s) that are most involved in regulating a fight-or-flight response? The pancreas produces insulin. The adrenal glands produce epinephrine. The ovaries produce estrogens. The parathyroids produce parathyroid hormone.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Scientists have discovered a new marine bacterial species called Vibrio nuigii. They have isolated ten strains of this bacterium and determined their whole genome sequences. Only one of the strains (which the scientists named Vir1) is virulent and causes disease in oysters. Describe three ways in which the scientists could use their knowledge of the bacterial genome sequences to identify the genes responsible for virulence.
Answer:
1-by transfecting small interfering RNAs against target genes of interest
2-by using comparative genomics strategies in order to infer functional relationships among target genes of interest and homologous genes responsible for virulence in other bacteria (e.g., antibiotic resistance genes)
3- by inducing mutations through site-directed mutagenesis in order to study gene function (i.e., by examining the effects of knockout mutations)
Explanation:
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), also known as complete genome sequencing, refers to Next Generation Sequencing technologies that allow the obtention of the entire genetic sequence of an organism/cell, which can be used as a reference genome to understand gene function, evolutionary relationships, etc. The information provided by WGS technologies allows making many different types of genetic analyses in order to understand gene function. First, the nucleotide reference sequence can be used to design complementary small interfering RNAs that trigger degradation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, thereby inhibiting gene function (in this case, inhibiting genes associated with virulence in the bacterial strain). Second, a reference genome is required to perform bioinformatic data analyses in order to identify homologous genes associated with virulence in evolutionarily related bacteria, allowing identify, for example, antibiotic resistance genes or sequence polymorphisms (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) associated with gene function. Third, the information provided by a reference genome can also be used to trigger site-directed mutagenesis (for example, by using the highly precise CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology) in order to knock out specific genes of interest and thus analyze if the bacterial strain is still infectious.
Which of the following is NOT associated with Okazaki fragments?
A.
lagging strand
B.
ligase
C.
bases added to the 3’ end
D.
continuous replication
E.
DNA polymerase III
Answer:
The correct answer is - D. continuous replication.
Explanation:
Okazaki fragments are short DNA sequences synthesized in the lagging strand as DNA polymerase enzyme is able to synthesize only from 5' to 3' so nucleotide can not bind on 5' end but only 3' end and the DNA strands are antiparallel.
They are short fragments of DNA synthesized from RNA primers on the lagging strand and combined by the ligase enzyme. Okazaki fragments show a discontinuous manner in the synthesis of DNA.
The correct answer is D. continuous replication as they don't have it.
Okazaki fragments are brief DNA sequences synthesized withinside the lagging strand as DNA polymerase enzyme is capable of synthesizing simplest from 5' to 3^ high SO nucleotide can't bind on 5' cease however simplest 3' cease and the DNA strands are antiparallel.
They are brief fragments of DNA synthesized from RNA primers at the lagging strand and blended via way of means of the ligase enzyme. Okazaki fragments display a discontinuous way withinside the synthesis of DNA.
What are Okazaki fragments?Okazaki fragments are small sections of DNA that might be fashioned all through the discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand all through DNA replication. They are essential due to the fact they permit each daughter strand to be synthesized, which is vital for molecular division.
Thus it is clear thsat Okazaki fragments are not associated with continuous replication.
To know more about Okazaki fragments refer to the link :
https://brainly.com/question/21265857
In which phases of mitosis and meiosis are the principles of segregation and independent assortment at work?
Answer:
1-Meiosis:
- Independent assortment: Anaphase I
- Segregation: Anaphase II
2-Mitosis
- Segregation: Anaphase
Explanation:
The Principle of Independent Assortment described by Mendel indicates the mechanism by which different genes get sorted into gametes (i.e., eggs and sperms in mammals) independently of one another, while the Principle of Segregation indicates the mechanism by which gene variants (i.e., alleles) segregate (separate) into gamete cells. In eukaryotic organisms, independent assortment occurs during anaphase I of meiosis, when each pair of homologous chromosomes separate. The assortment of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I explain how genes on different chromosome pairs will segregate independently of one another. On the other hand, the separation (segregation) of sister chromatids occurs in Anaphase II, where gametes carrying single gene variants (i.e., alleles) for each locus are generated.
The passage indicates that compared with other functions of coloration in plants, camouflage in plants has A) provided scientists with a deeper understanding of potential food sources. B) made use of a wider variety of distinctive shades of colors. C) proved to be a less effective defense against predators. D) been the subject of a smaller number of scientific investigations.
Question passage: This PASSAGE is adapted from “Rare Woodland Plant Uses‘Cryptic Coloration’ to Hide from Predators.” ©2009 byAmerican Journal of Botany, Inc.It is well known that some animal species usecamouflage to hide from predators. Individuals thatare able to blend in to their surroundings and avoidbeing eaten are able to survive longer, reproduce, andthus increase their fitness (pass along their genes tothe next generation) compared to those who standout more. This may seem like a good strategy, andfairly common in the animal kingdom, but who everheard of a plant doing the same thing?In plants, the use of coloration or pigmentation asa vital component of acquiring food (e.g.,photosynthesis) or as a means of attractingpollinators (e.g., flowers) has been well studied.However, variation in pigmentation as a means ofescaping predation has received little attention.Matthew Klooster from Harvard University andcolleagues empirically investigated whether the driedbracts (specialized leaves) on a rare woodland plant,Monotropsis odorata, might serve a similar purposeas the stripes on a tiger or the grey coloration of thewings of the peppered moth: namely, to hide.
