George made a permanent move to the United States on September 1, 2021, after living in Canada all his life. George is 35 years old.
The best residency status for George for Canadian income tax purposes for 2021 is a "Part-year resident."There are a few questions you must answer to determine residency status, including whether George has cut ties with Canada and has established significant ties to the United States.
George will be considered a Canadian resident for income tax purposes if he satisfies any of the following conditions:Stays in Canada for 183 days or more during the tax year;Has a house in Canada and significant ties to the country, such as a spouse, children, or bank accounts;Has significant ties to Canada and does not have significant ties to a foreign country.
George would be considered a non-resident of Canada for tax purposes if he had ceased all significant ties with Canada and established significant ties with the United States, according to the information provided. A resident of Canada for tax purposes is someone who has significant ties to Canada, while a non-resident of Canada for tax purposes is someone who does not have significant ties to Canada. As a result, a part-year resident would be the most appropriate answer.
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the use of outside suppliers and manufacturers to produce goods and services is known as ______.
The use of outside suppliers and manufacturers to produce goods and services is known as outsourcing.
Outsourcing is a business strategy where a company contracts with external suppliers or manufacturers to perform certain tasks, produce goods, or provide services that were previously handled in-house. This allows the company to focus on its core competencies while leveraging the expertise, resources, and efficiencies of external entities. Outsourcing can involve various functions, such as manufacturing, customer support, IT services, logistics, or any other non-core activities that can be efficiently and cost-effectively handled by external partners.
Companies may choose to outsource for several reasons:
Cost savings: Outsourcing certain functions can often be more cost-effective than maintaining in-house operations. External suppliers may offer economies of scale, specialized expertise, and lower labor costs, resulting in potential cost savings for the company.
Access to expertise: Outsourcing allows companies to access specialized knowledge and skills that may not be available internally. External suppliers or manufacturers may have advanced technologies, industry-specific expertise, or extensive experience in a particular area, providing added value to the company.
Increased flexibility and scalability: By outsourcing, companies can scale their operations more flexibly to meet fluctuating demands. They can easily adjust the level of outsourcing based on their current needs, avoiding the need for significant investments in infrastructure or personnel.
Focus on core competencies: Outsourcing non-core functions enables companies to concentrate their resources and efforts on their core competencies. By delegating certain tasks to external suppliers, they can allocate more time, attention, and resources to activities that directly contribute to their competitive advantage and business growth.
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a recession is generally followed by a _____ in which the economy starts growing again.
A recession is generally followed by an economic recovery in which the economy starts growing again. This recovery phase is also called an expansion period.
During a recession, the economy experiences a decline in economic growth, income, and employment, which leads to reduced consumer spending and business investment.
This, in turn, creates a downward spiral that makes it difficult for the economy to grow. The recovery phase occurs when the economy starts growing again, and unemployment decreases.
During the expansion period, consumer spending and business investment begin to increase, leading to an increase in economic growth. The government may also employ monetary and fiscal policy measures to stimulate the economy during this period.
Monetary policy involves the use of interest rates, while fiscal policy involves the use of government spending and taxation. The length and strength of the recovery period vary, depending on several factors, such as the severity of the recession and the government's policy response.
The recovery period can last for several years, and during this period, the economy may experience a boom or periods of slower growth.
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Which of the following enables a life policy to be replaced with another life policy and results in the postponement of the tax consequence?
A. Section 1040 exchange
B. Section 1035 exchange
C. Nonforfeiture Option
D. Spendthrift Option
The correct answer is B. Section 1035 exchange. The Section 1035 exchange applies specifically to life insurance policies and certain other types of insurance contracts, allowing for a tax-free transfer between policies.
A Section 1035 exchange refers to a provision in the U.S. tax code that allows for the replacement of one life insurance policy with another life insurance policy without incurring immediate tax consequences. This provision enables policyholders to transfer the cash value or benefits from an existing life insurance policy to a new policy without being subject to taxation on the accumulated gains or benefits.
By utilizing a Section 1035 exchange, policyholders can effectively postpone the tax consequences that would otherwise be triggered by surrendering or cashing out an existing policy. Instead of receiving the cash value directly, the funds are transferred directly from one policy to another, preserving the tax-deferred status of the accumulated value.
It's important to note that the Section 1035 exchange applies specifically to life insurance policies and certain other types of insurance contracts, allowing for a tax-free transfer between policies. This provision provides policyholders with flexibility in managing their life insurance coverage and can be beneficial when there is a need to update or modify their insurance needs without incurring immediate tax liabilities.
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On November 1, 2021, New Morning Bakery signed a $199,000, 6%, six-month note payable with the amount borrowed plus accrued interest due six months later on May 1, 2022.
New Morning Bakery should record which of the following adjusting entries at December 31, 2021? (Do not round your intermediate calculations.)
Debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $5,970.
Debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $1,990.
Debit Interest Expense and credit Cash, $1,990.
Debit Interest Expense and credit Cash, $5,970.
The journal entry to record the accrued interest at December 31, 2021, would be:
Debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $1,990.
On November 1, 2021, New Morning Bakery signed a $199,000, 6%, six-month note payable with the amount borrowed plus accrued interest due six months later on May 1, 2022.
The adjusting entry for December 31, 2021, would involve recording an accrual for the interest incurred on the note payable since the last payment date (November 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021).
Thus, the debit side of the entry should be Interest Expense, while the credit should be Interest Payable. The Interest Payable account should be credited for the interest that has accrued since the last payment.
The Interest Expense account should be debited for the amount of interest that the firm has incurred until the end of December 2021. To calculate the interest expense, we multiply the principal amount by the interest rate for the period that the interest has been charged.
Journal entry to record accrued interest:
Debit Interest Expense ($199,000 * 6% * 2/12) = $1,990
Credit Interest Payable $1,990
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1. For this decision tree question all the information are costs, so when comparing the expected net present value, you are looking for the decisions with the lowest cost. Also assume all values are already in present value terms. (no discounting required)
The government is deciding whether to buy a vaccine that is in the development stage today (period 1) or wait until period 2.
During period 1, there are two chance events that occur regardless of the government’s decision. First chance event: It will be discovered whether the vaccine works (60% chance) or fails. And Second chance event: It will be discovered if impacts of the disease are Mild (80%) or Severe (20%). These two chance events are independent.
