The molarity of the solution that results when making dilution from 10.0 ml of bleach by the addition of 100.0 ml water is 0.061 M.
This problem is about stoichiometry. First, we have to calculate the mass of the bleach.
The volume of bleach = V = 10.0 mLThe density = ρ = 1.00 g/mLThe mass of the bleachFrom the bleach, we can calculate the mass of sodium hypochlorite.
Mass of the bleach = m = 10.0 gThe percentage = 5.0%The mass of sodium hypochlorite = m₁[tex]percentage \:=\: \frac{m_1}{m} \times 100\%[/tex]Then we can calculate the number of moles of sodium hypochlorite.
m₁ = 0.5 gramsMolar mass NaOCl = Mr = 74.44 g/molThe number of molesThe molarity for NaOCl
n = 0.0067 molVolume total for the solution
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which substance has the lower molar entropy? which substance has the lower molar entropy? they are both the same. there is no way to know. ne (g) at 298 k and 1.00 atm kr (g) at 298 k and 1.00 atm
The atomic mass of Kr > Ne, Kr has greater standard molar enthalpy, and Ne has lower standard molar enthalpy. For a given pair of molecules with similar properties, the one with greater atomic mass has a greater molar entropy. one with greater atomic mass has greater entropy under identical conditions of a number of moles, temperature and pressure.
What is Entropy?The amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that cannot be used to carry out beneficial work is known as entropy. Entropy is a measure of a system's molecular disorder or unpredictability since work is produced by organized molecular motion.
What is Enthalpy?Enthalpy, a characteristic of a thermodynamic system, is the result of adding the internal energy of the system and the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is utilized in several measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems under constant pressure.
Hence, the atomic mass of Kr > Ne, Kr has greater standard molar enthalpy, and Ne has lower standard molar enthalpy.
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what species are made at the anode and cathode, respectively, during the electrolysis of molten kbr? a) br⁻(aq) and k⁺(aq) b) k(l) and br⁻(aq) c) br₂(g) and k(l) d) br₂(g) kbr(l) e) br⁻(aq) k(l)
Br₂(g) and K(l) species are made at the anode and cathode, respectively, during the electrolysis of molten kbr .
The term "electrolysis" describes the use of an electric current to break down a chemical. An illustration of this is the deposit of sodium and chlorine at various electrodes when the current is run through molten sodium chloride. Thus, sodium and chlorine are formed as sodium chloride breaks down. The cathode, also known as the positive or oxidizing electrode, is reduced during the electrochemical reaction after receiving electrons from the external circuit. Cations (positively charged ions) give rise to cathodes, while anions give rise to anodes. The cathode is the electrode that is negatively charged in an electrical device.
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A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a _____ shape with a bond angle of _____ degrees.
A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a Linear shape with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
The geometry surrounding a central atom that is joined to two additional atoms (or ligands) at a bond angle of 180° is known as the linear molecular geometry in chemistry. When describing linear organic compounds with carbon centers, such as acetylene (HCCH), sp orbital hybridization is frequently used.
Linear geometry occurs at central atoms with two linked atoms and zero to three lone pairs (AX2 or AX2E3) in the AXE nomenclature, according to the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) hypothesis. Beryllium fluoride (FBeF) has two single bonds, carbon dioxide (O=C=O) has two double bonds, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has one single bond and one triple bond, all of which are neutral AX2 molecules.
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calculate the ph of 1.00 l of a buffer that is 1.00 m in acetic acid and 1.00 m in sodium acetate after the addition of 0.900 mole of naoh.
The ph of 1.00 l of a buffer that is 1.00 m in acetic acid and 1.00 m in sodium acetate after the addition of 0.900 mole of naoh is 5.28.
initial moles of sodium acetate = acetic acid = 1 m * 1 L = 1 moles
[ acetate ] after adding NaOH = 1 mol+ 0.55 mol = 1.55 M
[acetic acid] after adding NaOH = 1 mol - 0.55 mol = 0.45 M
According to Handerson-Hasselblach equation:
PH = Pka + ㏒ [ acetate]/[acetic acid]
when Pka = 4.74
so, by substitution:
∴PH = 4.74 + ㏒[1.55/0.45]
∴ PH = 5.28
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If a sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, MM = 98.09 g/mol) solution is completely neutralized with 61.37 mL of the NaOH solution above what was the mass in grams of sulfuric acid in the solution. Remember, you need a balanced chemical reaction for stoichiometry. (do not forget about SF)
The mass of the reacted sulfuric acid in solution is 3.01 g.