The PASSAGE indicates that compared with other functions of coloration in plants, camouflage in plants has A) provided scientists with a deeper understanding of potential food sources. B) made use of a wider variety of distinctive shades of colors. C) proved to be a less effective defense against predators. D) been the subject of a smaller number of scientific investigations.
Answer: The correct option is C(proved to be a less effective defense against predators).
Explanation:
Adaptation is a means by which plants or animals modify their forms, structures, functions and behaviour in order to escape being harmed and survive in their environment. The special adaptations of organisms in a habitat enables them to live there successfully and reproduce. There are 3 types of adaptation which include:
--> structural adaptation,
--> adaptive coloration and
--> behavioural adaptations.
From the passage, the plant under study shows ADAPTIVE COLOURATION. Colour and colour pattern plays an important role in adaptations of plants. These occur due to the presence of pigments in cells of plants. Common pigments responsible for coloration in plants are:
--> chlorophyll: this gives green colour to plants that has chloroplasts in their cells.
--> Carotene and xanthophyll: this gives yellow to orange colour to plants that has chromoplasts in their cells.
From the passage, the use of coloration or pigmentation in the plant as a vital component of acquiring food (e.g.,photosynthesis) or as a means of attracting pollinators (e.g., flowers) has been well studied but it's use to escape from predation has received little attention. Therefore camouflage in plants has proved to be a less effective defense against predators.
pls help
Identify the organelle that packages and secretes proteins and membrane parts
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C.Golgi Apparatus
D.Cell Membrane
Pregnancy comes with a unique set of diet and lifestyle guidelines. Some substances are particularly beneficial for the mother or baby, others are harmful, and some should be used with caution.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
I believe it it A. True
Hope this helps
Answer:
a
Explanation:
the concentration of substances contained in e.g some medicines might be okay for a woman who is not expecting but the the impact is totally different to someone who has a baby growing in their uterus,this is so because babies are very delicate and reactive to strong chemicals
How does pH paper indicate the pH of a solution?
A. By turning a certain color
B. By changing the color of the solution
C. By causing a certain number of bubbles to form
D. By forming a number in the pH scale on the paper
Scientists observed that the populations of top-level consumers in a particular ecosystem were rapidly decreasing. Further studies revealed that there was also a decline in producer productivity. Which other changes did the scientists most likely observe in the ecosystem?
increased producer diversity
decreased population size at all levels
decreased primary consumer populations only
increased primary and secondary consumer diversity
Answer:
The correct answer is - decreased population size at all levels.
Explanation:
A decrease in the productivity of producers of an ecosystem will lead to a decrease in all other organisms of the ecosystem including top-level consumers to the bottom-level producers due to the fact that producers provide energy and food to primary consumers.
It is because they are the only organisms that convert the sunlight to usable energy and food that transfer from one trophic level to other, so if the population of producers or their productivity will decrease then there will be decreased population size at all levels.
Before developing a forest management plan, the most important thing to know is the a. Soil b. Weather c. Wildlife d. All the above
Answer:
c
Explanation:
got it in class kick
Although bipedalism is unusual, humans are not the only living bipeds. For example, some flightless birds are also bipedal. Identify a living nonprimate animal that is also a biped. Then, compare its bipedalism to our biped-alism.
Answer:
Explanation:
Human and birds as the basis for comparison. Some birds walk and run with their backs and femurs tilting at small angles to the horizontal and with bent knees while most human walk uprightly with legs straight and this can be seen in the duty and task performed by man.
Humans exert on the ground while walking two-peaked pattern of force which makes some human work very fast but Birds do not exact two-peaked pattern of force.
Human walking for individual with same body mass is relatively economical of metabolic energy while Bipedal locomotion is economical for wading birds, it is expensive for geese and penguins.
Research has found that chimpanzees in one area make spears to help them hunt bushbabies (African lorises). The chimpanzees locate a tree trunk in which the bushbabies live. They then select a tree branch, trim off the leaves and side branches, and trim the end of the branch to form a sharpened tip. The chimpanzees thrust these branches, like spears, into the tree to try to stab bushbabies (see the Lab 11 Exercise Image Library on p. 336 of your lab manual for associated images).
Is this behavior an example of nonhuman primate culture?
1. Yes
2. No
Primates often work together while hunting and then share the meat with others in the group.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
1. Yes
1. True
Explanation:
A.
Yes, it is a nonhuman primate cultural example: Despite the fact that many nonhuman primates lack apparent cultural traditions in the same manner that humans do, primatologists have uncovered a number of behavioral habits that differ between populations and are passed down through socialization and language interaction. The employment of tools by chimps for hunting is one of the most prominent examples of this. Chimpanzees in the African Savannah have been observed fashioning sticks into weapons to hunt bush infants, according to researchers. In each example, a chimp changes a branch by snapping off one or two ends and sharpening the stick with its teeth. The spear is then jabbed into the bottom of the trunk, where the bush infants slumber. Because this complicated behavior appears to differ between communities, it is thought that chimpanzee tool usage is socially acquired, and hence a cultural behavior.