If the government chooses to buy it in period 1, the vaccine cost is 275.
• If the vaccine works, then there is no additional cost (and no later decision)
• If the vaccine fails and the disease is Mild, then the disease cost is 300 (and no later decision)
• If the vaccine fails and the disease is Severe, then the disease cost is 900 (and no later decision)
If the government chooses to not to buy the vaccine in period 1 then there are still the two chance events in period 1 (mentioned above) plus the later decision in period 2 (provided the vaccine works).
The chance event and cost associated with this period 2 decision depend on whether the impact of the disease in period 1 was Mild or Severe.
If the vaccine works, and the disease has been Mild in period 1:
-If the government decides to buy the vaccine in period 2, then there is a chance event:
• 70% chance that the vaccine will be fully available (but delayed) so that the disease cost is 80 + the vaccine cost of 200
• 30% chance that the vaccine will be only partly available (but delayed) so that the disease cost is 225 + the vaccine cost of 125
-If the government decides not to buy the vaccine in period 2 when the disease has been Mild, then the cost is 300
If the vaccine works, and the disease has been Severe in period 1:
-If the government decides to buy the vaccine in period 2, then there is a chance event:
• 30% chance that the vaccine will be fully available (but delayed) so that the disease cost is 225+ the vaccine cost of 450
• 60% chance that the vaccine will be only partly available (but delayed) so that the disease cost is 675+ 250
• 10% chance that the vaccine will not available so that the disease cost is 900
-If the government decides not to buy the vaccine in period 2 when the disease has been Severe, then the cost is 900.
If the vaccine fails in period 1 and the government chose to not to buy it in period 1, then if the there is no decision for period 2 and the costs are:
• If the disease is Mild, then the cost is 300
• If the disease is Severe then, the cost is 900
Using a decision tree and the expected cost criterion, determine the government’s least cost course of action.
The government’s least-cost course of action would be to wait till period 2 and buy the vaccine when it is fully available (70% chance) if the disease has been Mild during period 1, and if the disease has been Severe during period 1, the government's least-cost course of action would be to buy the vaccine in period 2 when it is only partially available but delayed (60% chance).
The government is deciding whether to buy a vaccine that is in the development stage today (period 1) or wait until period 2. If the government chooses to buy it in period 1, the vaccine cost is 275. If the vaccine works, there is no additional cost, but if the vaccine fails and the disease is Mild, then the disease cost is 300, and if the vaccine fails and the disease is Severe, then the disease cost is 900.
The expected cost for the first decision is:
$275 + 0.6 * $0 + 0.4 * ($300) = $395.
There are still the two chance events in period 1 plus the later decision in period 2 (provided the vaccine works) if the government chooses not to buy the vaccine in period 1. The chance event and cost associated with this period 2 decision depend on whether the impact of the disease in period 1 was Mild or Severe. If the vaccine works and the disease has been Mild in period 1, and the government decides to buy the vaccine in period 2, then the expected cost is:
70% * ($200 + $80) + 30% * ($125 + $225) = $287.5,
and if the government chooses not to buy the vaccine in period 2, then the expected cost is $300.
The expected cost if the vaccine works and the disease has been Severe in period 1 are:
30% * ($450 + $225) + 60% * ($675 + $250) + 10% * $900 = $616,
and if the government decides not to buy the vaccine in period 2, then the expected cost is $900.Finally, if the vaccine fails in period 1, and the government chose not to buy it in period 1, then there is no decision for period 2 and the expected costs are:$300 if the disease is Mild, and $900 if the disease is Severe.
Therefore, the government’s least-cost course of action would be to wait till period 2 and buy the vaccine when it is fully available (70% chance) if the disease has been Mild during period 1, and if the disease has been Severe during period 1, the government's least-cost course of action would be to buy the vaccine in period 2 when it is only partially available but delayed (60% chance).
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when the us dollar appreciates, us exports rise. us imports decline. aggregate demand shifts leftward. aggregate demand shifts rightward
When the US dollar appreciates, it has an impact on various economic indicators. Here is an analysis of the impact of the appreciation of the US dollar on exports, imports, and aggregate demand.Exports riseWhen the US dollar appreciates, the goods and services produced in the US become more expensive for foreign buyers.
This results in a decline in demand for US exports. However, this also means that the foreign currencies required to purchase these goods have become relatively cheaper. This leads to an increase in demand for US exports, making them more attractive to foreign buyers, thus causing an increase in US exports.Imports declineConversely, when the US dollar appreciates, imports become cheaper as foreign currencies become relatively more expensive. This makes imports relatively more expensive and less attractive to US buyers.
Therefore, the demand for imports decreases, causing a decline in US imports.Aggregate demand shifts leftwardWhen the US dollar appreciates, US exports become more expensive and less attractive, leading to a decline in demand for US exports. The decline in exports leads to a decline in production, incomes, and employment in export-oriented industries. These factors ultimately lead to a decrease in aggregate demand.
Thus, when the US dollar appreciates, aggregate demand shifts leftward.Aggregate demand shifts rightwardOn the other hand, when the US dollar depreciates, US exports become cheaper, and demand for exports increases, leading to an increase in production, incomes, and employment in export-oriented industries. These factors ultimately lead to an increase in aggregate demand. Thus, when the US dollar depreciates, aggregate demand shifts rightward.
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i need your help in explaining the following:
why do Top managers need information that is external and why operational managers internal
why do Top managers need information that is summarized and why operational managers Detailed
why do Top managers need information that is summarized and why operational managers Detailed
why do Top managers need information that is Future oriented and why operational managers past oriented
why do Top managers need information that is wide scope and why operational managers narrow scope
why do Top managers need information that is soft information and why operational managers hard information
Top managers are decision-makers who manage the overall activities of the organization. Operational managers are responsible for managing day-to-day operations.
The information needs of top managers are different from the information needs of operational managers. Here are the reasons for these differences:
Why do Top managers need information that is external and why operational managers internal?
Top managers need external information because it provides them with an understanding of the external environment. This information helps them to make decisions that affect the organization as a whole.
Operational managers, on the other hand, need internal information because it helps them to manage the day-to-day operations of the organization.
Why do Top managers need information that is summarized and why operational managers Detailed?Top managers need summarized information because they are responsible for making decisions that affect the organization as a whole.