What is a reaction?The reaction that we have here involves the combination of an acid and a base and result of such a reaction is that we would have salt and water as the products.
From the equation of the reaction;
2 NaOH (aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) ----> Na₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 H₂O (l)
We can see that the mole ratio of the reaction is 2:1
Number of moles of sodium hydroxide = concentration * volume in liters
If the concentration of the NaOH solution is 1.0 M
Moles of NaOH reacted = 1.0 * 61.37 mL * 1 L / 1000 mL
= 0.06137 moles
Moles of H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0614 / 2
= 0.0307 moles
Mass of H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0307 * 98.09
= 3.01 g
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Identify the products of the reaction that will be carried out in biodiesel synthesis lab:
A. Fatty esters
B. Sodium hydroxide
C. Propane-1,2,3-triol
D. Triglyceride
E. Methanol
Transesterification is a three-step process where a triglyceride is converted into diglycerides, followed by monoglycerides, in a sequential order.
What are fatty acids?Fatty acid may be defined as an organic compound that generally consists of a straight chain of carbon atoms, with hydrogen atoms along the length of the chain and at one end of the chain and a carboxyl group at the other end.The synthesis of fatty acid is the formation of fatty compounds from acetyl- CoA and NADPH with the action of an enzyme known as fatty acid synthases. This process of fatty acid synthesis significantly takes place in the cytoplasm as well as the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell.Triglycerol is formed with the help of adjoining three fatty acids to a glycerol backbone. This process involves the dehydration reaction. This is because three molecules of water are released in the process of fatty acid synthesis.Therefore, in fat synthesis, glycerol and fatty acids combine to make fats plus water. Thus, the correct answer is A.To learn more about Fatty acid synthesis, refer to the link:
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a physician attempts to aspirate a knee joint and obtains 0.1 ml of slightly bloody fluid. addition of acetic acid results in turbidity and a clot. this indicates that:
This indicates that hyaluronic acid clots in the presence of acetic acid.
The ability of hyaluronidase to prevent the development of a tight mucus clot with acetic acid shows the existence of highly polymerized hyaluronic acid. In vitro, highly polymerized hyaluronic acid is produced by cultured cells of different mesenchymal tissues. The concentration of hyaluronic acid in freshly prepared, concentrated embryo extract was determined to be between 210 and 240 mcg/ml.
Hyaluronic acid found in embryo extract was depolymerized in tissue culture with days between medium changes.
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The complete question is
A physician attempts to aspirate a knee joint and obtains 0.1mL of slightly bloody fluid. Addition of acetic acid results in turbidity and a clot. This indicates that
Most studied answer
a)the fluid is synovial fluid
b)hyaluronic acid clots in the presence of acetic acid.
c)hyaluronic acid is part of synovial fluid
how many minutes will it take to plate out 2.19 g of chromium metal from a solution of cr3 using a current of 55.2 amps in an electrolyte cell?
3.69 minutes will be needed to plate the chromium metal in the solution.
The charge transfer amount may be provided by:
q = It
where I is the current, t is the time, and q is the charge transfer
Q can be calculated by:
Moles of Cr = 0.0423 mole; As, moles = 2.19/51.9
Also, there is transfer of 3 electrons, thus, charge transfer will be faraday constant multiplied by 3
Charge transfer = 0.0423 *3* 96500 C
Charge transfer = 12245.85 C
As, q = it
12245.85 = 55.2 * Time
Time = 221.845 sec = 3.69 min
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3.00 g of AgNO3 is used to make how many moles of Ag with excess Cu
Cu + AgNO3 à Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
According stoichiometry and balanced chemical equation,as 339.74 g produces 2 moles , therefore 3 g is produced by 0.017 moles of silver.
