To form sigma ( σ ), hybrid orbitals cross each other. To create pi (π) bonds, unhybridized orbitals cross one other.
What do you mean by hybrid orbitals?A model that combines the atomic orbitals of a single atom in a way that creates a new set of orbitals with geometries suitable for forming bonds in the directions suggested by the VSEPR model produces hybrid orbitals. Geometries that are remarkably similar to those observed in actual molecules are predicted by the VSEPR model. Hybrid orbitals are the new orbitals produced as a result of this process. More importantly, hybrid orbitals can be used to explain atomic bonds' properties as well as molecular geometry. For instance, four single bonds are created when the valence-shell s orbital of carbon joins with three valence-shell p orbitals.
What are the types of hybrid orbitals?Linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral are the five fundamental hybridization shapes. The orbital arrangement's geometry: Linear: Due to the involvement of two electron groups and the 180° angle between the orbitals, sp hybridization results.
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1. write a balanced chemical equation, including physical state symbols, for the combustion of liquid dodecane into gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water.
The Molecular formula of Decane is C10H22
Combustion of Decane as follows ; C10H22 (l) + O2 (g) ==> CO2(g)+ H2O(g) ,When we burn Liquid Decane(C10H22) into oxygen(O2) gas then it produce Water vapour and Carbon dioxide gas.
The balance equation of Combustion as follows ;
2C10H22 (l) + 31O2 (g) ==> 20CO2(g)+ 22H2O(g)
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molecules are called regulators if they act on the same cell type as the one that produced them, while regulators, particularly if they are produced by one cell type, can regulate neighboring cells of the same organ.
Molecules are called autocrine regulators if they act on the same cell type as the one that produced them, while paracrine regulators, particularly if they are produced by one cell type, can regulate neighboring cells of the same organ.
In this review, the term "autocrine signalling" will be used to describe signals secreted by a cell that may bind to that cell or to a nearby cell with a similar phenotype, whereas the term "paracrine signalling" will be used to describe signals produced by a cell that that cell type cannot respond to but that other cell types can.
A paracrine ligand is a tool to spread the message from one cell type to the others, whereas an autocrine signal acts as an amplifier or a brake for message transmission. Multiple GPCR subtypes that are expressed in various cell types have been found to be capable of recognising a wide variety of ligands.
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if 5 mol no2 react with 1 mol h2o, how many moles of the excess reactant remains when the reaction is complete?
If 5 mole no2 react with 1 mole h2o, then 4 moles of the excess reactant (N2O) remains when the reaction is complete
N2O + H2O → 2 HNO
1 mole of N2O reacts with 1 mole of H2O.
if 5 mole N2O reacts with 1 mole of H2O, then 4 mole of mole N2O remains, thus concludes N2O is excess reactant.
A balanced chemical equation's molar amounts of the reactants and products are displayed. In the real world, reactants are rarely combined in precisely the right ratio. One reactant will completely exhaust before the others. A reaction's limiting reactant is the one that is used up first. Once the other reactants have been consumed to some extent, the remaining amount is considered "in excess."
To determine which reactant is the limiting one, determine the volume of the product that each reactant produced. The reactant with the lowest product yield is the limiting reactant.
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calcium carbonate (marble chip) with acid 1. acid used for reaction with calcium carbonate: 2. observations: what happened to the marble chip in the solution? were any bubbles formed? what happened to the flame of the wood splint? (describe experiment in this box.)
The marble chips are reacted with a solution that produces a gas that turns the lime water milky.
This means that the gas produced is carbon dioxide. Therefore, carbonates only produce carbon dioxide gas when treated with acids. Marble chips are alkaline compounds that react with hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide calcium chloride and water. Marble chips are composed of calcium carbonate.
Adding dilute hydrochloric acid to a piece of marble which is calcium carbonate forms calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide. Marble fragments react with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas. The speed of this reaction can be changed by changing the size of the marble chips. This produces carbon dioxide and calcium chloride.
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suppose you have two 1-l flasks, one containing n2 at stp and the other containing ch4 at stp.
part a
how do these systems compare with respect to the number of molecules?
how do these systems compare with respect to the number of molecules?
n2 will have a greater number of molecules.
ch4 will have a greater number of molecules.
they will have the same number of molecules.
there is not enough information given to make the comparison.
