How did the Mongols change the political and economic landscape of Eurasia?

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Answer 1

Answer:

Durante el siglo XIII los mongoles crearon el más grande de todos los imperios euroasiáticos, que en su momento culminante se extendía desde las fronteras de Polonia hasta el Mar del Este/Mar del Japón y desde los bosques de Siberia hasta el Golfo Pérsico. Como tantos otros imperios de las estepas, se originó en los pastos de Mongolia y el oeste de Manchuria. Los mongoles inicialmente siguieron el esquema de las anteriores confederaciones nómadas como la de los xiongnu, que se habían dedicado a los intercambios de beneficio mutuo con sus vecinos sedentarios, los Han, y controlaban el comercio de las rutas de la seda. A diferencia de los xiongnu, sin embargo, los mongoles conquistarían gran parte de los principales centros sedentarios que producían los bienes con los que se comerciaba de una lado a otro de Eurasia. El resultado tuvo sus pros y contras. Algunas áreas nunca se recuperaron del golpe de la invasión, mientras otras florecieron. Se reclutaron artesanos en masa, conduciendo a la decadencia económica a sus antiguos hogares pero desarrollando los lugares donde fueron forzados a reasentarse. Como el viaje de algunos europeos como Marco Polo a través de Asia atestigua, durante un tiempo se puede hablar de Pax Mongolica en las rutas comerciales, aunque sus beneficios fueron lejos de uniformes.

El Imperio mongol fue creado por Gengis Khan (m. 1227), que recibió el título de “Emperador Universal” cuando unificó las tribus mongolas en 1206. Pasó los siguientes años realizando campañas contra los soberanos Qin (jurchen) del norte de China (Beijing cayó en 1215). En 1219-1220 marchó hacia el oeste, destruyendo el reino de Khwarezm (al sur del Mar de Aral), como respuesta al asesinato de una misión comercial que había enviado. Como en otros ejemplos, podemos ver aquí la importancia del comercio para los mongoles. Sus enterramientos en los siglos XIII y XIV atestiguan el gusto que habían adquirido por los objetos de lujo de los centros urbanos y la fusión cultural, que fue el legado a largo término de la histórica interacción entre nómadas y sedentarios.

Después de la muerte de Gengis, la capital mongol se ubicó en Karakorum sobre el río Orhon en Mongolia, no lejos de donde los nómadas uyghures tuvieron en el siglo IX su capital. Una fascinante descripción de la vida mongol y de sus modestos pero cosmopolitas pueblos puede encontrarse en un relato contemporáneo de la década de 1350 escrito por el monje franciscano Guillermo de Rubruck. Es de particular interés su testimonio en relación a la apertura de los mongoles a las diversas fes, incluyendo el Cristianismo nestoriano.

Hacia 1260 cuando el nieto de Gengis, Qubilai (Khubilai), se convirtió en khan, el imperio se había expandido hasta abarcar gran parte del este de Europa (la región conocida como la “Horda de Oro”) y gran parte de Oriente Medio (el estado Ilkhánida). El área central del imperio estaba gobernada por los descendientes del hijo de Gengis, Chagatai. Qubilai pasaría casi las dos primeras décadas de su reinado sometiendo China, hasta que finalmente lo consiguió en 1271; el periodo de dominio mongol se conoce con el nombre de dinastía Yuan. Intentaría también conquistar sin éxito Japón y todo el Sudeste asiático. Esta focalización de sus esfuerzos hacia Oriente, simbolizada por su traslado de la capital a Beijing en la década de 1260, coincide con la pérdida de los lazos que mantenían unido el imperio. A finales del siglo XIII, sus diversas partes se independizaron y empezaron incluso a competir por el control de las rutas comerciales.