Summarized information gives them an overview of the situation, allowing them to make decisions quickly. Operational managers need detailed information because they are responsible for managing day-to-day operations.
Detailed information gives them the specific information they need to manage these operations effectively.
Why do Top managers need information that is Future oriented and why operational managers past oriented?Top managers need future-oriented information because they are responsible for the long-term success of the organization. T
his information helps them to identify trends and anticipate changes in the market. Operational managers need past-oriented information because it helps them to evaluate performance and make decisions based on past performance.
Why do Top managers need information that is wide scope and why operational managers narrow scope?
Top managers need wide scope information because they are responsible for the overall performance of the organization.
This information helps them to understand how different parts of the organization are working together. Operational managers need narrow scope information because they are responsible for managing specific parts of the organization. This information helps them to manage these parts effectively.
Why do Top managers need information that is soft information and why operational managers hard information?
Top managers need soft information because it provides them with insights into the organization's culture, values, and attitudes. This information helps them to make decisions that are aligned with the organization's goals. Operational managers need hard information because it is objective and measurable.
This information helps them to manage day-to-day operations and make decisions based on data.
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Two countries (US and Brazil) can produce either coffee or wheat by allocating all their resources in those activities. Here are the outcomes (in millions of tons):
- The US can produce 60 tons of wheat or 20 tons of coffee.
- Brazil can produce 20 tons of wheat or 10 tons of coffee.
• Which country has absolute advantage in both product? Explain. (5 points)
• In which product does each country has a comparative advantage? Explain. (10 points
• If each country specializes in the product in which it has a comparative advantage, and
trade is allowed between the two countries, explain how each will benefit from the situation. (10 points)
The question is about the theory of comparative advantage which explains how two countries can gain from international trade.
According to the theory, each country should specialize in the production of a good in which it has a lower opportunity cost and then trade that good for the good in which the other country has a lower opportunity cost. It is beneficial for both countries since each country can consume more of both goods by trading with each other.
The US has an absolute advantage in both products since it can produce 60 tons of wheat or 20 tons of coffee while Brazil can only produce 20 tons of wheat or 10 tons of coffee. Absolute advantage refers to the ability of a country to produce more of a good using the same amount of resources or using fewer resources to produce the same amount of goods.
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On January 1, Boston Enterprises issues bonds that have a $1,450,000 par value, mature in 20 years, and pay 9% interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31 . The bonds are sold at par, 1. How much interest will the issuer pay (in cash) to the bondholders every six months? 2. Prepare journal entries to record (a) the issuance of bonds on January 1 , (b) the first interest payment on June 30 , and (c) the second interest payment on December 31 . 3. Prepare the journal entry for issuance assuming the bonds are issued at (a)95 and (b)105, Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. How much interest will the issuef pay (in cash) to the bondholders every six months?
The given bond-related information are as follows;
Par value = $1,450,000
Maturity = 20 years
Interest rate = 9%
Interest payments = Semi-annual
The interest payment on the bond is calculated as;
Interest payment = Par value × (Interest rate/2)
Interest payment = $1,450,000 × (9%/2) = $1,450,000 × 0.045 = $65,250
the interest that the issuer will pay (in cash) to the bondholders every six months is $65,250.Journal entries to record (a) the issuance of bonds on January 1;
(a) Issuance of Bonds on January 1 Accounts Debit Credit Cash $1,450,000Bonds Payable $1,450,000
First interest payment on June 30;
(b) First Interest Payment on June 30Accounts Debit Credit Interest Expense $65,250Cash $65,250
Second interest payment on December 31;
(c) Second Interest Payment on December 31 Accounts Debit Credit Interest Expense $65,250Cash $65,250
Journal entry for issuance assuming the bonds are issued at (a) 95;
(a) Issuance of Bonds assuming the bonds are issued at 95 Accounts Debit Credit Cash $1,377,500Bonds Payable $1,377,500Calculation of the Bonds Payable is as follows;
Bonds Payable = Par value × Issue price
Bonds Payable = $1,450,000 × 95%
Bonds Payable = $1,377,500
Journal entry for issuance assuming the bonds are issued at (b) 105;
(b) Issuance of Bonds assuming the bonds are issued at 105Accounts Debit Credit Cash $1,522,500Bonds Payable $1,522,500
Bonds Payable = Par value × Issue price
Bonds Payable = $1,450,000 × 105%
Bonds Payable = $1,522,500
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2
Sandy Nguyen just graduated from college and has $40,000 in student loans. The loans bear interest at a rate of 6% and require quarterly payments. a. What amount should Sandy pay each quarter if she wishes to pay off her student loans in six years? Use Excel or a financial calculator for the computations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $ b. Sandy can only afford to pay \$1,500 per quarter. How long will it take Sandy to repay these loans? Use Excel or a financial calculator for the computations. Round the number of years to the nearest whole number. years
Sandy should pay approximately $110,312 each quarter to pay off her student loans in six years.
a. To calculate the quarterly payment amount needed to pay off Sandy's student loans in six years, we can use the formula for the payment on an amortizing loan. The formula is:
Payment = Loan Amount / Present Value Factor
Where: Loan Amount = $40,000
Present Value Factor = 1 - (1 + Interest Rate)^(-Number of Periods)
The interest rate is 6% per year, and since the loan requires quarterly payments, the number of periods is 6 years * 4 quarters per year = 24 quarters.
Let's calculate the quarterly payment:
Present Value Factor = 1 - (1 + 0.06)^(-24)
Present Value Factor ≈ 0.3624
Payment = $40,000 / 0.3624
Payment ≈ $110,312
Therefore, Sandy should pay approximately $110,312 each quarter to pay off her student loans in six years.
b. If Sandy can only afford to pay $1,500 per quarter, we can use the same formula to calculate the number of periods needed to repay the loan. Rearranging the formula, we have:
Number of Periods = -log(1 - (Payment / Loan Amount)) / log(1 + Interest Rate)
Let's calculate the number of periods:
Number of Periods = -log(1 - ($1,500 / $40,000)) / log(1 + 0.06)
Number of Periods ≈ 30.36
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Requirement 1. Identify the expected net costs that Spectra Systems will incur to acquire 84,000 switches under three alternative plans.
We require further information on the cost structure and specifics of each alternative plan in order to calculate the projected net costs for Spectra Systems to purchase 84,000 switches under each of the three options.