What is stoichiometry?Stoichiometry is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
In the given example, according to balanced chemical equation as 339.74 g of silver nitrate produces 2 moles,
∴3 g of silver nitrate will produce 3×2/339.74=0.017 moles.
Therefore, 3.00 g of AgNO₃ is used to make 0.017 moles of silver.
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what amount of moles of chlorine is needed to react with 1.2 moles of phosphorus trichloride to produce phosphorus pentachloride? pcl3 cl2 ->pcl5
When 1.2 moles of phosphorus trichloride reacts then 1.2 moles of chlorine is needed.
pcl3+cl2 ->pcl5
1 moles of PCl3 reacts with 1 mole of Cl2 to produce 1 mole of pcl5.
now, if 1.2 moles phosphorus trichloride reacts then same amount (1.2 mole) is needed to make 1.2 mole of phosphorus pentachloride.
When determining how much of a substance there is, the concept of a mole is helpful. When dealing with particles at the atomic (or molecular) level, it is commonly known that even a single grams of a pure element includes an astoundingly high number of atoms. The mole notion is widely utilized in this context. The most common unit of measurement is the "mole," which is a count of many particles.The number 6.02214076*1023, commonly known as the Avogadro constant, is frequently denoted by the letter "NA". Among the elementary entities that can be represented in moles are atoms, molecules, monoatomic and polyatomic ions, as well as other particles (such as electrons).
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substance q had a vapor pressure of 345 mmhg at 22.00c. what's the temperature at a vapor pressure of 275 mmhg? the heat of vaporization of q is 36.0 kj/mol.
A substance q had a vapor pressure of 345 mmHg at 22.0 °C. the temperature at a vapor pressure of 275 mmHg. the heat of vaporization of q is 36.0 kJ/mol is 19.6 °C.
The Clausius Clapeyron equation is given as :
ln ( P2 / P1 ) = - ΔH /R ( 1 / T2 - 1 / T1)
ln ( 275 / 345 ) = - 36 / 8.314 (1 / T2 - 1 / 295)
- 0.235 = - 4.33 ( 295 - T2 / 295 T2 )
15.98 T2 = 295 - T2
14.98 T2 = 295
T2 = 19.6 °C
The temperature at vapor pressure 275 mmHg is 19.6 °C.
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suppose a 25.00 ml sample of a solution of a diprotic acid of unknown concentration requires 18.73 ml of a solution of 0.300 m koh to reach the end point. what is the molarity of the diprotic acid?
The molarity of the diprotic acid that requires 18.73 mL KOH is 1.405 M.
The chemical reaction between a diprotic acid and KOH is
H₂A + 2 KOH → K₂A + 2 H₂O
In stoichiometry, we learn the chemical reaction and the laws that work in it. According to Avogadro's law, the coefficient of a substance in a chemical reaction expresses the ratio of the number of moles of each substance.
[tex]M \:=\: \frac{n}{V}[/tex]
n = MV
n = the number of moles (mol)M = the molarity (M)V = the volume (L)KOH
The volume V = 18.73 mLThe molarity M = 0.300 MThe number of moles for KOHThe number of moles for a diprotic acid
n KOH : n H₂A = 2 : 1
n H₂A = n KOH ÷ 2
n H₂A = 5.619 ÷ 2
n H₂A = 2.8095 mmol
The molarity of a diprotic acid
[tex]M \:=\: \frac{n}{V}[/tex]
[tex]M \:=\: \frac{2.8095}{25.00}[/tex]
M = 1.405 M
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could you determine the molar mass of magnesium based on the total chloride ion concentration in the solution instead of using the amount hydrogen gas produced?
The ideal gas law and the gas mass are both used to determine the amount of hydrogen in moles. Learn about the ideal gas law, which is expressed as PV = nRT, where "P" stands for pressure, "V" for volume, "n" for the number of moles of a gas, and "T" for temperature.
The weight of one mole of a sample is known as the molar mass. To determine the molecular mass of a molecule, multiply the subscript (number of atoms) by the atomic mass of each element in the molecule, then add the masses of all the elements in the molecule together.