Marco Polo, que tiene una clara inclinación pro-mongol, proporciona una vívida descripción de prosperidad en el reino de Qubilai en las décadas de 1270 y 1280. Una imagen similar es descrita para otras partes del imperio al menos hacia 1330 por otro famoso viajero, el marroquí Ibn Battuta. Describió las florecientes ciudades de la Horda de Oro, cuyo comercio a través del Mar Negro fue controlado por los genoveses. En el mismo periodo, un agente comercial florentino, Pegolotti, proporciona una detallada descripción de los mercados de Constantinopla, que incluso en su declive disfrutaba de las mercancías de toda Asia. Pegolotti informaba "El camino que recorres desde Tana [en el mar de Azov en la desembocadura del río Don] hasta Cathay es perfectamente seguro, tanto de día como de noche, según lo que los mercaderes dicen haber experimentado.” La presencia en China de italianos, tanto mercaderes como misioneros, en este periodo está bien documentada.

Hacia 1330, el estado Ilkhánida se desintegró y los Chagatayids quedaron sumidos en el desorden. La dinastía Yuan en China se derrumbó en 1368, y el último de los estados mongoles, la Horda de Oro, fue en gran parte destruido por el siguiente creador de un gran imperio en Asia Interior, Tamerlán. Sin embargo durante algo más de un siglo, los mongoles habían presidido sobre lo que probablemente fue el momento culminante del comercio terrestre por la Ruta de la Seda.

Answer 2
Perdón que no pude ayudar pero espero lo agares bien

Related Questions

can someone help me plss i give points and brainlist ):

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

✨✨PLEASE HELP✨✨
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST

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Answer:

lobbying i believe

Explanation:

What was the U.S.A doing with hawaii before they annexed it?

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How did Hawaii come to be annexed to the United States?

The Hawaiian islands were the clear choice, and this time Congress moved to annex the Hawaiian islands by Joint Resolution, a process requiring only a simple majority in both houses of Congress. On July 12, 1898, the Joint Resolution passed and the Hawaiian islands were officially annexed by the United States

Please read the second paragraph. What is the main point of this paragraph? Put it in your own words .


WILL MARK BRAINLIEST

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Answer: If an object or something that is beneficial to the public the person who made it can improve it for his liking

Explanation:

How did U.S. isolationism and the devastation of the Great Depression allow totalitarians to rise in power?

Answers

Answer:

Totalitarianism and the

Rise of the Dictators (1920s–1930s)

You Mean Dictators Have Multiple Ways to Control People?

Totalitarianism

A totalitarian ruler leads a government that maintains complete control over every

part of public and private life of the citizens in that country. The economic problems

that resulted from World War I and the Depression led people to question

whether democratic government could improve their lives. Totalitarian

governments appeared to provide a sense of security and offered a

strong direction for the future.

Both Communism and Fascism used aspects of totalitarianism

as part of their governments. In general, both used dictators, only

allowed one political party, and denied many individual rights.

Police terror was used for control and to get rid of any opposition.

Controlling media sources (newspapers, television, radio etc.)

with propaganda and limiting what was reported helped influence

what people thought. However, Fascism believed in an extreme form

of nationalism and pride in the country, while Communism focused on

the spread of their beliefs worldwide. Communism did not allow private

property and eliminated social classes. Fascism believed that each class

had a role to play in society and supported private property. During the 1920s

and 1930s, four major totalitarian governments developed – one was Communist,

The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin

After Vladimir Lenin’s death, Joseph Stalin took power. He wanted to strengthen his power and the Communist state. He used

his secret police to stop any riots and arrest or kill anyone who spoke out against him. In 1933, he began the Great Purge to

Characteristics of Fascism

Source: https://splashmans.wikispaces.com/Unit+6+-+The+Interwar+Period

Soviet Propaganda Poster

Source: http://christiewaf.weebly.com/

propaganda.html

the other three were Fascist.

eliminate his political rivals in the Communist Party and the government. He knew that in order to

compete with other modern countries, the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union) needed to fix its economy. He

began a series of Five Year Plans to improve the Soviet Union’s industries. Production of steel,

coal, and oil increased dramatically, but Stalin set impossibly high production rates. Stalin took

control of all privately owned farms and began a program of collectivization. Hundreds of families

worked the collective farms to produce food for the country. Many landowners and peasants

resisted by destroying fields and killing their cattle and sheep. Millions died as a result of famine

from the damages and also attacks by the secret police to stop the rebellions. By the mid-1930s

Stalin changed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state and made it into an industrial power.

