How many molecules are in 24.0 g of
H₂SO4?

Option B is correct which is Measurements of fossilized tree rings from the Cretaceous period is a paleoclimate proxy.

The study of past climates ("paleoclimatology"), climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history. Reliable global records of climate only began in the 1880s, and proxies provide the only means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began.

A large number of climate proxies have been studied from a variety of geologic contexts. Examples of proxies include stable isotope measurements from ice cores, growth rates in tree rings, species composition of sub-fossil pollen in lake sediment or foraminifera in ocean sediments, temperature profiles of boreholes, and stable isotopes and mineralogy of corals and carbonate speleothems.

Proxies can be combined to produce temperature reconstructions longer than the instrumental temperature record and can inform discussions of global warming and climate history. The geographic distribution of proxy records, just like the instrumental record, is not at all uniform, with more records in the northern hemisphere.[3]

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A reaction is half complete after 20 minutes. after 40 minutes, the reaction is two thirds complete.  the reaction be 90% complete is 180 minutes.

the half life expression is given as :

1 / [A] = 1 / [A]o + kt

[A] is the concentration of reactant at time t. The starting reactant concentration is 1 M.

t1/2 = 1 / k[A]o

20 min = 1 / k(1)

k = 0.050 min

1 / [A] = 1 / [A]o + kt

1 / [A] = 1 / 1 + ( 0.050 × 40 min)

[A] = 0.33 M

this means the reaction is two third complete. when the reaction is 90 % and [A] = 0.100 M. then,

1 / [A] = 1 / [A]o + kt

1 / 0.100 M = 1 / 1 + ( 0.050 ) t

t = 9 / 0.050

t = 180 min

Thus the time is 180 min.

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Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance  . Therefore, student a and student b are correct.

The free energy from all of the particles or atoms in a substance is what chemists refer to as the substance's temperature. The kinetic energy of a substance's constituent particles varies.

Briefing :

q = n ×ΔH

where

q = amount of heat

n = no of moles

ΔH = enthalpy

n = w / M.M

Both students are correct as energy can be positive as well as negative. Any reaction in which energy is added, energy value comes out to be positive and reaction is called endothermic reaction. Any reaction in which energy is released, energy value comes out to be negative and reaction is called exothermic reaction.

Therefore, student a and student b are correct.

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True : The major organic of the following reaction is optically active. 1. BH 3. THF 2. H2O2 4.NaOH .

The compounds which have the property to move(rotate) the plane of polarization of plane polarized lights is termed as Optically active compound. The compound that rotate the plane clockwise (to the right) are termed as dextrorotatory.

Plane of polarization indicates to the direction in which linearly polarized lights are polarized.

Hence, True : The major organic of the following reaction is optically active. 1. BH 3. THF 2. H2O2 4.NaOH .

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They both reduce the residence time of pollutants ventilation and the use of air cleaners have in common with respect to the box model.

Any chemical or energy that is put into the environment and has unintended effects or negatively impacts the use of a resource is considered a pollutant or new entity. These can be created either naturally (such as minerals or extracted chemicals like oil) or artificially (due to human activity) (i.e. manufactured materials or byproducts from biodegradation). When pollutants are present at levels that have a major negative influence on the environment or public health, they become pollutants.

By altering the rate of animal or plant species' growth, or by affecting people's amenities, comfort, health, or property values, a pollution may cause long-term or short-term damage. Because they biodegrade, some contaminants won't last very long in the environment.

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According to the ideal gas law, the volume of 4.5 moles a gas that is kept at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (1 atm) and 298 K is 11,149.074 L.

The ideal gas law is a equation which is applicable in a hypothetical state of an ideal gas.It is a combination of Boyle's law, Charle's law,Avogadro's law and Gay-Lussac's law . It is given as, PV=nRT where R= gas constant whose value is 8.314.The law has several limitations.

Substituting the values in the above equation V= 4.5×8.314×298/1=11,149.074 L.

Thus, the volume of 4.5 moles a gas that is kept at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (1 atm) and 298 K is 11,149.074 L.

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The pH in the anode compartment is 3.01.

What is electrolysis?

The process of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity is known as electrolysis. This reaction takes place in a device known as an electrolyzer.

What happens in electrolysis at anode?

The anode is the positive polarity contact in an electrolytic cell and is where oxidation occurs. The electrical potential forces anions (negative ions) to react chemically and give off electrons (oxidation) at the anode, which then flow up and into the drive circuit.