They will have the same number of molecules.
At stp every gas contains Na number of molecules for 22.4l
Here the volume of each flask is 1l
Here we know that
For 1l each gas will consists of Na/22.4 molecules.
Here Na = 6 × 10^24
We here thus mention
By avogadro's hypothesis
The number of molecules present in the same condition for different species for the same volume must be equal.
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Which of the following statements is not true? a. lonic compounds typically have higher melting points than molecular compounds b. Covalent bonds form between non-metal and metal elements
c. Molecular compounds share electrons to form bonds between atoms d. Ionic bonds in the melted state can conduct electricity
Among the options, covalent bonds form between non-metal and metal elements is not true.
Briefing:Ionic bonds are formed between non-metal and metal elements whereas formation of covalent bonds takes place between those two identical entities.
What are covalent bonds ?Covalent bonds are those created when two atoms couple up and share electrons, forming a bond. Most often, it is formed between two non-metals.
What are ionic bonds?Ionic bonds are formed due to electrostatic attraction. Due to the fact that they typically develop between metals and non-metals, this is created in the oppositely charged ions of the atoms.
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how many moles of hydrogen peroxide will be oxidized by 0.043 5 moles of potassium permanganate an acidic solution
The number of moles of hydrogen peroxide will be oxidized by 0.0435 moles of potassium permanganate an acidic solution is 0.054375
What is titration?
Titration is a technique used to gauge an unknown substance's concentration. Titrations, for instance, can be used to calculate the volume of solution needed to neutralize an acid. Titrations are used in redox titrations to determine the amount of the oxidizing agent that is required to oxidize a substance.
Here,
H2o2(aq} −→ 2O2 + 2H+ 2e-
MnO4−(aq)+8H++5e−→Mn2+(aq)+4H2O(l)
Combining the oxidation and reduction half~reactions for hydrogen peroxide and permanganate ion, respectively, and writing the balanced chemical equation for the overall reaction between H2O2 and Mn04- in acid solution gives us
5 H2O2 + 2 MnO4– + 6 H+ -------> 2 Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5 O2
The mole ratio is 5 hydrogen peroxide molecules to 2 permanganate molecules in the reaction
Therefore moles oxidized by 0.0435 moles of potassium permanganate, using the ratio, is 0.054375
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the mole fraction of ammonia in an ammonia water solution is 0.818. if the solution contains 6.00 moles of water, how many moles of ammonia must also be present?
27 moles of ammonia must also be present.
The no of moles of water in solution = 6 moles
mole fraction of ammonia = number of moles of ammonia/ Total no of moles
0.818 = no of moles of ammonia / no of moles of ammonia + number of moles of water
0.818 = n1 / n1 + 6
n1 = 4.908/ 0.182 = 27 mole
One of the industrial chemicals made most frequently in the US is ammonia (NH3). In addition to being naturally occurring in both individuals and the environment, it is employed in industry and commerce. Numerous biological functions require ammonia, which also acts as a precursor to the creation of amino acids and nucleotides. Ammonia is created in soil by bacteria and is a component of the nitrogen cycle in the environment. Ammonia is also created naturally through the breakdown of organic material, such as plants, animals, and animal excrement. Approximately 80% of the ammonia produced by industry is used as fertilizer in agriculture. In addition to these uses, ammonia is also employed in the production of polymers, explosives, textiles, insecticides, dyes, and other compounds. It also serves as a refrigerant gas.
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True or false: When subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on an in- terval [a,b], every nonsingular second-order linear ordinary differential equation a(x)u" + 6(x) u' + c(u) u = f(x) is (a) self-adjoint, (b) positive definite, (c) positive semi- (x ( definite, with respect to some weighted inner product (9.76).
True. Every nonsingular second-order linear ordinary differential equation a(x)u" + 6(x) u' + c(u) u = f(x), subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on an interval [a,b], is (a) self-adjoint.
What does homogenous mean?Generally speaking, homogenous refers to having same pieces or components. Homogeneous refers to something that is consistent in nature or character throughout. A variety of objects that are basically similar to one another or belong to the same sort can also be referred to as homogenous.
