Answer:
If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted, and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA. If the damage is irreparable, the cell may undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death 2.
Explanation:
What type of microscope would you use to view a live sample?
1. Scanning Electron Microscope
2.Transmission Electron Microscope
3.Magnifying glass
4. Light Microscope
Answer:
Compound microscopes
Compound microscopes are light illuminated. The image seen with this type of microscope is two dimensional. This microscope is the most commonly used. You can view individual cells, even living ones.
Cancer cells are essentially cells out of control. They continuously go through Mitosis without stopping causing them to crowd other cells and eventually growing on top of each other forming a lump commonly referred to as a tumor. Based on your knowledge of mitosis what is one way you could develop a drug to treat cancer?
Include in your answer a detailed explanation of what you would do and why (5pts) also include labeled diagrams with your solution (5pts).
Answer:
Introduction
Does cell cycle control matter? If you ask an oncologist – a doctor who treats cancer patients – she or he will likely answer with a resounding yes.
Cancer is basically a disease of uncontrolled cell division. Its development and progression are usually linked to a series of changes in the activity of cell cycle regulators. For example, inhibitors of the cell cycle keep cells from dividing when conditions aren’t right, so too little activity of these inhibitors can promote cancer. Similarly, positive regulators of cell division can lead to cancer if they are too active. In most cases, these changes in activity are due to mutations in the genes that encode cell cycle regulator proteins.
Here, we’ll look in more detail at what's wrong with cancer cells. We'll also see how abnormal forms of cell cycle regulators can contribute to cancer.
What’s wrong with cancer cells?
Cancer cells behave differently than normal cells in the body. Many of these differences are related to cell division behavior.
For example, cancer cells can multiply in culture (outside of the body in a dish) without any growth factors, or growth-stimulating protein signals, being added. This is different from normal cells, which need growth factors to grow in culture.
Cancer cells may make their own growth factors, have growth factor pathways that are stuck in the "on" position, or, in the context of the body, even trick neighboring cells into producing growth factors to sustain them^1
1
start superscript, 1, end superscript.
Diagram showing different responses of normal and cancer cells to growth factor presence or absence.
- Normal cells in a culture dish will not divide without the addition of growth factors.
- Cancer cells in a culture dish will divide whether growth factors are provided or not.
Diagram showing different responses of normal and cancer cells to growth factor presence or absence.
Normal cells in a culture dish will not divide without the addition of growth factors.
Cancer cells in a culture dish will divide whether growth factors are provided or not.
Cancer cells also ignore signals that should cause them to stop dividing. For instance, when normal cells grown in a dish are crowded by neighbors on all sides, they will no longer divide. Cancer cells, in contrast, keep dividing and pile on top of each other in lumpy layers.
The environment in a dish is different from the environment in the human body, but scientists think that the loss of contact inhibition in plate-grown cancer cells reflects the loss of a mechanism that normally maintains tissue balance in the body^2
2
squared.
Another hallmark of cancer cells is their "replicative immortality," a fancy term for the fact that they can divide many more times than a normal cell of the body. In general, human cells can go through only about 40-60 rounds of division before they lose the capacity to divide, "grow old," and eventually die^3
3
cubed.
Cancer cells can divide many more times than this, largely because they express an enzyme called telomerase, which reverses the wearing down of chromosome ends that normally happens during each cell division^4
4
start superscript, 4, end superscript.
Cancer cells are also different from normal cells in other ways that aren’t directly cell cycle-related. These differences help them grow, divide, and form tumors. For instance, cancer cells gain the ability to migrate to other parts of the body, a process called metastasis, and to promote growth of new blood vessels, a process called angiogenesis (which gives tumor cells a source of oxygen and nutrients). Cancer cells also fail to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis, under conditions when normal cells would (e.g., due to DNA damage). In addition, emerging research shows that cancer cells may undergo metabolic changes that support increased cell growth and division^5
5
start superscript, 5, end superscript.
Diagram showing different responses of normal and cancer cells to conditions that would typically trigger apoptosis.
- A normal cell with unfixable DNA damaged will undergo apoptosis.
- A cancer cell with unfixable DNA damage will not undergo apoptosis and will instead continue dividing.
Explanation:
In order to maintain homeostasis, it is most important for an animal to be able to ?
F increase its prey population
O respond to its environment
H change its habitat
o hide from its predators
Answer:
respond to its environment
Explanation:
4 In your own words, describe the relationship between
the processes and forces that create the different types of rocks
Answer:The three main rock types are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. The three processes that change one rock to another are crystallization, metamorphism, and erosion and sedimentation.
A student claims that the only difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells is that
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, but prokaryotic cells do not. What is wrong with this claim?
The description of the cell types is incorrect.
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells do not.
The description of the cell types is incorrect. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
There is another difference between the cell types. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, but
prokaryotic cells do not.
There is another difference between the cell types. Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, but prokaryotic
cells have a cell wall instead.
Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells:
• There is a well defined nucleus
• They are membrane bounded cell organelles like chloroplast, golgi bodies, mitochondria.
Prokaryotic cells:
• The nucleus are not well defined
• Cell organelles are not bounded by membrane
pollination of a flower or plant with pollen from a different flower or plant is known as
Answer:
Cross-pollination
Explanation:
cross-pollination is when pollen from one plant gets transported to another plant.
self-pollination is when pollen gets transported from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant.
If your temporal lobe was damaged, what might happen to you?
A You'd have trouble breathing
B You'd have trouble processing speech С You'd have trouble remembering things D You'd have trouble controlling your body temperature
Answer:
c you would have trouble remembering things.
Explanation:
Difficulty learning and retaining new information. Impaired factual and long-term memory, Persistent talking, Difficulty in recognizing faces.
bacteria in nodules on the roots of plants before an important role in the _______ cycle.
a. Draw a food chain that could exist in your ecosystem.
b. Draw a large arrow to show how the energy flows through your food chain
Answer:
Explanation:
This is an example
A. The following food chain in a simple terrestrial ecosystem:
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk
B. The energy flow will be directed as follows:
grasshopper (primary consumer) frog (secondary consumer) snake (tertiary consumer) hawk (quaternary consumer)
Food Chain:
Consider the following food chain in a simple terrestrial ecosystem:
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk
In this food chain, the grasshopper is the major producer, the frog is the secondary consumer, the snake is the tertiary consumer, and the hawk is the quaternary consumer.
B. Flow of Energy:
The giant arrow representing the flow of energy through the food chain would start with grasses and progress through each trophic level. Energy moves along the food chain in a way that passes from one organism to another when it is consumed.
The energy flow will be directed as follows:
grasshopper (primary consumer) frog (secondary consumer) snake (tertiary consumer) hawk (quaternary consumer)
The arrows indicate that the sun's energy is taken up by the grass through photosynthesis and then transferred to each successive level when the organism consumes it.
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Horses have three basic coat colors: red (or chestnut), bay, and black. All the colors are controlled by the interaction of two genes, Extension (E) and Agouti (A). The following combinations produce bay color: EE/Aa, Ee/Aa, EE/AA, Ee/AA. Only two produce black color: EE/aa, Ea/aa. Other combinations of the alleles of these genes plus mutations of others result in many possible coat colors and patterns in horses
Coat color in horses is an example of which type of inheritance?
(1 point)
A. polygenic inheritance
B. dominant inheritance
C. Mendelian inheritance
D. recessive inheritance
Answer:
A. Polygenic inheritance
Explanation:
When the qualities or the attributes are passed from the parent to their progeny is called inheritance. It can be passed either sexually or asexually.
The correct answer is:
Option A. Polygenic inheritance
This can be explained as:
When a trait is regulated by two or more genes is called polygenic inheritance.Dominant inheritance occurs when the qualities from the parent possessing the dominant gene pass to the progeny.According to Mendelian inheritance paired genes assorts independently and are passed from parent to their progenies.Therefore, coat colour in horses is an example of polygenic inheritance.
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Can angiosperms be considered male or female?
Here's your answer: Their male
Scientists notice structural similarities between fossils of a land animal and an aquatic organism. They know the similarities are not a result of the two organisms having to adapt to similar environments. What can they attribute the structural similarities to?
convergent evolution
common ancestry
transitional evolution
similar mating habits
Babies with very low or very high birth weight are less likely to survive. The graph shows the percentage of babies born at different weights.
A graph entitled Percentage of Babies born at Different Weights has weight in pounds on the horizontal axis, and percentage on the vertical axis. A small percentage of babies are born at the low and higher birth weights, and a greater amount are around 7 to 8 pounds.
Which statement is a valid claim that could be made using the data in the graph?
Directional selection is occurring because the graph favors an extreme.
Stabilizing selection is occurring because the average is favored.
Disruptive selection is occurring because the two extremes are favored.
Biodiversity variation is occurring because there is an increase in trait variation.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Otherwise people wouldn’t have differences
Answer:
C!!! :))
Explanation:
I tookt the test and got it right.
a recipe calls for 1 cup of sugar and 1/2 cup of flour.Zoe uses 1 cup of salt and 1/2 cup of flour.
which kind of mutation is best modeled by zoes version of the recipe
Answer:
Substitution
Explanation:
Given the information in the question substitution seems like the most appropriate answer. Zoe used 1 cup of slat rather than 1 cup of sugar, she substituted sugar for salt.
Insertion is wrong because Zoe did not add another ingredient, there is still only 2 ingredients.
Transition is wrong because, given the information, because the state(liquid or solid) of the ingredients has not changed. Zoe is still use dry ingredients per say.
And beneficial also seems to be wrong because we don't know if using salt instead was beneficial to the recipe or to Zoe.
Explanation:
Answer: Subsitution
Explanation: i took the quiz
What valuable information was gained from Mendel's dihybrid crosses?
Select all that apply.
1. Not all traits are controlled by genes. In most plants, genes only determine traits that affect
flower color.