Reaction at anode:

[tex]2H_2O[/tex]   →   [tex]O_2 + 4H^+ + 4e^-[/tex]

Time = 5mins = 5 * 60s = 300s

Charge Q = I * T (current * Time)

Q = 0.0250 * 300 = 7.5C

Charge of single electron = [tex]1.6 * 10^-^1^9 C[/tex]

no. of electrons = total charge Q / charge on single electron

no. of electrons = 7.5 /  [tex]1.6 * 10^-^1^9 C[/tex] = [tex]4.69 * 10^1^9[/tex]

Moles of electrons = no. of electrons / Avagadro no.

Moles of electrons = [tex]\frac{4.69 * 10^1^9 }{6.022 * 10^2^3}[/tex] = [tex]7.78* 10 ^-^5[/tex]

Given :

volume of solution = 80.0ml = 0.080l

According to the above reaction,

No of mole of [tex]e^-[/tex] = No. of mole of [tex]H^+[/tex]

Molarity of  [tex]H^+[/tex] = moles of  [tex]H^+[/tex] / volume of solution

Molarity of  [tex]H^+[/tex] = [tex]\frac{7.78 * 10^-^5}{0.080}[/tex] = [tex]9.73 * 10^-^4M[/tex]

So,

pH = -log ([tex]H^+[/tex])   = -log( [tex]9.73 * 10^-^4M[/tex])

pH = 3.01

The pH in the anode compartment is 3.01.

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The amount of heat released is -55 kJ which can be calculated using the number of moles and the enthalpy of vaporization.

At constant pressure, the amount of heat that is released or absorbed is identical to the enthalpy change.

It can be expressed as follows:

q= ΔHvap

Here,  q represents the heat change and  ΔHvap represents the enthalpy change.

The amount of heat released can be calculated as follows:

q= ΔHvap×n

q=(-220 kJ/mol)×0.25 mol

q=-55 kJ

Therefore, the amount of heat released is -55 kJ.

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The amount of table salt in one serving or 155g of chips is 0.608g if the sample of chips used to make the filtrate weighed 75.5 kg.

By undergoing titration by Mohr's method with AgNO₃ and KCl, The chemical reaction is given by,

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) --> AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

No moles of KCI are given by W/G.M.Wt

= 0.5/74.55

= 0.006707 moles of KCI

Then, from the reaction,

no of moles of KCI = no of moles of AgNO₃

Therefore,

molarity of AgNO₃ = no of moles/volume in L

= 0.006707/0.0625

= 0.107312M

47.2 ml of AgNO₃ solution to precipitate all of the chlorides.

Then, no of moles of Cl⁻ = molarity x volume in L

On substituting,

= 0.107312*0.0472

= 0.005065 moles

no of moles of Cl⁻ = no of moles of NaCl

mass of NaCl = no of moles of NaCl x gram molar mass of NaCl

 = 0.005065 x 58.5

 = 0.2963g of NaCl

155/75.5. = 2.05298013 chips

2.05298013x 0.2963 = 0.608298013 g

Therefore, 0.608g of NaCl is in 115g of chips.

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Generally speaking, using the materials and the images provided, I was able to identify the majority of the compounds, though not positively 100% because some compounds do not appear using only NMR spectroscopy.

NMR spectroscopy uses NMR phenomena to investigate the material's physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. To ascertain the identity and structure of molecules, chemists use it. For diagnostic purposes, medical professionals use the multidimensional NMR imaging technique known as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Compounds are defined as substances with two or more constituent parts. Table salt, carbon dioxide, and water are examples of compounds.

A compound in chemistry is a substance made up of two or more different chemical elements mixed together in a specific proportion. Chemical bonds that cannot be broken are created when elements are combined.

When electrons are shared or traded between atoms, these bonds are created.

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Compared to the particles in a hardened lava sample the particles in a liquid lava sample are moving faster.

Lava is a mixture of the elements silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and titanium, as well as other elements in very minute amounts. Consider reading the background material in Minerals, Magma, and Volcanic Rocks. Lava is a liquid that solidifies into rock when it cools. BACKGROUND: On the surface of the earth, lava is a liquid form of molten rock. Extreme heat inside the Earth's crust causes lava to develop, which then explodes to create volcanoes. Geothermal energy can be extracted and used in a variety of ways because it can be found on the Earth's surface in various forms (such as dry heat, steam vents, lava, and geysers).

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As a result, the total pressure inside the container was 66 atm, which is the partial pressure of helium and oxygen.

Chemical element helium has the atomic number 2 and the symbol He. It is the first member of the noble gas group in the periodic table and is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas. Two electrons, two protons, and typically two neutrons make up the element helium. It is an inert gas that has no color or smell. The byproduct of both fusion and fission is helium. Helium was found in the sun's spectrogram for the first time in 1868.