In science, what is homogeneous?A homogenous mixture is one whose composition is constant across the whole mixture. The dissolved salt is uniformly dispersed across the whole salt water sample, making the salt water in the example above homogenous.
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which indicator of those you used would you expect to be useful in determining the ph of a 4.0 x 10^-4
The best indicator for the pH of 4 x 10⁻⁴ M HCl would be bromocresol purple which is yellow at the pH of HCl = 3.4.
Ka for acetic acid = [H₃O⁺][A⁻]/[HA]
knowing pH,
pH = -log[H₃O⁺]
[H₃O⁺] = [A⁻]
and, [HA] concentration we can determine Ka for each solution
for basic salts as
Na₂CO₃, the net ionic equation would be,
(CO₃)₂⁻ + H₂O <==> HCO₃⁻ + OH⁻
NaHCO3, the net ionic equation would be,
HCO₃⁻ + H₂O <==> H₂CO₃ + OH⁻
similarly, other salts which give OH- ion in solution is basic and the ones that give H₃O⁺ in solution are acidic in nature,
acidic salts like NH₄⁺
NH₄⁺ + H₂O <=> NH₃ + H₃O⁺
Hence, the best indicator for the pH of 4 x 10⁻⁴ M HCl would be bromocresol purple which is yellow at the pH of HCl = 3.4.
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calculate the change in ph when 9.00 ml of 0.100 m hcl(aq) is added to 100.0 ml of a buffer solution that is 0.100 m in nh3(aq) and 0.100 m in nh4cl(aq). consult
The change in ph when 9.00 ml of 0.100 m hcl(aq) is added to 100.0 ml of a buffer solution that is 0.100 m in nh3(aq) and 0.100 m in nh4cl(aq). consult
1)
Step 1: Calculate initial pH
Kb = 1.8*10^-5
pKb = - log (Kb)
= - log(1.8*10^-5)
= 4.745
use:
pOH = pKb + log {[conjugate acid]/[base]}
= 4.745+ log {0.1/0.1}
= 4.745
use:
PH = 14 - pOH
= 14 - 4.7447
= 9.2553
Step 2: Calculate pH after adding HCl
mol of HCl added = 0.1M *9.0 mL = 0.9 mmol
NH3 will react with H+ to form NH4+
Before Reaction:
mol of NH3 = 0.1 M *100.0 mL
mol of NH3 = 10 mmol
mol of NH4+ = 0.1 M *100.0 mL
mol of NH4+ = 10 mmol
after reaction,
mol of NH3 = mol present initially - mol added
mmol of NH3 = (10 - 0.9) mmol
mol of NH3 = 9.1 mmol
mol of NH4+ = mol present initially + mol added
mol of NH4+ = (10 + 0.9) mmol
mol of NH4+ = 10.9 mmol
since volume is both in numerator and denominator, we can use mol instead of concentration
Kb = 1.8*10^-5
pKb = - log (Kb)
= - log(1.8*10^-5)
= 4.745
After the reaction, the following equation holds true: mol of NH3 = mol present initially - mol added mmol of NH3 = (10 - 0.9) mmol mol of NH3 = 9.1 mmol mol of NH4+ = mol present initially + mol added mol of NH4+ = (10 + 0.9) Since volume appears in both the numerator and denominator of the equation, we can use mol in place of concentration: mmol mol of NH4+ = 10.9 mmol
Kb = 1.8*10-5 pKb = -log(Kb) = -log(1.8*10-5) = 4.745
Employ: pOH = pKb + log [conjugate acid]/[base] = 4.745 + log [10.9/9.1] = 4.823
employ: PH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.8231 = 9.1769
Step 3: Subtract the final pH from the initial pH to arrive at a change delta pH of -0.0784 (9.1769 - 9.2553).
Incorrect: -0.0784
2) The reaction between NH4+ and OH- will produce NH3 when mol of NaOH supplied is 0.1M *9.0 mL = 0.9 mmol.