2. Statistical and probability methods can be used to determine how likely an offspring is to inherit
certain traits.
3. Genes are inherited differently in plants than they are in animals.
4. Inheritance of one trait does not affect inheritance of another.
Mendel's dihybrid cross proves that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. Hence, option 4 is correct.
What is a dihybrid cross?When two different traits are crossed together then it is called a dihybrid cross. These two different traits are regulated by two different genes.
In Mendel's dihybrid cross, he did cross between round yellow and wrinkled grees. There are two traits, color, and shape. In the F1 generation, all seeds were round yellow but they were heterozygous. Round shape and yellow color are dominant traits.
Then he self-pollinated F2 generation and found four types of seeds that were round yellow, round green, wrinkled yellow, and wrinkled green in the 9:3:3:1 ratio. The cross is attached in the image below.
Inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. Hence, option 4 is correct.
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Deoxyribose (sugar). Total number in image?
Answer:
Formula: C5H10O4
Molar mass: 134.13 g/mol
Solubility in water: Very soluble
Melting point: 91 °C (196 °F; 364 K)
Appearance: White solid
Classification: Pentose, Deoxy sugar
The probability that an “X” bearing egg will be fertilized by a “Y” bearing sperm is?
Answer:
100%
Explanation:
Floods can drastically change the land in an area due to____
A biologist counts the number of rabbits in a population each year and observes a decrease in population. Since the coyote population has exploded, the biologist concludes that the coyote population has had a negative impact on the rabbit population. Which describes the biologist’s actions?
experimentation
inference
observation
interacting
Answer:
Inference
Explanation:
edg 2021
Answer:
inference
Explanation:
I got it correct on teams
Why don't individuals with Tay-Sachs pass on the Tay-Sachs
allele?
a
Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive human genetic
disorder.
b Carriers are not affected.
c Affected individuals do not have children.
Answer:
Affected individuals do not have children.
Explanation:
Why do birds migrate south during the winter?
A. strong northern winds drive them south
O B. an increase in predators drives them south
O C. to find food
O D. to find better nest building materials
Answer:
C. to find food.
Explanation:
It is hard to find food in the winter for animals besides humans. So they need to head south for warmer climates.
Rylee saw a cell under a microscope and drew what she saw. This cell is classified as —
Answer:
Well I need more information to answer that question.
Explanation:
Explanation:
can I have a picture of the question please
¿Qué habría ocurrido con la mariposa del abedul durante la revolución industrial si no hubieran existido mariposas oscuras?
In protein synthesis, how many nitrogenous bases code for a single amino acid?
one
two
three
four
Answer:
C
Explanation:
EDGE 2022
In 1989, a tanker carrying oil struck a reef and spilled 11 million gallons of oil in an
Alaskan bay. The oil not only spilled into the harbor, but also washed up on the
shoreline. The spill killed millions of fish, birds that lived on the shore, sea otters,
porpoises, seal lions and many whales. Every form of life in the area was affected.
Scientists have carefully studied the area and its species since the initial spill to
determine both short-term and long-term effects.
Which of the following was affected the least by this catastrophic event? A: Plants along the shoreline B: Fishermen in the area C: Migratory sea birds D: Crustaceans that lived on the bottom of the bay
Answer:
The answer is C: Migratory sea birds.
Explanation:
Sea birds that are migrating would not only just fly above the spill and nestle on the trees, but they could eat crabs and other animals that scurry around on the shore as a food source due to the death of their primary source of food, fish.
3. What is a type of asexual reproduction that com-
monly occurs in many species of unicellular pro-
tists? (1) external fertilization (2) tissue regenera-
tion (3) binary fission (4) vegetative propagation
Answer:
In fission (or binary fission), a parent separates into two or more individuals of about equal size. This type of reproduction is common among single-celled organisms including bacteria, archaea, and unicellular eukaryotes, such as protists and some fungi. The single cell divides into two daughter cells.Aug 17, 2016
Explanation:
Drag each graph to the correct location on the image.
Match the graphs of the skier's potential energy and kinetic energy with the skier's position on the hill.
What you have in the picture is correct. :>
Explanation:I took the test and the correct answer is what you have. :>
Answer:
you got it right!!
Explanation:
i just took the test.
What beak shape do you think will be best for finding food in a period of abundant rainfall?
Answer:
Shorter beaks will be best for finding food in abundant rainfall.
explain how the genus and species name of an organism is properly written
Answer: The binomial system of nomenclature is structured so that the scientific name of a plant consists of two names: (1) the genus or generic name, and (2) the specific epithet or species name. ... The genus name is always underlined or italicized. The first letter of the genus name is always capitalized.
Explanation:
Nondisjunction that occurs during meiosis II produces what?
Answer:
Both of these daughter cells will then go on to divide once more in meiosis II, producing 4 daughter cells, 2 with n+1 and 2 with n-1. Nondisjunction in meiosis II results from the failure of the sister chromatids to separate during anaphase II.