It is impossible to produce precise estimations without detailed information. However, taking into account the following elements can help you establish the anticipated net costs: Purchase Price: The price paid for every switch purchased under each plan, including any reductions, bulk pricing, or negotiated prices. Shipping and handling fees: Any extra charges for delivering the switches to Spectra Systems. Taxes and Duties: Any applicable taxes and import duties that could raise the price in general. Installation and setup charges: These include labour fees for installing and configuring the switches. and machinery. . Maintenance and Support: Ongoing expenses for the switches' entire lifespan for maintenance, repairs, and technical support. Spectra Systems can calculate the projected net costs for each alternative plan by analysing these variables for each one and taking into account the required number of switches (84,000). To ensure a thorough grasp of the financial ramifications and make an informed choice based on the organization's unique requirements and financial limits, it is crucial to examine all pertinent cost components.
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Billy Joe was in a rush when filing the quarter-end payroll filings and did not have time to save a copy. Where would Billy Joe go to download after-the-fact payroll forms and filings? Reports > Payroll > Archived forms and filings > Select Form Payroll > Compliance > Archived forms and filings > Select Form Taxes > Payroll Taxes > Filings > Archived forms and filings > Select Form Taxes > Payroll Taxes > Payments > Archived forms and filings > Select Form
Billy Joe can go to the Reports>Payroll>Archived forms and filings>Select Form to download the after-the-fact payroll forms and filings. More than 100 words:
The Reports menu in QuickBooks Online gives you access to different reports that you can customize and use for your business. It offers a wide range of options to choose from, including profit and loss reports, balance sheets, tax reports, and more.Payroll is one of the most critical aspects of any business. It includes everything from calculating employee salaries, withholding taxes, and paying payroll taxes. QuickBooks Online offers a payroll service that makes this process easy for you. It calculates taxes, creates paychecks, and sends payments to the government on your behalf.
To download the after-the-fact payroll forms and filings, Billy Joe can go to Reports > Payroll > Archived forms and filings > Select Form. Here, he can select the form he needs and download it. Similarly, if he needs to download archived tax forms and filings, he can go to Compliance > Archived forms and filings > Select Form Taxes > Payroll Taxes > Filings > Archived forms and filings > Select Form Taxes > Payroll Taxes > Payments > Archived forms and filings > Select Form.
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On January 1, 2017, Elemeno Inc. had 6000 shares of common stock authorized, $500 shares of common stock issued, and 2,402 shares in treasury stock. On April 1, 2017, Elemeno sold 458 shares from treasury stock at $42 each. On October 1, 2017, Elemeno sold an additional 138 shares from treasury stock at $55 each. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, net income available for common shareholders was $10,000.
Elemeno Inc. had 6000 authorized shares, 500 issued shares, 2402 treasury shares, sold some treasury shares, and earned $10,000 net income in 2017.
6000 shares of common stock were authorized for Elemeno Inc. in 2017, with 500 shares having been issued and 2402 being kept in treasury. They sold 458 shares of treasury stock at a price of $42 per share on April 1 and 138 shares at a price of $55 per share on October 1. The company made a net income of $10,000 for common shareholders for the fiscal year that ended on December 31, 2017. These transactions show that Elemeno Inc. used its treasury shares to raise money through sales while keeping some in treasury, according to the transactions. The net income shows the company's annual profitability, which could support future dividend payments or reinvestment plans for common shareholder.
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Direct Materials Variances Tip Top Corp. produces a product that requires 11 standard gallons per unit. The standard price is $8 per gallon. If 3,800 units required 42,600 gallons, which were purchased at $7.6 per gallon, what is the direct materials (a) price variance, (b) quantity variance, and (c) cost variance? Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.
(a) The direct materials price variance is $9,520 (unfavorable).
(b) The direct materials quantity variance is $2,600 (favorable).
(c) The direct materials cost variance is $6,920 (unfavorable).
The direct materials price variance is calculated by multiplying the difference between the actual price ($7.6) and the standard price ($8) by the actual quantity purchased (42,600 gallons).
The direct materials quantity variance is determined by multiplying the difference between the actual quantity used (42,600 gallons) and the standard quantity (3,800 units × 11 gallons per unit) by the standard price ($8).
The direct materials cost variance is the sum of the price variance and the quantity variance.
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Please explain the difference between information share model by
Hasbrouck (1995) and Gonzalo and Granger (1995) Permanent component
and Transitory component
In the study of finance, two theories, namely Hasbrouck's information share model and Gonzalo and Granger's permanent and transitory component model, are employed to help explain price movements in financial markets. This essay aims to discuss these two models and contrast them to show the significant differences between them.
The information share model developed by Hasbrouck is utilized to explain the relationship between information acquisition and trading behavior in financial markets. According to the model, the degree of information revealed to traders depends on the size of their trade, with large trades reflecting greater information. The model suggests that, on average, the number of informed traders increases as the number of small trades decreases while the number of uninformed traders increases as the number of small trades increases.
The Gonzalo and Granger model, on the other hand, explains the relationship between permanent and transitory shocks on financial markets. The model posits that the variation in the price of an asset over a long time is a result of its permanent component, while the short-term price fluctuation is caused by transitory shocks. The model implies that market participants should focus on permanent shocks, as opposed to transitory shocks, when analyzing long-term trends and their consequences.
In this model, price change is decomposed into two parts: permanent and transitory. In conclusion, while the information share model is concerned with the degree of information revealed to traders and its impact on trading behavior, Gonzalo and Granger's model explains how permanent and transitory shocks affect the price movement of an asset. The former provides insight into how traders behave, while the latter focuses on the long-term trend of an asset's price movement.
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Most people tend to follow society's expectations regarding how they should act and look (with some deviation here and there). Conformity is a change in beliefs or actions as a reaction to real or imagined group pressure. For societies to function, people develop norms or informal rules that govern behavior. For example, there is no law against cutting in line. But the informal rule that one should not cut in line would be an example of a norm. The stronger the norms of a society, the more pressure there is to conform. This pressure to conform conflicts with the motivation to be unique.
Choose a product that you have recently purchased and explain how conformity to societal norms affected your decision.
Review Chapter 11 and name three reasons why people might conform as you did for the product above.
Three decision making Dimensions that describe of purchasing strategies of an organizational buyer
The level of information he or she must gather prior to the decision.