B.
Chimpanzees hunt in groups so that they may corner their prey even if the canopy is continuous. Each chimpanzee within the hunting parties has a specific function to play during an arboreal hunt. Drivers are responsible for keeping the prey moving in a specific route and following them without trying to grab or catch them. Blockers are positioned at the base of the trees, climbing up to stop prey from fleeing in the other direction. Chasers move swiftly and attempt to capture the prey. Finally, when one monkey approaches, ambushers hide and flee. The food is delivered to all members of the hunting group once the animal has been trapped and slaughtered.
Please answer only if you know this is a final 
Answer:
Explanation:
The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of a. mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food and the insect pollinates the flower.
Cardiogenic shock shock results when: The body loses an excessive amount of blood The body's blood vessels are dilated The left ventricle cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's demands Trauma results in temporary loss of the autonomic function of the spinal cord
Answer:
The left ventricle cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's demands
Explanation:
Cardiogenic shock is a problem that occurs when the heart cannot pump the adequate amount of blood to supply all organs. In this situation, the left ventricle, responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood, cannot pump enough blood to tend the body's demands. This causes blood pressure to drop and oxygen in the tissues to be lacking. In addition, this situation can cause accumulation of fluid in the lungs. This is a very dangerous problem, being one of the main causes of myocardial infarction.
which of the following occurs during the process of asexual reproduction
Mitosis only
meiosis only
Mitosis and meiosis
none of the these
Answer:
Explanation:
Reproduction may be asexual when one individual produces genetically identical offspring, or sexual when the genetic material from two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction occurs through fission, budding, and fragmentation.
The coloration of fishes is due to special cells called
Group of answer choices
chlorophyllcytes
pigmentacytes
chromatophores
coloration cells
Answer: chromatophores
Explanation:
The coloration of fishes is due to special cells called chromatophores. Chromatophores are referred to as the cells which produces color. They are seen in animals such as reptiles, fish,amphibians, and crustaceans.
On the other hand, mammals and birds, have a class of cells that is refered to as melanocytes for coloration. The main function of chromatophores is simply for camouflage.
What are two things we need to consider to make living off Earth possible?
PLS HELP FAST NO LINKS!
What is formed because the Sun heats some areas of the earth more than others?
A.precipitation
B.clouds
C.air fronts
D.air pressure
Only a very few flowering plants have been able to invade the oceans. But the few marine ones are very successful. What are some reasons for the small number of marine flowering plants
Answer:
1. High osmotic pressure due to the hypersaline nature of marine habitats
2. The dependence of flowering plants on pollinating insects for fertilization. These insect pollinators are however, absent in the marine environment.
3. Competition from already-established sea weeds and grasses provides another challenge to flowering plants invadingnthe oceans.
4. Constant changes in the environment as well as temperature changes too
Explanation:
The marine environment is a hypersaline environment with a high salt concentration relative to that of the plant cell. Due to high salt concentration of the marine environment, their is high osmotic pressure on living oragnisms found therein. Organisms must have well-adapted osmo-regulatory mechanisms to counteract the high osmotic pressure of their environment. Therefore, flowering plants face the challenge of removing excess salt from their cells or else lose water to their environment, hence resulting in the death of the plant. However, most flowering plants lack this ability and thus, have found it difficult to invade the oceans.
Flowering plants depends on insect-pollinators for fertilization. However, these insect are not found in the oceans, and as such, it is difficult for flowering plants to invade the oceans.
Well-adapted seaweeds and grasses serve as competitors for any invading flowering plant. Since the flowering plants are not yet adapted for life in marine habitats, they lose out in this competition.
The oceans are constantly in a state of frequent turbulence and change due to tides and currents. Also, the temperature of the oceans are very low and fluctuations in the temperatures of the ocean do occur, utimately serving as obstacles to invading flowering plants to adapt to life in the oceans and seas.
What term is used to describe the number of chromosomes in a gamete, such as
an egg cell or a sperm cell?
Answer:
The biology term, haploid can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes
The term used to describe the number of chromosomes in a gamete would be haploid.
Gametes are usually formed by meiosis and meiosis is referred to as reductional division. When a normal diploid (2n) cell divides by meiosis, the daughter cells would have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. In other words, the daughter cells will have n number of chromosomes as opposed to 2n.
Cells with n chromosome numbers are generally referred to as haploid while those with normal 2n chromosome numbers are said to be diploid. Egg and sperm cells are haploid cells.
More on haploid cells can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/15475325
Is this right ????????????????????
I do believe they made a mistake ???
Answer: yes it is correct
Explanation:
Hope this helps you with your science work :)
Pls help I’ll brainlest
You can pick more than one I think
Answer:
I say the correct answers are C and D and E maybe.
Explanation:
But I say both good and right answer are C and D. And just E for backup!