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35 g al(s) reacts with excess hcl(aq) according to the chemical equation shown above. what is the volume (in l) of h2 gas produced at a temperature of 345 k and a pressure of 1.12 atm?
35 g al(s) reacts with excess hcl(aq) according to the chemical equation shown above. what is the volume (in l) of h2 gas produced at a temperature of 345 k and a pressure of 1.12 atm?
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
3 moles of H2 produced from 2 moles of Al
3*2g of H2 produced from 2*27g of Al
75g of H2 produced from = 2*27*75/(3*2) = 675g of Al >>>>answer
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl
2*27g of Al react with 6 moles of HCl
4.25g of Al react with = 6mole*4.25g/(2*27g) = 0.472 moles of HCl
no of moles of HCl = molarity * volume in L
0.472 = 5*volume in L
volume in L = 0.472/5 = 0.0944 L = 94.4ml >>>>answer
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
2 moles of Al react with excess of HCl 3 moles of H2
2*27g of Al react with excess of HCl 3 moles of H2
35g of Al react with excess of HCl = 3*35/(2*27) = 1.94 moles of H2
n = 1.94moles
T = 345K
P = 1.12atm
PV = nRT
V = nRT/P
= 1.94*0.0821*345/(1.12) = 49.1 L of H2 >>>>answer
part-D
no of moles of Al = W/G.M.Wt
= 125/27 = 4.63moles
no of moles of HCl = molarity *volume in L
= 3.2*2.5 = 8moles
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl
4.63 moles of Al react with = 6*4.63/2 = 13.89 moles of HCl is required
HCl is limiting reactant
6 moles of HCl react with excess of Al to gives 3 moles of H2
8 moles of HCl react with excess of Al to gives = 3*8/6 = 4 moles of H2
theoretical yield of H2 = no of moles * gram mola rmass
= 4*2 = 8g
A chemical is any substance that has a described composition. In other phrases, a chemical is continually made up of the identical "stuff." a few chemical compounds occur in nature, such as water.
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Why are a weak acid and the salt of its conjugate base used in preparing a buffer, rather than a strong acid and a salt of its conjugate base?.
An acid is more acidic than its conjugate base if its pKa value is less than or equal to seven prepared a buffer solution .
When making a buffer, why do you utilize a weak acid and the salt of its conjugate base?A weak acid and its conjugate base are present in high amounts in buffer solutions (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). Buffers are extremely resistant to fluctuations in pH because these ingredients may neutralize extra H+ or OH.
Why is it necessary to create a buffer solution using both an acid and a base?In buffers, basic species are present to neutralize H + ions and acidic species to do the opposite. These two species must, nevertheless, be able to coexist in a solution without fully negating one another.
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During which changes of state do atoms overcome the attractive forces between them?freezing and condensationboiling and depositioncondensation and meltingvaporization and sublimation.
Answer:
Vaporisation and Sublimation
Explanation:
Vaporisation is conversion of liquid to gas. Atoms in the liquid overcome forces of attraction to turn into gas.
Sublimation is direct conversion of solid to gas. Atoms in the solid directly convert into gas by overcoming forces of attraction. E.g - Dry Ice
If the symbol X represents a central atom, Y represents outer atoms, and Z represents lone pairs on the central atom, the structure A central X atom has two lone pairs. Two Y atoms are attached to X with single bonds, could be abbreviated as XY2Z2.Classify these structures by the hybridization of the central atom.HYBRIDIZATIONS:1. sp2. sp23. sp34. sp3d5. sp3d2ABREVIATIONS:1) XY22) XY33) XY44) XY55) XY66) XY2Z37) XY2Z8) XY3Z29) XY4Z10) XY4Z211) XY3Z12) XY5Z13) XY2Z2
The following hybridization states are applicable for the various abbreviations displayed:
sp = XY₂sp² = XY₂Z, XY₃ sp3³ = XY₄, XY₂Z₂, XY₃Zsp³d = XY₅, XY₂Z₃, XY₃Z₂, XY₄Zsp³d² = XY₆, XY₄Z₂, XY₅ZThe number of electron pairs surrounding the core atom in a molecule affects its hybridization state.