The seriousness in which he or she Must consider all possible alternative.
Better grade to which he or she is familiar with the purchase.
And practice space three dimensions relate to how much conjunctive effort The buyer expands when he or she decides
Would there be any reason why you might not conform to social norms and not purchase the product?
Conformity to societal norms affects the decisions of individuals regarding which products to purchase. For example, the type of clothes, gadgets, or other items that people buy are usually influenced by social expectations.
Below is an explanation of how conformity to societal norms affected my decision to purchase a product. I recently bought a smartphone. My decision was influenced by conformity to societal norms. I was aware that most people nowadays use smartphones for communication, entertainment, and other purposes. Therefore, I had to conform to the norm of owning a smartphone by purchasing one. This pressure to conform conflicts with the motivation to be unique.
Normative influence is the desire to fit in and avoid rejection by the group. Informational influence is the desire to be correct and the belief that others have more information. Social identity theory is the desire to maintain a positive self-concept and identity.
The level of information he or she must gather prior to the decision, the seriousness in which he or she must consider all possible alternatives, and the better grade to which he or she is familiar with the purchase are the three decision-making dimensions that describe the purchasing strategies of an organizational buyer.
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Pena Company is considering an investment of $21,705 that provides net cash flows of $6,700 annually for four years. (a) If Pena Company requires a 7% return on its investments, what is the net present value of this investment? (PV of $1, FV of $1. PV of $1, and FVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Round your present value factor to 4 decimals.) (b) Based on net present value, should Pena Company make this investment? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. What is the net present value of this investment?
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment, we need to discount the net cash flows using the required rate of return.
Given:
Initial investment: $21,705
Annual net cash flow: $6,700
Number of years: 4
Required rate of return: 7%
(a) Net Present Value (NPV) Calculation:
Step 1: Determine the discount factor using the appropriate present value of $1 table for a 7% interest rate and 4 years. The discount factor is the present value factor.
From the table, the present value factor for 7% and 4 years is 0.7130.
Step 2: Calculate the present value of each net cash flow.
Year 1: $6,700 * 0.7130 = $4,783.10
Year 2: $6,700 * 0.7130^2 = $3,409.96
Year 3: $6,700 * 0.7130^3 = $2,429.16
Year 4: $6,700 * 0.7130^4 = $1,730.86
Step 3: Calculate the net present value by subtracting the initial investment from the present value of the cash flows.
NPV = Present value of cash inflows - Initial investment
NPV = ($4,783.10 + $3,409.96 + $2,429.16 + $1,730.86) - $21,705
NPV = $12,353.08 - $21,705
NPV = -$9,351.92
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trey compares the prices offered by different vendors for the same goods and services. which part of the purchasing process is trey involved in?
Trey is involved in the price comparison stage of the purchasing process. This stage typically occurs after identifying the need for goods or services and before making the final purchasing decision. During this stage, Trey evaluates and compares the prices offered by different vendors for the same goods or services.
By comparing prices, Trey aims to find the best deal that meets his requirements in terms of price and quality. This process involves gathering price quotes or proposals from multiple vendors, considering any additional factors such as shipping costs or warranties, and analyzing the value offered by each vendor. Trey may also negotiate or seek discounts to secure a favorable price.
Price comparison is an essential step in the purchasing process as it helps individuals or organizations make informed decisions, optimize their budget, and obtain the best possible value for their money.
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People’s Bank and Trust is a full-service, privately owned community bank. The bank is divided into the following departments: Customer Service, Loans, Business Services, and Investment Services. The bank is presently upgrading its servers from Windows Server 2008 to Windows Server 2016. Also, it is gradually upgrading client computers from a mix of Windows 7 and 8 to Windows 10. The cash drawers at the tellers’ booths are connected to Windows 7 computers, which are networked into the servers. The bank uses Active Directory with one small domain and with OUs for each department. All of the servers at the bank are configured as DCs. Your boss has asked you to outline a plan to configure the Windows Firewall to support users’ network security. Address the following four questions in your response to him/her: What is the purpose of a firewall? What exceptions and advanced features would you configure? Why? How can you use Group Policy to configure the Windows Firewall? What other features of Windows Server can you use to enhance the bank's network security?
The purpose of a firewall is to filter out unwanted traffic and to keep hackers and other malicious entities from penetrating the network. In order to configure the Windows Firewall to support users' network security, a plan should be put in place.
The plan should include the following: Exceptions and advanced features should be configured for the Windows Firewall. This will help to keep the network secure and prevent unwanted traffic from coming through. Group Policy should be used to configure the Windows Firewall. This is an important step because it allows administrators to create policies that can be applied to all computers in the network. Other features of Windows Server can be used to enhance the bank's network security. These include the following: BitLocker Drive Encryption, which provides data protection for computers that are lost or stolen. Network Access Protection, which helps to prevent unauthorized computers from connecting to the network.
The purpose of a firewall is to filter out unwanted traffic and to keep hackers and other malicious entities from penetrating the network. It is important to configure the Windows Firewall in order to support users' network security. This can be done by configuring exceptions and advanced features for the Windows Firewall. By doing this, the network can be made more secure and prevent unwanted traffic from coming through. Group Policy should be used to configure the Windows Firewall. This is an important step because it allows administrators to create policies that can be applied to all computers in the network. By using Group Policy, it is possible to configure the Windows Firewall in a way that is specific to the needs of the network. Other features of Windows Server can be used to enhance the bank's network security. These include BitLocker Drive Encryption, which provides data protection for computers that are lost or stolen, and Network Access Protection, which helps to prevent unauthorized computers from connecting to the network. By taking advantage of these features, the network can be made more secure and provide a better level of protection for the bank's customers.
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6. Assume you are age 78. You plan on living to age 100. If you have $725,000 on which you can earn an APR of 6.25%, how much can you take out per month in order to completely exhaust your savings in 22 years assuming monthly compounding?
Can you please show how to do in excel
pv
fv
nper
pmt
rate
To solve the given problem, we need to calculate the monthly payment (PMT) required to withdraw from the savings in order to exhaust the entire savings in 22 years given the present value (PV), future value (FV), interest rate (rate) and the number of payments (nper) in Excel.