NH3 = 0.1 M * 100.0 mL mol of NH3 = 10 mmol NH4+ = 0.1 M * 100.0 mL mol of NH4+ = 10 mmol
After reaction, the equation is: Mol of NH3 = Mol originally present + Mol of NH3 added = (10 + 0.9). mmol mol of NH3 equals 10.9 mmol mol of NH4+ equals mol initially present minus mol added mol of NH4+ = (10 - 0.9) Since volume is in both the numerator and the denominator of mmol mol of NH4+ = 9.1 mmol, we can substitute mol for concentration.
Kb = 1.8*10-5 pKb = -log(Kb) = -log(1.8*10-5) = 4.745
Make use of: pOH = pKb + log [conjugate acid]/[base] = 4.745 + log [9.1/10.9] = 4.666
employ: PH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.6663 = 9.3337
delta pH = final pH - initial pH
= 9.3337 - 9.2553
= 0.0784
Answer: 0.0784
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how many conjugated bonds have are uv active and expected to absorb radiation between 200 and 400 nm?
The compounds which shows UV absorbance between 200-400 nm are Caffeine, Salicylic acid, Acetaminophen and Aspirin.
What is chemical bond?
Atoms in molecules are joined by chemical bonds. Electrostatic forces between negatively charged electrons and positively charged atomic nuclei result in bonds.
What is UV?
The wavelength of ultraviolet (UV) radiation ranges from 10 nanometers (with a corresponding frequency of about 30 PHz) to 400 nanometers (750 THz), which is shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
The compounds C, D and E shows UV absorbance between 200-400 nm.
The compounds which shows UV absorbance between 200-400 nm are Caffeine, Salicylic acid, Acetaminophen and Aspirin.
Therefore, compounds which shows UV absorbance between 200-400 nm are Caffeine, Salicylic acid, Acetaminophen and Aspirin.
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for each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of nadh + fadh₂ molecules produced?
The net molecular and energetic effects of glycolysis, the conversion of pyruvate, and the citric acid cycle are 4 ATP, 10 NADH, and 2 FADH2 in line with a molecule of glucose.
Glucose is an easy sugar with the molecular formulation C₆H₁₂O₆. Glucose is ordinarily the maximum considerable monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates.
In the hyperglycemia method, there may be too much sugar inside the blood because the frame lacks enough insulin. associated with diabetes, hyperglycemia can motivate vomiting, immoderate starvation and thirst, fast heartbeat, imaginative and prescient issues, and other signs. Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to extreme fitness problems.
A blood sugar degree of less than 140 mg/dL is every day. An analysis of more than two hundred mg/dL after-hours approach you have got diabetes. An analyzing between a hundred and forty and 199 mg/dL manner you've got prediabetes.
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at what temperature would 1% of the hydrogen atoms be in the first excited state? leave your answer in k
The hydrogen atoms are in the first excited state at room temperature.
The hydrogen atom is the best of all atoms: it consists of a single proton and a single electron. in addition to the most not unusual shape of the hydrogen atom, which is known as protium, other isotopes of hydrogen exist in deuterium and tritium.
A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical detail hydrogen. The electrically impartial atom consists of an unmarried definitely charged proton and a negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus via the Coulomb force. Atomic hydrogen constitutes about seventy five% of the baryonic mass of the universe.
Hydrogen, H, is a pretty flammable gasoline and the maximum commonplace aspect of the universe. it is the lightest element ever and is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. it's also in maximum organic compounds.
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dr. sweeney is a research chemist who recently discovered an old bottle labeled perchloric acid (hclo) in the back of his research laboratory. after verifying that the contents of the bottle were indeed hclo, dr. sweeney was interested in determining the concentration of hclo in the bottle. to determine the concentration of hclo, dr. sweeney performed a titration using 20 ml of hclo, 0.04 m naoh, and phenolphthalein as an indicator solution. dr. sweeney determined that it took 24 ml of 0.040 m naoh to reach the endpoint of the titration.
a. What did Dr. Sweeney observe to indicate the endpoint in his titration? b. Write the chemical equation that represents the chemical reaction that Dr. Sweeney was studying. c. What type of chemical reaction is this? d. What is the concentration of HC10_4 in the bottle that Dr. Sweeney found?
Dr. Sweeney observed the end-point of the titration, the chemical equation is HClO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaClO4 (aq) + H2O (l), The reaction is a neutralization reaction and the concentration of HCl04 is 0.048 mol/L.