The idea of hybridization is an approximation that describes the bonding in some chemical species by mixing atomic orbitals of various energies to generate orbitals of suitable energies that can be employed in chemical combinations.
The number of electron pairs that surround the center atom determines its hybridization state in a molecule.
2 electron pairs result in sp hybridization.
Sp2 hybridization is caused by three electron pairs.
Sp3 hybridization is caused by 4 electron pairs.
Sp3d hybridization is caused by 5 electron pairs.
Sp3d2 hybridization is caused by 6 electron pairs.
Remember that the molecule's core atom is surrounded by both bond pairs (Y) and lone pairs (Z) of electrons.
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the degree to which all clastic sediments in a deposit are the same swize or mass is described by the of the sediment
Sorting indicates the degree to which all clastic sediments in a deposit are the same swize or mass is described by the of the sediment
Sorting involves putting information in a meaningful order so you may evaluate it more efficiently. Water will sink objects that are heavier than it. like an iron nail, etc. Sorting is the process of putting things with comparable characteristics in groups. According to how similar or different their qualities are, the materials can be categorized.
Seawater or lake water is used in mineral deposits. … It is recognized as a chemical sediment due to the fact that the mineral components are carried in solution before precipitating to form a sediment as a result of a chemical reaction.
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Which of the following statements about Lewis bases is TRUE?a) Lewis bases are electron pair acceptors.b) Lewis bases are electron pair donors.c) Lewis bases are proton donors.d) Lewis bases are proton acceptors.
The true statement is b- Lewis bases are electron pair donors. Lewis bases are referred to as species that have extra electrons and have the tendency to give electrons to Lewis acids that have empty orbitals.
What is Lewis base?
Any substance that has the ability to give a pair of nonbonding electrons, such as the OH- ion, is considered a Lewis base. Therefore, a Lewis base is an electron-pair donor.
The correct answer is option B.
Lewis bases provide extra electrons to species with empty orbitals since they have filled orbitals compared to their own. Lewis bases are therefore electron donors, providing option (B) the proper choice.
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Balance the following reaction. A coefficient of "1" is understood. Choose option "blank" for the correct answer if the coefficient is "1." CH3OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O
The balanced equation of the chemical reaction would be [tex]2CH_3OH + 3O_2 -- > 2CO_2 + 4H_2O[/tex]
Balancing the equation of reactionsIn order to balance equations of reactions, the equations need to obey the law of conservation of atoms. According to this law, atoms can neither be created nor destroyed during reactions, but their forms may change. In other words, the total number of atoms of different elements in reactions is conserved.
Thus, the same number of atoms of different elements must exist in the reactants and the products, irrespective of their forms.
Following this rule, the balanced reaction of the equation illustrated in the problem would be: [tex]2CH_3OH + 3O_2 -- > 2CO_2 + 4H_2O[/tex]
In the balanced equation, one can see that C, H, and O atoms in the reactants and the products are of equal numbers.
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what role do currents play in transporting heat? why is this important? what happens when a warm-phase enso occurs?
There are three stages to the ENSO weather phenomena. The Pacific Ocean can experience El Nio (extremely warm currents), La Nia and Neutral from October through spring of the next year.
What phase of ENSO is it right now?
The most current ONI value is -1.0oC (August to October 2022). Based on the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) [3 month running mean of ERSST. v5 SST anomalies in the Nino 3.4 zone (5N-5S, 120-170W)], recent Pacific warm (red) and cold (blue) episodes are shown.
Is ENSO cool or warm?