Let us define the given terms first.PV = $725,000 (present value)APR = 6.25%Rate = APR/12 = 0.0625/12 (monthly interest rate)Nper = 22 * 12 = 264 months (number of months in 22 years)FV = 0 (the savings will be exhausted)PMT = The amount to be calculated using Excel FormulaTo calculate the monthly payment using the PMT function in Excel, follow these steps:Select an empty cell in Excel where you want to display the monthly payment.Enter the formula "=PMT(rate,nper,pv,[fv],[type])".Enter the values for the variables in the formula. The values should be in the order given in the formula. For the given problem, the formula will be "=PMT(0.0625/12,264,725000,0,0)"Press enter. The calculated value of monthly payment will be displayed in the cell.
Therefore, the monthly payment required to withdraw from the savings in order to exhaust the entire savings in 22 years given the present value (PV), future value (FV), interest rate (rate) and the number of payments (nper) in Excel is $6,304.45 (approx).
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according to the us office of personnel management, a valid job analysis provides data that should be used for what other purposes?
A valid job analysis provides valuable data that can be used for recruitment and selection, performance management, training and development, job evaluation and compensation, as well as legal compliance purposes within an organization.
1. Recruitment and Selection: The information gathered from a job analysis helps in identifying the essential job requirements, such as skills, knowledge, and qualifications, needed for effective recruitment and selection of candidates. It ensures that the selection process aligns with the job's demands and facilitates finding the right fit for the position.
2. Performance Management: Job analysis data is crucial for setting performance expectations and goals. It provides a clear understanding of the key job responsibilities and performance criteria, enabling managers to establish appropriate performance standards and evaluate employee performance effectively.
3. Training and Development: Job analysis helps identify the skills and competencies required to perform a job effectively. This information is instrumental in designing training programs and development initiatives to address any skill gaps or developmental needs identified in the job analysis process.
4. Job Evaluation and Compensation: Job analysis provides insights into the complexity, responsibilities, and requirements of a job, which are essential for job evaluation and determining equitable compensation structures. It helps in establishing the relative worth of different jobs within an organization and ensures fair and consistent compensation practices.
5. Legal Compliance: Job analysis serves as a foundation for ensuring legal compliance in various areas, such as equal employment opportunity, workplace health and safety, and accommodation of disabilities. It provides objective and documented information about job requirements, essential functions, and qualifications, which can be used as evidence to demonstrate compliance with legal regulations.
In summary, a valid job analysis provides valuable data that can be used for recruitment and selection, performance management, training and development, job evaluation and compensation, as well as legal compliance purposes within an organization.
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A vendor at a soccer stadium notices that the warmer the weather, the more soft drinks he normally sells. In technical terms, the vendor has noticed that temperature and soft drink sales are
a) spurious.
b) correlated.
c) independent.
d) nominal.
correlated. When two variables show a consistent relationship or pattern in their values, they are considered correlated.
In this scenario, the vendor at the soccer stadium has observed that as the temperature increases, the sales of soft drinks also increase. This indicates a correlation between temperature and soft drink sales. Correlation means that there is a statistical association between the two variables, in this case, temperature and soft drink sales. It implies that there is some form of relationship or connection between the two factors. In this instance, the warmer weather seems to have a positive impact on soft drink sales. It's important to note that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. While the vendor has observed a relationship between temperature and soft drink sales, it does not prove that one variable directly causes the other. Other factors or variables may also be influencing the sales, and further analysis would be needed to establish a causal relationship.
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Green Vehicle Inc., manufactures electric cars and small delivery trucks. It has just opened a new factory where the C1 car and the T1 truck can both be manufactured. To make either vehicle, processing in the assembly shop and in the paint shop are required. It takes 1/40 of a day and 1/60 of a day to paint a truck of type T1 and a car of type C1 in the paint shop, respectively. It takes 1/50 of a day to assemble either type of vehicle in the assembly shop. A T1 truck and a C1 car yield profits of $ 325 and $ 280 respectively, per vehicle sold. optimal solution? Number of trucks to be produced per days? number of cars to be produced.
Green Vehicle Inc. is manufacturing electric cars and small delivery trucks. They recently opened a new factory, where both C1 car and T1 truck can be produced. To make either vehicle, processing in the assembly shop and in the paint shop are required.
It takes 1/40 of a day and 1/60 of a day to paint a truck of type T1 and a car of type C1 in the paint shop, respectively. It takes 1/50 of a day to assemble either type of vehicle in the assembly shop. A T1 truck and a C1 car yield profits of $325 and $280 per vehicle sold, respectively. The number of trucks and cars produced per day for the optimal solution is required to be calculated.
Let us solve this problem.
Let x be the number of T1 trucks produced and y be the number of C1 cars produced per day.
Therefore, the objective function of the given problem is:
Maximize P = 325x + 280y
Also, the constraints of the problem are:
1/40x + 1/60y ≤ 80 (paint shop time constraint)1/50x + 1/50y ≤ 80 (assembly shop time constraint)x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 (non-negativity constraint)
Now, we need to graph the given constraints in order to get the optimal solution.
The graph of the given constraints is shown below:
Now, we need to find the points of intersection of these lines and check which one of these points maximize the objective function P.
We can find the points of intersection by solving the equations of the lines. The equations of the lines are:
1/40x + 1/60y = 801/50x + 1/50y = 80
The solution of these equations is: x = 960, y = 720
Therefore, the optimal solution is achieved when 960 trucks and 720 cars are produced per day.
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Segmentation and targeting are two key marketing tactics that must always be on the forefront of a marketer’s mind when developing a marketing strategy. Consider your readings as you compile your initial post to the prompts below:
You have been promoted to Marketing Manager at Rossignol, one of the leading manufacturers of skiing and snowboarding equipment. Your first task is to come up with a new marketing campaign for the 2019-2020 winter season. Your objective is to increase overall sales of their Alpine (downhill) ski line. Before you go ahead and do that, you want to make sure that you have properly segmented the market and know who your target is going to be.
Determine how you would segment the market. Describe the demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral attributes that you would assess when conducting segmentation.
Ultimately, based on your segmentation strategy, who would your target market be? Explain why.
Segmentation and targeting are two essential marketing tactics that must always be on the forefront of a marketer’s mind when developing a marketing strategy.
Segmentation is the process of dividing the market into smaller groups of potential customers that share common needs and characteristics,
while targeting involves selecting specific segments to serve based on their attractiveness and fit with the organization's objectives.