Italy under Benito Mussolini

In the early 1920s, Italy was struggling economically and politically. Benito Mussolini’s Fascist

Party fought with the Communists for political power and won. Mussolini promised to restore the

power and glory of the Roman Empire. One way to do this was to expand Italy’s empire. In 1935, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in

East Africa. Italy continued to expand by invading Albania in 1939. These invasions elevated Mussolini’s popularity and control.

Japan under Emperor Hirohito and Hideki Tojo

When the Great Depression hit Japan, many Japanese blamed the government for the economic problems. Military leaders

gained public support and won control of the government. Because the military kept Emperor Hirohito as the symbolic leader,

Totalitarianism and Rise of the Dictators (cont.) WHII 11

FCPS HS Social Studies © 2014

Connection to Today

Can you think of any other leaders in the world today that are

totalitarian dictators? Explain your answer.

Resources

ABC-CLIO

● Totalitarianism:

http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/311210?terms=totalitarian

● Fascism

http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/310453?terms=fascist

Key Vocabulary

Totalitarianism: a government where the

state has complete control over every part of

public and private life

Communism: a society with no classes or

private property and all businesses are run

by the government

Anti-Semitism: prejudice against Jews

Fascism: a political belief that focuses on

extreme nationalism and a dictatorship of one

leader with only one party

Propaganda: information or material that is

spread to make people feel a certain way

Great Purge: time period in the Soviet Union

when Stalin tried to get rid of all opposition to

his leadership

Five-Year Plans: plan by Stalin to improve

industrialization in the Soviet Union

Collectivization: large government controlled

farms made up of smaller farms, usually found

in a Communist society

Reparations: the compensation for war

damage paid by a defeated state

Explanation:

The 1930s' economic problems had a global reach and impact. In many places of the world, political instability was a result of economic instability. In consequence, political chaos paved the way for autocratic administrations to emerge.(The Soviet Union and Italy had totalitarian governments before the Great Depression.)

What is isolationism?

A national foreign policy that advocates against getting involved in the political issues, and notably the wars, of other nations is known as isolationism.

As a result, isolationism is fundamentally against joining military alliances and agreements on mutual defense. Isolationism, in its purest form, opposes all relationships to other nations, including treaties and commercial agreements. This sets isolationism apart from non-interventionism, which also promotes military neutrality but does not necessarily oppose treaties and international agreements in general. This is in contrast to ideologies like liberal internationalism, expansionism, and colonialism.

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Brainliest and 50 points if its YOUR OWN ANSWER, NOT COPIED FROM SOMEWHERE ELSE. Listen I literally just asked this question and both people copied and pasted a response ive seen on someone else's questions before... unique and legitimate responses only please guys. so I'm going to try this one more time...

APUSH Writing assignment: Explain how the industrial city developed during the late nineteenth century in the following areas: (like write a paragraph please please please)

Layout and transportation networks
Ethnic diversity
Entertainment and culture

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Answer:

lay out and transportation links, canals helped transport goods in between cities and into cities for imports and also exported them, with this came the ability to travel quicker therefore more ethnic groups began migrating around the country to different cities increasing the ethnic diversity

What is India's Biggest Geography Problem? (PLEASE HURRY!!)

Answers

Answer:

The biggest problem in India is the uneven distribution of land, people, and resources.

Answer: The biggest problem in India is the uneven distribution of land, people, and resources.

Explanation:

ASAP PLEASE HELP ME!!!!!!!!!!
Why do you think Claudette Colvin isn't as well known as Rosa Parks?

Answers

Answer:

because she wasnt wrote on as much as rosa parks did and she did something but not as big as rosa parks did.

Explanation:

rosa parks was more well known,

Why was the Cleveland Massacre significant in the formation of Standard Oil?

A. Standard Oil significantly improved its business practices after the Cleveland Massacre.

B. Standard Oil was bought out by other Cleveland companies after the Massacre.

C. Standard Oil closed down after the Cleveland Massacre.

D. Standard Oil became a monopoly in the Cleveland oil market after the Massacre.

Answers

Answer:

its  D

Explanation

correct on edg

Which statement makes a true comparison of the 1824 and 1828 elections? (5 points) a Andrew Jackson became President after the 1824 Election b Anti-Slavery leaders in Massachusetts would likely support Adams over Jackson c The election of 1828 included Henry Clay and William Crawford d More people voted in the election of 1824 than they did in 1828.