The most well-known application of helium is as a secure, inflammable gas used to inflate balloons for celebrations and parades. Helium is a crucial element in a variety of industries, including national defense, high-tech manufacturing, medical technology, and scientific research.

Discovery of helium on August 18 and October 20, 1868. Helium was discovered by Joseph Norman Lockyer and Pierre Janssen (top and bottom). Helium, which is produced by the radioactive decay of atoms like uranium, is the second most plentiful element in the observable universe but is very uncommon on Earth.

As a result, the partial pressures of the component gases are added to determine the overall pressure of the gas mixture: The total number of moles in the gas mixture, or ntot, is equal to the sum of all ni. Ptot = Pi = P1 + P2 + P3...

Ptot = ∑Pi = P1 + P2 + P3

=12+24+5+25

=66atm

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The nucleus in question has a binding energy of 7.88 MeV/nucleon.

The subatomic particles that make up an atom's nucleus are known as nucleons. Protons and neutrons are nuclear particles.

We are given a nucleus having representation:   206 Pb

Number of protons = 82

Number. of neutrons. = 206 - 82 = 124  

Δm = [(np × mp) + (nn × mn) - M

where,

np = number of protons = 82  

mp = mass of one proton  = 1.007825 amu

nn = number of neutrons  = 124  

mn = mass of one neutron = 1.008665 amu

M = nuclear mass = 205.974440 amu  

Δm = [(82 × 1.0078725) + (124 × 1.008665)] - 205.974440

Δm = 1.74167amu

the binding energy of the nucleus, we use the equation:

E = Δm[tex]c^{2}[/tex]

E = (1.74167u) × [tex]c^{2}[/tex]

E = 1622.36MeV

1u = 931.5 MeV/[tex]c^{2}[/tex]

Number of nucleons in Fe atom = 206

the number of nucleons divided by the binding energy per nucleon yields:

Binding energy per nucleon = binding energy /nucleons = 7.88MeV/nucleon

binding energy is the amount of energy needed to separate a particle from a system of particles or to disperse all the particles in the system. Particularly relevant cases of binding energy include subatomic particles in atomic nuclei, electrons attached to atoms' nuclei, and atoms and ions bonded together in crystals.

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Answer:

How much energy does it take to melt 50g of ice at 0°C?

The amount of energy required to melt 50g of ice at 0°C is approximately 334 Joules.

Since I2 was larger with more electrons, it has greater forces than N2, that is also nonpolar and only has London dispersion forces.

Fuel cells may produce energy, power, and heat using hydrogen. The two industries where hydrogen is currently most widely employed are fertilizer manufacturing and petroleum refining, with the developing markets of utilities and transportation.

Experts disagree whether consuming hydrogen water has any hazards. However, they were unsure if its advantages outweigh those of drinking regular water or being hydrated in general. Hypovolemia, which can be fatal, can result from excessive water intake.

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At equilibrium, the percentage of each form of glucose present in the aqueous solution depends on the pH of the solution.

At a pH of about 0-4, the open-chain form of glucose (aldose) is the dominant form and is present in a concentration of about 95%.

At a pH of about 5-7, the cyclic forms of glucose (aldohexoses) are the dominant form and are present in a concentration of about 60-70%.

At a pH of 8 or higher, the open-chain form of glucose is again the dominant form, being present in a concentration of about 95%.

The percentage of each form of glucose present in any aqueous solution is also affected by the presence of other molecules and ions in the solution, as well as the temperature and pressure.

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in the photograph, where acoustic foam covers the walls. The porous foam is designed with an irregular surface and the reason for the use of foam such as acoustic foam is that Smaller, quieter offices might only need a few installations, while more hectic environments might call for a whole acoustic paneling system.

A group of small bubbles known as foam are produced by foaming chemicals. To generate foam, though, you also need water and air. The real function of foam is to prolong the time that a filthy surface is in touch with it, giving wetting agents, detergents, and degreasers time to work.

Therefore, note that acoustic panel is a sound-absorbing panel used to lessen echo and reverberation in a space as well as background noise. We use the term "acoustic panel" in the broadest sense possible, which includes both vertical and horizontal panels.

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The rate constant for the nuclide is 0.388

What is nuclear?

Atomic nuclei can transform into new nuclei, and this process is the subject of nuclear chemistry. Nuclear processes cause the atom itself to change. Nuclear reactions are accompanied by changes in energy, just like regular chemical processes.

Nuclear chemistry is the study of internal atomic or nuclear processes. There are many research fields where nuclear chemists can be found, such as nuclear engineering or nuclear imaging in medicine (in power generation).