As a Marketing Manager at Rossignol, I would segment the market based on various factors,
including demographic, geographic, psychographic,
and behavioral attributes.
Demographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on age, gender, income, education, and other demographic factors.
Geographic segmentation divides the market based on geographic location, such as country, city, or region.
Psychographic segmentation divides the market based on consumers’ lifestyles,
personalities, values, interests, and attitudes,
while behavioral segmentation divides the market based on consumer behaviors, such as usage, loyalty, occasions, and benefits sought.
Considering the ski industry,
I would segment the market based on the following attributes:
Demographic attributes:
Age, Gender, Income, Education, and Occupation.
Geographic attributes:
Region, Climate, and Snowfall.
Psychographic attributes:
Lifestyle, Social Class, Personality, and Attitudes.
Behavioral attributes:
Occasions, Benefits Sought, Usage, and Loyalty.
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Which one of the following is probably the best suggestion for stretching your retirement income?
a) Skip leisure activities
b) Cut your food expenditures
c) Cancel your life and property insurance
d) Use your skills and time instead of your money
e) Get rid of your health insurance
The following is probably the best suggestion for stretching the retirement income: Use the skills and time instead of the money. The correct option is D.
Engaging in activities that rely on a person's skills and time rather than spending money on expensive leisure activities can help in saving money. For example, instead of going on expensive vacations, you could explore free or low-cost local attractions, pursue hobbies that don't require significant financial investment, or participate in community events. By using your skills, you may have opportunities to generate additional income during retirement.
Thus, the ideal selection is option D.
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From the project pian, we that a project has a total budgeted cost of $975,295 and in project completion fime of 15 woeks. At the moment, the prcject has been in a performing stage. At the end of week 8, the project progress report shows that the projoct bas consumed a total of $421.925, the project cost performance index is 0.88 and the project schedale performance index is 0.89. Looking at the moject report at the end of week 8 . what is the estimsted project cost at completion if the project continues at the cost performarice index of 1.0 ? Use at least 4 decinals.
The estimated project cost at completion, if the project continues at the cost performance index of 1.0, is $1,108,773.86.
The project budgeted cost: $975,295.
Project completion time: 15 weeks.
The amount consumed up until the end of week 8: $421,925.
The project cost performance index: 0.88.
The project schedule performance index: 0.89.
What is the estimated project cost at completion if the project continues at the cost performance index of 1.0?
The given data for the project is as follows:
Project budgeted cost: $975,295
The amount consumed up until the end of week 8: $421,925
Project cost performance index: 0.88
Project schedule performance index: 0.89
To calculate the estimated project cost at completion if the project continues at the cost performance index of 1.0, we will use the following formula:
Estimate at Completion (EAC) = Budget At Completion (BAC) / Cost Performance Index (CPI)
EAC = $975,295 / 0.88
EAC = $1,108,773.86
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Students will find a recently published newspaper article related to economics and analyze it using frameworks developed in this course. A report guideline is available on D2L. Students must submit a short-written article (not more than two pages) on the news piece they have analyzed. This submission
can be made before the due date (August 5
In this task, students are asked to analyze a recently published newspaper article that's related to economics using the frameworks developed in their economics course. The report guidelines are readily available on D2L. Upon analyzing the news piece, students should write a short article that summarizes their findings and recommendations. This submission should not exceed two pages.
The submission can be made before the due date, which is August 5.The objective of this task is to evaluate the students' ability to apply the economic concepts and frameworks they have learned to analyze real-world economic issues.
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In your original post, respond to the following prompts related to your small retail business in your initial post: - Identify the type of company you own and describe the nature of your business, sharing details about the number of employees you have employed, their responsibilities, and the role they play in implementing the internal controls put in place to protect the assets. Perhaps you sell shoes, clothing, furniture, or computers. You might own a restaurant or a small drug store or a 5mall walk-in health clinic. - Identify at least two kinds of internal control procedures that you can implement to protect your cash. - How would you protect the inventory in your warehouse? - How would you protect the cash in your cash register? - How would you protect your electronic data, such as banking information? - How can internal controls help to protect these assets? - How can you use technology to implement an effective internal control system to help your business? Explain your aniswers. Fraud is intentional deceit or trickery that results in a misstatement of the financial statements. Management is responsible for taking steps to reduce the risk of fraud. After quite a few instances of fraud in many large, publicly owned companies in recent years, a number of accounting reforms have been instituted to safeguard against fraud. One major change was the SarbanesOxley Act (SOX) of 2002 . SOX included a set of reforms that toughened penalties for corporate fraud, restricted the types of consulting that CPAs can perform for audit clients, and created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), SOX requires publicly-traded companies to follow government policies and procedures. Since cash is the most liquid of all assets, it needs to be safeguarded. Both large and small companies are susceptible to fraud and other unethical activities without proper controls in place. Managers and business owners can protect against fraud by using an intemal control system to protect their assets. An effective control system can also help businesses to conduct reliable accounting, operate efficiently, and encourage employees to follow company policies. To ensure that the internal controls implemented around cash are designed properly, there should be a segregation of duties: - Recordkeeping - Custody - Authorization - Reconciliation In an ideal situation, there should be one individual assigned the responsibility of only one component. The record-keeping function of an asset should be separated from the custody of an asset. In addition, the individual resporibible for suthoriaing a transaction related to cash should not be the same person that has custody of that cash or performs the recordkeening: Furthermore, reconciliations should be completed by different individuals to ensure that the intemat controls are working effectively. This includes daing physical audits checks, and reviews of internal control procedures that are in place to cateh errors in time and to avoid fraud. Well dive into this further in this descussion. Now that you understand the segregation of employee duties, imagine you own a small retail business and employ four employees. In your original post, respond to the following prompts related to your small retail business in your initial post: - Identify the type of company you own and describe the nature of your business, sharing details about the number of employees you have employed, their responsibilities, and the role they play in implementing the internal controls put in place to protect the assets. Perhaps you sell shoes, clothing, furniture, or computers. You might own a restaurant or a small drug store or a small walk-in health clinic. - Identify at least two kinds of internal control procedures that you can implement to protect your cash. - How would you protect the inventory in your warehouse? - How would you protect the cash in your cash register? - How would you protect your electronic data, such as banking information? - How can internal controls help to protect these assets? - How can you use technology to Implement an effective internal control system to help your business? Explain your answers.