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

i need help on this question. someone?

Answers

Answer:

third question

Explanation:

Answer:

is the third question I hope is good

What did shays rebellion show America about its government under the articles of confederation

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Answer:

Shay's Rebellion showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. When the central government couldn't put down the rebellion, the first stirrings of federalism began to gather strength. ... The government gave most powers to the states, and the central government consisted only of a legislature.

Explanation:

I HOPE THIS HELPS * :)

CAN SOMEONE HELP ME PLS I GIVE BRAINLIST AND MANY POINTS

Answers

Answer:

D: Feudalism

Explanation:

A, B, and C are all present in FLIPRCS. The F is Federalism, not Feudalism.

Hope this helped

Feudalism would not be included in the pneumonic FLIPRCS. Thus, option D is correct.

What is FLIPRCS?

Force, Leverage, Incentive, Pressure, Reward, Consequence, and Strategy are the acronyms for FLIPRCS. It serves as a mnemonic device for the seven components of efficient customer service.

It is present to aid pupils in remembering the fundamental concepts of Representative government, Federalism, Limited Government, Individual Freedom, Popular Sovereign, and the division of power.

Under a feudal system of political and social organization, the land is owned in return for labor or other forms of service. It has nothing to do with the mnemonic FLIPRCS, used to remember the seven steps of good customer service.

Therefore, option D is the correct option.

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The foot is labeled "the powers" what is meant by the powers?

Answers

The foot is labeled "the power" which means American imperialism in China.

Explanation:

In the late 1800s, America began to practice imperialism, which began to look to the Pacific.

Western influence in Asia expanded during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. Increased contact with Western ideas and institutions had a profound impact on Asian societies.At first, American interest in China was economic, as they looked for new markets to buy goods.In the 19th century, imperialistic powers competing for financial dominance in China, most notably  Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Russia and the U.S. America being worried about their financial interests, introduced the Open Door Policy. The Open Door Policy introduce by the United States to prevent other Nations from gaining control over China in 1899. Despite bringing the message of peace in China, Chinese people have to suffer at the hands of western influence.

Therefore we can conclude from this cartoon that China was also not left behind when it came to imperialism.

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PLEASE HELP !!!! YOU ALSO GET POINTS FOR ANSWERING !!!

Why do you think people didn't study African History?

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History was written in favor of the Europeans/European colonizers

Compare and contrast the regions: New England, Middle and Southern colonies. (include
weather, soil, area, etc.)

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Oou I need this question too have someone answered it ?

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Catholic attempt to convince people to return to the Catholic Church

Answers

Answer:

Counter-Reformation

Explanation:

The Protestant Reformation affect the Roman Catholic Church badly by seriously limiting the power of the Roman Catholic Church as there were lost land and wealth.

Catholic Counter Reformation brought about a stop to the widespread of Protestantism movement. Their major aim for the reform is to stop the spread of Protestantism and to execute some major changes on themselves. The success of the reform incredibly stop the spread of protestantism in Europe and change or reverses it in some places. The achieved goal was The catholic reformation, which was about reforming the catholic church and The countermeasures against the protestants doctrine.

Answer:

Counter-Reformation

Explanation:

How has Islamic culture had an impact on global culture?

Answers

Answer:

Islam, followed by more than a billion people today, is the world's fastest growing religion and will soon be the world's largest. The 1.2 billion Muslims make up approximately one quarter of the world's population, and the Muslim population of the United States now outnumbers that of Episcopalians.

A reason the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory was that
it contained the Port of New Orleans.
it provided settlers access to the Pacific Ocean.
it was owned by Spain.
it increased US land east of the Mississippi

Answers

Answer:

it increased US land east of the Mississippi

Explanation:

President Jefferson's motive for buying Louisiana territory is for further expansion of lands.

East of Louisiana is Mississipi.

edit: Port of New Orleans is Louisiana's only international container port so the answer is A.