The rate constant for a first-order reaction is determined by the following equation:

k = -ln(A/A0)/t

where A is the final amount of the nuclide, A0 is the initial amount of the nuclide, and t is the time.

Therefore, the rate constant for the nuclide is:

k = -ln(12.1/45.0)/3.40 = 0.388

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All possible downward transitions for an electron in the 3d state are 1s 2s 2p 3s and 3p

In chemistry, the transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is usually defined as the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate. It is often marked with the double dagger

In an atom, electrons can transition up or down depending on whether they absorb energy or emit energy. Electrons naturally want to be in the lowest possible energy state.

In an atom, electrons can transition up or down depending on whether they absorb energy or emit energy. Electrons naturally want to be in the lowest possible energy state.

Downward transitions would be possible to any lower energy level than the one the electron starts in, so all possible downward transitions for an electron in the 3d state are 1s 2s 2p 3s and 3p.

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The average reservoir pressure just before the initiation of a flame event, as well as the greatest normal operating pressure at a specific point in the system.

What is a good instance of pressure?

Holding a knife against a piece of fruit will demonstrate pressure in an easy way. It won't cut the surface of the fruit if you press the flat part of the knife against it. A sizable area is affected by the force (low pressure)

What are the many sorts of pressure?

The force applied physically to an object is referred to as pressure. Per unit area, the force is applied perpendicularly to the surfaces of the objects. The fundamental pressure formula is F/A. (Force per unit area). measure of pressure

Briefing:

W = 352 joule & n = 0.325 & T by kelvin = 22+273 = 295 K & Pf= 1.76

352 = (0.325 x 8.314 x 295)㏑(Pi/Pf)

∴㏑(Pi/Pf) = -352 / (0.325 x 8.314 x 295)

㏑(Pi/Pf) = - 0.44

Pi/Pf = 0.644

∴ Pi =1.76 x 0.644 = 1.13 atm

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When a material is cooled from a temperature of 225 ° c temperature to 25 oC, 160 j worth heat energy are released. H=0.17 J/g*C is the metal's specific heat capacity if its mass is 5.0 g.

Heat is the interchange of "thermal" energy caused by a temperature difference. Consider a system that is isolated and has two components that are initially running at different temperatures. Energy is transmitted from the large heat subsystem 2 to the cooler temperature subsystem.

heat energy=160 J released

=5.0 g metal

=A temperature change of (225-35) or 190C.

=160J/(5.0g*190C) = 0.1684 J/g*C

H= 0.17 J/g*C

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After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of B. ATP

The most basic kind of sugar, monosaccharides only have one kind of sugar molecule. The simplest sugar is glucose, which is also your body's primary energy source. In tests to determine blood sugar levels, sugar is measured. Fructose and galactose, two more monosaccharides, are converted into glucose via metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). For instance, ATP is necessary for both breathing and keeping your heart beating. As well as assisting in the synthesis of lipids and nerve impulses, ATP also facilitates the entry and exit of certain molecules from cells. Even some living things, including bioluminescent creatures like jellyfish and fireflies, use ATP to create light!

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Chloroform's melting or boiling heat is 335.11K given that it has a standard temperature of absorption of 31. 4 kJ/mole or a conventional efficiency of 93. 7 j/mole/K.

A chemical known as a solvent, or one that facilitates the dissolving of other substances, is formaldehyde. Along with being used in the architecture, paper, and board industries, it is also used in the production of insecticides and films. It functions as a solvent for polishes, floor polish, varnishes, glue, alkaloid, fats, and oils, as well as rubber.

Given:

Enthalpy of vaporization (Δ[tex]H_{vap}[/tex] ) = 31.4kj/mole = 31400 j/mole

Entropy of chloroform (ΔS) = 93.7j/mole.k

We know that,

ΔS = ΔH/T

T = ΔH/ΔS

T= 31400/93.7

T = 335.11K

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here is the following explanation part:

However, I found similar question to this one, and hope this can helps you. If it's other compound and reactive, tell me to fix it

Now, according to picture 1 (the question), we have alkene reacting with the acid.

This are conditions for reactions similar to the SN1 reactions, so, this reaction follows marknonikov's rule which states that hydrogen will always go to carbon with more hydrogens, while the halide, will goe to the most stable carbon cation.

According to this, mechanism, intermediates and product of reaction is as follow in picture 2.

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when an electron in an atom of hydrogen moves from the second to the first principal energy leave, the result is the emission of energy.