The type of company that is being assumed in this scenario is a small retail business, selling shoes, clothing, furniture, or computers. This retail business has four employees employed.
What does it entail?Two employees are responsible for handling sales while two others are in charge of the inventory.
The employees responsible for handling sales keep track of the cash received from customers and deposit it in the cash register.
On the other hand, the employees responsible for inventory keep track of the goods received and sold.
They are also in charge of the warehouse and ensure that the inventory is protected.
Internal control procedures to protect cash.
The following are two internal control procedures that can be implemented to protect the cash received by the business:
Physical security measures should be taken to protect the cash register. This includes securing the cash register in a safe place and ensuring that the area around it is secure as well. This can be done by installing CCTV cameras in the store and setting up an alarm system. The owner should also limit the number of employees who have access to the cash register to reduce the risk of theft.All employees handling cash should receive training on how to handle it correctly. They should be trained on how to identify counterfeit currency and check the cash for errors. This will help ensure that no errors are made while handling the cash and that employees can identify any fraudulent activity.Inventory protection measures
The following are ways through which the inventory in the warehouse can be protected:
Access to the warehouse should be restricted.
Only authorized personnel should be allowed to enter the warehouse, and a sign-in sheet should be kept to keep track of who enters.
CCTV cameras can also be installed in the warehouse to monitor any activity and prevent unauthorized access.
The owner should also conduct regular physical inventory checks to verify that the inventory is still intact and that there is no theft.
Electronic data protection measures
Electronic data such as banking information can be protected by implementing the following measures:
All electronic data should be backed up regularly to prevent data loss.
Access to the data should also be restricted to authorized personnel, and the data should be encrypted to prevent unauthorized access.
An antivirus and firewall should also be installed to protect the data from any malware or virus attacks.
Internal controls to protect assets
Internal controls can help protect the assets of a business by reducing the risk of theft or fraud.
Internal controls can ensure that all employees are aware of the policies and procedures in place, which can help reduce the risk of errors.
Segregation of duties should also be practiced to prevent one employee from having too much control over an asset.
Technology to implement an effective internal control system
Technology can be used to implement an effective internal control system in the following ways:
An accounting software can be used to keep track of sales, inventory, and cash flow.
This software can also generate reports, which can be used to identify any discrepancies or errors.
CCTV cameras and an alarm system can also be installed to monitor activity and prevent theft or fraud. This can be integrated with the accounting software to track any suspicious activity and alert the owner immediately.
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Suppose that currency in circulation is $800 billion, the amount of checkable deposits is $1000 billion, excess reserves are $50 billion, and the required reserve ratio is 8%. a. (5pts) Calculate the money supply, the currency deposit ratio, the excess reserve ratio, and the money multiplier. b. (5pts) Suppose the central bank conducts an open market sale of bonds of $30 billion due to the high inflation in the economy. Assuming the ratios you calculated in part (a) remain the same, predict the effect on the money supply. c. (5pts) Suppose the central bank conducts the same open market sale as in part (b), and banks choose to buy the bonds using their excess reserve. If currency and deposits remain the same, what happens to the excess reserve ratio, the money supply, and the money multiplier?
a. Calculation of money supply, currency deposit ratio, excess reserve ratio, and money multiplier: Currency deposit ratio: The currency deposit ratio is the proportion of currency held by the public compared to the bank deposits it generates.
Currency deposit ratio = Currency in circulation/Checkable deposits= 800/1000=0.8.
Excess reserve ratio: The excess reserve ratio is the proportion of the bank's excess reserves to its total deposits.
Excess reserve ratio = Excess reserves / Total deposits = 50/1000 = 0.05.
Money multiplier: The money multiplier is the amount by which the money supply changes due to a change in the monetary base.
Money multiplier = 1 / Reserve ratio = 1 / 0.08 = 12.5.
Money supply: The amount of money supply is calculated as follows:
Money supply = Currency + Checkable deposits = 800 + 1000 = $1,800 billion.
b. Predict the effect of an open market sale of bonds worth $30 billion on the money supply, assuming the ratios calculated in part (a) remain the same. The effect of open market operations can be estimated using the following formula: Change in Money supply = Change in Monetary base × Money multiplier. Change in Monetary base = -30 (- sign shows the sale of bonds).Change in money supply = -30 x 12.5 = -375.
The change in the money supply is -375 billion dollars. As a result, the money supply falls from $1,800 billion to $1425 billion. c. Determine the excess reserve ratio, money supply, and money multiplier when the same open market sale is conducted by the central bank, and banks use their excess reserves to buy bonds.
As a result, the following calculations are made: Excess reserve ratio = Excess reserves / Total deposits = 20/1000 = 0.02.Money multiplier = 1 / Reserve ratio = 1 / 0.08 = 12.5.Money supply = Currency + Checkable deposits = 800 + 970 = $1,770 billion.
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A firm practices the pure chase strategy. Production last quarter was 1600 . Demand over the next four quarters is estimated to be 1300,1100,1400, and 1000 . Hiring cost is $22 per unit, and firing cost is $10 per unit. Over the next year, the sum of hiring and layoff costs will be
A firm practicing the pure chase strategy with production of 1600 units last quarter and demand estimates of 1300, 1100, 1400, and 1000 units over the next four quarters. Hiring cost is $22 per unit, and firing cost is $10 per unit.
The pure chase strategy aims to align production closely with demand. In this case, the firm produced 1600 units last quarter. The estimated demand for the next four quarters is 1300, 1100, 1400, and 1000 units, respectively.
To meet the changing demand, the firm will need to hire or fire employees. Hiring cost is $22 per unit, and firing cost is $10 per unit.
Calculating the hiring and firing costs for each quarter:
Quarter 1: Hiring cost = (1300 - 1600) * $22 = -$6,600 (No hiring needed)
Quarter 2: Firing cost = (1600 - 1100) * $10 = $5,000
Quarter 3: Hiring cost = (1400 - 1100) * $22 = $6,600
Quarter 4: Firing cost = (1100 - 1000) * $10 = $1,000
Total hiring and firing costs over the next year:
Total = -$6,600 + $5,000 + $6,600 + $1,000 = $6,000
Therefore, the sum of hiring and firing costs over the next year is $6,000.
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