To calculate the concentration of a specified analyte, titration is a typical laboratory technique for quantitative chemical analysis. A reagent, also known as a titrant or titrator, is created as a standard solution with a specified concentration and volume. The goal of the titration is to identify the equivalence point, or the point at which chemically equivalent amounts of the reactants have been combined.
In a chemical reaction called neutralisation reaction, an acid and a base interact quantitatively. In a process in water, neutralisation leads to the absence of excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions in the solution. A neutralisation reaction is a chemical process in which an acid and a base quantitatively combine to produce salt and water as byproducts.
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as pco2 levels were increased, the concentration of a gas in the inhaled air was decreased in order to maintain the oxygen levels. name that gas.
As pco2 levels were increased, the concentration of a Nitrogen gas in the inhaled air was decreased in order to maintain the oxygen levels.
Atomic number 7 and the letter N designate nitrogen as the chemical element. Group 15 of the periodic table, also known as the pnictogens, contains Nitrogen gas as the lightest nonmetal element. It ranks seventh in overall abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System, making it a common element in the cosmos. When conducting a chemical analysis, Nitrogen gas is frequently used to prepare samples.
With an atomic number of 8 and the chemical symbol O, oxygen is the eighth chemical element. It belongs to the chalcogen group in the periodic table, is a very reactive nonmetal, and is an oxidising agent that easily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. With an atomic number of 8 and the chemical symbol O, oxygen is the eighth chemical element.
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take stereochemistry into account and describe expected stereoisomers if any. of the following products, which will be formed as a racemic mixture. select all that apply
The products that will be produced as a result of the given chemical reaction are attached with the answer.
We find that allylic bromination takes place here. It can be defined as the substitution of bromine for hydrogen on a benzylic/allylic carbon. This process is carried out by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS for short). The bromine is substituted next to the double bond (this is called the allylic position).
The products can be different on the basis of the symmetry of the alkene reactant. In the case of a symmetric alkene reactant, one product will be formed (first image attached below). In the case of an asymmetric alkene product, a mixture of products, because of the two different allylic positions, is formed (second image attached below).
The complete question you might be looking for is attached (third image) below.
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what is the copper ii ion concentration at 25% c in the cell zn(s) i zn2 (1.0 m) ii cu2 (aq) i cu(s) if the measured cell potential is 1.01v? g
Answer:cell potential
Explanation:
The metal i oberved to begin to melt when the temperature of it container i approximately 29°C. The metal i mot likely
When the metal is seen to start melting at a temperature of about 29°C in its container, gallium is most likely the metal.
What is metal?A metal is a substance that exhibits a shiny appearance when freshly processed, polished, or shattered, and conducts electricity and heat rather well. Generally speaking, metals are malleable and ductile. These characteristics are the outcome of the metallic link that exists between the metal's atoms or molecules. Any of a group of materials known as metals that exhibit strong thermal and electrical conductivity as well as malleability, ductility, and high light reflection.
How is metal made and where it found it?Extraction of the unprocessed ore from the earth is the initial step in the production of metal alloys. The non-metal components, like as rock and rubbish, are subsequently removed from the ore during processing. Metal alloys are created by melting and mixing different metal parts.
The majority of pure metals are located in the crust of the earth. Ores, which are solid substances from which metals and minerals can be extracted, are where they are found. Iron makes up almost a third of the planet's mass, and most of it is concentrated in its core.
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a container with 3.00 moles of gas has a volume of 60.0 l. with a temperature at 400.k, what is the pressure in atm? your answer should have three significant figures (round your answer to two decimal places). use r
By the Ideal gas equation:
PV = nRT
-> P=nRT/V=(3.00 mol)(0.08206L atmmol K)(400. K)/(60.0L)
= 1.6412 atm
What is the Ideal Gas Equation?
The ideal gas law (PV = nRT) relates to the macroscopic properties of ideal gases. An ideal gas is a gas in which the particles
(a) do not attract or repel one another and
(b) take up no space (have no volume).
No gas is truly ideal, but the ideal gas law does provide a good approximation of real gas behavior under many conditions.