Energy, which is observable in the execution of labour as well as in the form of heat and light, is the quantitative quality that is transferred to a body or to a physical system in physics. Energy is a preserved resource; according to the rule of conservation of energy, energy can only be transformed from one form to another and cannot be created or destroyed.

It  is released when electron jump back from higher energy state to lower energy state.

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The molarity of the h2so4 solution is 0.149mol/l.

What is molarity?

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution is known as molarity or molar concentration. It is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the total volume of liters of solution.

What is titration?

Titration is the steady addition of a known concentration solution (called a titrant) to a known volume of an unknown concentration solution until the reaction approaches neutrality, which is sometimes signaled by a color change.

According to the question,

2 KOH + H2SO4   →    K2SO4 + 2 H2O

No. moles [tex]NaOH[/tex] = [tex]\frac{42.6 * 0.14}{1000}[/tex][tex]\frac{42.6 * 0.14}{1000}[/tex] = [tex]5.96 * 10^-^3[/tex]

From the equation we can see that the no. moles of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] must be half that amount so:

No. of moles [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] = [tex]5.96 * 10^-^3[/tex] / 2 = [tex]2.98 * 10^-^3[/tex]

[tex]c = \frac{n}{v}[/tex] So,

[tex][H_2SO_4][/tex] = [tex]\frac{2.98 * 10^-^3}{20 * 10^-^3}[/tex] = 0.149mol/l

The molarity of the h2so4 solution is 0.149mol/l.

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A mixture of neon and helium gases, at a total pressure of 798 mm hg, contains 3.93 grams of neon and 0.228 grams of helium. the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture is neon = 6146.46 mmHg and helium = 175.56 mmHg.

given that :

total pressure = 798 mmHg

mass of neon = 3.93 g

mass of helium = 0.228 g

moles of neon = mass / molar mass

                        = 3.93 / 20

                        =0.196 mol

moles of helium = 0.228 / 4 = 0.057 mol

total moles = 0.253

mole fraction of neon = 0.196 / 0.253

                                    = 0.77

mole fraction of helium = 0.057 / 0.253 = 0.22

the partial pressure of neon = mole fraction × total pressure

                                              = 0.77  × 798

                                              = 614.46 mmHg

the partial pressure of the helium =  mole fraction × total pressure

                                                        = 0.22 × 798

                                                        = 175.56 mmHg

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Extra crucial systems incorporate a double bond, ensuing in a formal price of 0 on P, zero at the double-bonded O, and -1 on different O atoms.

Bond length or bond distance is defined due to the common distance among nuclei of bonded atoms in a molecule. it's miles a transferable belonging of a bond between atoms of consistent kinds, surprisingly independent of the relaxation of the molecule.

The bond period is defined due to the equilibrium distance between the nuclei of bonded atoms in a molecule. the larger the size of the atom, the longer the bond duration.

The longest bond is considered to be a carbon-carbon bond, found in diamonds. Its length is 154 pm. The carbon atoms bonded via covalent bonds.

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To write the correct notation for the particular anion or cation, one should know/remember the atomic number of that particular atom, which is a electrons no.around the nucleus. For eg. Phosphorus (P) at.no. is 15

now P^+3 means phosphorus is lost 3e- then total e- will be 12e- around the nucleus

and P^-3 means phosphorus is gaining 3e- the we need to add 3e- to its at. no.

similarly we can write for any anion or cation based on its atomic no. and its oxidation states

(i) 12+ => Mg, 15+ => P

(a) Mg

(b) Mg^2+

(c) P

(d) Mg^2-

(e) P^3+

(f) P^3-

(ii) Be^2+ = He, N^3- = Ne, Mg^2+ = Ne, S^2- = Ar, Al^3+ = Ne, Br^- = Kr, Se^2 = Kr

(iii) Ion has 54 electrons, charge +2

=> atomic number = number of protons = 54 + 2 = 56

Element is Ba

Vitamin D receptor activation is known to enhance calcium and phosphorus absorption in the small intestine and to mildly increase calcium and phosphorus resorption in the skeleton as well as calcium absorption in the kidney [9].

Unattached or attached to an atom, an electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle (not bound). One of the three main types of particles inside an atom, along with protons and neutrons, is an electron that is linked to the atom.

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False, A halogen's outer orbitals are more polarizable since they are located further from the nucleus.

You'll see that the outer shells of the atoms fluorine and chlorine both have seven electrons. All the halogens share that property of having seven electrons. All of them are only one electron short of having complete shells.

Ionization force It is the amount of energy needed to separate one mole of gaseous atoms from one mole of electrons. Non-metals called halogens have seven valence electrons. Due to their lack of a tendency to lose electrons, halogens have exceptionally high ionization energies.

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