El Nio, Neutral, or La Nia are the three possible ENSO patterns in the tropical Pacific. El Nio and La Nia (the warm phase of each) (the cool phase)
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Suppose 9.07 g of copper(II) nitrate is dissolved in 100. mL of a 0.70 M aqueous solution of sodium chromate Calculate the final molarity of copper(II) cation in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the copper(II) nitrate is dissolved in it. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
Suppose 9.07 g of copper(II) nitrate is dissolved in 100. mL of a 0.70 M aqueous solution of sodium chromate the final molarity of copper(II) cation in the solution will be 0.48 M
The balanced equation is given as :
Cu(NO3)2 + Na2CrO4 = CuCrO4 + 2NaNO3
Number of mol of copper nitrate = mass /molar mass
= 9.07 g/187.5 g/mol
= 0.048 mol
mol sodium chromate = molarity x volume (L)
= 0.70 M x 0.100 L
mol sodium chromate = 0.07 mol
so copper nitrate is limiting
So number of mol of copper (II) cation will be 0.048 mol
molarity = mol/volume (L)
= 0.048 mol / 0.100 L
= 0.48 M
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what is a chemical equation? what is a chemical equation? it is any type of reaction that takes place at the equator. it is a shorthand notation for illustrating a chemical reaction. it is a picture of the atoms undergoing a chemical equalization. it is the sum of the masses of the products and reactants. it is the chemical combination of equal numbers of reactants and products.
They are equations that represent chemical reactions using chemical formulae and symbols. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left, and the products are shown on the right.
Chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions using symbols and substance formulae. A and B are referred to in this equation as the reactants, and C and D are referred to as the products. The chemical reaction's direction is indicated by the arrow.
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consider the redox reaction 3ni2 (aq) 2co(s)⟶2co3 (aq) 3ni(s) which substance gets oxidized? co3 ni co ni2
In this equation there's a little mistake, Co never suggests -three kingdoms, therefore, it ought to be + three.
Redox is a kind of chemical response in which the oxidation states of substrate trade. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or a boom inside the oxidation kingdom, whilst discount is the benefit of electrons or a lower in the oxidation nation.
An oxidation-discount redox response is a form of chemical reaction that involves a switch of electrons between species. An oxidation-reduction response is any chemical reaction wherein the oxidation range of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by means of gaining or losing an electron.
The five principal sorts of redox reactions are aggregate, decomposition, displacement, combustion, and disproportionation.
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in which of the three phases of matter would you expect hydrogen bonding between water molecules to be the strongest?
Hydrogen fluoride, HF has the strongest individual hydrogen bonds between its molecules.
An inorganic substance with the chemical formula HF is hydrogen fluoride. The main industrial source of fluorine is this colorless gas or liquid, which is frequently an aqueous solution known as hydrofluoric acid.
Aluminum, plastics, electrical components, pharmaceuticals, high-octane fuel, fluorescent light bulbs, and refrigerants are all made with hydrogen fluoride. The production of refrigerants uses 60% of the hydrogen fluoride used in manufacturing.
The difference in charge between hydrogen ions that are slightly positive and other hydrogen ions that are slightly negative results in hydrogen bonds, which are electrostatic forces that attract. Hydrogen bonds form between nearby hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules in the case of water.
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Alchemy is a branch of ancient knowledge that states that all matter is composed of air, fire, earth, and water. Which of these best explains whether alchemy is a science or pseudoscience? it is a science because all matter is known to be made of elements. It is a science because air, fire, earth, and water all are forms of matter. It is pseudoscience because all matter is known to be made of atoms. It is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable.
The statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation.
Alchemy is considered a pseudoscience. The statement that "all matter is composed of air, fire, earth, and water" is not consistent with our modern scientific understanding of matter. Alchemy was an ancient practice that attempted to transform base metals into noble metals (such as gold) and find a way to achieve eternal life, among other goals. While alchemy did contribute to the development of early chemistry and the discovery of some chemical processes, its beliefs and methodologies were often based on mystical and philosophical concepts rather than empirical scientific evidence.
In contrast, modern science understands that matter is composed of atoms and elements. The periodic table categorizes all known elements, and we have a comprehensive understanding of atomic structure and chemical reactions, which is not consistent with the alchemical view of matter being composed of air, fire, earth, and water.
Therefore, the statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation. Alchemy is considered pseudoscience because its claims and theories were based on mystical and speculative beliefs rather than the systematic empirical observations and rigorous scientific methodology that characterize genuine scientific endeavors.