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The ma percentage of hydrochloric acid within a olution i 19. 0%. Given that the denity of thi olution i 1. 095 g/mL, find the molarity of the olution
Hydrochloric acid has a molarity of 5.708 M, a mass content of 19.0%, and a density of 1.095 g/ml.
What is hydrochloric acid?Hydrochloric acid, also referred to as muriatic acid, is hydrogen chloride in an aqueous solution. It is odourless and colourless, and it smells strongly. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of gastric acid, which is present in the digestive systems of the majority of animal species, including humans.
What hydrochloric acid is used for and it is harmful for humans or not?Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is often used as a bleaching agent to neutralise alkaline compounds in the food, textile, metal, and rubber industries. It is neutralised when released into the soil, and it hydrolyzes quickly when it comes into contact with water.
If hydrochloric acid burns are in contact with skin or other tissues, they can cause excruciating pain. Ingestion of hydrochloric acid might result in blindness. The concentration of the acid and how long it remains in contact with the tissues determine how severe the burns are.
Briefing:The solute concentration in moles is divided by the volume of the solution in litres to determine the solution's molarity.
M = moles of solute/liters of solution.
By dividing the total number of moles of solute by the total volume of litres of solution, we may determine the molarity.
Consider a 100g solution. The solution has 19.0% of its bulk in hydrochloric acid. and the provided solution has a density of 1.095 g/mol. We may determine the molarity of the solution by inserting each of these values.
mass acid hydrochloric,
100g solution x (19.00g / 100g solution) = 19.00g Hcl
moles of hydrochloric acid is ,
19.00g HCl x (1 mole Hcl / 36.45g HCl) = 0.52126
then, the answer is,
100g solution x (1mL solution / 1.095g solution) x (1L / 1000mL) = 0.091324L
molarity HCl = 0.52126 mole / 0.091324L = 5.708M.
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A tugboat tows ships out of a harbor. The tugboat starts pulling the ships when they are stopped at a dock
The tugboat tows with the same force no matter the size of the ship. Order the names of the ships to show the size of the acceleration each ship will have as it starts to move.
Answer:
In order of decreasing acceleration experienced by each ship, the names of the ships are as follows:
Viceroy
Standard
Skipjack
Thunderor
Eden
he reacting substrate carbon atom in the mechanism described in the passage undergoes which of the following hybridization state changes during the reaction? (note: the middle hybridization state refers to an intermediate.)
It goes SP2 hybridization on reacting substrate carbon atom in the passage undergo hybridization state changes during the reaction.
SP2 hybridization is the mixing of one s and two p atomic orbitals, which involves the promotion of one electron in the s orbital to one of the 2p atomic orbitals. The combination of these atomic orbitals creates three new hybrid orbitals equal in energy-level. The hybrid orbitals are higher in energy than the s orbital but lower in energy than the p orbitals, but they are closer in energy to the p orbitals. The new set of formed hybrid orbitals creates trigonal structures, creating a molecular geometry of 120 degrees. One of a set of hybrid orbitals produced when one s orbital and two p orbitals are combined mathematically to form three new equivalent orbitals oriented toward the corners of a triangle. This involves the mechanism of sp2 hybridization.
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the process of filling a damaged, broken, lifted, or cracked monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancement with additional monomer liquid and polymer powder is called:
Answer:
Crack Repair
Explanation:
The process of filling a damaged, broken, lifted, or cracked monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancement with additional monomer liquid and polymer powder is called crack repair.
A polymer can be natural or synthetic substance, composed of very large molecules that are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.
There are 3 major classes of polymers –
Thermoplastics,
Thermosets, and
Elastomers.
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choose the most appropriate reagent(s) for the conversion of trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol to the corresponding tosylate ester.
The most appropriate reagent(s) for the conversion of trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexanol to the corresponding tosylate ester is Chromic acid.
What is Chromic acid?
Chromic acid anodizing has been used to protect aluminum from oxidation for many years. The anodizing process builds a basic oxide layer that supports a tubular cell structure. Chromic acid (H2CrO4) reacts with alcohols to form a chromic ester in which the alcohol oxygen atom bridges the carbon and chromium atoms. The ester forms by nucleophilic attack of the alcohol oxygen atom on the chromium atom. This reaction is analogous to an SN2 reaction with an a─OH group of chromic acid as the leaving group.