Answer:

Port of New Orleans is Louisiana's only international container port so the answer is A.

Explanation:



Critical Thinking
1. Analyze Visuals of the examples, which do you think
would have been most effective as propaganda?
Why?

Answers

The emotional appeals and persuasive narratives would have been the most effective forms of propaganda.

How can emotional appeals and persuasive narratives be effective?

The emotional appeals and persuasive narratives have proven to be highly effective in propaganda because they tap into people's emotions, beliefs and values.

By using compelling stories, imagery and relatable characters, propaganda can evoke strong emotional responses such as fear, anger or patriotism

These techniques have been successfully employed throughout history to sway public opinion, rally support for causes, and shape collective attitudes.

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Which three European countries have claims in North America?

Please Be Right.

Answers

Answer:

Colonies in North America were established by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands. Every nation had distinct colonization motives and perceptions about the potential benefits.

Explanation:

the answer is britain , france and spain ( and the netherlands )

The scientific revolution can trace its roots to _____.

Answers

Answer:

The renaissance?

Explanation:

This is a guess.. I'm pretty sure it lead to the Enlightenment... so i think this was what was before...

what is containment of france?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:Containment of France was one of the issues on the agenda, as no European leader wanted to see French armies marching victoriously through Europe once more. The intention was to create a defensive belt around France to discourage future French aggression.

technology in northen and southern state.?

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recession, economic slow-down, a stagnant economy - these are all terms that seem to permeate most of what we read, hear, or see in various media these days. While it is true that many indicators point toward economic distress in this country, it is also obvious that strategic business decision-makers continue to plan for life beyond 2008. In fact, through these challenging economic conditions, these decision-makers have been establishing and continue to locate and open critical business operations, creating significant jobs and investing billions of dollars in the U.S. economy.

Why was John Adam called a traitor and why was John Adam called a patriot?

Answers

Answer:

Adams quickly became identified with the patriot cause, initially as the result of his opposition to the Stamp Act of 1765.

Adams was also blamed both for actions he took during his term in office and for a supposed turn in political philosophy to favor aristocracy and monarchy over republicanism and democracy due to his opposition to the French Revolution.

Explanation:

Who was the first to mixed British queen? ​

Answers

Answer:

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Explanation:

queen consort of great Britain and Ireland Electress/queen consort of Hanover

Tenure-September 8th 1761-November 17th 1818

coronation-September 22nd 1761

What was “Bloody Sunday”?
A. The mass lynching of black protestors after the Civil Rights Act
B. The attack on buses meant to test desegregation laws on interstate buses
C. Police beatings of peaceful marchers in Selma, Alabama
D. The bombing of a black church during a service in Birmingham, Alabama

Answers

Answer:

I think the answer is (C. Police beatings of peaceful marchers in Selma, Alabama)

Which characteristic best describes the revolutions of 1848?
A Pro-monarchy
B Unsuccessful
C Successful
D Inspirational

Answers

Answer:

A Pro-monarchy

Explanation:

Hope this helps

The following passage is from a historical account written by William Bradford titled "Of Plymouth Plantation."

That when they came ashore they would use their own liberty, for none had power to command them...

How did this decision affect the Mayflower Compact?

A.The colonists established a limited monarchy.

B.The colonists established an autocracy.

C.The colonists chose self-government.

D.The colonists chose natural law.​

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

the colonists would remain loyal subjects to King James, despite their need for self-governance.

The way the decision would impact the Mayflower would be:

A). The colonists established a limited monarchy.

Mayflower Compact

Mayflower compact is described as the agreement that stated initially about the foundation of self-governance.

The agreement took place between the Plymouth's settlers to denote the initial charge of their colony on their own.

The restriction over the monarchy exemplify the establishment of this governance in the colony and that's how this decision affected the compact.

Thus, option A is the correct answer.

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All of the following are examples of the "total war" strategy EXCEPT taking food, crops and livestock using a farmland or town's trees for shelter or firewood preventing goods from entering or leaving a city taking over residences for quartering

Answers

Answer:

Preventing goods from entering or leaving the city

Explanation:

I took the test and got it right. Also because the soldiers would still need things to come for themselves.

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