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in an experiement, 5 g of licl is dissolved into 40 ml of water orginally at 17 c in a calorimeter. the temperature rises to 40.3. determine the molar heat of solution of li cl
Moler Heat of solution is 32.7 kJ/mol
The molar heat of a solution(ΔH) is calculated by the formula
ΔH=q/n
Where, n-Number of moles
q- Energy of the system
q is calculated by the formula
q=m×c×ΔT
Where ΔT=(T_f-T_i)
T_f=40.3°C, T_i=17°C
ΔT=(40.3-17)°C=23.3°C
c=4.18 J/g°C
The mass of water is
m=40 ml×(1 g/1 ml)=40 g
Substitute all values in the formula
q=40g×(4.18 J/g°C)×23.3°C
q=3895.76 J
The molar mass of LiCl is 42g/mol.
The moles of LiCl =5g×(1 mol/42 g)=0.11905 mol
Hence, the molar heat of a solution is
ΔH=3895.76 J/0.11905 mol =32723.7295 J/mol
Convert the value in kJ
ΔH=32723.7295 J/mol×(1 kJ/1000 J)=32.7 kJ/mol
Therefore, the molar heat of a solution is 32.7 kJ/mol.
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A chunk of dry ice, solid co2, disappears after sitting at room temperature for a while. There is no puddle of liquid. What happened?.
After a while at room temperature, a piece of dry ice, or solid CO2, vanishes without leaving a puddle of liquid behind.
What is solid CO2?Dry ice, which is a solid form of carbon dioxide, is available. When used for short-term refrigeration, CO2 is usually used because it frequently sublimates from the solid form to the gas state due to the fact that it does not have a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure. Carbon dioxide that is solid is known as "dry ice." Due to its ice-like appearance and the fact that it truly sublimes rather than melting, dry ice appears to be made of ice. Because the solid does not first become a liquid when heated, it is known as dry ice.
What is solid CO2 used for?Dry ice, also known as solid carbon dioxide, is very cold (109 °F / 78 °C), and it is frequently used to cool vaccines, chill and freeze food, preserve blood and tissue samples, heat-treat metals, and even produce special effects like fog for events or stage plays. Because solid CO2 does not melt into a liquid when heated but instead transforms instantly into gas, it is referred to as dry ice. Sublimation is the name of this procedure.
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when an exothermic reaction is carried out in a coffee-cup calorimeter, what statement is correct? a. qwater is negative. b. the enthalpy of the products is lower than that of the reactants. c. the temperature of the water decreases. d. the enthalpy change for the reaction is positive. e. the reaction absorbs heat from the water.
The correct statement about an exothermic reaction carried out in a coffee-cup calorimeter is that the enthalpy of the products is lower than that of the reactants. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Exothermic reaction is a term that means the heat will be released during the reaction, making the environment warmer. In a coffee-cup calorimeter, the heat increases the temperature of coffee contents, which includes water.
In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy of the product will be lower than that of reactants (B is correct).
During the reaction, heat is released so the water temperature will increase (C and E are incorrect).
Since the enthalpy of the product is lower, the enthalpy change will be negative (D is incorrect).
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using the product isolation portion of the reaction, you extracted your reaction mixture with nahco3(aq). what did this accomplish? be specific in your answer.
Fischer esterification is a reaction that converts carboxylic acid in presence of alcohol and strong acid catalyst to give ester as final product. Thus, NaHCO³ is one of the strong acid catalyst used in this reaction.
What is role of NaHCO³ in Fischer reaction?
Fischer reaction is a reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol. When this reaction occurs, the product may contain some unreacted amount of carboxylic acid or acidic catalyst. Hence it is necessary to remove this and thus, this is accomplished by NaHCO³.
The reaction given below shows that how NaHCO3 dissociates and the bicarbonate anion reacts with unreacted proton to give unstable carbonic acid which dissociate to give water and carbon dioxide.
NaHCO3 = Na + + HCO3-
H+ + HCO3 - = H2O + CO2
Sodium bicarbonate also reacts with unreacted carboxylic acid whose reaction is shown below:
RCOOH +NaHCO3 = RCOO- Na+ + CO2+ H2O
RCOONa easily gets dissolve to polar solvent water and get separated.
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