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For many purposes we can treat dimethyl ether (C,H,O) as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of -24. °C. Suppose the pressure on a 8.0 mº sample of dimethyl ether gas at -2.00°C is tripled. Is it possible to change the temperature of the dimethyl ether at the same time such that the volume of the gas doesn't change? x 6 ? If you answered yes, calculate the new temperature of the gas. Round your answer to the nearest °C.
Yes. Gay-law Lussac's states that the pressure and temperature of a gas are directly proportional at constant volume.
Why does pressure rise as temperature rises?
According to Gay-Law, the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas when the volume is held constant.
The pressure of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature as long as the volume remains constant (Amontons' law). The volume of a given gas sample is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at a fixed pressure, according to Charles' law.
The frequency of collisions between molecules and the surface of a container generates pressure. If the temperature of the container is raised, the molecules will move faster. The occurrence of
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Trace amounts of rare elements are found within groundwater and are of interest to geochemists. Europium and terbium are lanthanide-series elements that can be measured from the intensity of their fluorescence emitted when a solution is illuminated with ultraviolet radiation. Certain organic compounds that bind eu(iii) and tb(iii) enhance the emission, and substances found in natural waters can
Micronutrient is another name for a trace element. It is also described as any chemical component of a crucial enzyme that is needed by living things in minute or small levels.
What characteristics define a trace element?In biology, a trace element is any chemical element that is needed by living things in very small levels (less than 0.1 percent by capacity [1,000 parts per million]), typically as a component of an essential activity (a cell-produced catalytic protein).
What do you mean by a trace element?Minerals known as trace elements or trace metals are minor levels of which are found in living tissues. Some of them have been known to be physiologically necessary, some might be (but the evidence is merely speculative or sparse), and the rest are regarded as nonessential.
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what do all of the molecules in the table have in common? based on what you wrote in the table in part a, what effect do lone pairs have on the bond angle? why do you think this happens?
It all happens due to VSPER model and the lone pair decreases the bond angle between bonding pairs of atoms.
The Lewis electron-pair technique identifies which atoms have lone pairs of electrons and can be used to forecast the number and types of bonds that will exist between the atoms in a substance. However, this method offers little insight into how atoms are actually arranged in space. The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model, which can be used to predict the shapes of many molecules and polyatomic ions, is introduced as we continue our discussion of structure and bonding. However, keep in mind that the VSEPR model, like any model, is only a partial representation of reality; it doesn't reveal bond lengths or the existence of multiple bonds.
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a solution of dispersant is made by taking 15.0 ml of a 60.0 mg⋅ml−1 solution of tween 80 and mixing it with 55.0 ml of water. calculate the final concentration of the tween 80 in this solution, in units of grams per milliliter.
The final concentration of the Randyne in grams per milliliter = 0.011 g/mL
What is Solution?
In science, a solution is a particular kind of mixture made up of two or more substances. The definition of a solution specifically relates to a certain class of homogeneous mixture, that is, a mixture with a uniform composition and no discernible differences between its constituent parts. This is distinct from a heterogeneous mixture, where each component can be seen separately.
Although mixtures of gases or solids can also be included in solutions, liquid mixtures are the most common type. A solvent and a solute are needed to create a solution.
As we know
C1V1 = C2V2
C1 and C2 = concentration of solution 1 and 2 respectively
V1 and V2 = Volume of solution 1 and 2 respectively
Substituting the given values, we get -
The final concentration of the Randyne in grams per milliliter = 0.011 g/mL
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a(n) is a reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time.
The answer is Redox Reaction.
What are Redox Reactions?
A redox reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred between two reactants participating in it. This transfer of electrons can be identified by observing the changes in the oxidation states of the reacting species.
The loss of electrons and the corresponding increase in the oxidation state of a given reactant is called oxidation. The gain of electrons and the corresponding decrease in the oxidation state of a reactant is called reduction.
Electron-accepting species which tend to undergo a reduction in redox reactions are called oxidizing agents. An electron-donating species which tends to hand over electrons can be referred to as a reducing agent. These species tend to undergo oxidation. It can be noted that any redox reaction can be broken down into two half-reactions, namely the oxidation half-reaction and the reduction half-reaction.
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